英文论文引言的模板

Introduction:Magnetic field measurement is a mean that people observe, study and use the physical processes of magnetic phenomena. Its development has a long history, the magnetic field measurement techniques embodies the collective wisdom of the ancient. Modern Physics and in particular the rapid development of cutting-edge technologies, almost any technology is relatived with the magnetic field measurements. It has been widely used in geophysics, space, military detection, bio-medical,accelerator engineering, high-temperature superconductors, magnetic floating train spin controlled thermonuclear fusion device, as well as a series of high-tech departments. So the magnetic field measurement technique must be consistent with other combination of a wide range of subjects because the update higher requirement of the magnetic field measurement techniques and equipment,and the formation of new are four categoriesabout the method of magnetic field : base on law of electromagnetic induction, the methods of measurement based on mechanical, base on magnetic field effect, based on the magnetic resonance method. Four methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, but via the comparative analysis, the Hall effect is a more prefect method of measuring tiny magnetic field, which is accurate. Butit is the reson for the research and improvement with this method has been watered down in recent years. Experimental Design Competition aims to encourage students to play a creative thinking, the subsided Hall-effect once will be put on the agenda again in the further study of law, and it calls for a new round of technological breakthroughs.

Foreword: That the magnetic field is measured is that people observes , studies and makes use of magnetism phenomenon one kind of means about physics process. Development of its history is already pretty age-old , magnetic field measurement technology is containing and embodying from the ancient times so far human being collective crystallization of wisdom. Especially physics the modern times and the sophisticated technique advancing by leaps and bounds. Almost any technology field all can't be seprated from magnetic field measurement. It applies each branches floating as well as the train may charge a series of high and new technology such as hot nuclear fusion device etc. in the earth physics , aerospace , military affairs probing, biomedicine , accelerator project , high low temperature superconductivity , magnetism whorl already broadly. Measurement technology and the instrument bring forward refreshed higher call for to the magnetic field as a result , force magnetic field measurement technology to must combine with other different discipline each other , form and a few new inter-disciplines. The method that the magnetic field measures has four kinds mainly: Owing to electromagnetic induction law method , owing to the method that Mechanics measures , owing to magnetic field electricity effect method , owing to the magnetic resonance method. Every has four kinds method to give a shortcoming preferential treatment , have a general comparison but analysing down, the Hall effect follow the method being a relatively mature tiny measurement magnetic field, and can gain comparatively ideal accuracy. But have deteriorated or declined it is just because that this is one kind relatively mature method , go into and improvement to this method in recent years. The experiment designs that megagame aims at encouraging a college student to bring the thought being innovative into play , once quiet Hall effect law going a step further studies the technology breakthrough the agenda having be being mentioned once again , being called one new wheel.

学术堂来告诉你如何在英语论文中写引言:The introductory paragraph should1) introduce your topic;2) grab your reader's attention; and3) state your thesis , the first sentence (often called the "hook" or "attention getter") leads into two or three sentences that give details about your subject. Finish your introductory paragraph with your thesisstatement.一般来说,第一段第一个句子应为引导句,之后的两三个句子则是用来铺陈关于文章主题的细节,最后再以主旨句结束你的引言段.Grab your reader's attention in the hook by . asking a challenging question; . beginning with an interesting and informative quote; . providing a dramatic, eye-opening statement; or . telling a brief, engaging story.

