英语语法填空研究论文

科学研究是对新知识的探求。创造性是科学研究的生命。学术论文的创造性在于作者要有自己独到的见解，能提出新的观点、新的理论。这是因为科学的本性就是“革命的和非正统的”，“科学方法主要是发现新现象、制定新理论的一种手段，旧的科学理论就必然会不断地为新理论推翻。”（斯蒂芬·梅森）因此，没有创造性，学术论文就没有科学价值。学术论文在形式上是属于议论文的，但它与一般议论文不同，它必须是有自己的理论系统的，不能只是材料的罗列，应对大量的事实、材料进行分析、研究，使感性认识上升到理性认识。一般来说，学术论文具有论证色彩，或具有论辩色彩。论文的内容必须符合历史唯物主义和唯物辩证法，符合“实事求是”、“有的放矢”、“既分析又综合” 的科学研究方法。

语法填空是近年来高考英语科新推出的一种题型，这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。本人就这两种情况进行了深入的研究，总结出十三条语法填空的解题技巧。一、已给单词提示题型的技巧此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。技巧一：名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。例1：There are many students living at school, the＿＿(child)houses are all far from school.由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式——复数的所有格ehildren's。技巧二：动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化（时态、语态、语气），有非谓语的变化（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）。例2：Atalk＿＿(give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.句中的is是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。技巧三：代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词（主格和宾格）、物主代词（形容词性和名词性）、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one/none、other/another等。例3：The king decided to see the painter by＿＿(he).由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀-er和-est，或在词前加more/less和most/least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。例4：I am＿＿(tall)than Liu Wen. He is the tallest students in my class.此题后句交代了Liu Wen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。技巧五：数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀-teen、-ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one/two的特殊变化形式once/twice。例5：To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses. My eldest son shall take a half, my second son shall take a＿＿(three)...从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填人作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。技巧六：词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。例6：Lious lost his wallet yesterday, so he was very＿＿(happiness).在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词，由此可知将happiness还原成词根happy；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un-，就成了unhappy。二、未给单词提示题型的技巧此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。技巧七：固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。例7：The children were playing on the ground, enjoying＿＿,dirty but happy.从句中的happy可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjoy oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。例8：His boss was＿＿angry as to fire him.如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so...as to，所以，so是正解。技巧八：从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。例9：He did not do＿＿his father had asked him to do.审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从句中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。例10: Those＿＿want to go to the village must sign here.经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who。技巧九：短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。例11：The US consists＿＿fifty states.根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由……组成”，所以答案是of。例12：Mrs Baker was ill, so her daughter had to ask for leave to take＿＿of her.生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成take care of。技巧十：短语介词结构。短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如：except for, due to等。例13：Mr Smith took a plane to London＿＿of taking a train.此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead of。例14：Just then, he saw a blackboard in＿＿of him.细心观察，可以看出填入front即可构成in front of，此题得解。技巧十一：连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有and, or, but, so, for, while等，常用的关联短语有both...and, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also等。例15：Little Wang Jun could not go to school, ＿＿his family was too poor.此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。例16：＿＿Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre.横线处的词与后面可以构成both...and，故答案为Both。技巧十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等，但一般不会考查-ly形式的方式副词（见技巧六——形容词派生副词的情况）。例17：Jackie likes to drive at＿＿high speed.这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。例18：Old Tom's grand-danghter used to visit him＿＿Saturday afternoon.Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解。例19：Though Liu Qiang did the same work＿＿Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay＿＿Zhang 第一条横线可由前面的the sanle判断出用as，第二条横线则可由lower判断出比较意义，故答案为than。例20：It was only one day left,＿＿,his father had no idea to answer him.观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是however。技巧十三：上下文中出现的相关词。这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文；关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的，地方——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。例21：Tony＿＿travelling abroad, but dislikes staying home watching TV.由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。语法填空作为一种新颖的题型，能全面地考查学生的英语综合应用能力。上述十三条技巧概括了此题型的多数考查方向，在高考备考复习中能起到很好的加强作用，真正做到事半功倍，较大地提高学生在此题型上的得分率。希望能帮到你。

在高考英语试题中,有一道大题叫做完形填空或短文填空,英语称为Cloze或Cloze Test。我精心收集了高中英语短文语法填空，供大家欣赏学习!

A：Welcome to the Zhoukoudian caves here in China.It is 61._____ great pleasure to meet you students from England，who are interested in archaeology.You must be aware that it’s here 62._____ we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.We’ve been excavating here for many years and...

S1：I’m sorry 63._____ (interrupt) you but how could they live here? There are only rocks and trees.

A：Good questions.You are an acute 64._____(observe).We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects.So we think it is 65._____(reason) to assume they lived in these caves，regardless of the cold.

S2：How did they keep warm? They couldn’t have mats，blankets or quilts like we do.It must have been very uncomfortable.

A：We’ve discovered fireplaces in the center of the caves 66._____ they made fires.That would have kept them warm，cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well.We have been excavating layers of ash almost six meters thick，which 67._____(suggest) that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.We haven’t found any doors but we think they might have 68._____(hang) animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold 69._____ the freezing winter.

S3：70._____ wild animals were there all that time ago?

A：Well，we’ve been finding the bones of tigers and bears in the caves，and we think these were their most dangerous enemies.Now what do you think this tells us about the life of these early people?

