![](/lib_static/assets/images/user_logo/3ed2668ab196fd441fc8c4b3cdc6c64db7dbee00.jpg)
1. INTRODUCTION Theory and Overviews· Baldwin, Richard E.; Forslid, Rikard; Martin, Philippe; Ottaviano, Gianmarco . and Robert-Nicoud, Frédéric (2003) Economic Geography and Public Policy. Princeton University Press.· Fujita, Masahisa; Krugman, Paul and Venables, Anthony (1999) The Spatial Economy: Cities, Regions and International Trade, MIT Press: Cambridge, MA.· Fujita, Masahisa and Thisse, Jacques-Fran?ois (2002) Agglomeration and Market Interaction, CEPR Discussion Paper No. 3362. · Henderson, J. Vernon and Thisse, Jacques-Fran?ois (2004) Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics - Volume 4: Cities and Geography, Elsevier.· Markusen, James; Melvin, James; Kaempfer, William and Maskus, Keith (1995) International Trade: Theory and Evidence, McGraw-Hill. · Neary, Peter (2001) "Of Hype and Hyperbolas: Introducing the New Economic Geography". Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 39, pp. 536-561. · Rossi-Hansberg, Esteban (2006) "A Spatial Theory of Trade". American Economic Review, vol. 95, pp. 1464-1491. · Sj?berg, ?rian and Sj?holm, Fredrik (2002) "Common Ground? Prospects for Integration the Economic Geographers of Geographers and Economists". Environment and Planning A, vol. 34, pp. 467-486. Empirics: Overview · Brakman, S.; Garretsen, H.; Gorter, J.; van der Horst, A. and Schramm, M. (2005) "New Economic Geography, Empirics, and Regional Policy". Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis working paper. · Head, Keith and Mayer, Thierry (2004) "The Empirics of Agglomeration and Trade". In: Henderson, V. and Thisse, . (eds.) Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, Elsevier. (download pdf). · Helpman, Elhanan (1999) "Explaining the Structure of Foreign Trade: Where do We Stand?" Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 13, pp. 121-124. · Krugman, Paul (1994) "Empirical Evidence on the New Trade Theories: The Current State of Play". In: New Trade Theories, CEPR Conference Report, London. · Leamer, Edward E. (1994) "Testing Trade Theory". In: Greenaway, D. and Winters, . (ed.) Surveys in International Trade, Blackwell, Oxford. · Leamer, Edward E. and Levinsohn, James (1995) "International Trade Theory: The Evidence". In: Grossmann, G. and Rogoff, K. (eds.) Handbook of International Economics, vol. 3, Elsevier, New York. · Overman, Henry; Redding, Stephen and Venables, Anthony (2001) "The Economic Geography of Trade, Production and Income: A Survey of Empirics". CEPR Discussion Paper No. 2978. · Feenstra, Robert C., Lipsey, Robert E. and Bowen, Harry P. (1997) "World Trade Flows, 1970-1992; With Production and Tariff Data", NBER Working Paper No. 59102. DESCRIPTIVES: SPECIALISATION AND TRADE VOLUMES Trade Structures · Balassa, Bela (1965) "Trade Liberalisation and 'Revealed' Comparative Advantage". Manchester School, vol. 33, 99-123.