如何写经济学英文论文参考文献

英文参考文献引用格式有两种：APA格式和MLA格式。

1、APA格式：APA（American Psychological Association）是一种标明参考来源的格式，主要使用在社会科学领域及其他学术准则中，国内很多期刊也是采用的APA格式。

APA文内注的参考文献格式是：“（作者姓氏，发表年份）”。

APA文末的参考文献目录格式是：Reference List, 必须以姓（Family name）的字母顺序来排列，基本结构为：

期刊类：【作者】【发表年份】【文章名】【期刊名】【卷号/期数：起止页码】Smith,J.（2006）.The title of the title of Journal,1,101-105。

非期刊类：【作者】【发表年份】【书籍名】【出版地：出版社】.（2002）.What computers can't York:Harp&Row。

2、MLA格式：MLA是美国现代语言协会（Modern Language Association）制定的论文指导格式，多用于人文学科（Liberal Arts）。

MLA文内注的基本格式：“（作者姓氏，文献页码）”。

MLA文末的参考文献目录格式：在MLA格式中称为Works Cited,同样是以姓（Family name）的字母顺序来排列，基本结构为：

期刊类：【作者】【“文章名”】【期刊名】【卷号或期数】【发表年份】起止页码】Nwezeh,.“The Comparative Approachto Modern African Literature.”Year book of General and Comparative Literature 28(1979):22。

非期刊类：【作者】【书籍名】【出版地：出版社】【发表年份】Winfield,Richard in Civil of Wisconsin P,1995。

文献引用不符合要求具体表现是：

1、所列文献范围过宽，凡所参阅过的均列出其中，如教材、内部刊物、获奖过但并未公开发表的成果报告等。

2、所列文献过多，如有些医生认为文献越多越好，将参阅过的文章书籍后的参考文献也悉数收录，有些文献作者并没有亲自阅读，只是认为跟自己的文章搭点边，也凑数其后。

3、所列文献过少，有些医生怕自己文章引述别人东西太多，被人认为抄袭，故意将一些重要参考文献略去。

4、对文献的理解偏面，以为只有引用文献原文才需要列出。

5、大而不当，将整期刊物甚至连续几期杂志或整张报纸作为参考文献。

什么时间要？

外文参考文献的写法

在学习和工作的日常里，大家都不可避免地会接触到论文吧，论文可以推广经验，交流认识。你写论文时总是无从下笔？下面是我帮大家整理的外文参考文献的写法论文，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。不同的参考文献，引用和标注的格式要求是不一样的，特别是对于英文参考文献来说，格式不对，很容易影响整篇论文的质量和查重率，下面是我整理的外文参考文献的写法，欢迎大家阅览。

单一作者著作的书籍：

姓，名字首字母.(年). 书名(斜体). 出版社所在城市：出版社.

Sheril, R. D. (1956). The terrifying future: Contemplating color television. San Diego: Halstead.

两位作者以上合著的书籍：

姓，名字首字母., & 姓，名字首字母.(年). 书名(斜体). 出版社所在城市：出版社. Smith, J., & Peter, Q. (1992). Hairball: An intensive peek behind the surface of an enigma. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University Press. 文集中的文章：

Mcdonalds, A. (1993). Practical methods for the apprehension and sustained containment of supernatural entities. In G. L. Yeager (Ed.), Paranormal and occult studies: Case studies in application (pp. 42–64). London: OtherWorld Books. 期刊中的文章(非连续页码)：

Crackton, P. (1987). The Loonie: God's long-awaited gift to colourful pocket change? Canadian Change, 64(7), 34–37.

期刊中的文章(连续页码)：

姓，名字首字母.(年). 题目. 期刊名(斜体). 第几期，页码.

Rottweiler, F. T., & Beauchemin, J. L. (1987). Detroit and Narnia: Two foes on the brink of destruction. Canadian/American Studies Journal, 54, 66–146.

月刊杂志中的文章：

Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.

[1] Andrea H. Creating ‘buzz’：opportunities and limitations of social media for arts institutions and their viral marketing, International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing,2012; 17(3), 173-182.

