新手-熟手-专家型教师心理特征的比较A COMPARATIVE RESEARCH ON THE MENTAL CHARACTER OF NOVICE, PROFICIENT AND EXPERT TEACHERS 添加到阅览室阅读软件下载连榕心理学报 2004年01期为了更深入地了解教师的教学专长发展,采用了量表法分别对433名和469名新手型、熟手型、专家型教师进行了教学策略、成就目标定向、人格特征和职业承诺、职业倦怠两个比较研究.结果表明:在教学策略、成就目标、人格特征上,专家型教师均优于熟手型教师,而熟手型教师又优于新手型教师;在职业承诺和职业倦怠上,专家型教师均优于熟手型教师和新手型教师,而熟手型教师与新手型教师不存在差异.重视课前准备,成绩目标是其重要的工作动机是新手型教师的主要特征;课中策略水平较高,任务目标成为重要的工作动机,具有随和、宽容、乐群、能关心他人的人格特点是熟手型教师的主要特征;教学策略以课前计划、课后的评估、反思为核心,具有鲜明的情绪稳定性、理智、着重实际、自信心和批判性强的人格特点,职业的情感投入程度和职业成就感高是专家型教师的主要特征.三类教师在课后的补救策略、成绩目标、内外向、继续承诺和情绪耗竭上没有显著差异是其共同点.关键词:新手-熟手-专家型教师 教学策略 成就目标定向 人格特征 职业承诺和职业倦怠--------------------------------------------------------------------------------参考文献: [1]Sternberg R J. A prototype view of expert teaching. Journal of East China Normal University, 1997, (1): 27~37(.斯腾伯格著. 高民等译.专家型教师教学的原型观.华东师范大学学报(教育科学版),1997, (1): 27~37)[10]Burden P R. Teachers perceptions of the characteristic and influences on their personal and professional development (Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University, 1979). Dissertation Abstracts International, 1980, 40 (5404A)[11]Katz L. Developmental stages of preschool teachers. Elementary School Journal, 1972, 73(1): 50~54[12]Hulerman M, Grounauer M, Marti J. Translated by Neuleld J. The lives of teachers. London,Cassell Villiers, house,New York Teachers college press, 1993. 56~62[13]Zhong K D, Zhang G. The research on context experiment development rule and affected factors of teacher's strategy knowledge (in Chinese). Psychological Science, 2000, 23(4): 488~490(袁克定,张溉. 老师策略性知识的发展规律及影响因素研究. 心理科学,2000,[14]Calderhead J. Teacher: Beliefs and knowledge. Handbook of Educational Psychology. New York, 1996. 709~725[15]Kagan D M, Tippins D J, How US teacher (read) classroom performances. Journal of Education for Teaching, 1993, 18(2): 149~158[16]Etelapelto A. Contextual and strategic knowledge in the acquisition of design expertise. Learning and Instruction, 2000, (10): 113~136[17]Wang G Y, Wo J Z. The structure of teacher's teaching strategies in primary school(in Chinese). Psychological Development and Education, 2000, 16(3): 59~62(王国英,沃建中.小学语文教师教学策略的结构. 心理发展与教育, 2000,16(3):59~62)[18]Zhang YM.,et al. The study of context experiment on classification of achievement goals (in Chinese). Psychological Science, 2001, 24(1): 22~25(张咏梅等.成就目标分类的情景实验研究. 心理科学, 2001, 24(1):22~25)[19]Hacktt R K, Lapierre L M. Understanding the links between work commitment constructs. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2001, 58(3): 1~22[2]Leinhardt G. Expertise in mathematics teaching. Educational Leadership, 1986, 3(6): 28~33[20]Guo H R. The research of difference and related factors in teacher's professional commitment between the intelligence enlightenment class and the common class in national primaryschool(in Chinese). MA: In Institute of Education in Taiwan National Univ[21]Chemiss C. Role of professional self-efficacy in the etiology and amelioration of burnout. In: Schaufeli W*B, Maslach C, Marek T ed. Professional Burnout: Recent developments in theory and research. Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis, 1993[22]Lin C D. Intelligence of education (in Chinese). Beijing: Kaiming Press, 2000. 45 (林崇德.教育智慧.北京,开明出版社,2000. 45)[3]Livingston C, Borko H. Expert-Novice differences in teaching : A cognitive analysis and implications for teacher education. Journal of Teacher Education, 1989, 40(4): 36~42[4]Carter K., et al. Expert-Novice differences in perceiving and processing visual classroom information. Journal of Teacher Education, 1988, 39(3): 25~31[5]Gagne E D, et al. The cognitive psychology of school learning. Boston,MA:Little,Brown, 1985[6]Westerman D A. Expert and novice teacher decision making. Journal of Teacher Education, 1991, 2(4): 292~305[7]Yu G L. The research on teaching efficacy and teaching behavior of Expert-Intern teachers (in Chinese). Exploration of Psychology, 1999, 19(2):32~39(俞国良. 专家--新手型教师教学效能感和教学行为的研究.心理探新,1999, 19(2):32~39)[8]Luo X L. The research on teaching efficacy and teaching regulated ability of Expert-Intern teachers(in Chinese). Psychological Science. 2000, 23(6): 741~742(罗晓路. 专家--新手型教师教学效能感和教学监控能力研究.心理科学,2000,23(6):741~742)[9]Berliner D C. The development of expertise in pedagogy. American Association of College for Teacher Education. New or leans, La, 1988, February 17