通信论文外文文献

基于WIN CE的ADSL线路参数研究ADSL line parameters research based on WIN CE CE (also known officially as Windows Embedded CE since version [2][3], and sometimes abbreviated WinCE) is a variation of Microsoft's Windows operating system for minimalistic computers and embedded systems. Windows CE is a distinctly different kernel, rather than a trimmed-down version of desktop Windows. It is not to be confused with Windows XP Embedded which is NT-based. It is supported on Intel x86 and compatibles, MIPS, ARM, and Hitachi SuperH CE is optimized for devices that have minimal storage—a Windows CE kernel may run in under a megabyte of memory. Devices are often configured without disk storage, and may be configured as a “closed” system that does not allow for end-user extension (for instance, it can be burned into ROM). Windows CE conforms to the definition of a real-time operating system, with a deterministic interrupt latency. It supports 256 priority levels and uses priority inheritance for dealing with priority inversion. The fundamental unit of execution is the thread. This helps to simplify the interface and improve execution has stated that the ‘CE’ is not an intentional initialism, but many people believe CE stands for ‘Consumer Electronics’ or ‘Compact Edition’; users often disparagingly called it “Wince”.[4] Microsoft says it implies a number of Windows CE design precepts, including “Compact, Connectable, Compatible, Companion, and Efficient.”[5] The first version, known during development under the codename “Pegasus”, featured a Windows-like GUI and a number of Microsoft's popular applications, all trimmed down for smaller storage, memory, and speed of the palmtops of the then, Windows CE has evolved into a component-based, embedded, real-time operating system. It is no longer targeted solely at hand-held computers. Many platforms have been based on the core Windows CE operating system, including Microsoft's AutoPC, Pocket PC 2000, Pocket PC 2002, Windows Mobile 2003, Windows Mobile 2003 SE, Windows Mobile , Windows Mobile 6, Smartphone 2002, Smartphone 2003 and many industrial devices and embedded systems. Windows CE even powered select games for the Sega Dreamcast, was the operating system of the controversial Gizmondo handheld, and can partially run on modified Microsoft Xbox game distinctive feature of Windows CE compared to other Microsoft operating systems is that large parts of it are offered in source code form. First, source code was offered to several vendors, so they could adjust it to their hardware. Then products like Platform Builder (an integrated environment for Windows CE OS image creation and integration, or customized operating system designs based on CE) offered several components in source code form to the general public. However, a number of core components that do not need adaptation to specific hardware environments (other than the CPU family) are still distributed in binary form toolsVisual StudioLate versions of Microsoft Visual Studio support projects for Windows CE / Windows Mobile, producing executable programs and platform images either as an emulator or attached by cable to an actual mobile device. A mobile device is not necessary to develop a CE program. The .NET Compact Framework supports a subset of the .NET Framework with projects in C# and , but not Managed C++.Platform BuilderThis programming tool is used for building the platform (BSP + Kernel), device drivers (shared source or custom made) and also the application. This is a one step environment to get the system up and running. One can also use Platform Builder to export an SDK (standard development kit) for the target microprocessor (SuperH, x86, MIPS, ARM etc.) to be used with another associated tool set named Visual C++ (eVC)The Embedded Visual C++ tool is for development of embedded application for Windows CE based devices. This tool can be used standalone using the SDK exported from Platform Builder or using the Platform Builder using the Platform Manager connectivity to Windows Mobile, Pocket PC, and SmartPhoneOften Windows CE, Windows Mobile, and Pocket PC are used interchangeably. This practice is not entirely accurate. Windows CE is a modular/componentized operating system that serves as the foundation of several classes of devices. Some of these modules provide subsets of other components' features (. varying levels of windowing support; DCOM vs COM), others which are mutually exclusive (Bitmap or TrueType font support), and others which add additional features to another component. One can buy a kit (the Platform Builder) which contains all these components and the tools with which to develop a custom platform. Applications such as Excel Mobile/Pocket Excel are not part of this kit. The older Handheld PC version of Pocket Word and several other older applications are included as samples, Mobile is best described as a subset of platforms based on a Windows CE underpinning. Currently, Pocket PC (now called