[2] Andreas M. K，Michael hearts in three-quarter time: How to waltz the social media/viral marketing horizons，2011,54(3)，253-263.

[3] Angela D.,David T.. Controlled infection! Spreading the brand message through viral marketing. Business Horizons. 2005,3(48).143-149,

[4] Bowman D.，Narayandas D.. Managing customerinitiated contacts with manufacturers: The impact on share of category requirements and word-of-mouth behavior Journal of Marketing Research, 2001，38(3),281-297.

[5] Brown J. J., Reingen P. H.. Social ties and word-of-mouth referral behavior. The Journal of Consumer Research, 1987,14(3),350—362，

[6] Carmen C. Social and attitudinal determinants of viral marketing dynamics. Computers in Human Behavior，2011,27(6)，2292-2300.

[7] Douglas Virus. New York;Ballantine Books，1994,3-16.

[8] Ennew C.，Banerjee A.. Li D..Managing Word of mouth communication: empirical Journal of Bank Marketing, 2000,18(2).75-83.

[9] Goldenberg J.，Libai B., Muller E.. Talk of the network: A complex systems look at the underlying process of word-of-mouth. Marketing Letters, 2001, 3(12).211-223.

[10] Hinz, 01iver, Strategies for Viral Marketing: An Empirical Comparison. Journal of Marketing,2011,75(6),55-72,

[11] Ho Jason ., marketing: Motivations to forward online of Business Research?2010,63(9-10), 1000-1006.

[12] Hoedemaekers, marketing and imaginary ethics, or the joke that goes too far. Psychoanalysis, Culture & Society,2011,16(2),162-178.

[13] Jinshuang L.. Scalable Influence Maximization in Social Networks Using theCommunity Discovery Algorithm. Genetic and Evolutionary Computing(1CGEC), 2012 Sixth International Conference (25),284-287.

[14] Judith C. Dina M.. The effect of word of mouth on sales: Online book of Marketing . 43(3).345-356.

[15] Jure L, Lada A. A, Bernardo A. H. The dynamics of viral marketing. In ACMconference on Electronic Commerce，2006，pages 228-237.

[16] Joseph E. ,Regina L..Viral Marketing or Electronic Word-of-Mouth Advertising:Examining Consumer Responses and Motivations to Pass Along Email. Journalof Advertising Research,2004,12(44),333-348.

[17] Lucy H..Viral Marketing: Share index is measure of a viral's success，MarketingWeek,2010,5(4)，24-32.

[18] M. J. S"Game Plan For Viral Marketing. Meetings and Conventions,2010,45(6),41-53.

[19] Malcolm G. The Tipping Point. New York： Little,Brown and Company，2000,5-20.

[20] Mani R. S.，Balaji R. Knowledge-sharing and influence in online social networksvia viral marketing. Communications of the ACM, 2003，46(12)，300—307.

[21] Matt art of buzz; Viral marketing agency knows how to get a lot ofattention. National Post,2011,FP4.

[22] McConnell， Michael.'Viral' marketing's power - and time ，2011，80(6),5-20.

[23] Michalski, Radoslaw J.. Negative Effects of Incentivised Viral Campaigns for Activity in Social Networks. Cloud and Green Computing(CGC).2012,11(1-3),391-398.

[24] Palka, word-of-mouth - A grounded theory of mobile viralmarketing. Information Technology Journal,(2), 172-185.

[25] Pandit S.，Yang Y..Maximizing Information Spread through Influence Structuresin Social Networks. Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW), 2012 IEEE 12thInternational Conference on. 2012,12(10),258-265.

[26] Raei H. A New Algorithm for Positive Influence Dominating Set in SocialNetworks. Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (AS ON AM), 2012IEEE/ACM International Conference (26),253-257.

[27] Ralph . The Six Simple Principles of Viral Marketing. 2005-02-01.

[28] Scott, David M. The New Rules of Marketing and PR: How to Use NewsReleases, Blogs, Podcasting，Viral Marketing and Online Media to Reach BuyersDirectly, John Wiley &

[29] Sabrina H. Viral marketing-establishing customer relationships by 'word-of-mouse'. Electronic Markets，2000,10(3),158-161.

