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英语毕业的论文答辩稿（精选6篇）
毕业论文答辩是一种有组织、有准备、有计划、有鉴定的比较正规的审查论文的重要形式。为了搞好毕业论文答辩，在举行答辩会前，校方、答辩委员会、答辩者（撰写毕业论文的作者）三方都要作好充分的准备。下面是我整理的英语毕业的论文答辩稿（精选6篇），欢迎大家分享。
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am xxx and my supervisor is . With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !
晚上好，所有的评估委员会成员。我来自HUST，主修外国语言学和应用语言学。我是xxx，我的主管是教授。 xxx。凭着她的真诚和智慧的指导，近一年的辛苦工作，我已经完成了我的论文。最后，这是展示时间。今天晚上，我将向大家致以衷心的感谢，我衷心地欢迎您的加入。
我的论文的标题是哥特式风格的研究
我希望通过研究这个短小的故事，我们可以在某些历史和文化中更多地描述美国南方妇女，更多地要求帮助现代社会的妇女对自己有一个广泛的了解，帮助我们提高我的独立性和信心，并更多地关注我们的心理健康该
接下来，我将向您介绍。这是我演讲的大纲。他们是文学评论，哥特式传统，哥特式风格的故事和哥特风格的原因。
本文由六部分组成。第一部分提出了作者威廉·福克纳(William Faulkner)和艾米莉·艾丝丽(A Rose)的作者，指出了这项研究的目的.和意义。第二部分是文献综述，对国内外这本小说进行了相关研究，并指出了理论依据和方法。第三部分给出了小说中哥特式传统的时间表，即死亡主题，独特的人物和神秘的气氛。部分原因，详细介绍了这本小说中哥特式风格的原因：父权制的压迫，南方女士的神话和艾米莉对爱情的态度。最后，在结论中，笔者对以前的部分进行了梳理，再次强调了论文论证的意义。
好的，就是这样。现在你可以提出你的问题!我准备好了!谢谢 ！
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ：
I am Wu Lin. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professor Hu Anjiang, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van Winkle).
The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. i am xxxx and my supervisor is xxx. with her constant encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper. now, it is the show time. i will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!
Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m xxx and come from class x. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.
The title of my paper is xxxxxxxxxxxxx. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.
Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.
Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.
Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.
For the above facts, I select this title.
Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.
The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.
The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.
The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.
The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.
The last part is the conclusion.
I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.
When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.
That’s all. Thank you.
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
英语毕业论文答辩（通用6篇）
英语的论文答辩要点是格式最好少些瑕疵，提前将abstract和conclusion背一背。有利于答辩的顺利进行。下面是我为大家整理的.关于英语毕业论文的答辩。欢迎大家阅读。
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of On Transformation of parts of speech as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.
The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.
So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.
Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ：
I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am xxx and my supervisor is her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !
Good morning, appraises committee members and schoolmates. I come from class 08951, and I am Yu Lianfei.
Today, the title of my paper is On the Network Novels. In recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. Network novel is one of the fast of them. In the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels' addicts. For the above facts,I select the subject of “on the network novels” as the title of my paper. Then, I will show it to you. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into four parts, as the concept of network novels, the classification of their authors, the development of network novels and the prospects of that.
The first part, the definition. Its concept can be divided into the generalized and the narrow. And it can also be divided into boys’ and girls’ in another way.
The second part, the classification of their authors. Generally speaking, there are four kinds of authors. The first kind is some people who have favor of literature, they are writing but not for fame. Then, there is some one has favor for literature and also be for fame. The third kind is some people who have explicit goals at the beginning of his writing. And the last kind are some people who just want to express their view, their viewpoint and their feeling with no desire of being published. They take up the most of the authors.
The third part, the development. The network novels’ development can not separate form the development of the net and the literature websites. Its developing process may be divided into three stages approximately. The first stage is from 1996 to 2000. This time's literary work often did not strive for (were also not aware of) the fame and fortune, and moreover received the control of tradition. The second stage is beginning of 21st century, mainly contains 2001 and 2002. In this period, the whole network presented the situation of “chaos”. The third stage is from May, 2003 and continues until now. In this period, many schools come into the world, and when a school became a hit there must be many people mimic it.
The last part, the forecast. Looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. If each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person’s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.
Not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.
Teachers, good afternoon! My name is Chen Jing, the students of class xxx, my thesis topic is《 the power of the giver and the victim, foucault power interpretation theory perspective, the heroine in “the golden notebook, Anna》，thesis is completed under Wang Zhiqin teacher of meticulous guidance, here, I express my deep appreciation to my supervisor, to the teachers to take part in my thesis express our heartfelt thanks to you for, and for the past three years I have a chance to listen to the teachings, teachers say heartfelt I will this paper design the research background, significance and main content of the teacher made a report, please the teacher criticism guidance.
First of all, I want to talk about the research background and significance of the graduation thesis design.
Since the Golden Notebook involves comprehensive themes such as colonialism,feminism,racism,communism etc. and due to its severely fragmented writing forms,it has intrigued groups of both domestic and overseas critics. The research abroad could be roughly divided into three stages. The first comes about the biography of the author”],the general introduction and reading background of this novel,then a number of explorations over the themes of this book have been conducted, from the most popular one feminism,psychological featuresto the philosophical elements. Finally, critics shifted their concentration to the unique form or style applied by Lessing,for instance they analyzed the varied narrative techniques employed within ,the aesthetic value it displayed ,as well as its artistic nature generated by its messy it is worth mentioning that in 2006 Tapan has composed a specific collection of reviews on the Golden the study over this novel in foreign country has been quite fruitful and mature, the research in China is far lagging behind, most of them just emphasized the novel's multiplethemes such as feminism,eco-economic,psychology and modemism Thus more angels should be discovered by scholars at home, such as colonialism, religious and psychological exploration, and their research method should be more diversified,for instance,the potential inter-disciplinary study of this novel are waiting to be excavated, and seldomhave critics compared this masterpiece with other similar text.
Based on Foucault's power theory, this thesis is going to explore how the female protagonist Anna in Doris Lessing's the Golden Notebook, the producer and victim of power,fought against her catastrophic life. Through a close reading of the text, this thesis aims at making a Foucanldian interpretation on Lessing's motivation behind portraying such a schizophrenic female personality, convincing the reader that power permeates every capillary of the society mainly by exerting influence on power relations between individual. Sinceeverything concerns with the functioning of power, be it tragedy or comedy, Anna's destiny cannot be an exception, instead of restraining from the one-way suppress from men,Foucault's power theory enables us to put the heroine into a larger, more diverse cultural or social background where individual's identity could be perceived with much more plurality or heterogeneity. Ultimately, given Anna's gender attributes, the application of Foucault's power theory to the analysis of heroine can shed light on how women could wittedly deal with their counterpart, strike a balance between freedom and restriction, and thus heading feminism into a more reasonable and rational direction.
