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人工翻译，请放心采纳整体来说，药理学涵盖历史、来源、物理和化学性质、混配，生化和生理效果、作用机理、吸收、分布、生物转化和排泄，以及药物治疗及其他用途的知识。因为一种药物大体上被定义为影响生命过程的任何化学制剂，药理学的学科主体显然相当广泛。可是，对于医生和医学学生，药理学的范围并不如上面定义指出的那么宽泛。临床医生主要对预防、诊断和治疗人类疾病有用的药物感兴趣，或对于预防怀孕有用的药物感兴趣。他对这些药物的药理学的研究可以合理地限制在为其合理的临床用途提供基础的那些方面。
bicyclam 双环拉胺类 （bi-cyclam, bi- 前缀， 二个的，双，复，重，二倍）coreceptors 共同受体 （core-ceptor）Cyclams 环拉胺Monocyclam 单环拉胺 (mono-cyclam，mono- 前缀， 单的，一个的）pphenylenebis ---> phenylenebis (多了一个p），我认为是phenylenebisazo (苯双偶氮基) 的缩写（pheny- 苯基的）Bipharmacophore 双药效（团）（bi-pharmacophore）covalentlycoupled 共价（共原子价）偶合（的） （covalently coupled）metalcyclams 金属环拉胺 （metal-cyclam）dizinc 二锌 （di- 前缀，二，二次，二倍） 回楼主补充：cyclam 是 cycle 和lam 的合成词，“环拉”是音译，由“lam”而来；但是，有时音译也不把所有的音都对应地译出来，这里我还是主张译出来。polyaminocarboxylate （poly-amino-carboxylate)聚氨基羧化物
从排除的乌柳中获取的非环式的二萜-y-内酯和类黄酮 经供参考，欢迎指正
部分翻译 仅供参考coreceptor 复合受体 cyclam 环胺类 Monocyclam 单环胺类 covalentlycoupled 共价键偶合metalcyclams 金属环胺类
He was awarded his PhD for a thesis on industrial robots.
他凭一篇研究工业机器人的论文获得博士学位。
Please write an abstract of this article 〔 thesis 〕.
请写一份这本书〔这篇论文〕的`摘要。
Your thesis wouldn't get across if you used too many technical terms in it.
如果你用了过多的专门术语，你的论文就不会被人理解。
He is writing his doctoral thesis in electrical engineering.
他在写关于电气工程学的博士论文。
药物药理学文献：Abstract: detoxification Vitamin Tablets (approval of the text: State Yao Zhunzi Z20026566) is a composition of compound ingredients Shisan Wei, head of its function as "Qingrejiedu, replenishing liver and kidney. Heat for leukemia drug Yung-sheng, liver and kidney Card and a lack of radiotherapy and chemotherapy-induced blood cells to reduce Dengzheng "In order to better guide clinical treatment, according to the symptoms of such disease and the characteristics of the drug, focusing on 27 and retrieval of leukemia related to pharmacology literature, and all experiments And the use of oral compound related to administration, including oral mice, gavage and in vitro experiments, the compound used in medicines and Shi Sanwei the experimental leukemia treatment. The results showed that: Liuwei with killing leukemia cells, with 10 flavor increase immune function, improve the shamisen with hematopoietic system, Bawei can inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and the taste of the two anti-fatigue effect. This is the "antidote Viacom film" The clinical application provided further evidence. Key words: "detoxification Vitamin Tablets", pharmacology, leukemia, immune function, blood system, pathogenic microorganisms, anti-fatigue, Summary Leukemia is a malignant hematopoietic system diseases. Characterized by bone marrow or other blood organizations, the WBC and a series of naive cells unrestricted dysplasia (known as leukemia cells). Invasion of the body organs and blood into the liquid, caused clinical manifestations and the surrounding blood leukocyte change. In order for patients suffering from the early, according to "Quxie, centralizer, to improve efficiency, and detoxification" Pharmacodynamic study of requirements, we antidote to Viacom-prescription medicines Shi Sanwei in the composition of the 627 study of literature, summed up the specific Are as follows: • anti-tumor effect (A), the Northeast "Guanzhong": the extract on a variety of transplanted animals inhibited the tumor, research shows that the Guanzhong B is part of an effective anti-tumor. Films detect oxygen electrode, Guanzhong B P 388 significantly reduced oxygen consumption rate of leukemia cells, mitochondria may be its anti-tumor effect of a target cell [1]. Northeast Guanzhong extract of the Northeast Guanzhong suppression of DNA synthesis, Lewis lung cancer in mice and P 388 leukemia effective. The compound used in the "Mian Ma Guanzhong" to the same family belong to the substitutes, and has since been contained in the 2000 Pharmacopoeia. (2), Qingdai: its active ingredient indirubin has anti-tumor activity, is on the clinical treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) of effective drugs. Use of radionuclide tag (3 H-TdR, 3 H-uR, 3 H-leucine), respectively incorporation of the tumor DNA, RNA and protein research shows that the method, indirubin can inhibit the slow tablets and tablets of urgency Patients with leukemia cells, W 256 solid tumors in rats, mice liver and ascites EAC cancer cell synthesis of DNA metabolism, a slight suppression of RNA synthesis, protein synthesis no significant impact [3-5]. (3), Hedyotis diffusa: its crude preparation, in vitro only in high concentration under the EAC cancer, leukemia