[30] Shapiro,Michael J.. Building Buzz:How Viral Marketing Promotes and Conventions,201045(6).36-42.

[31] Watts D., Peretti J.. Viral marketing for the Real Word. Harvard BusinessReview,2007,10(1),22-23.

[32] Wonyeol L.. CT-IC: Continuously Activated and Time-Restricted Independent Cascade Model for Viral Marketing. Data Mining (ICDM)，2012 IEEE 12thInternational Conference on. 2012,12(10),960-965.

一、论文正文引用之处用圆括号作夹注，基本格式为“（作者，发表年份）”，同时将该引文详细信息列明在参考文献内。夹注中包含多篇文献时，各作者之间用分号隔开。

二、参考文献类型以字母方式标识：期刊J，专著M，报纸N，学位论文D，论文集C，报告R，标准S，专利P，数据库DB，计算机程序CP，电子公告EB。

三、电子文献的载体类型采用双字母表示：磁带MT，磁盘DK，光盘CD，联机网络OL。以纸张为载体的传统文献在引用时不必注明其载体类型。

四、参考文献列于文末，以“参考文献：”作为标志，先中文后外文，中文按照拼音前若干字母在字母表中的顺序排列；英文按单词前若干字母在字母表中的顺序排列。参考文献请标明序号，用数字加方括号表示，如“［1］［2］［3］”。

五、对于文献有多位作者的`，只标明前三位作者，以“,”分隔，从第四位开始用“等”或者“et al.”代替。

六、外文参考文献格式与中文参考文献相同，标题的首字母及各个实词的首字母大写。

七、各类参考文献条目的具体编排格式及示例如下：

1.期刊：

[序号]作者．文章标题[J]．刊名，年，卷(期)：起止页码．

[1]刘明辉，张宜霞．内部控制的经济学思考[J]．会计研究，2002，(8)：51-53．

[1] KANAMORI H．Shaking without Quaking[J].Science,2002,15(1):12-17.

2.专著：

[序号]著者．书名[M]．出版地：出版者，出版年：起止页码．

[2]张维迎．博弈论与信息经济学[M]．上海：上海人民出版社，1996：15-18．

[2]JONES R M. Mechanics of Composite Materials[M].New York: McGraw Hill Book Company, 1975.

3.报纸：

[序号]作者．文章标题[N]．报纸名，出版日期(版次)．

[3]陈毓圭．修订完善审计准则 保持持续全面国际趋同[N]．上海证券报，2010-9-20(10)．

[3]GUO Ai-bing. Auto Show Revs up Customers' Desire[N].China Daily,2002-06-07(1).

4.学位论文：

[序号]作者．文章标题[D]．地点：单位，年．

[4]朱刚.新型流体有限元法及叶轮机械正反混合问题[D]．北京：清华大学，1996．

[4]Sun Study of Helicopter Rotor Aerodynamics in Ground Effect[D]．Princeton：Princeton University，1983．

5.论文集析出文献：

[序号]作者．文章标题[C]//编者．文集名．出版地：出版者，出版年：起止页码．

[5]张佑才.繁荣会计理论研究促进会计事业发展[C]//中国会计学会．1996年会计学论文集．北京：中国财政经济出版社，1997：537-548．

[5]Hunninghaks G W，Gadek J B，Szapiel S V，et al．The Human Alveolar Macrophage[C]//Harris C C．Cultured Human Cells and Issues in Biomedical Research．New York：Academic Press，1980：54-56.

6.电子文献：

对于非纸张型载体的电子文献，当被引用为参考文献时需在参考文献类型标志中同时标明其载体类型［文献类型标志/载体类型标志］，如“［J/OL］”。对于载体为“OL”的文献，还应标明发表或更新日期（加圆括号，有出版年的文献可不选此项）、引用日期和网址。

[序号]作者．文章标题［文献类型标志/载体类型标志］．（发表或更新日期）［引用日期］．网址．

[6]王军.振奋精神 潜心研究 大力推进会计理论研究的繁荣与发展[R/OL].（2005-01-08）［2006-11-12]. .