· Bernhofen, . and Brown, . (2005) “An Empirical Assessment of the Comparative Advantage Gains from Trade: Evidence from Japan” American Economic Review, vol. 95, pp. 208-225. · Brülhart, Marius and Elliott, Robert (1998) "Adjustment to the European Single Market: Inferences from Intra-Industry Trade Patterns". Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 25., pp. 225-247. · Rice, Patricia; Stewart, Martin and Venables, Anthony J. (2002) “The Geography of Intra-Industry Trade: Empirics”. CEPR Discussion Paper No. 3368. Sectoral Specialisation / Geographic Concentration · Arbia, Guiseppe (2000) "Empirics for Regional Convergence and Polarization: The Role of Spatial Dependence". Mimeo, University of Pescara. · Brülhart, Marius (1998) "Trading Places: Industrial Specialisation in the European Union". Journal of Common Market Studies, vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 319-346. · Brülhart, Marius (2001) "Evolving Geographical Specialisation of European Manufacturing Industries". Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, vol. 137, pp. 215-243. · Brülhart, Marius (2001) "Growing Alike or Growing Apart? Industrial Specialisation of EU Countries". In: Charles Wyplosz (ed.) The Impact of EMU on Europe and the Developing Countries, Oxford University Press. · Brülhart, Marius (2006) "The Fading Attraction of Central Regions: An Empirical Note on Core-Periphery Gradients in Western Europe". Spatial Economic Analysis, vol. 1, pp. 227-235. · Brülhart, Marius and Traeger, Rolf (2005) "An Account of Geographic Concentration Patterns in Europe". Regional Science and Urban Economics, vol. 35, pp. 597-624. · Desmet, Klaus and Fafchamps, Marcel (2005) "Changes in the Spatial Concentration of Employment across US Counties: a Sectoral Analysis". Journal of Economic Geography, vol. 5, pp. 261-284. · Desmet, Klaus and Fafchamps, Marcel (2006) "Employment Concentration across US Counties". Regional Science and Urban Economics, vol. 36, pp. 482-509.· Kim, Sukkoo (1995) "Expansion of Markets and the Geographic Distribution of Economic Activities: The Trends in . Regional Manufacturing Structure, 1860-1987". Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 110, pp. 881-908. · Kim, Sukkoo (1998) "Economic Integration and Convergence: US Regions, 1840-1987". Journal of Economic History, vol. 58, pp. 659-683. · Hallet, Martin (2000) "Regional Specialisation and Concentration in the EU". Economic Papers, European Commission Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, No. 141.