Yoshida sarcoma and a variety of cancer cells inhibited [6-8]. (4), Scutellaria barbata: Blue Screening test-tube experiments show that the tablets cell acute leukemia (AML) have mild blood cells inhibited use of respirators screening experiments show that the blood cells of AML inhibitory rate of more than 75 % [9]. (5), Wumei: The main ingredients of this compound for chronic, such as cervical cancer tumors have a certain effect, to further confirm the anti-tumor activity on its composition and role of an effective mechanism, it was the people of the original giant leukocyte (HIM eg ) And human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL 60) for the study, conducted in vitro. Counting from living cells and cloning experiments can be seen its rate of water and alcohol extracts of the HIMeg and HL 60 cells have a direct role in inhibiting the growth [10]. (6), artesunate: The row with law and in vitro cloning research artemisinic acid and derivatives of the four artesunate B - compounds A, B, C, D on a variety of cell lines cytotoxicity. When the four kinds of compounds concentration of 5 μ g / ml, its P 388 mouse leukemia cells inhibited the rate of more than 85% [11]. Artemisinic acid (Ⅰ) of hydroxyl in the derivatives after a ene-a-lactone of a pair of six Central to the poor vary purchase of (Ⅱ, Ⅲ), Ⅱ after a reduction in a heterogeneous in Ester (Ⅳ, Ⅴ), Ⅱ further oxidation in a post-hydroxy-lactone (Ⅵ). Compounds Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅵ in vitro small P 388 leukemia cells have anti-tumor activity, and Ⅰ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ no. The concentration of 10 μ g / ml and 1 μ g / ml when, Ⅱ P 388 to inhibit cell growth rate of 100% and 42%; Ⅵ inhibition rate was 100 per cent and 47 per cent [14]. • immune function of (A), Qingdai: its active ingredient indirubin 200 mg / kg sc, for 6 d, to enhance tumor-bearing rats were swallowed up by macrophages in the role of chicken red blood cells [12]. (2), Hedyotis diffusa: mice fed with aqueous extract of its crude 0, 6g (Pharmacognosy) / only to enhance the peritoneal fluid swallowed up by white Staphylococcus leukemia in the ability of [13]. Rabbit in the ability of interleukin engulfed in bacteria, fed with water decoction group than the control group increased more than three times [14, 15]. In vitro tests can enhance people in the blood of the WBC, Staphylococcus aureus phagocytosis [16]. (C), Scutellaria barbata: The goods were obtained from the polysaccharides in vitro can promote the concanavalin A (ConA) spleen cells in mice induced lymphocyte transformation, the optimal concentration of 400 r / ml [17]. (4), Astragalus: decoction of 50%, / only ig, can accelerate the mice injected into the blood plasma protein marker 131 I dissection of the role that their organizations giant嗜the liver and spleen cells could enhance the role of phagocytosis [18 ]; Decoction of the goods 100% ml / only ig, can promote mice嗜phagocytic giant chicken RBC role [19]; decoction of the goods 25 g / kg ig, giant嗜will enhance the role of phagocytosis [20] ; Decoction of the goods 10 μ g / ml concentration of cell culture cancer patients, rats injected into the skin, significantly enhancing its local graft-versus-host reaction, that the goods on the T-cell immune function is to promote the role [21]. (5), Chinese wolfberry son: an ultra-dose sheep red blood cells (SRBC) immunoassay (SOI) show that the appropriate dose of old mice LBP inhibit T cells (Ts) significantly regulation, enhance the activity of Ts cells [22 ]. Through the Yc Rose and EA rosette forming the rate of confirmed LBP10mg/kg gavage to mice, for 7 d, can significantly increase the macrophage C 3b and the Fc receptor number and vitality, and can weaken into acetic acid Hydrocortisone on macrophage C 3b Fc receptor and the inhibition [23]. (6), artemisinin: its suspension 450 mg / kg ip, for 6 d, the sheep red blood cells in mice sensitized enhance the role of delayed-type hypersensitivity; 300 ~ 600mg/kg ip, Rose specific immune suppression in mice Flower forming, inhibit hemolytic plaque formation for the suspension of the , , in vitro and promote transformation of lymphocytes, immune cells that promote the humoral immunity and are inhibited [24]. (7), the LDC Fuling; the humoral immune response without inhibition, but the option of inhibiting cell immune response. Its water extract of the antigen sensitization after the attack and after treatment were significantly curbed Picryl chloride (pc) mice contact dermatitis and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) by the reaction of the foot, when the role of administration after the attacks more Strong. In addition, the goods on the formation of antibodies in mice SRBC cells had no significant impact, but its hemolytic plaque clearly than the control group, at the same time, the level of serum hemolysin not decreased, and was an upward trend in [25]. Fuling compound soil water, alcohol extract of gavage can inhibit the rat egg white and Carrageenan foot swelling [26]. (8), Cistanche: decoction of oral prednisolone to enhance the low Yang mice humoral and cellular immune function [27]; enhanced single-core - macrophage phagocytosis [28]; their water extract of 50 mg / kg, 100mg/kg gavage to mice, can significantly increase the weight of the spleen and thymus, enhanced macrophage phagocytosis, increase hemolysin and hemolytic plaque value, increase lymphocyte transformation rate, 3 H-TdR incorporation The increase in lymphocytes, enhanced mice delayed hypersensitivity, but also increased peritoneal macrophages in the CAMP level, lower level of CGMP, CAMP / CGMP ratio increased, this may be its enhanced peritoneal macrophages Phagocytosis one of the reasons [29]. (9), Dodder: its extract / kg ig, for 6 d, burn mice can be enhanced macrophage phagocytosis, an increase of serum antibody hemolysin spleen cells and enhance the proliferation of ConA [30]. (10), Bajitian: Wen Jinji 64 g / kg / day orally, can minors thymus atrophy, 10g/kg / day intraperitoneal injection, the thymus atrophy is also very significant, Bajitian 50 percent ethanol extract Of 60 g / kg / day of oral also make a minor thymus atrophy [31]. Its decoction, for delivery 10 days, but can inhibit the thymus atrophy and increase the number of leukocytes in the blood of the function [32]. . Microbial resistance of the role of (1), Mian Ma Guanzhong: decoction with test-tube dilution, 1: 800 to 1: 160 pairs of various types of influenza viruses have different degrees of inhibition [33]; decoction of its chicken test in 1: 104-105 Concentration of PR8 strain of influenza A virus, A virus in Asia have a strong effect [34]. (2), Qingdai: ethanol extract g / ml concentration in vitro test for Bacillus anthracis, pneumonia bacteria, Shigella dysentery bacteria, Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus aureus are white inhibition [35]; effective Effects of one element of wool-like Microsporum, breaking the Xuanjun, red Xuanjun, floc inhibit epidermal Xuanjun, the minimum inhibitory concentration for 5 μ g / ml [36]. (C), Hedyotis diffusa: In vitro antibacterial activity is not significant, only Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella are weak role [37]. High concentrations can inhibit the water decoction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Proteus the growth of many other common pathogenic role of the weak [38]. The rabbit test appendicitis a better effect [39]. (4), Scutellaria barbata: 50% decoction with flat-ditch, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella's blessing, typhoid bacteria, pus antibacterial Green, E. coli inhibit [40]. (5), Wumei: Screening of in vitro found that inhibit a variety of pathogens such as E. coli-dysentery, typhoid bacteria, Bacillus paratyphoid, whooping cough bacteria, such as meningococcus [41-45]. (6), Astragalus: decoction of 50% / only ig, for 2 d, with parainfluenza virus type Ⅰ (Sendai) BB 1株attacks continue to take 5 d, a protective role in mice, the mice can significantly reduce Mortality [46]. Decoction of percent of their concentration. The Sindbis virus, Newcastle disease virus, follicular stomatitis virus and influenza viruses have antiviral activity [47]. (7), artemisinin: water suspension , , / embryo, the embryo infected with influenza virus A 3-Beijing Section 79 - two inhibit [48]. Agar plate method to test for Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, streptococcus B, pneumococcal the LC 50 (mg / ml) of its decoction were , , ,> 200: ethanol extract of their respective To , , , ethanol extract of goods were , , , The drug acid on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus white, enterococci, Bacillus subtilis the minimum inhibitory concentration, respectively , ,> , [49]. The flooding of soft artesunate 1: 3 concentrations in vitro on XU Lan Huang's Xuanjun, Aodu Ang's small Bacillus Xuanjun, the star's card slaves Jundeng skin fungus, have different degrees of inhibition [50 ]. (8), Bajitian: ethanol extract, in vitro to inhibit Bacillus subtilis [51]. Bajitian ethanol extract of in vitro to inhibit the hepatitis B virus [52]. . The impact of the hematopoietic system (A), Astragalus: decoction of 20 g / kg, a total of 10 d, anemia and bleeding on acetylcholine PHENYLHYDRAZINE hemolytic anemia are caused by blood can increase the red blood cells and haemoglobin, cyclophosphamide caused by the WBC and platelet reduce Promote their recovery, would increase the number of reticulocyte and the number of bone marrow cells [53]. (2), Chinese wolfberry: normal mice monthly ig10% decoction of ml for 10 d, WBC will increase. Healthy people and cancer patients taking po wolfberry nuts 50 g / d, even serving 10 d, can significantly increase the WBC [54, 55]. LBP 10 mg / () ip, for 3 d, can promote mouse bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell proliferation, increased significantly tablets single progenitor cells, promote their differentiation to the tablets [56]. (C), Dodder: the suppression of cyclophosphamide tablets progenitor cells (CFU-D) to promote the growth of [57]. . Anti-Fatigue Effect (A), Wumei: dry goods can eliminate fatigue, citric acid in the body the energy conversion process is indispensable to the material, physical fatigue in the blood lactate divided into CO 2 and H 2 O and from in vitro, thereby preventing lactic acid and muscle Protein binding, to avoid cell and vascular sclerosis [58]. (2), Cistanche: water decoction of the pharmacological experiments conducted in vitro studies showed that the inhibition of rat liver homogenate LPO and the formation of strong anti-fatigue and anti-anoxia role [59]. Decoction of gavage Cistanche mice, mice can extend the time for swimming, sports load serum creatine kinase reduce the rate of increase, indicating the increase in physical goods is on the basis of its role in the anti-fatigue [60]. Conclusion: After the "antidote Vitamin Tablets," Shi Sanwei prescription medicines in the analysis, summarized the following five aspects of the effect: 1. Shiwei drugs on immune function, namely: Qingdai, Hedyotis diffusa, Scutellaria barbata, astragalus, Chinese wolfberry son, artesunate, soil Fuling, Cistanche, Dodder, Bajitian. 2. Bawei Chinese medicine against pathogenic microbes inhibit, namely: Mian Ma Guanzhong, Qingdai, Hedyotis diffusa, Scutellaria barbata, Wumei, astragalus, artesunate, Bajitian. 3. Liuwei drugs to kill leukemia cells, namely: Mian Ma Guanzhong, Qingdai, Hedyotis diffusa, Scutellaria barbata, Wumei, artesunate. 4. Shamisen Chinese medicine on hematopoietic function, namely: Astragalus, Chinese wolfberry son, Cuscuta. 5. The fight against drug taste of the role of fatigue are: Wu Mei, Cistanche. According to this analysis, for detoxification vitamin tablets provide further clinical application of the reference. 我给你一个英文药理文献网，里面有你说需的！：
Now ,preparation enough to shower and their quality inspection. Methods orthogonal test and optimization of Matrine Kushen Shikonin shikonin in the extraction process, through UV spectrophotometry of matrine and shikonin to determine the content and matrine, Shikonin Su, salicylic acid, benzoic acid and boric acid dissolved by a certain percentage to experiment. Chemical composition analysis by TLC and test-tube experiments in the Kushen Matrine and Shikonin shikonin in the chemical composition testing. Results TLC and test-tube experiments that matrine for alkaloids, shikonin for anthraquinone. By orthogonal testing and optimal UV spectrophotometry elected from the programme. Through the dissolution of the prescription drug in the form of suspension, enough to shower the end of samples. Conclusion T concentration of dissolved choice of 95 percent ethanol as solvent. Through L9 (33) orthogonal experiment to determine the optimal extraction process, that is, from time to 30 min, the temperature was 60 ℃, alcohol concentration of 60 percent, to matrine for reference substance, with its Determination in the matrine Rate of percent. After experimental exploration, extraction by ultrasound Shikonin the best of conditions, namely the concentration of 70 percent ethanol, ultrasonic power for 400 w, feed than for the higher rate of extraction at 1:40. Preparation is simple enough to shower, to actual production, reduce energy and save time, have greater value and the development and utilization of broad market prospects. Keyword: Shikonin; Kushen; orthogonal design; TLC
The English translation of 论文 is "thesis" or "dissertation".
