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快速公交系统站点布局优化与设计方法研究摘要快速公交系统（以下简称BRT）站点作为BRT系统重要的组成部分，决定着BRT的运输能力与运营效率。我国目前还处于BRT发展的起步阶段，对BRT站点的相关研究还鲜有涉及。在还未大规模兴建BRT网络之前，对适合我国国情的BRT站点布局优化与设计方法做前瞻性、整体性的研究十分必要。本文以“十五”国家科技攻关课题——“公交专用道信号优先策略与技术研究”为依托，从中、微观层面对BRT站点布局与设计理论和方法两方面展开研究，取得了一系列创新性成果。首先总结研究了国内外BRT规划建设现状，对国内外BRT系统、站点布局、站点设计的理论研究成果进行了全面综述，指出了目前在BRT站点布局和设计研究方面存在的不足，明确了本文的研究方向；在分析BRT站点交通需求特性的基础上，提出了BRT站点在布局和设计方面的关键理论与技术，确定了本文的研究内容。BRT站点布局研究方面，立足于中观层面，基于BRT乘客出行站数的概率分布建立了BRT站距的优化模型，并分析了该模型的部分参变量与最优站距的关系；立足于微观层面，建立了BRT站点设置在交叉口进口道和出口道两种情况下的车辆延误和排队长度模型，改进了站点布设位置的定量评价。BRT站点设计研究方面，研究了三个关键理论问题：在分析BRT车站通行能力影响因素的基础上，首次结合仿真方法完善了BRT车站通行能力计算方法；通过分析BRT车辆进站的物理过程及乘客在站台活动的交通特征，建立了BRT车站泊位数计算模型，并量化了站台长度和宽度的确定；系统地总结了BRT站点与其它交通方式的换乘衔接模式及其要素。最后在总结研究结论的基础上，指出了本文的创新之处，并提出了有待深入研究的内容。本论文初步形成了BRT站点布局和设计相关理论和方法体系，解决了站距优化、站点最佳布设位置确定、通行能力计算、几何尺寸设计及换乘衔接设计等关键技术。论文的研究成果为国内城市开展的BRT规划和设计提供了理论依据和方法指导。关键词：快速公交系统，站点，站距，布设位置，通行能力，优化设计，换乘衔接ABSTRACTAs one of the most crucial components for Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), properly designed BRT stop can significantly improve the capacity and efficiency of the entire system. However, few researches have been done to address research of BRT which are applicable in China. That shows it is very necessary to carry out the insightful and integrative research about issues of optimization layout and design for BRT stop.The dissertation is mainly based on the research achievements of the Key Science-Technology Project of the National “Tenth Five-Year-Plan”. The dissertation has carried out the study on the layout and design theory of BRT stop from mesoscopic level and microscopic level. A series of creative research achievements have been fulfilled in some aspects.Firstly, this thesis made a systematic literature review of the studies within the area of BRT, stop layout and design. Deficiencies and potential improvements for previous researches were presented. Based on the above analyses, the main study issues were put forward. Through the analysis of traffic characteristics of BRT stop, critical research methodologies and techniques of layout and design for BRT stop were proposed.In the area of BRT stop layout, this study addressed the optimal stop layout problem from the perspective of two levels. At the mesoscopic level, this research developed an optimal BRT stop spacing model based on the probabilistic distribution of the trip across different stops, and the interrelations between those affecting factors and the optimal stop spacing were fully investigated. At the microscopic level, this study proposed the delay and queuing models for the BRT stops when located on the nearside and farside. The quantitative approach for evaluating the BRT stop location was also improved in this research.In the area of BRT stop design, three key theoretical issues were detailed in this study. A simulation-based BRT stop capacity model was presented first with the consideration of all the potential affecting factors. Then, based on the analyses of the physical characteristics of vehicles and the interactions between passengers, a BRT berth estimation model was developed and the width and length design of stop were quantified. Finally, this research made a systematically summary of the transfer patterns between the BRT stops and other transportation modes.In the end, conclusions were drawn and critical contributions as well as future researches were given.This dissertation is focused to provide theoretical as well as practical decision tools for public transportation agencies in China in terms of the following key technical aspects of the BRT stop: stop spacing optimization, location optimization, stop capacity, geometry design and transfer management.Key Words: Bus Rapid Transit, Stop, Stop Spacing, Stop Location, Stop Capacity, Optimization Design, Transfer