· Redding, Stephen (2002) "Specialization Dynamics". Journal of International Economics, vol. 58, pp. 299-334. · Storper, Michael; Chen, Yun-chung and De Paolis, Fernando (2002) "Trade and the Location of Industries in the OECD and European Union". Journal of Economic Geography, vol. 2, pp. 73-107. Geographical Clustering of Firms· Devereux, Michael P.; Griffith, Rachel and Simpson, Helen (1999) "The Geographic Distribution of Production Activity in the UK". Institute for Fiscal Studies Working Paper, No. 99/26. · Dumais, Guy; Ellison, Glenn and Glaeser Edward L. (2002) "Geographic Concentration as a Dynamic Process". Review of Economics and Statistics, vol. 84, pp. 193-204. · Duranton, Gilles and Overman, Henry (2005) "Testing for Localisation Using Micro-Geographic Data". Review of Economic Studies, vol. 72, pp. 1077-1106. · Ellison, Glenn and Glaeser, Edward L. (1997) "Geographic Concentration in . Manufacturing Industries: A Dartboard Approach". Journal of Political Economy, vol. 105, pp. 889-927. · Henderson, J. Vernon (2003) "Marshall's Scale Economies". Journal of Urban Economics, vol. 53, pp. 1-28. · Lafourcade, Miren and Mion, Giordano (2007) "Concentration, Agglomeration and the Size of Plants". Regional Science and Urban Economics, vol. 37, pp. 46-68. · Marcon, Eric and Puech, Florence (2002) "Measures of Geographic Concentration of Industries: Improving Distance-Based Methods". Mimeo, University of Paris I. · Maurel, F. and Sédillot, B. (1999) "A Measure of the Geographic Concentration in French Manufacturing Industries". Regional Science and Urban Economics, vol. 29, pp. 575-604. The Gravity Model and Border Effects · Anderson, James A. and van Wincoop, Eric (2003) “Gravity with Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle”. American Economic Review, vol. 93, pp. 170-192.· Baldwin, Richard E. and Taglioni, Daria (2006) “Gravity for Dummies and Dummies for Gravity Equations”. NBER Working Paper, No. 12516. · Br?cker, Johannes (1984) “How Do International Trade Barriers Affect Interregional Trade?” In ?.E. Andersson, W. Isard, and T. Puu (eds) Regional and Industrial Development Theories: Models and Empirical Evidence, Amsterdam: North Holland.· Carrère, Céline (2006) “Revisiting the Effects of Regional Trade Agreements on Trade Flows with Proper Specification of the Gravity Model”. European Economic Review, vol. 50, pp. 223-247. · Head, Keith (2000) "Gravity for Beginners". Mimeo, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. · Head, Keith and Mayer, Thierry (2000) "Non-Europe: The Magnitude and Causes of Market Fragmentation in the EU". Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, vol. 136, pp. 285-314. · Head, Keith and Mayer, Thierry (2002) "Illusory Border Effects: Distance Mismeasurement Inflates Estimates of Home Bias in Trade". CEPII Working Paper, No. 2002-01, Paris. · Helliwell, John F. (1997) "National Borders, Trade and Migration". Pacific Economic Review, vol. 2, pp. 165-185.· McCallum, John (1995) "National Borders Matter: . Regional Trade Patterns". American Economic Review, vol. 85, pp. 615-623. · Rose, Andrew K. (2000) "One Money, One Market: The Effect of Common Currencies on Trade". Economic Policy, vol. 30, pp. 9-45. · Rauch, James E. (1999) "Networks Versus Markets in International Trade". Journal of International Economics, vol. 47, pp. 317-345. · Santos Silva, . and Tenreyro, Silvana (2006) "The Log of Gravity". Review of Economics and Statistics, vol. 88(4), pp. 641-658.· Wei, Shang-Jin (1996) "How Reluctant are Nations in Global Integration?" NBER Working Paper, No. 5531. (download pdf)· Wolf, Holger (2000) "Intra-National Home Bias in Trade" Review of Economics and Statistics, vol. 82, pp. 555-563. (download pdf) Heterogeneous Firms, FDI and Vertical Specialisation· Antràs, Pol (2003) “Firms, Contracts and Trade Structure”. Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 118, pp. 1054-1073. (download pdf) · Baldwin, Richard E. (2005) “Heterogeneous Firms and Trade: Testable and Untestable Properties of the Melitz Model”. NBER Working Papers, No. 11471. (download pdf)3. ANALYTICAL EMPIRICS: TESTING THEORIES Regressing Specialisation on its Determinants · Amiti, Mary (1999) "Specialisation Patterns in Europe". Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, vol. 135, pp. 573-593. (download pdf) Testing Neoclassical Trade Theory: Leontief, Etc. · Bernstein, . and Weinstein, . (2002) "Do Endowments Predict the Location of Production? Evidence from National and International Data". Journal of International Economics, vol. 56, pp. 55-76. (download pdf)· Bowen, H.; Leamer, E. and Sveikauskas, L. (1987) "Multicountry, Multifactor Tests of the Factor Abundance Theory". American Economic Review, vol. 77, pp. 791-809. (download pdf)· Choi, . and Krishna, P. (2004) "The Factor Content of Bilateral Trade: An Empirical Test". Journal of Political Economy, vol. 112, pp. 887-914.· Davis, Donald R. and Weinstein, David E. (2000) "International Trade as an 'Integrated Equilibrium': New Perspectives". American Economic Review (Papers and Proceedings), vol. 90, pp. 150-154. (download pdf) · Davis, Donald R. and Weinstein, David E. (2001) "An Account of Global Factor Trade". American Economic Review, vol. 91, pp. 1423-1453. (download pdf) ·· Schott, Peter K. (2003) "One Size Fits All? Heckscher-Ohlin Specialization in Global Production". American Economic Review, vol. 93, pp. 686-708.