Secondly, I want to talk about the structure and main contents of this paper.
The author is going to divide this thesis into five chapters. The first chapter is a briefing about the research background of the Golden Notebook, which provides an overview on the fragmented content and complicated structure of this masterpiece. The second chapter is an introduction of the research status of this novel at home and abroad, at the same time,Foucault's power theory will be elaborated here as the theoretical framework. Chapter three concentrates on the text analysis of the female protagonist Anna's pursuit of the free woman identity, which will be conducted mainly from three perspectives, namely her political faith,marriage and love, as well we psychological status. Through asserting Foucault's power theory into the text analysis, we could get a clear view on how the heroine became the victim of the omnipresent power in contemporary social organizations, and also how individual resisted power via making explorations on the genealogy of the self. Chapter four gives two different interpretations of Anna's destiny, with each representing the common feminists'view and Foucault's version respectively. Via such comparison, the author attempts to find a correlation between Foucault's power theory and feminism, to tell in what ways Foucault'spower theory have modified parts of problems in current feminism, and how the formal convergent with the latter. The last chapter serves as a concluding part in which a summary of this thesis will be reached, and limitations as well as further implications will be point out.
Finally, I want to talk about the deficiency existing in this paper.
The limitations of this thesis cannot be regarded as the challenge to the relevance of Foucaxxlt's theory to feminism; on the contrary, it tells that the value of applying Foucault'spower theory lies precisely in his invitation to feminists to remain highly critical about their previous prejudices as well as their future trends. In order to make full use of Foucault's power theory in modifying feminism, we have to dig out more convergences they share with each other. With the idea that knowledge and truth are partial ones serving as a start,Genealogy is then an excellent perspective for farther explorations on the Foucauldian and feminist projects.
Thank you very much!
Good morning， Distinguished professors and teachers， ladies and gentlemen， thank you for attending the oral defense. I am XX. First and foremost， I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor， professorXX， for his intellectual guidance， invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis. My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative， evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society.
And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part， the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society.
Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part， and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part. Thank you!
翻译是在准确、通顺的基础上，把一种语言信息转变成另一种语言信息的行为。下文是我为大家整理的关于毕业论文英语翻译的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!
谈英文化妆品的翻译
摘 要: 名称的翻译对于化妆品至关重要。本文旨在寻找一个汉译英文化妆品名称的好方法。作者首先介绍了翻译对品牌的重要性,接着对语言和文化关系进行了讨论,然后介绍了中英翻译的四种方法,最后进行了总结。为达到最好的翻译效果,译者应在不同的情况下使用不同的翻译方法。
关键词: 翻译 品牌 化妆品
品牌是由制造商或商品经营者确定的产品徽标。一个良好的品牌翻译将提升该产品的价值,它会吸引公众的眼球,激发他们的购买热情,甚至会影响一个企业的发展。为了迎合消费者,在新的市场,品牌名称应翻译得当。
根据奈达的等价翻译原理,对于真正成功的翻译而言,熟悉两种文化比掌握两种语言更重要(杨朝燕,2001:45)。广告业的大师黄�先生也曾说过:“作为业内人士,我们的工作是要富有创造性的翻译。”(周兆祥,2000:55)因此,在翻译品牌名称时,译者不仅要知道英文单词的字面意思,而且要理解它的文化内涵。这样翻译时才能够正确理解英文品牌的含义,解决文化冲突,吸引消费者。我以外国品牌化妆品为例,讨论翻译的方法。
1.影响英文化妆品品牌翻译的因素
品牌与文化就像是两个彼此密切相关的亲密朋友,哪里有文化,哪里就会有品牌。品牌实际上是一座搭在两个不同的国家之间连接两种不同文化的桥梁。一般来说,文化包括社会意识形态、审美标准、价值观、认知等。随着全球化的发展,国际贸易市场的不断扩大,越来越多的外国化妆品已敲开了中国市场的大门,品牌的翻译变得非常重要。
社会意识形态和价值观念对品牌的翻译起着重要的作用。社会意识形态会限制品牌的文化内涵。虽然全球化程度越来越高,但西方和中国仍然存在着一些分歧。例如,在西方,人们更加注重个人主义。他们更喜欢使用人名、地名或《圣经》中的词汇来命名一个品牌。但在中国,社会意识形态和价值观念不同于西方国家的,人们更加重视集体主义。