研究论文中国药理学报2010年6月31期 746-752页 【数字对象唯一标识符】：吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗Ⅱ期非小细胞肺癌的临床研究范云，李能明，马胜林，罗吕红，罗芳，黄志宇，于海峰，吴凤琴摘要目的：对未接受过化疗的III期和IV期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者，静脉注射吉西他滨，d1、d5，顺铂 d1，以研究吉西他滨（dFdC）的药效学药和药代动力学。方法：一个联合治疗周期，吉西他滨1250 mg/m2，静脉输液30 min，d1、d5，每三周静脉输液一次顺铂75mg/m2，d1。两次注射间隔1hr。观察该方案的毒性反应。此外，第一次输液周期中监测不同时期的吉西他滨（dFdC）及其代谢产物（dFdU）的血药浓度。使用药代动力学软件（PKS）评价吉西他滨及其代谢产物（dFdU）药代动力学参数。结果：共有28名患者参与此项研究，平均年龄54岁（介于27~75岁之间），大多数病人的临床表现良好。27名患者接受了2个或以上的治疗周期。临床总有效率为。中位生存期13个月。估算的肿瘤进展时间(TTP)中位天数为个月，1年生存率为。毒性反应总的较轻。主要毒性为骨髓抑制；的病人出现3/4度血液学毒性，而的病人出现3/4度非血液学毒性——常见的胃肠道反应。吉西他滨及其代谢产物（dFdU）药代动力学参数在注射吉西他滨d1、d5前后无差异。在注入吉西他滨d5前，dFdU（2，2'—双氟脱氧胞嘧啶核苷）的最低浓度为± μg/mL，而吉西他滨未检测到。结论：该方案是治疗未接受过化疗的非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）晚期患者的有效方案，总体临床耐受性良好。在静脉滴入吉西他滨，d1、d5后，吉西他滨及其代谢产物（dFdU）药代动力学参数较之前无差异，而在注入吉西他滨d5前，dFdU（2，2'—双氟脱氧胞嘧啶核苷）浓度最低。
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摘要目标为了研究吉西他滨的药效学和药物动力学的作用， 在未做过化疗的IIIB期或IV期非小细胞型肺癌的病人中，在第一天(不确定是什么意思，但估计是day 1 的意思）和第5天给予吉西他滨和顺铂，第5天只单独给予吉西他滨。方法在每一个周期中，第一天和第5天吉西他滨的剂量是1250毫克每平方米，30分钟静脉输液完。第一天在给予吉西他滨后再给与顺铂75毫克每平方米，3小时静脉输液完。每3周一次。两次输液中间间隔一小时。这种治疗的临床反应和毒性被密切观察了。另外，吉西他滨的血浆含量和代谢物在不同时间点上的值在第一个周期中被侦察了。药物动力学的软件PKS被用于分析吉西他滨的药物动力学计数和它的代谢产物。结果这次研究中一共有28位病患。中间年龄54岁（从27－75岁），大部分病患处于良好状态。27位病患接受了2次或更多的周期治疗。总体临床反应率为％。总体来说，平均存活时间为13个月。肿瘤发展平均时间为个月，一年存活率是％。毒性可承受。主要毒性是骨髓抑制。的病患有3/4级血液毒性，％有非血液型毒性，比如胃肠道反应。吉西他滨的血浆含量和代谢产物的药物动力学计数在给药前和给药后是不同的。吉西他滨的代谢产物最小值 ± μg/mL是在静脉输入吉西他滨之前和不给与吉西他滨的时候。结论这个治疗方法对于非化疗的已发展的非小细胞型肺癌患者是可承受并有作用的。在第一天和第五天给与吉西他滨后，吉西他滨的血浆含量和代谢产物的药物动力学计数没有任何不同和在输液前相比。而且在第5天给药前吉西他滨的代谢产物达到最小值。
结论根据photoreactivity、分光学和光谱数据，我们确定新的photoproduct的结构是nonadjacent同边反cyclobutane二聚体被形成在T2和T7之间以结构描述的绝对立体化学I (图8B)。 这是cyclobutane二聚体的第一个interstrand类型在脱氧核糖核酸将隔绝和描绘的。 没有可能解释这个产品的高出产量形成的可预测的稳定的华森痛性痉挛被折叠的结构d (GTATCATGAGGTGC)。 根据我们的突变形成和集中研究，我们推测序列采取一个高次被折叠的结构在酸碱度5由配对在子线之间的相互和分子内基地，留待去阐明。 这interstrand photoproduct的形成也建议photoproducts的这样类型在生物重要高次脱氧核糖核酸结构在telomeres和促进者在我主题结构也许也形成例如在G四重唱结构之间圈和在子线之间。此中被描述的方法可能用于辨认和映射在解答可能使用作为区别的探针在体内各种各样的折叠的结构之间和的这样photoproducts。 一旦interstrand photoproduct形成结构活动关系更好被了解，它是可以想像的它可能为高次脱氧核糖核酸结构的装配和描述特性也使用为nanotechnological应用。
人工翻译，请放心采纳整体来说，药理学涵盖历史、来源、物理和化学性质、混配，生化和生理效果、作用机理、吸收、分布、生物转化和排泄，以及药物治疗及其他用途的知识。因为一种药物大体上被定义为影响生命过程的任何化学制剂，药理学的学科主体显然相当广泛。可是，对于医生和医学学生，药理学的范围并不如上面定义指出的那么宽泛。临床医生主要对预防、诊断和治疗人类疾病有用的药物感兴趣，或对于预防怀孕有用的药物感兴趣。他对这些药物的药理学的研究可以合理地限制在为其合理的临床用途提供基础的那些方面。
当英语论文，或其他重要的英文文书的初稿撰写完成后，在提交给相关读者阅读之前，必须要经过润色才比较保险。找北京译顶科技，性价比高，我就是在那边做的。你可以加速去知道了解下
专业名词太多了
In this paper, the use of silica gel column chromatography to chloroform - methanol as the mobile phase gradient elution of the product of two reactions to separation and purification, the two kinds of compounds, by means of the application of nuclear magnetic resonance identification of the two kinds of compounds, are XX and yy. In this paper, the structural modification ligustrazine, isolated two kinds of compounds, for the subsequent modification of the structure of this compound to provide a certain amount of experience
s why more and more people are being active in various kinds of sports and exercises.
If people follow these three ways of keeping fit. Some practice shadowboxing and swordplay while others run. Every morning many people get up early and take much exercise.