· Trefler, Daniel (1995) "The Case of the Missing Trade and Other Mysteries". American Economic Review, vol. 85, pp. 1029-1046. (download pdf) Testing the "New" Trade Theory: The Home-Market Effect, Etc. · Antweiler, Werner and Trefler, Daniel (2002) "Increasing Returns and All That: A View from Trade". American Economic Review, vol. 92, pp. 93-119. (download pdf) · Behrens, K.; Lamorgese, A.; Ottaviano, G. and Tabuchi, T. (2004) "Testing the Home-Market Effect in a Multi-Country World: The Theory". CEPR Working Paper, . (download pdf)· Brülhart, Marius and Trionfetti, Federico (2005) “A Test of Trade Theories When Expenditure Is Home Biased”. CEPR Discussion Paper, No. 5097. (download pdf)· Davis, Donald R. and Weinstein, David E. (1996) "Does Economic Geography Matter for International Specialisation?". NBER Working Paper, No. 5706. (download pdf) · Davis, Donald R. and Weinstein, David E. (1999) "Economic Geography and Regional Production Structure: An Empirical Investigation". European Economic Review, vol. 43, pp. 379-407. (download pdf) · Davis, Donald R. and Weinstein, David E. (2001) “Bones, Bombs and Break Points: The Geography of Economic Activity”. NBER Working Paper, No. 8517. (download pdf)· Davis, Donald R. and Weinstein, David E. (2003) "Market Access, Economic Geography and Comparative Advantage: An Empirical Test". Journal of International Economics, vol. 59, pp. 1-23. (download pdf) · Debaere, Peter (2005) "Monopolistic Competition and Trade, Revisited: Testing the Model without Testing for Gravity". Journal of International Economics, vol. 66, pp. 249-266. (download pdf) · Feenstra, Robert C., Markusen, James A. and Rose, Andrew K. (2001) "Using the Gravity Equation to Differentiate Among Alternative Theories of Trade". Canadian Journal of Economics, vol. 32, pp. 430-447. (download pdf) · Hanson, Gordon and Xiang, Chong (2004) "The Home-Market Effect and Bilateral Trade Patterns", American Economic Review, , pp. 1108-1129. (download pdf)· Head, Keith; Mayer, Thierry and Ries, John (2002) "On the Pervasiveness of Home-Market Effects". Economica, vol. 69, pp. 371-90. (download pdf) · Head, Keith and Ries, John (2001) "Increasing Returns Versus National Product Differentiation as an Explanation of US-Canada Trade". American Economic Review, vol. 91, pp. 858-876. (download pdf) · Hummels, David and Klenow, Peter J. (2006) "The Variety and Quality of a Nation’s Exports". American Economic Review, vol. 95, pp. 704-723. (download pdf) · Hummels, David and Levinsohn, James (1995) "Monopolistic Competition and International Trade: Reconsidering the Evidence". Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 110, pp. 799-836. (download pdf) · Redding, Stephen J. and Sturm, Daniel M. (2009) "The Costs of Remoteness: Evidence from German Division and Reunification". American Economic Review, forthcoming. (download pdf)· Tybout, James (2003) "Plant- and Firm-Level Evidence on 'New' Trade Theories". In Kwan Choi, E. and James Harrigan (eds.), Handbook of International Trade, Oxford: Basil-Blackwell. (download pdf)