价值观是指一个人对周围的客观事物的意义、重要性的总评价和总看法。价值给予品牌独特的文化内涵。在古代,中国基本上是一个农业国,寻求统一的概念,而西方则充斥着价值膨胀和冒险精神。举个例子:“安娜苏”,这个是一个国外化妆品品牌,也是它创始人的名字。这就是一个对个人主义价值观很好的解释。
认知是指人认识外界事物的过程。审美标准是指衡量、评价对象审美价值的相对固定的尺度。为了刺激消费者的购买欲望的产品,译者必须认真翻译品牌,才能使翻译的化妆品满足不同消费者不同的认知和审美心理。例如,大多数人可能听说过著名的香水“Poison”,这个是迪奥公司在1985年专门为西部妇女设计生产的,以满足她们对神秘事物的好奇和对冒险精神的追求。该产品在西方市场销量极好,“神秘和令人难忘的”是西方女性消费者对该产品的共同感受。但是在东方,女性往往更温柔、安静,它被翻译成“百爱神”而不是“毒药”,说明译者选择了适应其民族特点和文化价值的语言。总之,在翻译前译者应该先了解中国和西方国家之间的文化差异,以便在全球市场上更好地翻译。
2.翻译方法
品牌名称的翻译是一个转换和再造的过程。追求同等价值的信息是成功翻译的关键因素。
音译
音译是指根据其目的语发音用近似发音的汉字进行翻译。以“Maybelline”为例,中国将它翻译成“美宝莲”。每一个字都有特别的含义,“美”是指它将会让使用它的女性变得美丽动人;而“莲”是指莲花,表明这个美容效果会使消费者像一个美丽的莲花自然清爽。这些都表明它的功能是让消费者比以前更漂亮。
“Clean&Clear”也是一个很好的例子。如果该品牌被翻译成“干净清透”,它就会失去翻译之美。该品牌被翻译成“可伶可俐”,与品牌原名一样使用了头韵的修辞手法,也有一个类似的原始发音。同时人们将永远清楚这个品牌的目标消费者是可爱的年轻女孩。
“Dove”的本义是鸽子,在国外这是一个温柔和可爱的象征。但在中国,鸽子只是一种鸟类。作为皮肤美容品,如果翻译为“鸽子”,很难被公众接受。因此,在中国它被翻译成“多芬”,意味着更多的芬芳。
还有更多的例子:“EsteeLauder”被翻译成“雅诗兰黛”,“SISTEIN”翻译是翻译成“希斯汀”,“Elizabeth Arden”被翻译成“伊丽莎白・雅顿”等。
意译
意译是指根据原品牌的内涵来翻译,有利于消费者记住该品牌。相比较音译,意译更加尊重不同国家的文化和美学价值。例如,化妆品“BIOCEAN”被翻译成“碧欧泉”。“BIO”是指“生物”,“OCEAN”的意思是“大海”,将海洋生命之美延伸至自然之美,但如果使用音译,将会翻译成“比奥希昂”,显得烦琐和不雅,而“碧欧泉”则避免了这些缺陷。
“Uriage”是一个化妆品的名称,也是阿尔卑斯山中一个温泉的名字,那里的温泉专门用于治疗皮肤问题。作为一个化妆品品牌,“依泉”是一个好的翻译。翻译品牌的同时也展示了该品牌的组成成分和产品功用。
创造性翻译
创造性翻译认为音译和意译都有一部分缺陷,为了达到音、义的完美结合,译者创建另一个单词或词组来充分展示产品的功能。让我们以“Plantesystem”为例。这个品牌是由法国最大的医疗化妆品厂生产的。它的中文意思是“植物系统”。但译者翻译成“欧萃碧”。这种转换不仅使消费者感觉良好,而且强调这是一个来自欧洲以植物为原料的化妆品。
不译
不译即不进行翻译,只是使用原来的名称。根据中华人民共和国商标法,汉字、少数民族语言、外来词和字母可以作为商标注册。随着中国市场的迅速扩展,越来越多的外国化妆品厂商在中国直接注册商标品牌。这样既可以节省翻译费用,又确保了该品牌的异国情调。“VOV”、“HR”、“DHC”这些都是典型的例子。
3.结语
由于社会意识形态、价值观念、认知在中国和西方的审美标准的差异,翻译必须尊重不同的文化背景,并保留其民族特色和品牌的魅力,使原来的语言承担所有的信息和功能。一个成功的品牌翻译,能给消费者深刻印象,而失败的翻译,会令消费者失去兴趣。为了更好地表明外国化妆品的魅力,译者应该寻求最佳的方式来翻译品牌。如果我们将市场比喻成一场战争,成功的品牌名称就像一面旗帜永不落。如果一家公司想打开国外市场,就必须打动消费者。因此,品牌名称的翻译是非常重要的。
参考文献:
[1]包惠南.文化语境与语言翻译[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2001.
[2]冯庆华.实用翻译教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2002.
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[4]周兆祥.翻译与人生[M].中国对外翻译出版公司,2000.
浅析英汉语言文化差异及其翻译
【摘要】把汉语译成英语或把英语译成汉语是一种语言活动，它既涉及汉英两种语言本身的知识，也涉及多方面的文化背景知识。这就需要译者对汉英两种语言的特点、差异及各方面的文化知识有较全面的了解，在充分理解的基础上才能表达完整，翻译出的作品才会忠实于原作。
【关键词】汉语;英语;文化差异;理解与翻译
英语和汉语是两种完全不同的语言，其思维方式和表达习惯可以说是千差万别，不了解这些差别，翻译出的作品肯定会洋相百出、词不达意。因此，要想处理好翻译过程中的难题，关键是要了解汉语与英语的区异。一般来说，所涉及到的汉英语言差异主要表现在以下几个方面：
一、英语语法结构严谨，汉语遣词造句形式灵活
我国著名语言学家王力先生曾经说过：“就句子的结构而言，西洋语言是法治的，中国语言是人治的。”汉语和英语的习惯用法不同。汉语中某一说法本来是很清楚的，谁也不会误解，但如果生搬硬套，逐字译成英语，就很可能词不达意，甚至还会引起误解，闹出笑话，或铸成大错。为了避免这种情况发生，就必须在译文中增补适当的词，把原文中暗含的意思明确地表达出来。例如：
原文：好好学习，天天向上。
如果想当然地翻译成：“Good good study, day day up.”就要贻笑大方了，因为“好好学习，天天向上”是典型的中文表达，直接翻译成英文不符合英文语法。正确的翻译应该是：Work hard and make progress everyday.
另外，汉语中的典故、谚语等，汉语读者熟悉，一看就明白，但是英语读者就不见得能懂，因此翻译时就得适当地添加一些注释性的词语。例如：
“班门弄斧”可译成 This is like showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban，the master carpenter。
在这个例子中，如果不在译文中加上the master carpenter而只译作Lu Ban, 不知道典故的外国读者就会感到茫然，不知道Lu Ban是何许人，因而也就无法理解本句子内在含义。
二、英语句子如参天大树枝叶横生，汉语句子似万顷碧波层层推进
由于英语是“法治”的语言，只要结构上没有出现错误，许多意思往往可以放在一个长句中表达;汉语则正好相反，由于是“人治”，语义通过字词直接表达，不同的意思往往通过不同的短句表达出来。例如：
原文：In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors.
译文：门口放着一堆雨伞，少说有十二把，五颜六色，大小不一。
如果把这个句子译成“门口放着至少有十二把五颜六色大小不一的雨伞”，译文一听就是翻译腔调，语言色彩大打折扣。
英语句子不仅可以在简单句中使用很长的修饰语使句子变长，同时也可以用从句使句子变复杂。例如：
原文：Can you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling me for a long time?
译文：有一个问题困扰我好长时间了，想请教你，你能回答吗?
汉语用三个分句表达原文的意思，显然效果很好，如果译成：你能回答一个长时间困扰着我使我想问你的问题吗?不仅效果不好，而且显得绕嘴。
三、英语中被动式居多，汉语中主动式居多
我们知道，在汉语中被动式使用较少，我们叙述一种行为的时候常采用主动式。而英语则不然，大量的及物动词可以用被动式，不少相当于及物动词的短语也可以用被动式。例如：
(1)English is spoken here. 这儿讲英语。
(2)It is hoped that you will have a chance to visit China. 欢迎你有机会来中国访问。
汉语的被动句子，从结构上来说大体可分为两大类：一类带有表达被动意义的标记，如“被”、“受”、“遭”、“给”、“挨”等;另一类则不带这种标记。普通而常见的是后一类。但不论哪一类，译成英语时基本上都可运用被动语态。例如：
(1)他被选为学生会主席。He was elected Chairman of the Students’Union.
(2)这个问题正在研究。The problem is now bEing studied.