First, block the flow of blood, and therefore should be given up, walk or dance to music. This strengthens the heart. They advise people to eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat such as beef and pork because meat contains more fat than poultry and fish.
Medical researchers have proved that what people eat affects their health, it is essential to do the following. Some play basketball or volleyball or table tennis? Different people may give different answers to this question. Unfortunately few people follow this advice. Through sports and exercise, people bee healthier and stronger;s health a great deal. Smoking and drinking alcohol injure one'. Fat can build up in the arteries. That'.
Getting rid of bad habits like *** oking and drinking alcohol is also an important way to keep healthy, reduces the chance of heart attack. Research shows that getting plenty of exercise make the heart beat faster and the lungs work harder. In my opinion, it is absolutely necessary to take some exercise every day, and cause a heart attack or stroke. In the afternoon, others go in for gymnastics or track events,there are also many people keen on sports, and helps lower blood pressureHow to Keep Healthy
Nowadays more and more people are concerned about their health. But how to keep healthy, they greatly improve their health, jog
All people in urban and rural areas will enjoy basic medical care and health services by increasing government responsibility and spending, we will also encourage greater participation of private capital from both home and abroad in the reform covers a wide range of subjects including insurance, drug manufacturing, distribution and supervision, and legislation of medical put into place basic medical and health care systems covering both urban and rural residents, and ensure that every resident has access to safe。
The disturbing phenomenon has caused wide social concern. There are several underlying causes behind it. Nowadays, people tend to care more about their health and expect a longer life span, thus causing a boom in medical treatment. People are willing to spend more money on health care. Some hospitals take advantage of this and offer patients more unnecessary physical examinations in order to make more profits. 令人不安的现象引起了广泛的社会关注。
有几个背后的原因。如今，人们更关心他们的健康，期望寿命更长，从而导致了医疗的繁荣。
人们愿意花更多的钱在医疗保健上。一些医院利用这一优势，为患者提供更多不必要的体检，以使更多的利润。
In my view, it's high time that urgent measures should be taken to improve the present situation. First, doctors should live up to patients' expectations and put saving people's lives above anything else. Second, the authorities should shoulder its responsibility to ensure that hospitals provide people with high-quality medical care at a reasonable price. 在我看来，现在应该采取紧急措施来改善目前的形势了。首先，医生应该对病人的期望值，并把人的生命放在其他任何东西上面。
其次，当局应承担起它的责任，确保医院为人民提供高质量的医疗服务，以合理的价格。
The disturbing phenomenon has caused wide social concern. There are several underlying causes behind it. Nowadays, people tend to care more about their health and expect a longer life span, thus causing a boom in medical treatment. People are willing to spend more money on health care. Some hospitals take advantage of this and offer patients more unnecessary physical examinations in order to make more profits.