引言的漏斗型写法：漏斗上大下小，就像引言开头介绍研究的大背景，圈定一个较大的研究范围，然后逐步缩小，找到一个具体的研究缺口，并判断填补缺口将具有很大的要性，再提出解决方法并阐述结果带来的意义。因此，将引言的漏斗型写法分为4个步骤：研究问题和背景，研究成果和存在问题，研究目标和方法，研究价值引言写作看似简单，很多人在实际撰写的过程中却有种无从下笔的感觉。一篇论文如果先写引言，难免会有万事开头难的感觉。如果再加上不了解引言的行文思路，则更是难上加难。因此，建议研究者在写作时按照方法一结果一引言一讨论一结论一题目一摘要的顺序的来写。将引言放到方法和结果后来写。因为只有充分了解了论文的研究结果，才能够写出高质量的引言，否则会流于泛泛之谈，且无法和研究的主要目的相互呼应。引言写作的最大难点在于，让研究主题既保持前沿性又有研究价值，将比较大的研究课题落实到具体的实践应用或现象认知中，增加论文的通用性和受众的广泛性。在构思引言前，问自己五个问题，并尝试写下答案。01为什么这个研究问题很重要？比如做焊接空心球节点的疲劳测试的研究，为什么重要呢？是因为网架结构的节点疲劳问题容易造成工业生产中的安全事故，因此，研究疲劳性能并对结构加以改善能够更大限度地降低工业生产中的安全事故风险。除了类似的具有实践意义的研究，还有其他方面的重要研究，比如新的理论能填补认知空白。总之，需要构思出一个好的科研想法，瞄准重要的科学问题。如果问题本身的价值不大，即便解决问题的方法再创新，意义自然就不大。在一些严谨苛刻的学者面前，这样的研究问题即便有再好的分析，也会有“无病呻吟”的尴尬评价。那么如何确保自己的研究问题是重要的？这个问题没有统一的评判标准，各个研究方向也有自己的独特性。建议通过以下两个途径予以改进：阅读理解高水平学者的论文和作者观点，这一般会出现在他们论文的引言和讨论部分或者综述论文中。特别是综述论文，会对某个研究问题进行系统的总结与预测，有助于我们深入了解某个方向研究的来龙去脉，也就能够启发我们定位到重要的研究问题上。直接和富有经验的同行交流，可通过参加学术会议、邮件交流、当面交流等形式。这比阅读论文更容易理解某个科研问题，对于科研入门者尤其如此。同时，这也能使我们加深对某个重要问题的印象，在后期阅读类似的文献内容时能呼应起来，产生共鸣。02研究缺口和重要性是什么？比如焊接空心球问题已经被诸多学者研究过，包括它在静态荷载下的极限承载力等。但是对于焊接空心球节点疲劳问题的研究很少(研究缺口)，对其疲劳性能的理解还不完善，而加深理解它的疲劳性能具有重要性，因此，这个研究主题就有一定的创新性和重要性。如果找到恰当的研究方向，比如设计好的实验方法，一般就能取得创新的数据和结果。需要注意的是，某一个研究问题被研究得少(研究缺口)并不能作为研究动机.从未有人开展过研究，不代表该研究话题值得研究，可能只是因为缺乏重要性，即便解决该问题，带来的作用或意义也很小。比如没有人研究过三角形状的房间门，是因为这样的几何形状不太有应用价值。因此，我们要排除那些不重要的研究缺口。在排除过程中，可以参考这样的思考路径：指出对某科学问题的研究较少且理解不透彻——叙述我投入研究的重要性——表明我的研究成果的创新之处。03你的研究假设和目标是什么？回答了问题(2)，就知道了论文研究的科学问题。这时需要明确研究的具体目标和假设。比如根据理论认识或者已有的研究结果假设焊接空心球节点的疲劳破坏主要发生在钢管焊趾处，那么目标就是研究钢管焊趾处的疲劳性能。如果对假设不太确定，则可以先做尝试性的小实验来初步验证假设的合理性。这也可以避免由于假设错误造成的时间和经济损失。04你的研究方法是什么？确定了研究假设和目标后，如何设计方法(如数值模拟、实验研究、理论推导、调查研究等)来实现目标？实际上就是设计一条路径去达成目标。在引言部分简单概括研究方法即可，详细介绍则放到论文的方法部分。05研究的价值又是什么？假设研究做完了，它带来的意义是什么？对该领域是否有贡献？是推动了新理论的发展，还是发现了新的交叉领域或是将前人没有理解透彻的地方进行了系统分析，又或者是发明了新的效率更高的解决方法及计算模型？等等。在上述案例里，研究钢管焊趾处节点的疲劳性能既弥补了这一领域理论探讨的不足，又能够为改善工厂生产中的节点疲劳问题提供理论支持。研究价值通常有两种。一种是加深对某一问题的认知和理解，即理论意义上的价值；另一种是带来实践的应用机会，比如在重视实践的医学和工程领域中，研究价值的实践意义尤为重要。根据自己的研究问题，提出和回答上述五个问题后，引言写作的思路就会逐渐清晰。这一过程有助于厘清你的研究思路，为引言的正式写作提供蓝本。以上五个问题也可以帮助构建一份质量上乘的项目计划书。