但必须注意的是，并不是所有带被动标记的句子都一定要译成英语的被动式。比如“老太太被风吹病了”，若译成“The old lady was blown sick by the wind” 就成了中国式的英语了，而只有译成“The old lady fell ill because of the draught.”才符合英语表达习惯。
四、思维习惯差异
不同文化的人，生活习惯和思维方式都有很多不同，翻译时也必须作等值意义转换。如：英语民族的人见面时喜欢谈天气，说“Lovely weather，isn’tit”之类的话，根据英美人的习惯，这无非是一句最方便、最不得罪人的见面语。而在我国, 自古就“民以食为天”,人们见面时爱说“吃了吗?”在多数情况下，说话人并不十分关心别人是不是吃饭了，而只是一种招呼罢了。中国人听到这些问话也只是回答说“吃了”或“没吃呐”，实际上是个应酬。这样的对话如果译成英文只说“A：How do you do? B：How do you do?”或“A：Hi! B：Hi!” 就行了。如果将A的问话改译成“Have you had you meal?”如果被问者B是英语民族的人，他心理上首先的反应是：“Yes, I have.”或 “No, l haven't”或“Do you mean to invite me to dinner?”由于这种文化上的差异，汉语中许多围绕“吃饭”问题所形成的词语，在英语中就很难找到字面对应的表达法，对于“饭桶”、“吃不开”、“吃不了兜着走”等这一系列说法只好分别意译为“good- for-nothing”，“be unpopular”，“land oneself in serious trouble”，等才能基本如实传达原文的含义。
五、物指联想差异
同一客观事物，在不同的文化里可能包含不同的价值，引起不同的联想，具有不同的内涵。动物比喻(Animal Metaphors)在汉英两种语言中均有广泛的使用。然而，由于文化背景、思维方式的不同，人们对动物比喻的正确理解和翻译存有障碍。从翻译的角度总体说来，动物比喻可以分为两大类，一类是：译语与原语存在对应的关系，翻译时可采用同值、近值互借法，以再现原语形象。例如：
(1)He is as sly as a fox. 他狡猾得像个狐狸。
(2)A wolf in sheep’s clothing 披着羊皮的狼
另一类是：同一动物形象在原语和译语中的语用意义相去甚远。因此，在翻译过程中就出现了动物形象名称的转换。这种动物形象的转换可以是一种动物形象转换为另一种动物形象, 也可以是一种动物形象转换成人的形象，例如：
(1)Talk horse.吹牛。(horse译为“牛”)
(2)Black sheep.害群之马。(sheep译为“马”)
(3)Every dog has his day. 凡人皆有得意日。(dog 译成“人”)
翻译过程中出现的这种动物形象的喻体转换丰富了动物成语的内涵，同时，它作为一种重要的修辞手法，创造出生动、鲜明的形象，能产生良好的艺术效果。
为使译文读者得到和原文读者基本相同的文化信息，在翻译中遇到两种文化差异特别大时，用直译无法使译文传达信息，译者就要在充分理解原文的基础上在译文文化中寻找对应的表达方式，做出各种必要的转换，进行意译。
【参考文献】
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Commencement Design, Thesis Prepared for Commencement and Intership Report
“论文”一词的英文表达很多，通常因场合、用处不同而有不同的表达，下面罗列了几种，请楼主斟酌一下那一种是适合自己。*dissertation（博士学位）论文，（专题）论文，学术演讲：长而正式的论文，尤指大学里由博士学位攻读者所写的论文；学位论*disquisition专题论文；专题演讲，专题讨论：关于一个论题的正式讨论，常为书面形式*thesis命题论文：尤指出于获得学位的研究需要而改进原来观点以作为研究成果的论文*discourse（学术）讨论，研讨用的论文*paper作业形式的，为达到某一目的或效果（如学位）而写的
把重复率非常高的段落，用在线翻译，翻译成小语种，比如法语、俄语、西班牙语等等，然后再翻译回来，你会发现，整句话会给人耳目一新的感觉！北京译顶科技做的不错，可以联系他们一下你可以统一去知道了解下
参考文献在论文中发挥着重要的作用 ,但往往被许多作者、编辑、读者忽视。下面是我带来的关于商务英语毕业论文文献的内容，欢迎阅读参考!
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[6]黎会华·多丽丝·莱辛《金色笔记》中的现代主义技巧分析[J].外语研究，2003(6)：73.
[7]陈才宇，刘新民.金色笔记[M].北京：译林出版社，2000.
[8]黎会华·解构菲勒斯中心：构建新型女性主义主体一《金色笔记》的女性主义阅读[J].浙江师范大学学报，2004(3)：33.
[9]韩小敏，纪卫宁.析伍尔夫与莱辛文学创作的相似性[J].理论专刊，2004(8)：125-126.
[10]姜红.有意味的形式[J].外国文学，2003(4)：96-98.
[11]徐燕.《金色笔记》的超小说艺术[J].宁波大学学报，2003(3)：78-80
[12]蒋花，史志康.整合与对话一论《金色笔记》中的戏仿[J].当代外国文学，2007(2)：78.
[13]卢婧.《金色笔记》的艺术形式与作者莱辛的人生体验[D].南京师范大学博士学位论文，2008.
[14]佘海若.迟来的正义：被缚的自由女性一记2007年诺贝尔文学奖[J].今日科苑，2007(23)： 19-24.
[15]刘颖.建构女性的主体性话语一评多丽丝·莱辛的《金色笔记》[J].邵阳学院学报，2004(4).
商务英语毕业论文开题报告2篇
无论是在学习还是在工作中，大家肯定对论文都不陌生吧，论文是进行各个学术领域研究和描述学术研究成果的一种说理文章。相信写论文是一个让许多人都头痛的问题，下面是我为大家整理的商务英语毕业论文开题报告，希望能够帮助到大家。
一、论文的来源，目的，意义，国内外概况和预测
xx年11月10日深夜,世界贸易组织第四届部长级会议通过了中国加入世界贸易组织的决定。无论按什么标准来撰写中国改革开放的历史,加入世界贸易组织都将会被列入这一时期最重大的事件之一。加入世界贸易组织是中国改革开放的必然结果，中国加入世界组织必将加快改革开放的步伐。。
可以说，中国加入世贸对中国绝大部分行业的发展是有利的，但有机遇同样就会有挑战，尤其是对中国农业的发展。目前，中国农业正在进入一个新的发展阶段，中国加入wto，农业面临一个新的国际环境，新阶段新环境将把中国农业推向市场竞争的巅峰。
论文百事通中国农业的市场竞争会由国内竞争转向国内国际双重竞争，农业资源也会由国内配置转向国内国际双重配置。中国入世，绿色壁垒逐步取代了关税和配额，成为我国农产品出口面临的最大障碍。
在这样的背景下，中国农业如何应对将会是一个亟待做出抉择的问题。研究如何有效地利用wto规则和机制来保护和促进我国农业的发展将是一个重要的课题。
