热能与动力的毕业论文

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近二十年来，以振动为主要原因造成的恶性事故相继发生，给国家造成了巨大经济损失。而且，振动问题目前仍是新投运大机组不能按期并网、正常投运的主要原因，在机组正常运行期间，振动问题连续不断，影响到正常生产，经常出现机组减负荷和带病运行的情况，甚至使机组被迫停机处理，这些事故屡见不鲜。本系统基于LabVIEW虚拟仪器软件平台，对汽轮机振动信号进行读取加窗，并进行谱分析及自相关分析。LabVIEW虚拟仪器就是在以通用计算机为核心的硬件平台上，由用户设计定义、具有虚拟前面板、测试功能由测试软件实现的一种计算机仪器系统。本系统主要完成了对汽轮机振动信号进行读取，对信号进行矩形窗、汉宁窗、海明窗的加窗选择，然后分别进行信号的幅值谱、功率谱、相位谱分析及自相关分析，并且具有图形操作及显示界面。系统运行结果证明，本系统能够完成对信号的读取，并进行三种窗函数及各种分析的动态选择，并用图形显示结果。Over the last 20 years, mainly due to the vibration caused by the fatal accidents occurred one after another, inflicting huge economic losses. Furthermore, the vibration is still new to large units shipped impossible grid, the normal operation for the main the crew during normal operations, continuous vibration problems affecting the normal production, Units often reduced load and operation of the sick, and even the unit was forced to stand, these incidents not uncommon. The system based on LabVIEW virtual instrument software platform for turbine vibration signal window read, and spectral analysis and correlation analysis. LabVIEW virtual instrument is a common core of computer hardware platform, defined by the user, with virtual front panel, the test function test software from a computer equipment system. The system completed the turbine vibration signal read, the signal rectangular window Hanning, Hamming window window choice, and then the signal amplitude spectrum, power spectrum and phase spectrum analysis and correlation analysis, and operating with graphics and display interface. The result of running the system proved that the system can accomplish the signal read, and three window function and the dynamic analysis of the various options and graphical display with the results.专业前景 本专业以工程热物理学科为主要理论基础，以内燃机和正在发展中的其它新型动力机械及系统为研究对象，运用工程力学、机械工程学、自动控制、计算机、环境科学、微电子技术等学科的知识和内容，研究如何把燃料的化学能和液体的动能安全、高效、低（或无）污染地转换成动力的基本规律和过程，研究转换过程中的系统和设备的自动控制技术。随着常规能源的日渐短缺，人类环境保护意识的不断增强，节能、高效、降低或消除污染排放物、发展新能源及其它可再生能源成为本学科的重要任务，在能源、交通运输、汽车、船舶、电力、航空宇航工程、农业工程和环境科学等诸多领域获得越来越广泛的应用，在国民经济各部门发挥着越来越重要的作用。 培养目标 本专业方向培养具备热能与动力工程专业方面的基本理论、基本知识和基本技能，能在国民经济各部门从事热力发动机和其它新型动力机械及设备的设计、制造、管理、教学和科研等方面的高级工程技术人才。 培养特色 本专业在加强学生基础理论和综合素质教育的同时，加强计算机及自动控制技术的应用，强化专业实践教学，注重全能训练，全面提高学生的实践动手能力和科学研究潜力，使毕业生具有较强的择业竞争能力和较宽的就业适应能力。 主干课程 机械制图、机械原理、机械设计、理论力学、材料力学、工程材料、电工技术、电子技术、计算机软件基础、液压技术、液力传动、内燃机构造、内燃机原理、内燃机设计、内燃机试验、发动机电子技术、工程热力学、流体力学、传热学、自动控制理论、现代测试技术等。 就业方向 毕业后可从事能源与动力设备的行政管理、内燃机及新型动力设备的开发研制、内燃机排放控制、新能源利用、汽车工业、兵器工业、环保工业、交通运输业、船舶、电力、航空宇航工业等方面的工作。The prospect of major works of the major hot in physics as the main theoretical basis to the internal combustion engine and the other is the development of new machinery and power systems for the study, the use of engineering mechanics, mechanical engineering, automation, computers, environmental science, microelectronics technology disciplines, such as content knowledge and to study how the chemical energy of fuel and liquid kinetic energy security, high-performance, low (or none) of pollution to the power into the basic law and the process of research in the conversion process of the automatic control systems and equipment technology . With the growing shortage of conventional energy, human the growing awareness of environmental protection, energy saving, high efficiency, reduce or eliminate polluting emissions, the development of new energy and other renewable sources of energy has become an important task for the subjects in the energy, transportation, automotive, ships, electricity, aviation aerospace engineering, agricultural engineering and environmental science in many fields such as access to more and more widely used, the department in the national economy is playing an increasingly important role. Cultivate cultivate goal with the direction of the major thermal power projects with the major aspects of the basic theory, basic knowledge and basic skills, to engage in various departments in the national economy and other heat engines power the new machinery and equipment design, manufacture, management, teaching and scientific research aspects of advanced engineering and technical personnel. Cultivate major characteristics of the students in strengthening the basic theory and the overall quality of education, to strengthen the computer and automatic control technology, and strengthen the teaching of professional practice, pay attention to all the training, students enhance the practice of comprehensive practical ability and scientific research potential, so that graduates have strong competitiveness and a wide choice of employment adaptability. Mechanical Drawing trunk curriculum, mechanical principles, mechanical design, theoretical mechanics, mechanics of materials, engineering materials, electrical