基于聚类分析的广西区域经济发展状况研究的论文
【摘要】:本文以广西壮族自治区14个地级市作为研究对象,从地区生产总值、社会消费品零售总额、全社会固定资产投资、公共财政预算收支总额等方面,选取11个具体指标,运用聚类分析方法分析并评价各地级市经济发展状况。研究结果显示,广西14个地级市可划分为四类经济区域,不同城市之间的经济发展水平存在较大差异。在此基础上,从加强各地级市之间的经济合作、积极推动开放型经济发展、强化科技创新以推动产业结构优化升级等方面提出具体建议,为促进广西区域经济的全面发展提供参考。
【关键词】:聚类分析;广西;经济发展;政策建议
一、引言
近年来,随着中国—东盟自由贸易区的建成,中国与东盟各国贸易投资增长,经济融合加深,经贸往来愈加频繁。广西作为中国—东盟自由贸易区的门户省份,加之“一带一路”战略的提出与实施,良好的区位优势和资源环境承载能力,无疑将会为推动广西区域经济的腾飞提供持续的动力和良好的机遇,发展前景十分广阔。但由于历史的原因,加上人口、社会和基础设施等因素的影响,广西的经济发展水平和人均地区生产总值在内陆31个省、市、自治区中仍处于中下水平,与上述提到拥有的区位优势、经济优势是极不相称的。广西下辖的14个地级市经济发展程度和产业结构也存在一定的差异。一直以来,区域经济发展问题都是区域经济学、经济地理学等学科关注和研究的对象,区域经济发展中出现差距,是各国经济发展中存在的普遍现象[1]。如何就广西下辖的14个地级市进行经济发展程度的分析和分类,对于正确认识广西各地级市经济发展所处的发展阶段,制定正确的宏观政策,以促进各地区的良好协调发展具有重要的理论和现实意义。
二、研究区域概况
广西壮族自治区,简称“桂”,首府南宁,位于中国华南地区西部,与广东、湖南等省份接壤,南濒北部湾,面向东南亚,是中国唯一一个沿海自治区,自然条件优越,资源丰富,尤以海洋资源和矿产资源为甚。截至2015年12月,全区辖14个地级市,县级行政区111个,行政区划面积万平方公里。2015年全区总人口为5518万人,地区生产总值亿元,占全国的。人均地区生产总值为39150元。但由于历史的原因,加上人口、社会和基础设施等因素的影响,广西的经济发展水平,无论是地区生产总值还是三大产业结构完善程度等方面,在内陆31个省市中均处于中下水平。区内下辖的14个地级市,经济发展水平和产业结构各异,部分地级市经济发展程度相对滞后。近年来,随着中国—东盟自由贸易区的建成和“一带一路”战略的实施,广西吸引着国内外大量的资本和人力涌入,显现出广阔的发展前景。
三、聚类分析方法研究设计
(一)指标选择及数据来源
区域经济发展状况的研究,依靠单一的指标,是无法对其进行综合、全面的评价与分析的。因此,在对广西区域经济发展水平分析评价的过程中,需要借助多个评价指标,构建合理完善的评价指标体系。本着建立评价指标体系要遵循科学性、系统性、全面性、独立性、可操作性等原则,本文在参考以往文献资料的基础上,根据广西各地级市经济发展状况、人口条件、社会资源等方面的实际情况选取了11个具体指标,分别是:行政区划土地面积(平方公里)、地区生产总值(亿元)、人均地区生产总值(元)、户籍年末总人口(万人)、固定资产投资(亿元,不含农户)、公共财政预算收入(亿元)、公共财政预算支出(亿元)、农民居民人均纯收入(元)、城镇居民人均可支配收入(元)、社会消费品零售总额(亿元)、进出口总额(人民币,万元)。为方便后续各指标数据的处理,分别以X1、X2、X3、X4、X5、X6、X7、X8、X9、X10和X11指代。各指标详细数据均来自《广西统计年鉴2016》和《2015年广西壮族自治区国民经济与社会发展统计公报》。
(二)数据处理
本文利用对反映广西14个地级市经济发展状况的指标进行聚类分析。由上述内容可知,研究所选取的11个指标由于它们原始数据量刚的不同,为防止指标取值的分散程度较大,需对各指标的取值做标准化处理。
各指标数据经过标准化处理后,X2(地区生产总值)与X5(固定资产投资)、X6(公共财政预算收入)、X10(社会消费品零售总额)的相关系数都大于,故而这四个指标不必均作为聚类变量,选择其中一个即可,本文选择X2(地区生产总值)。接着,运用不同的聚类方法进行聚类分析。
(三)结果分析
本文利用对广西14个地级市经济发展状况进行聚类分析,在对选定的11个聚类变量的数据经过标准化处理后,依据结果聚类个数的不同,而相继运用系统聚类和K—均值聚类法进行聚类分析,并得出结果。参考以往文献资料对广西14个地级市经济发展状况的分类,以及广西各地区实际的经济、社会和人口状况,本文认为对广西14个地级市经济发展水平的分类,聚类个数分为四类比较适宜。对于广西14个地级市经济发展水平的分类应为:南宁、北海、钦州为第一类;柳州、桂林、梧州、贵港、玉林、百色、贺州、河池、来宾为第二类;防城港为第三类;崇左为第四类。
由聚类分析结果可知,南宁、北海、钦州为第一类,这三个地级市经济相对发达。南宁是广西的首府,全区的政治、经济、文化、金融和信息中心,经济发展程度高,产业结构相对完整,良好的区位优势、众多的政策支持以及坚实的经济发展基础,使得南宁在多方面的发展都领跑于广西区的其他地级市。北海是全国14个沿海开放城市之一,处于泛北湾经济合作区域结合部的中心位置,便捷、高效的交通设施,众多经济圈的发展福利,以及丰富的海洋资源、繁荣的旅游业,都推动着北海经济社会的快速发展。钦州,南海之滨,北部湾经济区南的中心位置,是大西南最便捷的出海通道,依托于得天独厚的港口优势,大力发展进出口贸易。
柳州、桂林、梧州、贵港、玉林、百色、贺州、河池、来宾为第二类,这9个地级市经济发展水平较高,三大产业结构相对完善,各自依托于自身的经济发展优势,经济发展增速较快。