鉴于此，我选择了中国加入wto后的外贸研究这个论文课题，希望通过自己论文写作的过程，来加深对wto的了解。
二、有关论文课题调查和研究情况，预计论文达到的目的，要求
随着经济全球化的进程不断加快,人民生活水平的不段提高，环境与可持续发展得到了人们普遍的关注。经济、科技、社会、人口和环境的协调发展，已经得到各国的公认。
消费观转向对提高生活质量的要求，人们不仅要提高生活水平，更重要的是要提高生活质量，当然包括环境质量。然而，为了保护环境所采取的措施往往包含贸易手段，所以环境也不可避免地影响着国际贸易。发
达国家为了保护自己的利益，纷纷筑起绿色壁垒。我国农业遭到了严重的打击，损失极大。如何面对绿色壁垒?怎样发展我国的农业?这是我国现在发展阶段要解决的问题之一。
上文是商务英语毕业论文开题报告
课题名称：原则和合作原则在商务英语中的
本课题的研究现状、研究目的及意义
研究现状：随着全球经济一体化进程的加速，商务英语信函在国际贸易发展中发挥着日益重要的作用。商务英语信函引起了越来越多的国内外学者关注和研究，其领域涉及翻译、词汇学、语义学及语用学。国内的，如：吴金凤的《商务英语信函的特点及翻译》;黄雪芳的《商务英语信函的词汇特征分析》;武瑞的《商务英语信函中的语用策略研究》。国外的，如：Josephine Baker的Correct Business Letter Writing and Business English;Beam Brilliance的New Business English;Leech,S.的Principles of Pragmatics等。
从这些论文著作整理统计来看，国内外学者对商务英语信函的翻译、词汇和语用的`理论性研究分析的较多，将具体的礼貌原则和合作原则在商务英语信函中的应用研究分析的较少。本论文选取礼貌原则和合作原则这两大原则并结合具体实例来具体分析研究这两大原则在商务英语信函的应用。
研究目的及意义：
目的：随着世界经济和信息技术快速发展，商务英语信函已经成为对外贸易中不可或缺的重要组成部分。商务英语信函是在商务环境下，利用信函与具有不同文化背景的客户进行国际交流的行为，它是一种行业英语，是开展对外商务活动的基础和重要工具，是最常用也最有效的通讯手段之一。为提高外贸人员对商务英语信函的礼貌原则和合作原则的认识，增强他们写作商务英语信函写作的有效性，本论文对礼貌原则和合作原则在商务英语信函中的应用进行了具体研究。
意义：商务英语信函是建立友谊、吸引客户的手段，信函中灵活运用礼貌原则和合作原则是商务活动顺利开展的内在要求和取得商务交际成功的关键，是建立和睦合作关系的基础，因此，礼貌原则和合作原则在商务英语信函中的应用研究对商务英语信函的写作具有重要的借鉴意义。
课题类型：
(1)A—工程实践型;B—理论研究型;C—科研装置研制型;D—计算机软件型;
E—综合应用型
(2)X—真实课题;Y—模拟课题;
(1)、(2)均要填，如AY、BX等。
本课题的研究内容
中文题目：礼貌原则和合作原则在商务英语信函中的应用研究
摘要
1引言
论文研究的背景
论文研究的意义
2商务英语信函及语用原则简介
商务英语信函的定义
商务英语信函的特点
商务英语信函的语用原则简介
3礼貌原则简介及在商务英语信函中的应用
礼貌原则简介
礼貌原则的定义
礼貌原则的特点
礼貌原则在商务英语信函中的应用
4合作原则简介及在商务英语信函中的应用
合作原则简介
合作原则的定义
合作原则的特点
合作原则在商务英语信函中的应用
5 总结
6 参考文献
本课题研究的实施方案、进度安排
实施方案：
查找有关资料，收集并整理资料，结合自己兴趣和专业与指导老师探讨后确定选题。确定论文题目，根据论文的研究方向和所得资料结合任务书中的要求，写出开题报告。编写提纲根据提纲写出初稿，根据修改后的初稿写出二稿，根据再修改后的二稿写出三稿。调整论文结构，检查错别字，编排标准格式，定稿打印。
进度安排：
20xx年1月5日上交开题报告
20xx年4月9日交初稿
20xx年4至5月论文修改
20xx年5月22日论文定稿
20xx年5月29日答辩
已查阅的主要参考文献
[1] Beam Business English [M].Beijing: Tsinghua University Press,20xx
[2] Frank of Positive Politeness Strategies in Business Letters [J].Journal of Pragmatics,20xx
[3] Fraster, on Politeness [J].Journal of Pragmatics,20xx
[4] and Politeness: strategies in social interaction [M].Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,20xx
[5] Jef Pragmatics [M].Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,20xx
[6] Jiang : Theories and Applications [M].Beijing: Beijing University Press,20xx
[7] Jones L,Alexander Business English [M].Oxford: Oxford University Press,20xx
[8] Lesikar,Raymond Communication [J].New York: Richard
[9] Analysis of Business Letters of Negotiation [J].English for Specific Purposes,20xx
[10] Scheraga, English Writing Skills [J].Illinois NTC Publishing Group,20xx
[11]范俊芳.合作原则和礼貌原则在英语商务信函中的研究[D].辽宁大学，20xx
[12]高欢.礼貌原则应用于商务英语信函的实证研究[D].重庆大学，20xx
[13]胡志雯.语用原则在商务英语应用中的度范畴[J].湖南大学学报，20xx
[14]李亮.商务英语应用中的合作原则和礼貌原则体现[J].广西大学学报，20xx
[15]刘焕明.格莱斯合作原则在经贸英语合同文本中的应用[D].延边大学，20xx
[16]梅庭军.合作原则在商务英语信函写作中的应用[J].考试周刊，20xx
[17]吴金凤.商务英语信函的特点及翻译[D].上海外国语大学，20xx
[18]王晓英杨靖.商务英语写作教程[M].东南大学出版社，20xx
[19]武瑞.商务英语信函中的语用策略探究[D].山西财经大学，20xx
[20]赵军.商务英语语用特征研究[D].西华大学，20xx
[21]周瑞琪.语用原则在商务英语信函写作中的应用[J].广东外语外贸大学学报，20xx
开题报告是我们在完成文献调研后写成的关于学位论文选题与如何实施的论述性报告。下文是我为大家整理的关于商务英语毕业论文的开题报告的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!