technology, electronics technology, computer software foundation, hydraulic technology, hydraulic transmission, the internal combustion engine structure, the principle of internal combustion engines, internal combustion engine design, the internal combustion engine testing, engine electronic technology, engineering thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, automatic control theory, modern test technology. Employment after graduation can be engaged in the direction of energy and power equipment, administration, internal combustion engines and new development of power equipment, internal combustion engine emission control, new energy use, the auto industry, the weapons industry, industrial environmental protection, transport, shipping, electricity, air space industrial vehicles are not the only air polluters. Coal and oil, used to heat homes and factories and to generate electricity, contain small amounts of sulfur. When the fuels are burned, sulfur dioxide, a poisonous gas, is produced. It is irritating to the lungs. Some cities have passed laws that allow coal and oil to be burned only if their sulfur content is low. 汽车不是唯一的空气污染。煤炭和石油，用于家庭取暖和工厂，并产生电力，含有少量的硫。当燃料燃烧，二氧化硫，一种有毒气体，就产生了。它是刺激到肺部。一些城市已通过法律，允许煤炭和石油只有在其被烧毁硫含量低。Most electricity is generated by steam turbines. About half of the sulfur dioxide in the air comes from burning fuel to make steam. Nuclear power plants do not burn fuel, so there is no air pollution of the ordinary kind. But the radioactive materials in these plants could present a danger in an accident. Also, there is a problem in disposing of the radioactive wastes in a way that will not endanger the environment. 大部分电力是由蒸汽涡轮机。关于空气中的二氧化硫，使蒸汽一半来自燃料燃烧。核电厂不烧燃料，所以不存在的那种普通的空气污染。但是，在这些植物的放射性物质可能会提出一个意外的危险。此外，还有一个在放射性废物处置的方式，不会危害环境的问题。Another type of pollution, called thermal (heat) pollution, is caused by both the fuel-burning and nuclear plants. Both need huge amounts of cold water, which is warmed as it cools the steam. When it is returned to the river, the warm water may stimulate the growth of weeds. It may also kill fish and their eggs, or interfere with their growth.另一种污染类型，称为热（热）污染，是造成双方的燃料燃烧和核电厂。双方都需要的冷水，这是温暖，因为它大量的蒸汽冷却。当返回到河边，温暖的水会刺激杂草生长。它也可以杀死鱼，它们的卵，或干扰他们的成长。Physicists are studying new ways of generating electricity that may be less damaging to the environment. In the meantime, many power plants are being modernized to give off less polluting material. Also, engineers try to design and locate new power plants to do minimum damage to the environment.物理学家们正在研究发电对环境损害较小的新方法。与此同时，许多发电厂也在实现现代化以减少污染物质。此外，工程师们尝试设计并找到对环境的损害最小的新的发电厂。Thermal energy and power engineeringThis program is to cultivate both master thermal energy and power engineering professional basic theoretical knowledge, computing skills, but also the ability in various forms of generating power plant, refrigeration and air conditioning, new energy related fields in need of economic management knowledge and ability, can be engaged in the electric power industry related to areas of science and technology application, research, development and management of a senior talents. According to the national construction and talents needs, set up the professional direction includes: thermal power engineering, power plant set control operation, refrigeration and air conditioning engineering, gas power engineering, advanced energy engineering courses: theoretical mechanics, mechanics of materials, engineering thermodynamics, engineering fluid mechanics, heat transfer, turbine principle, boiler principle, thermal power plants, the pump and fan, automatic control theory, motor learning, circuit theory, the control system, unit unit operation principle, thermal process detection technology, engineering graphics, mechanical design basis, electrician technical basis, electronic technology base, refrigeration and cryogenic principle, refrigeration compressor, refrigeration automation and testing technology, gas turbine principle, gas gas-steam combined cycle power plant, gas turbine combined-cyde operation and maintenance, nuclear reactor theoretical basis, nuclear system and the maintenance, the PWR nuclear power plant system and equipment, wind power generation principle, professional place to go: large-scale modernized electric power enterprise, power equipment manufacturing enterprises and energy class enterprise engaged in production, operation and management work, Government departments at all levels and institution engaged in energy, power, energy saving, environmental planning, design, construction, operation, consultation and supervision work; etc. Research institutes, universities in energy and power related research and development, teaching, management, etc.

