旅游翻译论文的开题报告

答辩后会评选优秀毕业论文，如果你想争取这个的话，最好选择语言学方向的题目，因为语言学是比较难的，写这个课题的人很少，大多数人选的都是翻译和文学方向。我毕业时写的是旅游景点名称的翻译问题及解决办法，个人认为这个题目是在翻译中不常见的，没想到书籍资料就不是很好找，有些网上扒来的导师不认可，还让亲自去找错误，所以题目一定要选对，不要给自己挖陷阱，选了题目上报之后再想改就没那么容易了。一般写翻译的都会用到翻译大师尤金奈达的翻译理论--功能对等，答辩的时候答辩组老师一定会问你这个问题，你要是不看这本书把理论吃透，答不好就可能被认为是抄袭。还有其他种种问题啊

翻译专业开题报告

开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告，欢迎阅读。

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

选题的原因、基本内容：

英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。其内容丰富，寓意深刻，具有浓厚的感情色彩。如果能在文章、谈话或对外交往中，恰当地加以运用，会大大增加语言的表达能力，收到良好的效果。英语谚语是英语语言的'精华，是英国艺术宝库的瑰丽明珠。英语谚语的句式特点是句式简单，语言精炼，富于形象比喻，充满浓郁的民族色彩。学习和研究英语谚语有助于启迪思想，开拓视野，了解英国的历史文化、风土人情，以及英国人民的人生哲理，同时还可以学到生动活泼的大众语言。

本文通过比较英汉成语及谚语这两种语言的相似及不同之处，详细的介绍英语成语及谚语。第一部分主要从内容和形式两方面谈谈英语成语及谚语的基本特色;第二部分谈及英语成语及谚语的一般翻译方法和翻译时应该注意的一些问题。

相关资料收集情况：

陈亚光。小议英谚语和成语的创新。上海外国语学院学报，1983。

黄粉保。英汉成语翻译漫谈。云梦学刊，1999/2

顾雪梁。语成语英译探索。广州师范学院学报，1993/2。

张培基，喻云根，李宗杰，彭谟禹。《英汉翻译教程》。北京：中国外语教育出版社，xx/8

杨永和。英语谚语的修辞特点研究。重庆工学院学报,xx/3。

论文提纲：

thesis statemen：this essay discourse the features and translation of english

idioms and proverbs. and from the society culture to find out the basic different between chinese.

outline

ⅰ. introduction: for chinese students, english idioms and proverbs is a stumbling block. so the characteristics and translation of idioms and proverbs should be studied.

ⅱ. the characteristics of english idioms and proverbs

a. the characteristics of english idioms

1. simple but rich

2. harmonious phonology

3. vivid metaphor

b. the characteristics of english proverb

1. concise and clear

2. symmetrical sentence pattern

3. rich and varied rhetoric

ⅲ. the translation of english idioms and proverbs

a. the theories of translation

1. literal translation

2. free translation

3. mechanical application of the synonym chinese proverb

4. literal translation and free translation

b. the points of translation

1. the literal translation of proverbs prohibited

2. the translation of proverbs to keep the original text style

3. the translation of proverbs to notice the national characteristic

4. the translation of proverbs to notice the artistic characteristic

ⅳ. conclusion

指导教师意见：

指导教师签名：

年 月 日

旅游管理论文开题报告范文

关于旅游管理论文开题报告如何写呢?下面是我整理的关于旅游管理论文开题报告，希望能够帮到大家。

论文题目： 我国度假旅游环境的特点分析与营造

一、论文选题的动因(背景或意义)：

中国的度假旅游发展到现在，自1992年成立了12个国家级旅游度假区以来，各地方纷纷效仿，大小不一、等级不同，不论去哪里旅游，到处可见“旅游度假区”字样，发展之迅速，范围之广都超出人们的想象之外，但是如此积极的大跃进，整体的效益并没有提高，而是在坎坷中进行。

虽然对于旅游度假区已经有屡见不鲜的感觉，但是中国度假旅游的发展并不是十分的成熟，因此，度假旅游成为现在很热门的一项研究主题。 而从中国度假旅游发展的现状以及前辈们对于休闲旅游与度假旅游的区分概念来看，中国的度假旅游区大部分都不能将休闲旅游、观光旅游明显的区别开来，在我看来，很多的旅游度假区徒有其名，却并无实质或者说明显的与其他区分的内容。因此，对于度假旅游环境的特点分析就很有必要，在分析的同时能够相对找出一些方法或者措施便是本次研究论文的主要目的。

二、论文拟阐明的主要问题：

度假旅游成为今天很热门的一个话题，但是对于它的研究，还没有比较成熟的研究体系，本文主要从度假旅游环境的特点出发，通过研究，找到现在的度假旅游环境所应该具备的元素与中国度假旅游环境中存在的问题，并在此基础上，通过与外国旅游度假环境进行对比分析，试图找到解决问题的方法，建立具有中国特点的度假旅游环境体系。同时，本着可持续发展的原则，分析营造度假旅游环境所需注意的事项，使整个营造过程中通过最少的损耗获得最大的效益。