以英语广告语为例
一、 课题背景
当今广告已成为我们生活不可或缺的一部分。我们对于中文广告词或许很了解，但用英文说出广告词却有些难度，同样让你看着英文广告词说中文广告词也是有难度的。本文针对这些问题，从词汇、句法、修辞三方面介绍了广告英语的语言特点，使读者对英语广告的中文含义有更好的、更深的了解;并通过实例分析介绍了广告英语翻译的方法和策略，使读者在了解广告词的同时，能够自己翻译广告词的意思。
二、 毕业设计方案或毕业论文研究方案
本文以英语广告语为对象，从而总结出广告语的创新与否对人们的影响以及广告的重要性。在这个研究目标的指向下，本文采取了理论与文本分析相结合的方法，在进行文献分析总结代写硕士论文前人研究经验的基础上，对各类创意广告语的使用技巧进行详细的文本分析。
目前我已收集了大量的相关信息，以及查阅了很多关于广告英语的资料，所以论文的大致思路已定，提纲如下：
浅论广告英语语言特点及翻译策略
1 英语广告的语言特点
英语广告的词汇特点
使用形容词的比较级和最高级
使用简单动词和口语词汇
使用错别字和杜撰新词
英语的句法特征
使用短语代替整句
使用简单句和省略句
使用祈使句
使用第一、第二人称
英语广告的修辞特征
比喻
排比
拟人
对比
仿拟
押韵
2 英语广告的翻译策略
英语广告的翻译方法
直译
意译
套译
再创型翻译
英语广告的翻译原则
功能定位翻译
语言审美性翻译
文化矫正性翻译
三、毕业设计(论文)预期成果及创新
本文的预期成果是通过分析资料信息，研究广告英语语言特点及翻译策略，以推进大学生对广告英语的认知及翻译能力。从词汇、句法及修辞三方面介绍英语广告的语言特征，并通过实例分析介绍了英语广告翻译的技巧、策略与原则。透彻地了解广告产品和广告语篇的内容及其艺术形式，遵循英汉两种不同语言的特点和表达习惯。
创新点：探索和研究了广告英语语言特点及其对大学生翻译英语广告的影响。
一、 选题的背景与意义：
(一)课题研究来源
在考研过程中遇到类型相关的题目，本人很感兴趣，于是确定选择该题。
(二)课题研究的目的
本文通过对《呼啸山庄》中象征主义，来叙述《呼啸山庄》中文明与自然的冲突。
(三)课题研究的意义
艾米莉·勃朗特是英国维多利亚时期着名小说家和作家，是着名的勃朗特姐妹之一， 也是三姐妹中最具天赋的一个。她一生只写了一部小说《呼啸山庄》，但是这部伟大的作品却使她扬名于世。通过《呼啸山庄》，艾米莉·勃朗特以维多利亚时代为背景，通过写两个截然不同的家族，三代人之间的爱恨情仇，充分表现了维多利亚时期文明和自然之间的冲突以及怎样反映了艾米莉·勃朗特对自然的偏爱。小说中自然和文明冲突不断，艾米莉·勃朗特在小说中多次运用对比和象征来表现此冲突，例如，呼啸山庄和画眉山庄的冲突，凯瑟琳两种不同的爱情观的冲突。这种冲突正是基于艾米莉·勃朗特对自然异于常人的热爱和当时现代文明盛行的背景。英国文学史上着名的三姐妹从小生活在荒原上，自然在她们心中是神圣之物，这点很像新英格兰超验主义的观点。并且英国浪漫主义时期沃兹沃斯和柯律利治等着名诗人影响，自然，情感和哥特式元素在艾米莉·勃朗特的作品中都发挥着举足轻重的作用。而且，艾米莉·勃朗特生活在物欲横流的维多利亚时代，当时的人们以自然之情为基础的生活受到现代文明的激烈冲击。作为维多利亚时代批判现实主义的代表人物，艾米莉·勃朗特看到了现代文明带来的种种罪恶，内心更加执着于对自然的喜爱。 因此，要想真正读懂这部伟大的着作，就必须要了解小说中艾米莉·勃朗特对自然和文明的观点。只有了解艾米莉·勃朗特对自然和文明的态度，才能真正明白在这爱恨情仇下有着更深刻的寓意-人类生活应该顺应自然和本性。通过《呼啸山庄》中自然和文明的从图矛盾，由此来叙述《呼啸山庄》中回归自然的观点。
二、 国内外研究现状：
(一)国内研究现状
1.陈茂林从艾米莉·勃朗特所受的自然的影响来分析，他的《回归自然返璞归真--<呼啸山庄>的生态批评》认为《呼啸山庄》是一部自然颂歌。小说中自然有着独特的作用，它使人精神放松，包容所有人，它似乎是一个有血有肉的灵魂，分享着人的痛苦和换了。作品表达了作者对自然的深深热爱，同时也反映了自然和文明的冲突和矛盾。 叶利荣则在其《追寻自我的历程--<呼啸山庄>主题探析》一文中提出：艾米莉·勃朗特在小说中塑造的两个富于激情和叛逆的人物形象--希斯克里夫和凯瑟琳，展示了他们在迷失之后寻找自我回归的艰难历程表现了处于自我冲突中的人的内心世界。他们充满抗争的一生是生命个体追寻自我历程的真实写照。
2. 王宏洁则在《自然与文明的冲击》中认为，自然和文明的冲突矛盾也就是《呼啸山庄》中的其中一个重要主题。自然，要求人们生活需要顺从内心情感和自然本性，得到自然错给予的舒适和自得。而文明，则是不同于自然的一种新的生活方式，要求人们生活遵从道德和理智。文明由此带来了物欲横流的社会以及追逐自身利益的人类，因此纯净自然之人被文明所污染。而自然不会随着文明的出现和进步消失，自然会一直存在。所以自文明诞生开始，文明和自然的冲突就不断。
(二) 国外研究现状
1.英国着名女作家弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫在一九一六年就写过《〈简爱〉与〈呼啸山庄〉》一文。她写道：“当夏洛蒂写作时，她以雄辩、光彩和热情说我爱,我恨,我受苦.她的经验，虽然比较强烈，却是和我们自己的经验都在同一水平上。但是在《呼啸山庄》中没有 我,没有家庭女教师，没有东家。有爱，却不是男女之爱。艾米莉被某些比较普遍的观念所激励，促使她创作的冲动并不是她自己的受苦或她自身受损害。她朝着一个四分五裂的世界望去，而感到她本身有力量在一本书中把它拼凑起来。那种雄心壮志可以在全部小说中感觉得到--一种部分虽受到挫折，但却具有宏伟信念的挣扎，通过她的人物的口中说出的不仅仅是我爱或我恨,却是我们，全人类和你们，永存的势力……这句话没有说完。”
2.英国进步评论家阿诺·凯特尔(Arnold Kettle)在《英国小说引论》一书中第三部分论及十九世纪的小说时，他总结说：“《呼啸山庄》以艺术的想象形式表达了十九世纪资本主义社会中的人的精神上的压迫、紧张与矛盾冲突。这是一部毫无理想主义、毫无虚假的安慰，也没有任何暗示说操纵他们的命运的力量非人类本身的斗争和行动所能及。对自然，荒野与暴风雨，星辰与季节的有力召唤是启示生活本身真正的运动的一个重要部分。《呼啸山庄》中的男男女女不是大自然的囚徒，他们生活在这个世界里，而且努力去改变它，有时顺利，却总是痛苦的，几乎不断遇到困难，不断犯错误。”
三、 课题研究内容及创新
(一)课题研究内容
艾米莉·勃朗特在《呼啸山庄》中多次运用象征主义，例如，呼啸山庄和西斯科拉里夫与儿时的凯瑟琳代表自然，他们崇尚自由，顺应自然和暴风雨似的生活原则而与呼啸山庄对立存在的画眉山庄以及林顿家庭则代表文明，他们彬彬有礼，服从一切社会原则。自然和文明表面风平浪静一直到西斯克里夫和凯瑟琳偶然闯进画眉山庄，于是冲突不断。凯瑟琳的自然之情开始受到文明的真正挑战，她开始背叛自己的内心情感，越来越像淑女，最终她舍弃对西斯克里夫的真爱嫁给埃德加·林顿，表面上文明占取了绝对优势。但是婚后的凯瑟琳被内心的自然之情折磨致死。而西斯克里夫也因为凯瑟琳的背叛自然性扭曲到极端，他变成了复仇的恶魔。文明的侵犯使人性扭曲，约束人的真实自然之情，造成了悲剧。尽管文明带来了进步，但是文明却扼杀了人性。最终，艾米莉·勃朗特让西斯克里夫在死前打开阻碍之窗-文明，让两人的游魂在荒野间游荡。种种表明艾米莉·勃朗特对两人爱情的同情以及要求人顺应人性，重返自然的思想。 本选题拟从三个部分加以阐述：