Windows Mobile Classic), SmartPhone (Windows Mobile Standard), and PocketPC Phone Edition (Windows Mobile Professional) are the three main platforms under the Windows Mobile umbrella. Each platform utilizes different components of Windows CE, as well as supplemental features and applications suited for their respective PC and Windows Mobile is a Microsoft-defined custom platform for general PDA use, and consists of a Microsoft-defined set of minimum profiles (Professional Edition, Premium Edition) of software and hardware that is supported. The rules for manufacturing a Pocket PC device are stricter than those for producing a custom Windows CE-based platform. The defining characteristics of the Pocket PC are the digitizer as the primary Human Interface Device and its extremely portable SmartPhone platform is a feature rich OS and interface for cellular phone handsets. SmartPhone offers productivity features to business users, such as email, as well as multimedia capabilities for consumers. The SmartPhone interface relies heavily on joystick navigation and PhonePad input. Devices running SmartPhone do not include a touchscreen interface. SmartPhone devices generally resemble other cellular handset form factors, whereas most Phone Edition devices use a PDA form factor with a larger Mobile 5 supports USB and new devices running this OS will also conform to the USB Mass Storage Class, meaning the storage on PPC can be accessed from any USB-equipped PC, without requiring any extra software, except requiring a compliant host. In other words, you can use it as a flash productsCompetitors to consumer CE based PDA platforms like Pocket PC – the main application of Windows CE – are Java, Symbian OS, Palm OS, iPhone OS and Linux based packages like Qtopia Embedded Linux environment from Trolltech, Convergent Linux Platform from a La Mobile, and Access Linux Platform from Orange and secondary usage of CE is in devices in need of graphical user interfaces, (point of sale terminals, media centers, web tablets, thin clients) as the main selling point CE is the look and feel being similar to desktop Windows. The competition is Windows XP, Linux and graphical packages for simpler embedded operating an RTOS, Windows CE is also theoretically a competitor to any realtime operating system in the embedded space, like VxWorks, ITRON or eCos. The dominating method, however, of mixing Windows look and feel with realtime on the same hardware, is to run double operating systems using some virtualization technology, like TRANGO Hypervisor from TRANGO Virtual Processors or Intime from TenAsys in the case of Windows, and OS Ware from VirtualLogix, Padded Cell from Green Hills Software, OKL4 from Open Kernel Labs, TRANGO Hypervisor from TRANGO Virtual Processors, RTS Hypervisor from Real-Time Systems or PikeOS from Sysgo, in case of the Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is a form of DSL, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional voiceband modem can provide. It does this by utilizing frequencies that are not used by a voice telephone call. A splitter - or microfilter - allows a single telephone connection to be used for both ADSL service and voice calls at the same time. Because phone lines vary in quality and were not originally engineered with DSL in mind, it can generally only be used over short distances, typically less than 3mi ( km) [William Stallings' book].At the telephone exchange the line generally terminates at a DSLAM where another frequency splitter separates the voice band signal for the conventional phone network. Data carried by the ADSL is typically routed over the telephone company's data network and eventually reaches a conventional internet network. In the UK under British Telecom the data network in question is its ATM network which in turn sends it to its IP network IP distinguishing characteristic of ADSL over other forms of DSL is that the volume of data flow is greater in one direction than the other, . it is asymmetric. Providers usually market ADSL as a service for consumers to connect to the Internet in a relatively passive mode: able to use the higher speed direction for the "download" from the Internet but not needing to run servers that would require high speed in the other are both technical and marketing reasons why ADSL is in many places the most common type offered to home users. On the technical side, there is likely to be more crosstalk from other circuits at the DSLAM end (where the wires from many local loops are close to each other) than at the customer premises. Thus the upload signal is weakest at the noisiest part of the local loop, while the download signal is strongest at the noisiest part of the local loop. It therefore makes technical sense to have the DSLAM transmit at a higher bit rate than does the modem on the customer end. Since the typical home user in fact does prefer a higher download speed, the telephone companies chose to make a virtue out of