答案及剖析：

61.a考查冠词。句意：这次遇到来自英国的学生是件高兴的事，故用a。

62.that考查强调句。句意：你必须意识到就是在这里，我们发现早期人类的证据。由句意可知是强调句型，故应填that。

63.to interrupt考查固定搭配。be sorry to do...非常抱歉做……

64.observer考查名词。此处用observe的名词形式observer。

65.reasonable考查形容词。It is adj. to do sth.为常用结构。

66.where考查定语从句。fireplaces作先行词，定语从句缺少地点状语，故选where。

67.suggests考查动词的时态。表示客观事实，用一般现在时。

68.hung考查动词形式。根据might have可知应用过去分词形式。

69.during/in考查介词。during/in the freezing winter在寒冷的冬天。

70.What考查特殊疑问词。根据下文提到we’ve been finding the bones of tigers and bears in the caves，and we think these were their most dangerous enemies可知在问这些野生动物是什么?

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Betty：Hi，Victor.I heard you’ve got a part-time 61._____.

Victor：No，I wish I had.I’m still 62._____ the waiting list.

Betty：Seems like it’s 63._____ to get a good part-time job these days.

Victor：You bet.The unemployment figures are up again this month.

Betty：Don’t be 64._____ negative.Look at the jobs in the classifieds in today’s newspaper...so many openings.Just print out your resume and send 65._____ to them.

Victor：I usually apply online.I send a short cover letter in the text of my e-mail and then attach my resume.What about you，Betty?

Betty：Well，I haven’t even started 66._____ (plan) to look for a job yet.I didn’t get good grades last term 67._____I bombed on two tests.

Victor：Was it because you didn’t suck up (奉承) to your teachers?

Betty：No，the teachers are very 68._____ (help).The main reason，I guess，was that I haven’t gotten accustomed to the way of learning here.In my country，we are used to 69._____ (learn)through memorization (死记硬背).Here，we 70._____ (teach) to think for ourselves.I’m working hard to adjust，and I’m catching up.

语篇导读：这是一篇有关求职艰难的对话。贝蒂关切地询问维克多找工作的情况，维克多说没有找到，他对就业市场也不乐观，而贝蒂则还没有打算去就业的计划，她还想继续自己的学业。

答案及剖析：

61.job考查名词。由全篇语境和下文的a good part-time job即可分析，此处该是名词job。

62.on考查介词。根据语境和句式结构分析，此处该填入介词on，构成on the waiting list搭配，即表示“在候补名单上”。

63.hard/difficult考查形容词。由上文的语境No，I wish I had.和下文的The unemployment figures are up again this month.即可分析，此句句意：看样子如今找一份兼职工作很艰难。故填入形容词hard或difficult。

64.so/that考查副词。结合上下文语境，贝蒂是在安慰维克多，句意：不要那么悲观。形容词negative被副词so修饰，也可由相当于so的that修饰。

65.it考查人称代词。根据语境分析，此处即填入指代your resume的人称代词it。

66.planning/to plan考查非谓语动词。根据语境和句式结构分析，此处该用非谓语动词作宾语，即构成start doing或start to do，意即“开始做某事”或“开始去做某事”。故填入planning或to plan。

67.because考查连词。根据I didn’t get good grades last term分析，造成此结果的原因是“我两门考试考砸了”，即I bombed on two tests.是原因，故用because引导原因状语从句。

68.helpful考查形容词。由回答语No即可分析，老师是不要奉承的，而且很给我提供帮助。结合空格前面的very即可分析，此处该是名词help的形容词helpful。

69.learning考查动名词。根据语境分析，此处该用be used to doing sth.，即表示“习惯于……”，符合语境。

70.are taught考查被动语态。根据语境分析，In my country我们习惯于死记硬背，而Here，(老师)教我们自己思考。即主语we和teach之间存在动宾关系，故用被动语态。陈述的都是一般的事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态，即are taught。

Once there lived a rich man 31 wanted to do something for the people of his town. 32 first he wanted to find out whether they deserved his help.

In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed 33 very large stone. Then he 34 (hide ) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow.

“Who put this stone in the centre of the road?” said the old man, but he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way. 35 man came along and did the same thing; then another came ,and another. All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove 36 . Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, 37 (say) to himself: “The night 38 (be) very dark. Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.”

Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his 39 (strong) to move it. How great was his surprise at last! 40 the stone, he found a bag of money.

第二节 语法填空

31. who 32. But 33. a 34. hid 35. Another 36. it 37. saying 38. will be 39. strength 40. Under

不可能代替你写论文的，给你个提纲，参考一下吧：一、浏览全文 把握语篇浏览全文的目的是把握其大意，为下一步“填空”做好“语义”上的准备，因为“语义”决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。在通读全文的过程中，为较好地把握其大意，很有必要弄清该文的体裁、题材(语题)、中心思想、写作主线、段落大意、段落层次等。这些有利于考生真正读懂全文大意，也有利于在“填空”时进行必要的逻辑推理。二、边读边填 先易后难在通读全文，基本了解文章大意之后，就可以动手填空了。填空的过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语义”(已给出词语的除外)和正确的语法“形式”的思维过程。遇到一时想不起来的空，先跳过去，等检查时再仔细对付，不要用太多的时间停留 在一个单词上。 三、验证复查 清除难点 有时间的话，进行复查是必要的。复查的方法是：将所有答案“填进”短文并进行通读，以最后确定答案。