防城港和崇左分别是第三和第四类。防城港是中国的深水良港,是中国25个沿海主要港口之一,对外贸易额较高,在中国—东盟自由贸易区、泛北部湾区域合作中具有特殊重要的战略地位。崇左位于广西西南部,地理位置相对较差,工业基础薄弱,交通设施落后,虽然资源丰富,但限于人力资源的短板,是广西经济发展较为落后的地级市。
四、结论及政策建议
本文利用对广西14个地级市经济发展状况进行聚类分析,将广西14个地级市经济发展水平分为四类,分别是南宁、北海、钦州为第一类;柳州、桂林、梧州、贵港、玉林、百色、贺州、河池、来宾为第二类;防城港为第三类;崇左为第四类。从聚类分析的结果来看,就如何促进广西区域经济的快速、协调发展,可从以下几个方面着手:
(一)加强各地级市之间的经济合作,增强较发达地区的经济辐射力度
广西各地区经济发展水平差异显著,各自依托的经济发展要素也不尽相同,例如人力资本、环境资源、基础设施完善程度和地理位置等就相差较大。因此,各地区根据自身的条件优势,因地制宜地制定经济发展策略,就显得尤为重要。因地制宜地制定经济发展策略的同时,加强各地级市之间的经济合作,实现资源、信息的共享互通,人力、资金的自由流通,各自取长补短,将为促进各地区的快速、协调发展发挥重要作用。以南宁、桂林和柳州为主的老牌较发达地区,拥有较发达的工业基础、第三产业和相对完善的基础设施,在立足自身优势发展,加强与各地级市之间的经济合作中,要发挥好领头羊的作用,率先做出垂范,积极探索出可供借鉴的合作模式,增强对周边地级市的经济辐射力度,以少带多,以强扶弱,真正促进广西经济发展迈上新台阶。
(二)依托良好的区位优势和叠加的'政策优势,积极推动开放型经济发展
随着经济全球化和区域经济一体化的发展,我国经济和世界经济发展的融合在不断加深,积极推动外向型经济的发展,成为了我国及各地区经济转型升级的关键所在。2015年3月,国家发改委、外交部和商务部联合发布了《推动共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的愿景与行动》,广西借助于自身的区位优势,被纳入国家“一带一路”建设规划,发展开放型经济面临着重大的历史机遇。广西的外向型经济近些年来虽有发展,但整体情况仍不容乐观,相对薄弱的经济基础制约着开放型经济的发展后劲以及支撑开放型经济发展的高级要素也存在不足[2]。借助于“一带一路”战略实施的机遇和叠加密集的国家开发政策,依托沿海、沿江、沿边的区位优势,借鉴东部沿海典型的开放型经济发展模式,例如上海模式和东莞模式,积极推动广西的外向型经济发展,才能快速、协调地完成广西经济的转型升级。
(三)强化科技创新,加速推动产业结构优化升级
科技创新与产业结构优化升级是长期的协调关系,依托于科技创新能有效推动产业结构优化升级。一般来说,产业结构指的是一二三产业所占的比重,产业结构优化升级有两个含义:一个是产业结构合理化,另一个是产业结构高级化,如果第三产业所占的比重越大,那么可以说它的高级化程度越大[3]。未来一段时间,可以从以下几个方面强化科技创新,加速广西产业结构的转型升级:一是加强科技创新方面的改革,建立完善的科技管理协调机制和信息公开机制,优化科技资源配置机制,以统筹科技创新全方位管理;二是加大对科技创新的财政支持,保证各项用于科技创新的资金行使到位;三是优化科技创新体系,不仅要保证建立完善的科技创新管理机制,更要全面扩大科技创新的主体,落实科技创新成果的投入使用。
(四)完善各地区的基础设施建设,大力发展地区特色经济
广西各地区经济发展水平差异显著,相对发达的地区,例如南宁、柳州和桂林等,除主城经济区外,基础设施建设仍不尽完善。河池、百色、崇左等市地处偏远地区,交通不便,基础设施建设更是落后。良好的交通条件、便利的通讯设施、覆盖全面的水利、电力设施等是居民和企业的共同物质基础,更是物质生产和劳动力再生产的重要条件。因此,各地区应把完善基础设施建设放在重要位置,适当扩大社会固定资产投资总量,积极利用本地区丰富的人文资源,打好“侨牌”,让更多拥有广西籍的海外华人华侨参与到广西的经济建设之中,尽快完善基础设施建设,为经济的快速发展提供良好的基础。同时,各地区应找准自身的发展定位,结合地区优势,大力发展地区特色经济。
参考文献:
[1]孟倩.基于主成分分析和聚类分析的山东省区域经济协调发展研究[J].区域经济,2016(1):138-139
[2]李继宏.“一带一路”建设背景下广西开放型经济发展模式及实现路径[J].广西社会科学,2016(4):14-19
[3]徐晓慧.广西科技创新对产业结构升级的影响[J].合作经济与科技,2016(11):19-21
因为是在网吧,只找到3篇文章,如果楼主觉得合适发邮件到我把全文发给你[1]Sornn-Friese, H. and J. S?rensen, Linkage lock-in and regional economic development: the case of the ?resund medi-tech plastics industry. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 2005. 17(4): p. 267-291.[2]Warner, M., Putting Child Care in the Regional Economy: Empirical and Conceptual Challenges and Economic Development Prospects. JOURNAL-COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT SOCIETY, 2006. 37(2): p. 7.[3]André, F., M. Cardenete, and E. Velázquez, Performing an environmental tax reform in a regional economy. A computable general equilibrium approach. The Annals of Regional Science, 2005. 39(2): p. 375-392.
170 浏览 4 回答
344 浏览 5 回答
143 浏览 4 回答
88 浏览 5 回答
153 浏览 4 回答
283 浏览 6 回答
236 浏览 5 回答
214 浏览 6 回答
152 浏览 5 回答
125 浏览 6 回答
177 浏览 6 回答
210 浏览 3 回答
162 浏览 4 回答
268 浏览 2 回答
154 浏览 5 回答