necessity, hence ADSL. On the marketing side, limiting upload speeds limits the attractiveness of this service to business customers, often causing them to purchase higher cost Digital Signal 1 services instead. In this fashion, it segments the digital communications market between business and home usersHow ADSL worksOn the wireCurrently, most ADSL communication is full duplex. Full duplex ADSL communication is usually achieved on a wire pair by either frequency division duplex (FDD), echo canceling duplex (ECD), or time division duplexing (TDD). FDM uses two separate frequency bands, referred to as the upstream and downstream bands. The upstream band is used for communication from the end user to the telephone central office. The downstream band is used for communicating from the central office to the end user. With standard ADSL (annex A), the band from kHz to 138 kHz is used for upstream communication, while 138 kHz – 1104 kHz is used for downstream communication. Each of these is further divided into smaller frequency channels of kHz. During initial training, the ADSL modem tests which of the available channels have an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio. The distance from the telephone exchange, noise on the copper wire, or interference from AM radio stations may introduce errors on some frequencies. By keeping the channels small, a high error rate on one frequency thus need not render the line unusable: the channel will not be used, merely resulting in reduced throughput on an otherwise functional ADSL may support usage of higher frequencies as a proprietary extension to the standard. However, this requires matching vendor-supplied equipment on both ends of the line, and will likely result in crosstalk issues that affect other lines in the same is a direct relationship between the number of channels available and the throughput capacity of the ADSL connection. The exact data capacity per channel depends on the modulation method used.[edit] ModulationADSL initially existed in two flavours (similar to VDSL), namely CAP and DMT. CAP was the de facto standard for ADSL deployments up until 1996, deployed in 90 percent of ADSL installs at the time. However, DMT was chosen for the first ITU-T ADSL standards, and (also called and respectively). Therefore all modern installations of ADSL are based on the DMT modulation J and M shift the upstream/downstream frequency split up to 276 kHz (from 138 kHz used in the commonly deployed annex A) in order to boost upstream rates. Additionally, the "all-digital-loop" variants of ADSL2 and ADSL2+ (annexes I and J) support an extra 256 kbit/s of upstream if the bandwidth normally used for POTS voice calls is allocated for ADSL the ADSL access utilizes the MHz band, ADSL2+ utilizes the MHz downstream and upstream rates displayed are theoretical maxima. Note also that because Digital subscriber line access multiplexers and ADSL modems may have been implemented based on differing or incomplete standards some manufacturers may advertise different speeds. For example, Ericsson has several devices that support non-standard upstream speeds of up to 2 Mbit/s in ADSL2 and ADSL2+.[edit] Installation issuesDue to the way it uses the frequency spectrum, ADSL deployment presents some issues. It is necessary to install appropriate frequency filters at the customer's premises, to avoid interferences with the voice service, while at the same time taking care to keep a clean signal level for the ADSL the early days of DSL, installation required a technician to visit the premises. A splitter was installed near the demarcation point, from which a dedicated data line was installed. This way, the DSL signal is separated earlier and is not attenuated inside the customer premises. However, this procedure is costly, and also caused problems with customers complaining about having to wait for the technician to perform the installation. As a result, many DSL vendors started offering a self-install option, in which they ship equipment and instructions to the customer. Instead of separating the DSL signal at the demarcation point, the opposite is done: the DSL signal is "filtered off" at each phone outlet by use of a low pass filter, also known as microfilter. This method does not require any rewiring inside the customer side effect of the move to the self-install model is that the DSL signal can be degraded, especially if more than 5 voiceband devices are connected to the line. The DSL signal is now present on all telephone wiring in the building, causing attenuation and echo. A way to circumvent this is to go back to the original model, and install one filter upstream from all telephone jacks in the building, except for the jack to which the DSL modem will be connected. Since this requires wiring changes by the customer and may not work on some household telephone wiring, it is rarely done. It is usually much easier to install filters at each telephone jack that is in use.