[6]CHRISTINE M. Plant Physiology: Plant Biology in the Genome Era[J/OL].Science(S0036-8075),1998,281:331-332[1998-09-23].

英文论文写作参考文献

参考文献是文章或著作等写作过程中参考过的文献，文后参考文献是指为撰写或编辑论文和著作而引用的有关文献信息资源。

[1]AgranoflF, R. and Michael,M., 2003,“Collaborative Public Management; New Stiategies for Local Governments”, Geo^etown University Press,Washington,D. C.

[2]Aguinis, H. and Glavas, A., 2012, “What We Know and Don't Know About Corporate Social Responsibility: A Review and Research Agenda”,Journal of Management, 38(4)，pp. 932-968.

[3]Altman, E.,1998' “Financial Ratio,Discriminant Analysis and the Prediction of Corporate Banlruptcy”? Journal of Finance, 23(4)，pp. 589-609.

[4]Arenas, D.,Lozano,J. M. and Albareda,L.,2009,“The role ofNGOs in CSR:Mutual Perceptions Among Stakeholders”, Journal of Business Ethics,88,pp. 175-197.

[5]Aupperie, K., Carroll, A. and Hatfield,J.,1985,“An Empirical Examination of the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Profitability”,Academy of Management Journal, 28(2)， pp. 446-463.

[6]Austin, J. E.,2000,“Strategic collaboration between nonprofits between businesses”, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 29(1)， pp. 69-97.

[7]Baron,D. R, 1997,Integrated strategy* trade Policy, and global competition'California Management Review? 39(2)， pp. 145-169.

[8]Baron,R. A., 2006, “Opportunity Recognition as the Detection of Meaningful Patterns: Evidence from Comparisons of Novice and Experienced Entrepreneurs”?Management Science, 9,pp. 1331-1344.

[9]Baiy, A. D?,1879,: “Die Erscheinung der Symbiose”, Strasbourg.

[10] Kotha, B. ., 1999,“Does Stakeholder Orientation Matter? The Relationship Between Stakeholder Management Models and Firm Performance”. Academy ofManagement Jounal, 42,pp. 488-506.

[11]Binghamf C. B. and Davis,J. P.,2012, “Learning Sequences: Their Emeigence? Evolution and Effect”. Academy of Management Journal 55(3)， pp. 611-641.

[12]Blumer, H. , 1980, “Mead and Blumer : The Convei^ent Methodological Perspectives of Social Behaviorism and Symbolic Interactionism”,AmericanSociological Review, 45,pp. 409-419.

[13]Bondy,K.,2008,“The Paradox of Power in CSR : A Case Study on Implementation”. Journal of Business Ethics? 82(2)，pp. 307-323.

[14]Bowen, F.,Aloysius. N. K. and Herremans,I.,2010,“When Suits Meet Roots:The Antecedents and Consequences of Community Engagement Strategy”, Journal of Business Ethics, 95,pp. 297-318 ?

[15]Brammer,S, and Millington,A., 2003, “The Effect of Stakeholder Preferences >Organizational Structure and Industry Type on Corporate Community Involvement”,Journal of Business Ethics,45(3)? pp. 213-226.

[16]Bridoux, F. and Stoelhorst, J. W.,2014, “Microfoundations for Stakeholder Theoiy : Managing Stakeholders with Heterogeneous Motives” , Strategic Management Joumah 35, pp. 107-125

[17]Bryson, J. M., Crosby, B. C, and Stone? M. M.,2006, “The Design and Implementation of Cross-Sector Collaborations: Propositions from the Literature”,Public Administration Review, 66(sl)。

[18]Carey, J. M.,Beilin, R., Boxshall,A.,Burgman M. A. and Flander , “Risk-Based Approaches to Deal with Uncertainty in a Data-Poor System:Stakeholder Involvement in Hazard Identification for Marine National Parks and Marine Sanctuaries in Victoria,Australia”, Risk Analysis: An International Journal,27(1)，pp. 271-281,

[19]Carroll> A. B., 1979, “A TTiree-Dimensional conceptual Model of Corporate Performance”. Academy of Management Review, 4(4)， pp. 497-505.