Over the last 20 years, mainly due to the vibration caused by the fatal accidents occurred one after another, inflicting huge economic losses. Furthermore, the vibration is still new to large units shipped impossible grid, the normal operation for the main the crew during normal operations, continuous vibration problems affecting the normal production, Units often reduced load and operation of the sick, and even the unit was forced to stand, these incidents not uncommon. The system based on LabVIEW virtual instrument software platform for turbine vibration signal window read, and spectral analysis and correlation analysis. LabVIEW virtual instrument is a common core of computer hardware platform, defined by the user, with virtual front panel, the test function test software from a computer equipment system. The system completed the turbine vibration signal read, the signal rectangular window Hanning, Hamming window window choice, and then the signal amplitude spectrum, power spectrum and phase spectrum analysis and correlation analysis, and operating with graphics and display interface. The result of running the system proved that the system can accomplish the signal read, and three window function and the dynamic analysis of the various options and graphical display with the results.

浅谈小型热水锅炉及其配套工艺应用分析论文关键词：小型热水锅炉二合一采暖炉分析 论文摘要：目前供热方式多种多样，主要供热设备分为“二合一”采暖炉、相变真空采暖炉、小型热水锅炉三种。其中，小型热水锅炉属于应用较新的一种供热设备，本文就其工作原理、工艺流程、与其他供热设备生产运行优缺点对比，以及运行过程中的经济能耗等问题进行分析。 1 小型热水锅炉及配套工艺技术简介 结构： 小型热水锅炉主要采用撬装模块式设计，内部主要由燃烧室、热交换器、自动燃烧器、自动控制装置及配套设施构成。 工作原理： 燃烧器将天然气充分燃烧，产生的热量被受热面吸收传给中间介质水，完成加热的水通过循环水泵打出，送至各采暖用户，出户后的冷凝水返回后再次被加热，如此循环往复。 主要工艺流程： 清水通过全自动软化水供水机组处理后打入加热炉，天然气通过全自动点火装置将锅炉点燃，将炉内清水加热至85℃左右，然后循环水泵将热水打出送至各用户。 工艺技术：该种锅炉具备完善的自动控制系统，采用全自动燃烧器可以实现自动燃烧功能，并通过控制柜实现各项参数的精确输出或发出故障信号，另外小型热水锅炉可以根据水温的变化进行自动调节，当水温升高时，锅炉自动停止燃烧；待水温降低后再自动启炉，有效的节约了锅炉的的耗气量。 热水锅炉水质硬度指标一般在，通过全自动软化水供水机组处理后，水质硬度指标一般小于，远远低于热水锅炉水质要求，降低了锅炉的腐蚀结垢情况及维修量。 2 与其它供热设备技术对比分析 运行能耗： “二合一”采暖炉炉膛温度受热不均、火焰偏烧，易造成局部过热影响炉效，炉效平均值仅在％左右，低于采暖系统炉效不小于80％的节能要求，增大了耗气量和生产运行费用。 小型热水锅炉炉效可达88％左右，节能烟箱的设计，通过在烟箱内壁加涂特殊的辐射材料，降低热损失；并在烟管内加装高效传热扰流构件，进一步强化传热等措施确保了锅炉更高的燃烧及传热效率。 