你是哪个学校的，这与具体地区有关

作为全球领先的科学、技术和医学出版机构，Springer 拥有超过2900种期刊和300,000本图书，为作者、客户和合作伙伴提供无与伦比的资源。是一个免费电子书籍搜索下载网站，号称世界最大的免费电子图书馆。拥有513万多书籍和7751万多文献下载。是一个免费下载外文文献网站，因为版权问题，需常常更换域名，有时会出现打不开链接的情况。（英文文献期刊）网站是Ingenta公司于1998年建成的学术信息平台。在几年的发展中，该公司先后兼并了多家信息公司，合并了这些公司的数据库。 research从事国际学术会议论文集的出版和检索，以及专业学术期刊、专著的出版发行。内容涵盖物理、化学、医学、生物、数学、通信、计算机等多个领域文献馆是中外文数据库的整合，是中文文献和外文文献的汇总，包括知网、维普等一些网站里下载不了的中外文文献也可以从seek68文献馆里下载。并提供疑难文献解决办法和paperkeey论文检测。

Open Access Library。

Open Access Library（OA图书馆），在线数据库，里面的所有的文章都来自顶级著名的出版商和数据库，可以满足各个领域学者的需求。

同时，那些已经评审或者未发表的文章都可以在线查看，以此提供学术交流的机会。读者可以用关键字在Open Access Library（OA图书馆）搜索下载完整的PDF格式的文章，这是不需要注册和交任何费用的。

开放存取（Open Access,简称OA）是基于互联网不受限制的访问同行评审的学术期刊的机制。开放存取代表不受限制的访问和无限制的重用，这就是它为什么重要。开放存取正逐渐被应用于论文、学术专著和图书章节。它消除了价格障碍（订阅费、按次计费的费用）和许可障碍（大部分版权和许可限制）。

根据Association of Research Libraries的解释，“开放存取”是在基于订阅的传统出版模式以外的另一种选择。这样，通过新的数字技术和网络化通信，任何人都可以及时、免费、不受任何限制地通过网络获取各类文献，包括经过同行评议过的期刊文章、参考文献、技术报告、学位论文等全文信息，用于科研教育及其他活动。

从而促进科学信息的广泛传播，学术信息的交流与出版，提升科学研究的共利用程度，保障科学信息的长期保存。这是一种新的学术信息交流的方法，作者提交作品不期望得到直接的金钱回报，而是提供这些作品使公众可以在公共网络上利用。

您的通信工程专业论文具体是什么题目呢有什么要求呢论文是需要多少字呢开题报告 任务书 都搞定了不你可以告诉我具体的排版格式要求，希望可以帮到你，祝写作过程顺利目前，高校对于硕博士论文,需要通过抄袭检测系统的检测才能算过关。对本科生来说，大部分学校也采取抽查的方式对本科论文进行检测。抄袭过多，一经查出超过30%,后果严重。轻者延期毕业，重者取消学位。辛辛苦苦读个大学，学位报销了多不爽。但是，软件毕竟是人工设置的一种机制，里面内嵌了检测算法，我们只要摸清其中的机理，通过简单的修改，就能成功通过检测。本文是在网络收集的资料。整理了最重要的部分，供大家参考。论文抄袭检测算法：1.论文的段落与格式论文检测基本都是整篇文章上传，上传后，论文检测软件首先进行部分划分，上交的最终稿件格式对抄袭率有很大影响。不同段落的划分可能造成几十个字的小段落检测不出来。因此，我们可以通过划分多的小段落来降低抄袭率。2.数据库论文检测，多半是针对已发表的毕业论文，期刊文章，还有会议论文进行匹配的，有的数据库也包含了网络的一些文章。这里给大家透露下，很多书籍是没有包含在检测数据库中的。之前朋友从一本研究性的著作中摘抄了大量文字，也没被查出来。就能看出，这个方法还是有效果的。3.章节变换很多同学改变了章节的顺序，或者从不同的文章中抽取不同的章节拼接而成的文章，对抄袭检测的结果影响几乎为零。所以论文抄袭检测大师建议大家不要以为抄袭了几篇文章，或者几十篇文章就能过关。4.标注参考文献参考别人的文章和抄袭别人的文章在检测软件中是如何界定的。其实很简单，我们的论文中加了参考文献的引用符号，但是在抄袭检测软件中。都是统一看待，软件的阀值一般设定为1%，例如一篇文章有5000字,文章的1%就是50字，如果抄袭了多于50，即使加了参考文献，也会被判定为抄袭。5.