1. 自然和文明的定义
2. 自然和文明的较量： a.自然和文明的象征：呼啸山庄和画眉山庄;西斯克里夫和林顿及其哈的顿 b.自然和文明的斗争：凯瑟琳的爱情选择和西斯克里夫的疯狂报复导致人性的扭曲
3. 结论 人应该顺从自然，归顺自然。文明的侵犯使人性扭曲以及给人带来毁灭性的灾害。
(二)课题研究创新
本文主要通过对《呼啸山庄》中象征主义的运用，来解析自然和文明的冲突。艾米莉·勃朗特不仅塑造两个截然不同的庄园，分别代表自然和文明，还赋予住在两个山庄中类似他们山庄的性格，通过他们的对比以及他们交织时所产生的矛盾分歧来说明自认和文明之间的对抗。
四、课题的研究方法：
本选题拟采用多种研究手法，然后再结合定性分析研究法、综合查找法、归纳法、翻译法、文献综述法、文献检索法等多种研究方法加以详述。主要包括： 1、定性分析法：根据主观的判断和分析能力，推断出事物的性质和发展趋势的分析方法。 2、归纳法：通过许多个别的事例或分论点，然后归纳出它们所共有的特性，得出一般性的结论。 3、文献法：即历史文献法，就是搜集和分析研究各种现存的有关文献资料，从中选取信息，以达到某种调查研究目的的方法。 4、文献综述法： 即针对某个研究主题，对与之相关的各种文献资料进行收集整理，对所负载的知识信息进行归纳鉴别，清理与分析，并对所研究的问题在一定时期内已取得的研究状况，取得的成果，存在的问题以及发展的趋势进行系统而全面的叙述，评论，建构与阐述。其中，确定一个研究主题，收集整理专题文献，阅读与挖掘文献内容，清理与记述专题研究状况，建构与阐明专题研究发展趋势。
五、 研究计划及预期成果
(一)研究计划
4月15日-4月18日：指定论文指导教师，学生选定题目; 4月19日-4月25日：完成任务书部分和开题报告; 4月26日-5月12日：完成论文第一稿; 5月13日-5月22日：完成并上交论文第二稿; 5月23日-5月31日完成论文三稿(5月31日上午11点之前上交，以便答辩老师阅读)，指导教师分组阅读论文，师生做好答辩准备; 6月1日-6月9日：论文答辩(答辩后，学生对教师提出的意见要及时修改，以便装订论文终稿)。 6月10日-6月12日：二次答辩及论文装订、成绩评定。
(二)预期成果
按照规定的时间和进度提交一份具有一定的理论或应用价值的，字数在5000英文 单词左右、英美文学方向的的学术论文。
六、 参考文献：
[1] Bronte Emily. Wuthering Heights [M].Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Oxford University Press, 1999.
[2] Cecil, Victorian Novelists: Essays in Revaluation. . 1934
[3] 艾米莉·勃朗特(Emily Bronte)着，方平译。呼啸山庄[M]. 上海译文出版社， 2001
[4] 夏洛蒂·勃朗特(Charlotte Bronte)着，宋兆霖译。勃朗特两姐妹全集[M]. 河北教育出版社， 1996
[5] 陈茂林。 --回归自然 返璞归真《呼啸山庄》的生态批评 [J]. 外语教学。 2007(01)：69-73
[6] 栗华。 “野孩子”的爱与恨--对《呼啸山庄》意象和主题的一种阐释[J]. 北方论丛。 2001(6)：80-83
[7] 裴双。 --人类应有的前行姿态论《呼啸山庄》对野性与文明的取舍 [J]. 绍兴文理学院学报(哲学社会科学版)。 2007(04)：80-85
[8] 邵旭东。 何以写出《呼啸山庄》?--也谈艾米丽·勃朗特创作源泉问题[J]. 外国文学研究。1996(04)：77-81
七、指导教师评语：
本科生英语论文 范文
范文一：英语本科 毕业 论文
The Spirit of Revolt of Tess --Study in Tess of the D'Urbervilles
Thesis statement:
Everyone knows that Tess’s life is a great tragedy, but she is still a courageous woman who dares to fight by all means. In order to defeat the unfortunate fate she always resists the decadent society, the traditional concept, and the hypocrisy religion.
Outline
Ⅰ.Brief Introduction to Tess of the d'Urbervilles
A. Women’s role in industrial movements during 19th century in England
B. A brief commentary of the novel
1. the writer --Thomas hardy
2. general introduction of the novel
Ⅱ.Tess’s spirit of revolt all through her life
A. Tess’s fight to the moribund society
1. the moribund society
2. Tess’s fight to the moribund society
B. Tess’s resistance to the traditional moral concept
1. the traditional moral concept
2. Tess’s resistance to the traditional moral concept
C. Tess’s resistance to the hypocritical religion
hypocritical religion in that time
2. Tess’s resistance to the hypocritical religion
D. Tess’s resistance to the unfortunate marriage
’s unfortunate marriage
2. Tess’s resistance to the unfortunate marriage
Ⅲ.Conclusion: In a word, Tess has shown a powerful woman's image to common people with her unyielding spirit of revolt. She, to the moribund society, traditional old morals, hypocritical religion, capitalist marriage system, has carried on the strongest revealing and criticism. Her kindhearted enlightenment, noble emotion, strong personality, and her resistance in imbuing all rooted in the hearts of the people forever, worth savoring.
