写美国节日的论文参考文献

Christmas is an annual holiday celebrated on December 25 that honors the birth of Jesus of Nazareth. The day marks the beginning of the larger season of Christmastide, which lasts twelve days.The nativity of Jesus, which is the basis for the anno Domini system of dating, is thought to have occurred between 7 and 2 BC. December 25 is not thought to be Jesus' actual date of birth, and the date may have been chosen to correspond with either a Roman festival, or with the winter solstice.Modern customs of the holiday include gift-giving, church celebrations, and the display of various decorations—including the Christmas tree, lights, mistletoe, nativity scenes and holly. Santa Claus (also referred to as Father Christmas, although the two figures have different origins) is a popular mythological figure often associated with bringing gifts at Christmas. Santa is generally believed to be the result of a syncretization between Saint Nicholas and elements from pagan Nordic and Christian mythology, and his modern appearance is believed to have originated in 19th century media.Christmas is celebrated throughout the Christian population, but is also celebrated by many non-Christians as a secular, cultural festival. Because gift-giving and several other aspects of the holiday involve heightened economic activity among both Christians and non-Christians, Christmas has become a major event for many retailers.

中国的传统节日是由民间约定俗成的，是广大人民大众集体创造的文化产品。中国文化“贵人伦，重亲情”，所以，节日里具有浓厚的家庭伦理色彩。几乎所有的节日都有祭祖活动，而除夕守岁，清明祭祖扫墓，七夕乞巧，中秋赏月，重阳登高都是以家庭为核心，以合家团圆为主题进行的。中国文化中有很大的一部分是农业文化，中国传统节日以二十四节气日为线索，反映农业生产的节奏和气候变化的规律。总之，从中国传统节日里可以看出中国文化对它们影响之深。西方传统节日与中国传统节日有很大的不同，它通常大部分受宗教的影响。这些节日都隆重纪念最有意义或最受尊敬人物的日子。在西方文化中，不像中国文化那样重视人与人的关系，也重视人与自然的关系，它主要体现了一种“二元对立”的精神。所以这种观念就体现在节日中，在节日中并没有体现人与自然的农业精神，也没有体现人与人的家庭伦理。还有一个就是西方文化中宗教占了一部分，所以大部分节日中都有宗教色彩。

文从节日文化这个角度对中西文化做了介绍及比较，说明了节日文化是社会文化的一个重要方面，不同的社会结构，意识形态，价值观念都可以形成不同的节 参考文献 ⑴ Lineal Davis. Cross-Culture Communication[M]，Foreign Language Education and Research Press. 2005⑵ 周叔麟. C.W.Pollard June Almes. 新编英美概况教程[M]，北京大学出版社，2004 ⑶ 程裕祯. 中国文化要略[M].外语教学与研究出版社，1998 ⑷ 姜守明. 洪霞，中西文化史[M].科学出版社，2004 ⑸ 李露露. 中国节[M].福建人民出版社，2005 ⑹ 李念培. 孙正达.英国[M].世界知识出版社，1988 ⑺ 王娟. 民俗学概论[M].北京大学出版社，2002⑻ 徐行言. 中西文化比较[M].北京大学出版社，2004