字数匹配论文抄袭检测系统相对比较严格，只要多于20单位的字数匹配一致，就被认定为抄袭，但是前提是满足第4点，参考文献的标注。论文抄袭修改方法：首先是词语变化。文章中的专业词汇可以保留，尽量变换同义词；其次，改变文中的描述方式，例如倒装句、被动句、主动句；打乱段落的顺序，抄袭原文时分割段落，并重组。通过上述方法，能有效降低抄袭率。下面举几个例子，大家可以参考下：例句A：本文以设备利用率最大化为目标函数,采用整数编码与实数编码相结合的遗传算法,研究了HFS的构建问题。本文提出的染色体编码方法及相应的遗传操作方法可实现研究对象的全局随机寻优。通过对car系列标准算例的研究,显示了本文提出方法具有较高的计算重复性和计算效率。修改A：本文研究了HFS问题的构建，通过遗传算法并结合整数与实数编码，目标函数为最大化设备利用率来求解。本文的染色体编码方法与对应的遗传算法操作可有效提高算法的全局搜索能力。通过对一些列基准算例的研究，验证了本文算法的有效性，并具有较高的计算重复性和较高的运算效率。例句B：由于房地产商品的地域性强，房地产开发企业在进行不同区域投资时，通常需要建立项目公司，此时就会面临建立分公司还是子公司的选择。子公司是一个独立的法人，而分公司则不是独立法人，它们在税收利益方面存在差异。子公司是独立法人，在设立区域被视为纳税人，通常要承担与该区域其它公司一样的全面纳税义务；分公司不是独立的法人实体，在设立分公司的所在区域不被视为纳税人，只承担有限的纳税义务，分公司发生的利润与亏损要与总公司合并计算。修改B：房地产开发企业在不同区域进行投资时，由于此类商品的地域性强，因此需要建立项目公司。此时，企业需要选择建立分公司还是子公司。主要的区别是子公司具有独立的法人，分公司则不是独立法人。其次，在税收利益方面，由于分公司不是独立的法人实体，在设立分公司的所在区域不被视为纳税人，只承担纳税义务，总公司需要合并计算分公司的利润与亏损；而子公司是独立法人，在所在区域被视为法人实体，需要承担与区域其他公司一样的全面纳税义务。修改抄袭的方法不外乎这些，这里更建议同学们，先熟悉你所看的参考论文，关闭文档，用自己的话写出来，这样就不会受参考文献的太多影响。有同学这里就提出问题了，学校用的检测系统是知网的学术不端检测系统，不是淘宝几元钱买的万方数据检测。其实，各个检测系统的算法区别并不大，只是数据库有多有少，如果你没有太多，什么系统都不用怕。既然你抄了，得到检测报告的同时，先好好修改自己的文章。抄了之后，改相拟度，可以这样去头去尾留中间，意同词不同。一、查重原理1、知网学位论文检测为整篇上传，格式对检测结果可能会造成影响，需要将最终交稿格式提交检测，将影响降到最小，此影响为几十字的小段可能检测不出。对于3万字符以上文字较多的论文是可以忽略的。对比数据库为：中国学术期刊网络出版总库，中国博士学位论文全文数据库/中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库，国重要会议论文全文数据库，中国重要报纸全文数据库，中国专利全文数据库，个人比对库，其他比对库。部分书籍不在知网库，检测不到。2、上传论文后，系统会自动检测该论文的章节信息，如果有自动生成的目录信息，那么系统会将论文按章节分段检测，否则会自动分段检测。3、有部分同学反映说自己在段落中明明引用或者抄袭了其他文献的段落或句子，为什么没有检测出来，这是正常的。中国知网对该套检测系统的灵敏度设置了一个阀值，该阀值为5%，以段落计，低于5%的抄袭或引用是检测不出来的，这种情况常见于大段落中的小句或者小概念。举个例子：假如检测段落1有10000字，那么引用单篇文献500字以下，是不会被检测出来的。实际上这里也告诉同学们一个修改的方法，就是对段落抄袭千万不要选一篇文章来引用，尽可能多的选择多篇文献，一篇截取几句，这样是不会被检测出来的。4、一篇论文的抄袭怎么才会被检测出来？知网论文检测的条件是连续13个字相似或抄袭都会被红字标注，但是必须满足3里面的前提条件：即你所引用或抄袭的A文献文字总和在你的各个检测段落中要达到5%。二、快速通过论文查重的七大方法方法一：外文文献翻译法查阅研究领域外文文献，特别是高水平期刊的文献，比如Science，Nature，WaterRes等，将其中的理论讲解翻译成中文，放在自己的论文中。优点：1、每个人语言习惯不同，翻译成的汉语必然不同。