[20] Carroll, A. B?,1991,“The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility: Toward the Moral Management of Organizational Stakeholders”. Business Horizons,34(4)，pp. 39-48.

[1] Zhixin W, Chuanwen J, Qian A, et al. The key technology of offshore wind farm and its new development in China[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2009, 13(1)：216-222.

[2] Shahir H, Pak A. Estimating liquefaction-induced settlement of shallow foundations by numerical approach[J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 2010, 37(3)： 267-279.

[3] Hausler EA. Influence of ground improvement on settlement and liquefaction:a study based on field case history evidence and dynamic geotechnicalcentrifuge tests. PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley; 2002.

[4] Kemal Hac efendio lu. Stochastic seismic response analysis of offshore wind turbine including fluid‐structure‐soil interaction[J]. Struct. Design Tall Spec. Build.,2010,

[5] Arablouei A, Gharabaghi A R M, Ghalandarzadeh A, et al. Effects of seawater–structure–soil interaction on seismic performance of caisson-type quay wall[J]. Computers &Structures, 2011, 89(23)： 2439-2459.

[6] Zafeirakos A, Gerolymos N. On the seismic response of under-designed caisson foundations[J]. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2013: 1-36.

[7] Snyder B, Kaiser M J. Ecological and economic cost-benefit analysis of offshore wind energy[J]. Renewable Energy, 2009, 34(6)： 1567-1578.

[8] Ding H, Qi L, Du X. Estimating soil liquefaction in ice-induced vibration of bucket foundation[J]. Journal of cold regions engineering, 2003, 17(2)： 60-67.

[9] Shooshpasha I, Bagheri M. The effects of surcharge on liquefaction resistance of silty sand[J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2012: 1-7.

[10] Bhattacharya S, Adhikari S. Experimental validation of soil–structure interaction of offshore wind turbines[J]. Soil dynamics and earthquake engineering, 2011, 31(5)： 805-816.

[11] H. Bolton Seed, Izzat M. Idriss. Simplified procedure for evaluating soilliquafaction potential. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division. 1971,97(9)： 1249-1273

[12] W. D. Liam Finn, Geoffrey , Kwok . An effective stress model for liquefaction. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, 1977, 103(6)：517-533

[13] liquefaction and Cyclic Mobility Evolution for Level Ground During Earthquakes, J of the Geotechnical Engineering Division ASCE , 1979,

[14] and Cyclic Deformation of Sands-A Critical Review,Proceedings of the Fifth Pan American Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Buenos Aires,Argentina,1975.

[1] T. Paulay and J. R. Binney. Diagonally Reinforced coupling beams of shear Walls[S].ACI Special Publication 42, Detroit, 1974, 2: 579-598

[2] Lam WY, Su R K L, Pam H J. Experimental study of plate-reinforced composite deep coupling beams[J]. Structural Design Tall Special Building, 2009(18)： 235-257

[3] ACI 318-02: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete, ACI318R-02:Commentary, An ACI Standard, reported by ACI Com-mittee318, American Concete Institute, 2002

[4] Siu W H, Su R K L. Effects of plastic hinges on partial interaction behaviour of bolted side-plated beams[J]. Journal of Construction Steel Research, 2010, 66(5)：622-633

[5] Xie Q. State of the art of buckling-restrained braces inAsia[J]. Journal of Construction Steel Research, 2005, 61(6)：727-748

[6] Kim J,Chou H. Behavior and design of structures with buckling-restrained braces[J].Structural Engineering, 2004,26(6)：693-706

[7] Tsai K C, Lai J W. A study of buckling restrained seismic braced frame[J].Structural Engineering, Chinese Society of Structural Engineering, 2002, 17(2)：3-32

[8] Patrick J. Fortney, Bahrem M. Shahrooz, Gian A. Rassati. Large-Scale Testing of a Replaceable “Fuse” Steel Coupling Beam[J]. Journal of Structural 2007:1801-1807

[9] Qihong Zhao. Cyclic Behavior of traditional and Innovative Composite Shear Walls[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, Feb. 2004:271-284