令人不安的现象引起了广泛的社会关注。有几个背后的原因。如今，人们更关心他们的健康，期望寿命更长，从而导致了医疗的繁荣。人们愿意花更多的钱在医疗保健上。一些医院利用这一优势，为患者提供更多不必要的体检，以使更多的利润。
In my view, it's high time that urgent measures should be taken to improve the present situation. First, doctors should live up to patients' expectations and put saving people's lives above anything else. Second, the authorities should shoulder its responsibility to ensure that hospitals provide people with high-quality medical care at a reasonable price.
在我看来，现在应该采取紧急措施来改善目前的形势了。首先，医生应该对病人的期望值，并把人的生命放在其他任何东西上面。其次，当局应承担起它的责任，确保医院为人民提供高质量的医疗服务，以合理的价格。
Campus Life 有关校园生活的英语作文
Early in senior high school, we longed to be enrolled in a university. Now the dream has e true. But how do we college students like our campus life?
Certainly, some relish it, finding it colorful and rewarding. Besides study, they spend considerable amount of time improving themselves in various aspect. Yet others do not think much of their college life, thus do not benefit as much. In their eyes, the university is just a bigger high school. The only difference is that they have more time at their disposal without parents looking over their shoulder.
As to me, college life is ideal if only I have abundant books to read, some bosom friends to keep me pany, a couple of conscientious professors to instruct me, and an easy access to the Inter.
范文二：
My station in university campus inch territory, breathes and feels a here freshness. The university life like this started. The life four years time already the picture got down certainly has run the line, you along this path endless long journey, the university time will say regarding me will be fresh, the biography first time was far away the hometown, trod studies the road. I to the university life am fuzzy, after investigates many times, everybody is o characters ----- is bored to the university life feeling, perhaps has that a reason! Three years high school life is such intense stimulates. Recollected also a little is afraid, facing high school's intense sprint, diligently was admitted to a school dream of the university, everybody is the like this struggle, assaults the dream. At the present, steps into the university campus, studies the life has had the bored feeling.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PRODUCTION PLANNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF SURVEYING AND MAPPING PROJECTKEY WORDS: GIS,Design,Analysis,Application,Management,ProductionABSTRACT:With the development of photogrammetry and spatial information sciences, we have found many new methods to solve the technical problem in surveying and mapping project. But there is a little research on the project management. Traditional management method is plex and time-consuming. Now, we need use new technique to improve the management method for enhancing management level. Taking “National Western Surveying and Mapping Project on 1:50000 Topological Maps Blank Area” as an example, this paper focus on production planning management. The project is remarkable, not only the task and extent is tremendous, but also the staff and stuff are excessive. The Blank Area has atrocious weather and extreme hypsography. All of the conditions