因此即使是同一段文字，不同人翻译了之后，也 不会出现抄袭的情况。2、外文文献的阅读，可以提升自身英语水平，拓展专业领域视野。缺点：英文不好特别是专业英文不好的同学实施起来比较费劲。方法二：变化措辞法将别人论文里的文字，或按照意思重写，或变换句式结构，更改主被动语态，或更换关键词，或通过增减。当然如果却属于经典名句，还是按照经典的方法加以引用。优点：1．将文字修改之后，按照知网程序和算法，只要不出现连续13个字重复，以及关键词的重复，就不会被标红。2．对论文的每字每句都了如指掌，烂熟于心，答辩时亦会如鱼得水。缺点：逐字逐句的改，费时费力。方法三：减头去尾，中间换语序将别人论文里的文字，头尾换掉中间留下，留下的部分改成被动句，句式和结构就会发生改变，再自行修改下语病后，即可顺利躲过查重。优点：方便快捷，可以一大段一大段的修改。缺点中文没学好的，会很费劲，要想半天。方法四：转换图片法将别人论文里的文字，截成图片，放在自己的论文里。因为知网查重系统目前只能查文字，而不能查图片和表格，因此可以躲过查重。优点：比改句序更加方便快捷。缺点：用顺手了容易出现整页都是图片的情况，会影响整个论文的字数统计。方法五：插入文档法将某些参考引用来的文字通过word文档的形式插入到论文中。优点：此法比方法四更甚一筹，因为该方法日后还可以在所插入的文档里进行重新编辑，而图片转换法以后就不便于再修改了。缺点：还没发现。方法六：插入空格法将文章中所有的字间插入空格，然后将空 格 字 间距调到最小。因为查重的根据是以词为基础的，空格切断了词语，自然略过了查重系统。优点：从查重系统的原理出发，可靠性高。缺点：工作量极大，课可以考虑通过宏完成，但宏的编制需要研究。方法七：自己原创法自己动手写论文，在写作时，要么不原文复制粘贴；要么正确的加上引用。优点：基本上绝对不会担心查重不通过，哪怕这个查重系统的阈值调的再低。缺点：如果说优缺点的话，就是写完一篇毕业论文，可能会死掉更多的脑细胞。呵呵。。。知网系统计算标准详细说明：1．看了一下这个系统的介绍，有个疑问，这套系统对于文字复制鉴别还是不错的，但对于其他方面的内容呢，比如数据，图表，能检出来吗？检不出来的话不还是没什么用吗？学术不端的各种行为中，文字复制是最为普遍和严重的，目前本检测系统对文字复制的检测已经达到相当高的水平，对于图表、公式、数据的抄袭和篡改等行为的检测，目前正在研发当中，且取得了比较大的进展，欢迎各位继续关注本检测系统的进展并多提批评性及建设性意见和建议。2．按照这个系统39%以下的都是显示黄色,那么是否意味着在可容忍的限度内呢?最近看到对上海大学某教师的国家社科基金课题被撤消的消息,原因是其发表的两篇论文有抄袭行为,分别占到25%和30%. 请明示超过多少算是警戒线？百分比只是描述检测文献中重合文字所占的比例大小程度，并不是指该文献的抄袭严重程度。只能这么说，百分比越大，重合字数越多，存在抄袭的可能性越大。是否属于抄袭及抄袭的严重程度需由专家审查后决定。3．如何防止学位论文学术不端行为检测系统成为个人报复的平台？这也是我们在认真考虑的事情，目前这套检测系统还只是在机构一级用户使用。我们制定了一套严格的管理流程。同时，在技术上，我们也采取了多种手段来最大可能的防止恶意行为，包括一系列严格的身份认证，日志记录等。4．最小检测单位是句子，那么在每句话里改动一两个字就检测不出来了么？我们对句子也有相应的处理，有一个句子相似性的算法。并不是句子完全一样才判断为相同。句子有句子级的相似算法，段落有段落级的相似算法，计算一篇文献，一段话是否与其他文献文字相似，是在此基础上综合得出的。5．如果是从相关书籍上摘下来的原话，但是此话已经被数据库中的相关文献也抄了进去，也就是说前面的文章也从相关书籍上摘了相同的话，但是我的论文中标注的这段话来自相关的书籍，这个算不算学术抄袭？检测系统不下结论，是不是抄袭最后还有人工审查这一关，所以，如果是您描述的这种情况，专家会有相应判断。我们的系统只是提供各种线索和依据，让人能够快速掌握检测文献的信息。6．知网检测系统的权威性？学术不端文献检测系统并不下结论，即检测系统并不对检测文献定性，只是将检测文献中与其他已发表文献中的雷同部分陈列出来，列出客观事实，而这篇检测文献是否属于学术不端，需专家做最后的审查确认。一篇论文的抄袭怎么才会被检测出来？