Abstract
This paper mainly focuses on the spirit of revolt of Tess. First of all, this paper begins with a brief introduction to the novel. Then, this paper makes a brief commentary of the novel. Moreover, it concentrates on :(1) Tess’s fight to the moribund society. (2) Tess’s resistance to the traditional moral concept. (3) Tess’s resistance to the hypocritical religion. (4) Tess’s resistance to the unfortunate marriage. And at last the paper reveals that Tess is actually a character with the spirit of revolt all through her life.
key words:tragedy,Spirit of revolt,industrial movement,unfortunate fate
内容提要
本文研究的是小说主人公“苔丝”的“反抗精神”。首先，本文对小说的背景做了介绍。然后，对文本进行简要评论。再次，本文主要从以下四个方面对文本主人公“苔丝”的“反抗精神”进行集中讨论：(1) 苔丝对腐朽社会的抗争;(2) 苔丝对传统的道德观念的反抗;(3) 苔丝对伪善的宗教的反抗;(4) 苔丝对不幸婚姻的反抗。最后，揭示出苔丝整个人生经历中的反抗精神。
关键词：悲剧,反抗精神,工业运动,不幸命运
范文二：英语专业毕业论文格式要求
1、主要任务
毕业论文写作是完成本科教学计划、实现本科培养目标的重要阶段，是英语人才培养不可或缺的重要环节，是英语专业本科教学计划的重要组成部分，是培养学生综合应用所学的基本理论、基础知识和基本技能，并分析和解决实际问题的重要途径，是对学生进行科学研究的初步训练。毕业论文是学生大学毕业前的最后学习阶段，是英语教学深化和升华的重要过程;是对学生的英语实践技能、英语 语文知识 及其他相关学科知识、综合素质、研究与创新能力进行检验考核的重要手段;是学生学士学位资格认证的重要依据;是衡量、评估英语专业教学质量与水平的重要内容之一。
2、知识要求
英语专业的毕业论文按专业方向的不同可分为“文学”、“语言及语言学研究”、“语言教学”、“翻译研究”和“ 文化 与跨文化”等不同类别。按论文性质的不同，又可分为理论型研究论文、应用型研究论文、综述型论文和研究 报告 型论文。每个专业方向都可以有这4种不同的类型。
(1)理论型研究论文指对已有的语言、文学、翻译、教学、文化等学科领域的理论性和应用性的研究成果，在翔实、可靠的事实材料的基础上进行有一定新意的探讨，这种新意可包括新的命题、新的视角、新的材料、新的 方法 、新的论证、新的结论。理论型研究应熟识与了解现有的科学观点、结论和评价，并进行消化、吸收，针对现有理论中的不足、不确切和未涉及之处进行局部的修正、改进、补充或完善。写理论型研究论文的学生要有较好的理论准备，能够熟练运用已学的理论知识，正确、科学地分析、解决论文撰写过程中出现的各种具体的理论性问题，在教师的指导下发现、提出理论性问题并对某一具体理论提出自己的看法和意见。
(2)应用型研究论文指以实际应用为目的，探讨已有的知识在实践中应用的可能性，或运用已有的研究成果探索应用的新途径。应用型研究必须与教学、研究或社会相结合，重点在于如何运用现有的知识，提出、分析、论证或解决在实践中出现的各种新问题，作出有参考或应用价值的结论。选择写应用型研究论文的学生要有一定的理论准备，能够熟练运用已学的理论知识，正确分析、解决论文撰写过程中出现的各种具体问题并在老师的指导下运用某一具体理论提出解决问题的看法和意见。
(3)综述型论文是对某一学科领域研究与发展状况作综合叙述介绍的一种论文类型。综述型论文是在大量阅读各种文献的基础上，对学科中某一具体的理论性或实际应用性问题的研究状况进行综合归纳，分析整理，去粗取精，做出判断，理出清晰而明确的研究发展脉络，从而展示研究现状和已取得的研究成果，分析问题的症结，并指出未来的研究走向和发展趋势的动态性研究成果。写综述型论文的学生应对所选课题的研究状况有比较全面的把握和正确的了解，对材料的归纳 总结 要较好地体现出综合性和概括性，要在分析、判断的基础上作出新的结论，而且要有一定的前沿性和前瞻性。
(4)研究报告型论文是就某一课题开展调查或测试并对调查或测试中获得的各种数据进行分析、综合、归纳、整理、讨论，从而作出结论的调研性论文。研究报告型论文可分为调查报告与测试报告两类。写研究报告型论文的学生需要具有正确采集、分析和处理信息和数据的方法，需要具有在理论上对调查过程进行分析和论证的能力，并能在老师的指导下独立 1
制定调查或测试方案。
3、能力培养要求
毕业论文写作是本科英语专业教学计划中规定的一项内容和组成部分，是学生毕业前提交的一份具有一定的理论或应用价值的学术论文。它是学生毕业前独立而系统地从事科学研究的初步尝试。毕业论文表明学生的英语水平和实际应用英语的能力，表明学生相关学科方面的学识水平，表明学生发现问题、提出问题和解决问题的能力以及独立从事科研工作的能力。毕业论文对能力的培养有以下几个方面的具体要求：
(1)锻炼学生运用连贯的、正确的、科学的英语语言的能力，全面提高学生综合运用英语的水平;
(2)培养学生发现问题、提出问题、分析问题的思维品质;
(3)培养学生运用所学的理论知识解决来理论性问题或英语实践技能方面的应用性问题的能力;
(4)培养学生严肃认真的科学态度和严谨踏实的工作作风;
(5)培养学生勇于实践、勇于探索、勇于创新的精神。
4、综合素质要求
毕业论文在英语人才培养中起着一般教学不可替代的作用，是对课堂教学和非课堂教学的重要补充。毕业论文跟课堂教学和非课堂教学二者的配合可有效地解决语言知识、言语技能和相关知识的活用问题，能以一种综合性的研究成果的方式把分散的知识、技能与能力要素有机地结合起来。这种结合是全方位的，即思想、观念、知识、技能、能力和文化素质等诸多方面的全面综合，这种结合同时也包括文献资料检索能力、资料筛选能力、计算机应用能力、动手能力、概括能力、归纳能力、分析问题的能力与解决问题的能力等等。总之，毕业论文教学以培养学生全方位的多方面综合素质为目的。
是的，摘要是双语，其他都是英语
是英文到网上查一下
这是必须的，但是都是提前写过几次了，不会发怵的。而且老师都会辅导的。。
“论文”一词的英文表达很多，通常因场合、用处不同而有不同的表达，下面罗列了几种，请楼主斟酌一下那一种是适合自己。*dissertation（博士学位）论文，（专题）论文，学术演讲：长而正式的论文，尤指大学里由博士学位攻读者所写的论文；学位论*disquisition专题论文；专题演讲，专题讨论：关于一个论题的正式讨论，常为书面形式*thesis命题论文：尤指出于获得学位的研究需要而改进原来观点以作为研究成果的论文*discourse（学术）讨论，研讨用的论文*paper作业形式的，为达到某一目的或效果（如学位）而写的
大学生，研究生，博士生相应的毕业论文分别应该是paper,thesis,dissertation
啊哈（这个“啊哈”乃证据助词，）希望一品 优刊 帮到伱了(づ￣ 3￣)づ
论文（Paper）或：dissertation（论文）或：thesis（论文）经常说的：）~Englishdissertation(英语论文)Graduationthesis(毕业论文)