increase the project management difficulty. For reasonable planning and logical budget, we designed and realized a production planning management system to give the decision support to the managers. This paper studies the system'e69da5e6ba903233363533362s requirement *** ysis, system structure and function in . INTRODUCTIONNowadays, Geographical Information Systems(GIS) are powerful and useful as means of information, visualization and research tools(Quan Bao,2004). Most GIS sofare is more suited to providing limited types of output than as a tool to support, at anything other than a superficial level, tactical or strategic decision-making processes. To improve the usefulness of GIS as a decision support tool, o needs are apparent. First, decision-makers require methods that allow them to easily select alternatives across a number of relevant criteria. Second, it is necessary to explicitly recognize that most decision-making processes involve multiple participants. Since problem solving id often characterized by multiple and conflicting objectives, methods that contribute toward more a pletely aiding decision system are required.。
同医学专业，室友分享给我的一个翻译网站，感觉还可，网站名字叫翻译狗，平时刷文献就靠他了，以前看一篇文献，光是翻译就要花上好久，等翻完了，完全没动力去看文献内容，现在，分分钟就能翻译好
我当时没办法解决，英文不好，找的清北医学翻译。医学翻译的第一。非常好。
医学论文翻译一般较多的是医学论文的摘要翻译，即把医学论文的摘要翻译成英文，在国外期刊上发表都会要求整篇论文翻译成英文。一、在相关专业医学论文翻译中，要达到表意准确，必须了解相关领域的知识，熟练掌握同一概念的中英文表达法。单纯靠对语言的把握也能传达双方的语言信息，但在运用语言的灵活性和准确性两方而部会受到很大限制。要解决这个问题，译者就要努力熟悉这个领域的相关知识，比如，因此了解相关领域知识，在翻译过程中对翻译人员的语言理解力和医学论文翻译质量都有很大帮助。二、医学论文翻译的翻译标准。医学论文翻译标准是翻译实践的准绳和衡量译文好坏的尺度。关于翻译的标准，历来提法很多。有的主张“信、达、雅”，有的主张“信、顺”等等。但有一点是共同的，即一切译文都应包括原文思想内容和译文语言形式这两方面。>为此，在进行医学论文翻译时应坚持两条标准：>（一）忠实。应忠实于原内容，准确地、完整地、科学地表达原文的内容不得有任何篡改、歪曲、遗漏或任意增删的现象。内容通常指文中所叙述的事实，说明的事理，作者在叙述、说明和描写过程中所反映的思想、观点、立场和所流露的感情等。>（二）通顺。医学论文翻译语言必须通顺易懂，符合规范，用词造句应符合本族语的习惯，要用民族的、科学的、大众的语言，以求通顺易懂。不应有文理不通、结构混乱、逐词死译和生硬晦涩等现象。三、过程中要体现语言结构特色（一）词汇上的特点1. 词义演变。医学论文翻译的专业词汇通常都出现在特定领域，它一般分为两类：一类是某一专业特有的词汇，这类词汇一般具有一词对应一义的特点；还有一类由普通词汇演变而来的专业词汇，这类词汇一词多义，必须应用语言学知识和专业知识综合分析，在翻译实践中不断丰富扩大。2. 词缀。比如：从词源学的角度来看，在医学英语词汇中，希腊语、拉丁语的词素占有极高比率。据Oscar 的统计，一万个医学词汇约有46%来自拉丁语；来自希腊语，希腊、拉丁词素是医学英语词汇的重要基础。希腊语、拉丁语拥有极丰富的词缀，且每个词缀都有其固定意义，可与不同的词干组成无数新词。3. 动词多使用规范的书面语。英语词汇从语体的特点来分，可分为普通词汇和正式词汇。普通词汇大部分是英语本族语，常用于英语口语和文学作品中，正式词汇大部分是外来词，常用于科技、经济、政治等较正式的文章中。（二）大量使用名词化结构1. 医学论文中大量使用名词化结构 (Nominalization)是医学论文翻译的特点之一，因为文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实，而非某一行为。2. 大量使用长句和定语从句医学论文翻译中大量使用长句和定语从句，在论证上起到连接信息和强调信息的作用。3. 名词作定语和缩写词使用频繁。医学论文翻译中要求行文简炼、结构紧凑，名词作定语和缩写词的频繁使用，简化了句型，增大了信息密度。4. 广泛使用被动语态。医学论文中侧重叙事推理，强调客观准确，第一、二人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述，采用被动语态。四、医学论义翻译的翻译方法。医学论义翻译要提高翻译量，使译文达到准确、通顺这两个标准，就必须运用医学论文翻译技巧。医学论文翻译技巧指翻译过程中用词造句的处理方法，如词义的引申、增减、词类转换和领域术语的翻译方法等。（一）引申法。医学论文翻译时，有时会遇到某些词在英语词典上找不到适当的词义，如果任意硬套或逐词死译，会使医学论文翻译生硬晦涩，不能确切表达原意，甚至造成误解。这时则可以在不脱离该英语词义的前提下，灵活选择怡当的汉语词语或词组译出。（二）增词译。由于英汉两种语言在词语用法、句子结构和表达方式上有许多差异，医学论文翻译时往往需要增加一些原文中没有的词，使译文通顺而且更加忠实地表达原文的意思。增词译的情况有两种。一种是根据意义或修辞的需要，如增加表示时态意义的词，增加英语不及物动词隐含的宾语意义的词。另一种是根据句法上的需要，增加原文句子中所省略的词。（三）省略译。省略译是将原文中的宥些词省略不译，以使译文符合语言习惯。（四）词类转换英译汉时，常常需要将英语句子中属于某种词类的词，译成另一种词类的汉语词，以使译文通顺自然，符合汉语的表达习惯。这种翻译处理方法就是转换词性法，简称词类转换。（五）领域专业术语的译法。医学论文翻译中有大量的术语，而且科学性、专业性很强。领域专业术语的译法有意译、音译、象形译和原形译四种。总之，医学论文的翻译需要专业的医学学科知识和大量对学术名词的积累。希望能帮到你，也可以自己去找相关的机构帮你