知网论文检测的条件是连续13个字相似或抄袭都会被红字标注，但是必须满足3里面的前提条件：即你所引用或抄袭的A文献文字总和在你的各个检测段落中要达到5%。论文查重修改的规律：1、如果是引用，在引用标号后，不要轻易使用句号，如果写了句号，句号后面的就是剽窃了（尽管自已认为是引用），所以，引用没有结束前，尽量使用分号。有些人将引用的上标放在了句号后面，这是不对的，应该在句号之前。2、可以将文字转换为表格，将表格边框隐藏。3、如果你看的外文的多，由外文自己翻译过来引用的，个人认为，不需要尾注，就可以当做自己的，因为查重的数据库只是字符的匹配，无法做到中文和英文的匹配。4、查重是一个匹配的过程，是以句为单位，如果一句话重复了，就很容易判定重复了，所以：的确是经典的句子，就用上标的尾注的方式，在参考文献中表达出来，或者是用：原文章作者《名字》和引号的方式，将引用的内容框出来。引号内的东西，系统会识别为引用如果是一般的引用，就采用罗嗦法，将原句中省略的主语、谓语、等等添加全，反正哪怕多一个字，就是胜利，也可以采用横刀法，将一些句子的成分，去除，用一些代词替代。或者是用洋鬼子法，将原文中的洋名，是中文的，就直接用英文，是英文的直接用中文，或是哦中文的全姓名，就用中文的名，如果是中文的名，就找齐了，替换成中文的姓名。故意在一些缩写的英文边上，加上（注释）(画蛇添足法），总之，将每句话都可以变化一下，哪怕增加一个字或减少一个字，都是胜利了。特别注意标点符号，变化变化，将英文的复合句，变成两个或多个单句，等等，自己灵活掌握。因为真正写一篇论文，很罕见地都是自己的，几乎不可能，但大量引用别人的东西，说明你的综合能力强，你已经阅读了大量的资料，这就是一个过程，一个学习、总结的过程。所有的一切，千万别在版面上让导师责难，这是最划不来的。导师最讨厌版面不规范的，因为他只负责内容，但又不忍心因为版面问题自己的弟子被轰出来。5、下面这一条我傻妞试过的，决对牛B：将别人的文字和部分你自己的文字，选中，复制（成为块，长方形），另外在桌面建一个空文件，将内容，复制到文件中，存盘，关闭。将这个文件的图标选中，复制，在你的正文中的位置上，直接黏贴，就变成了图片了，不能编辑的。这个操作事实上是将内容的文件作为一个对象插入的，所以是图片。这个操作事实上是将内容的文件作为一个对象插入的。所以是图片。以上那些东西再次总结一下：查重是一个匹配的过程，是以句为单位，如果一句话重复了，就很容易判定重复了，所以：1）如果的确是经典的句子，就用上标的尾注的方式，在参考文献中表达出来。2）如果是一般的引用，就采用罗嗦法，将原句中省略的主语、谓语、等等添加全，反正哪怕多一个字，就是胜利。3）也可以采用横刀法，将一些句子的成分，去除，用一些代词替代。4）或者是用洋鬼子法，将原文中的洋名，是中文的，就直接用英文，是英文的直接用中文，或是中文的全姓名，就用中文的名，如果是中文的名，就找齐了，替换成中文的姓名。5）故意在一些缩写的英文边上，加上（注释）(画蛇添足法），总之，将每句话都可以变化一下，哪怕增加一个字或减少一个字，都是胜利了。6）如果是引用，在引用标号后，不要轻易使用句号，如果写了句号，句号后面的就是剽窃了（尽管自已认为是引用），所以，引用没有结束前，尽量使用分号。有些人将引用的上标放在了句号后面，这是不对的，应该在句号之前。7）可以将文字转换为表格、表格基本是查重不了的，文字变成图形、表格变成图形，一目了然，绝对不会检查出是重复剽窃了。论文查重修改学校的要求：1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。5、论文正文：（1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容：a.提出-论点；b.分析问题-论据和论证；c.解决问题-论证与步骤；d.结论。6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是：（1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。（2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。

论文是有题目的，根据题目不同 体例也不同，要根据导师的要求撰写开题报告、论证、最后试验、总结报告。