而且它具备自动启炉和停炉的功能，当炉内水温达到85℃左右时，小型热水锅炉可自行停止加热，当回水温度降至55℃左右时，设备自动启炉，开始加热，大大降低了耗气量。 相变真空炉则采用两回程燃烧室和优化的换热面设计，确保了最佳的热传递，使加热炉效率高达87％-91％。 安全性： “二合一”采暖炉燃烧器没有配置全自动点火和熄火保护装置，而且加热炉监测力度及精细控制不够，管理人员多靠观察火焰及经验控制燃烧，炉膛内易熄火，存在严重安全隐患问题。 小型热水锅炉采用全自动燃烧器和自动监控系统，可实现输出参数的精确控制，确保锅炉安全运行的同时，大大减少了锅炉由于操作人员经验不足及人为因素造成的低效高耗使用情况。 相变真空炉运行时，锅壳内部压力始终低于外界大气压，绝无承压爆炸的危险，运行安全可靠。 使用寿命： “二合一”采暖炉腐蚀结垢问题严重，降低了锅炉的使用寿命；同时，“二合一”采暖炉火管和烟管结垢快，造成受热不均，靠近燃烧器2-3m处火管过热，易发生变形损坏。 小型热水锅炉炉膛内采用防腐衬膜技术，大幅度降低钢材腐蚀速率，使本体维修率降低，使用寿命延长。 相变真空炉炉体内部在真空无氧、无垢的环境下运行，大大延长锅炉使用寿命。湿背式回燃式结构，有效保证了燃烧系统的运行寿命。 管理维护及供热负荷： “二合一”采暖炉属于压力容器管理范围，因此每年需要开机检修，更换附件（更换火嘴、燃烧器、耐火砖；维修烟囱等），而小型热水锅炉和相变真空炉的损坏现象很少，维修工作量相对较小。 “二合一”采暖炉和相变真空炉供热负荷范围比较大，而小型热水锅炉的最高供热负荷为,适用于小型场所。。 3 经济效益分析 初投资对比分析 若以一台额定热功率为的炉子为例，小型热水锅炉、“二合一”采暖炉、相变真空炉主要设备工程投资比较具体情况见下列各表。 通过以上价格比较可以看出，小型热水锅炉投资费用最低，比相变真空炉投资费用节省万元，比“二合一”采暖炉投资节省万元。 运行费用对比分析 就小型热水锅炉、相变真空炉及“二合一”采暖炉进行效益分析，以采暖炉为例： ①耗气量（天然气价格为元/立方米估算、湿气价格为元/立方米估算） 小型热水锅炉耗气量为33Nm3/h，年耗气量为，一年费用为万元 相变真空炉耗气量为，年耗气量为14x104Nm3，一年费用为万元 “二合一”采暖炉耗气量为40Nm3/h，年耗气量为，一年费用为万元 ②年维护费用 小型热水锅炉及相变真空炉均属于自控程度较高的供热设备，维修管理工作量很小，相对“二合一”采暖炉而言，每年可节省维修费用万元。 因此，应用小型热水锅炉或相变真空炉可以比二合一采暖炉节省年运行费用万元。 4认识与总结 1.小型热水锅炉较其他供热设备而言，一次性投入较低，可节约投资成本。 2.小型热水锅炉供热效果良好，冬季室内温度均达到20℃～25℃，充分满足小队点供热需求。 3.小型热水锅炉自动化程度较高，可以实现无人值守，管理方便。 4.小型热水锅炉运行效果平稳，维护工作量小，适合在具备气源、距离较远的独立小队点推广应用。 参考文献： [1]王鹏. 《小型热水锅炉水动力特性研究》. [D]；东北电力大学2007，4，26-27 [2]解鲁生. 《热水锅炉及供热系统探讨研究》. 全国供热行业热源技术研讨会，2004转

热能动力工程可以写电厂热能技术，锅炉余热利用等等。开始也不会，还是上届师兄给的文方网，写的《孤网方式下汽轮机系统建模仿真及稳定控制研究》，很专业超临界汽轮机及其调速系统建模及其参数辨识塔式太阳能吸热器的热工数值模拟大型异重循环流化床垃圾焚烧电厂监控系统的开发与研究大型循环流化床垃圾焚烧电厂热工监控系统的研制及产品化冷却塔中沟槽填料上冷却液膜的流动和传热特性研究太阳能热动力系统储热复合材料的制备与试验研究太阳能定压加热发电系统的研究电厂热工控制系统备件消耗预测研究大型汽轮机组全工况运行热经济性在线分析燃煤发电厂褐煤干燥系统的集成分析电厂热烟气干化污泥过程中SO_2吸收的研究先进控制方法在电厂热工过程控制中的研究与应用基于热泵技术的MEA法CO_2捕集系统模拟分析滑动弧放电等离子体处理挥发性有机化合物基础研究川东北地区天然气资源特征与可持续发展研究CaO吸附CO_2能耗特性及热集成研究火电厂热工设备效能评价方法与系统锅炉汽温对象逆动力学模型及其应用多变量预测控制器在200MW火电机组主汽温控制系统中的应用研究新型Cu/SAPO-34分子筛催化剂NH_3-SCR低温反应活性位研究及其水热稳定性能探讨电厂热力系统图形模块化动态建模基于Bi2Te3热电材料的低温废热回收利用研究Cu-Ce改性USY分子筛的低温NH_3-SCR性能的研究沧东电厂电水热联产生产运行方式分析与评价AP1000电厂状态参数不确定性对LBLOCA影响的量化分析火电企业技改项目投资效益后评价及应用神华集团节能环保对标体系建设研究新颖外燃式燃气轮机循环与特性研究AP1000先进核电厂大破口RELAP5建模及特性分析应用吸收式热泵提高热电厂经济效能研究