三、论文提纲：

1 文献综述

2 度假旅游与环境关系

度假旅游对环境的促进作用

环境对度假旅游的反作用

3 我国度假旅游环境的特点分析

我国度假旅游环境的类型

我国度假旅游环境的特点分析

我国度假旅游环境的现状与问题

与国外度假旅游环境的比较分析

4 我国度假旅游环境的营造

发展度假旅游的条件分析

我国度假旅游环境营造原则

我国度假旅游环境营造的问题思考

度假旅游环境特色的保持

5 结论

四、论文工作进度安排：

给出论文撰写到每一部分的时间进度计划表(要与学院要求的最后交论文时间相吻合)

完成论文前半章(度假旅游环境分析)

完成论文后半章(度假旅游环境营造)及初稿整理

完成论文修改稿及完善

完成论文三稿

完成毕业论文定稿

五、主要参考文献及相关资料：

1、蔡家成.度假旅游产品、项目的开发建设.中国旅游报.

2、Chuck .向萍.度假饭店的开发与管理(第二版).中国旅游出版社.2003

3、龚立仁.旅游度假区 路在何方.中国旅游报.

4、黄向，苏丹.旅游英语.21世纪旅游专业系列规划教材.暨南大学出版.2009

5、黄郁成.新概念旅游开发.对外经济贸易大学出版社.2002

6、姜红敏.度假旅游相关概念界定探讨.现代商贸工业.2009第12期

7、刘家明.游度假区发展演化规律的初步探讨.地理科学进展.(2)

8、骆文韬.走向21世纪的中国度假旅游.中国旅游出版社.1997

9、Robert Christie Mill.李正喜.度假村管理与运营.大连理工出版社.2002

10、王运姣，王琪.关于度假旅游的研究评述.现代经济信息.2009年15期

11、肖红艳、李琦.论分时度假在中国本土化面临的问题与对策.内蒙古财经学院学报(综合版)2007年5月版

12、徐菊凤.中国休闲度假旅游研究.东北财经大学出版社. 2008

13、杨铭铎，陈心宇.休闲、养生、度假旅游概念分析.黑龙江科技信息.2009年29期

14、杨群，盛红.深圳发展东部滨海旅游度假区的前景分析.海岸工程2003年9月

15、杨霞.龙佑温泉度假区温泉旅游开发.消费导刊，2009(2)

16、郑冬子主编.旅游地理学.华南理工大学出版社.

17、郑建雄.休闲旅游产业概论.中国建筑工业出版社.2009

18、周建明.旅游度假区的发展趋势与规划特点.国外城市规划.2003年01期

虽然这门学科的产生，在我国只有不到三十年的时间，随着社会经济文化的迅速发展和对外交往的不断扩大，我国旅游业迅速发展，不但成为我国第三产业的重要方面，而且已形成一个新的经济增长点，因而迫切需要兼有人文、地理、经济知识的经营管理人才。希望这篇旅游管理论文开题报告范会对您的论文有所帮助。

知识扩展：开题报告怎么写

一、毕业论文的题目。题目是毕业论文中心思想的高度概括，要求：

①准确、规范。要将研究的问题准确地概括出来，反映出研究的深度和广度，反映出研究的性质，反映出实验研究的基本要求——处理因素、受试对象及实验效应等。用词造句要科学、规范。

②简洁。要用尽可能少的文字表达，一般不得超过20个汉字。

二、介绍课题的目的、意义。即先说明为什么要选择这个研究课题，交代研究的价值。一般先谈现实需要——由存在的问题导出研究的实际意义，然后再谈理论及学术价值，要求具体、客观，且具有针对性，注重资料分析基础，注重时代、地区或单位发展的需要，切忌空洞无物的口号。

三、介绍课题的历史背景、现状和发展趋势。即文献综述，主要说明国内外的研究情况，关于这个课题前人曾做过哪些方面的研究、解决了哪些问题、还存在什么问题等。

所谓综述的“综”即综合，综合某一学科领域在一定时期内的研究概况;“述”更多的并不是叙述，而是评述与述评，即要有作者自己的独特见解。要注重分析研究，善于发现问题，突出选题在当前研究中的'位置、优势及突破点。综述的对象，除观点外，还可以是材料与方法等。

四、介绍本人研究的初步方案，需要解决的问题和突破的难点，预期的结果等。即说明自己的主攻方向是什么，研究中主要根据什么理论、采用什么方法、取得什么成果等。 整个研究在时间及顺序上如何安排，怎样分阶段进行，对每一阶段的起止时间、相应的研究内容及成果均要有明确的规定，阶段之间不能间断，以保证研究进程的连续性。

五、说明课题的可行性和创新性。不仅对可能遇到的最主要的、最根本的关键性困难与问题要有准确、科学的估计和判断，并采取可行的解决方法和措施，而且要突出重点，突出所选课题与同类其他研究的不同之处。

六、列出参考文献。最后要列出所查阅的主要参考文献，一方面可以反映作者立论的真实依据，另一方面也是对原著者创造性劳动的尊重，篇数以各校的规定为准。

七、听取导师评价。在导师的评价后，再作必要的修改与补充，经导师最后认可后，就进入研究阶段，而后便可着手论文的写作。