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有关研究中英颜色的论文

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有关研究中英颜色的论文

人种历史习俗当前变化

1、论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2、目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录)3、提要:是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。4、关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。5、论文正文:(1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。〈2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容:a.提出-论点;b.分析问题-论据和论证;c.解决问题-论证与步骤;d.结论。6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料,列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页,标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文:标题--作者--出版物信息(版地、版者、版期):作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是:(1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物,以便读者考证。(2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。

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★★★我是工程类课程老师,不是代写论文的,仅仅提供资料并进行探讨而已. ★★★★在我的个人中心有维普资讯的账号密码,需要的可以去那查找相关的论文期刊资料,如有不能使用的,麻烦提出,我尽快更新. 有人说我一直用类似的答案回答,但是我不得不这么做。学会自己搜索数据库对写论文是非常有帮助的,其实没有人会在网上真得写一篇论文出来,即使是收费的,也仅仅是东凑一点西拼一点而已,还不如自己去找呢! 您也可以去以下网站找资料,然后提问索取全文(索取请先使用我个人中心的维普账号查看是否能自行下载): ★(如果上不去,换) 是个收费网站,而且很贵!!!!但是你可以去那里查资料然后问我要全文,因为CNKI的资料很全,有3400多万篇文章。 当然你在任何论文网站或数据库下载全文遇到收费时,都可以向我寻求帮助! 中国知网,你上去输入关键词,搜索一下就有了 索取全文参看 搜索结果如: 1. 浅谈中西文化差异与翻译 被引次数:67次 朱耀先 文献来自:中国翻译 1997年 第04期 浅谈中西文化差异与翻译浅谈中西文化差异与翻译朱耀先文化差异是翻译中的障碍和难题。要在两种语言之间进行翻译,除了通晓两种语言文字外,还必须了解两种文化,深刻理解两种文化之间的差异。本文拟从历史文化、地域文化、习俗文化 ... 2. 英汉基本颜色词文化内涵的共性与差异 被引次数:3次 卢玮 文献来自:十堰职业技术学院学报 1998年 第02期 颜色词与民族心理;(2)颜色词与尊卑等级;(3)颜色词与民俗;(4)颜色词与宗教,探讨了英汉基本颜色词所蕴藏的文化内涵 ... 3. 从英汉颜色词透视中西文化差异 徐湘平 文献来自:怀化学院学报 2007年 第03期 神与形的文化差异造就了汉英颜色词的不同。四、颜色词所体现的民俗文化差异中英两国所处的社会文化背景不同,颜色词体现出鲜明的民族性,反映了两种语言丰富的民俗文化用语及历史渊源。在英语文化中各自有许多丰富的典故。汉文化中的大 ... 4. 英汉颜色词所表现的中西文化差异 陈永烨 文献来自:辽宁工程技术大学学报(社会科学版) 2005年 第04期 更要注重文化个性的冲突。英汉颜色词所表现的中西文化差异@陈永烨$河南经贸职业学院外语旅游系 ... 了解并掌握这些颜色词的语义及其引申意义差异性,对促进中西文化交流和翻译实践有一定的现实指导意义。[1]张丛江,王雪梅 ... 5. 从颜色词看英汉语言中的文化差异 被引次数:1次 郭晓英 文献来自:天水师范学院学报 2005年 第03期 产生于社会文化中的颜色词,由于其生成土壤的不同,其所涵盖的信息和赋予的意义也不一样。以下笔者将从七个方面探讨颜色词在英汉语言中的差异。一、不同政治制度导致的差异各民族由于不同的政治经济制度,他们利用不同颜色代表政治派别或 ... 6. 谈英语文化语用教学及颜色词的中西差异 张丽 文献来自:连云港师范高等专科学校学报 2002年 第03期 是一种永久性的文化现象。本文试图从颜色词中西文化对比的角度 ,去分析、探究各民族文化发展对颜色词的象征意义的影响。[1]夏征龙 ... 7. 从“礼貌”特征看中西文化差异 被引次数:5次 韦琴红 文献来自:临沂师范学院学报 2001年 第03期 与英语民族性注重隐私和个人自主性存在着巨大的文化差异。只有了解了这种由于中西文化的不同所导致的礼貌问题上的文化差异,才可以避免语用失误,达到跨文化交际成功的目的。[1]邓炎昌,刘润清 ... 8. 漫谈汉英颜色词的文化内涵 被引次数:4次 潘章仙 文献来自:浙江师大学报(社会科学版) 1996年 第05期 以便从中窥见不同民族文化对语言产生的巨大影响力和渗透力。一、颜色词的感情色彩所谓颜色词指的是那些描写事物颜色的词语 ... 9. 浅谈汉语词语的文化意义与中西文化差异 被引次数:2次 陈岩 文献来自:黑龙江社会科学 2005年 第02期 词语的文化意义充分反映该语言社团的生活现实和该语言社团成员对词的所指对象的心理印象,最能反映民族差异,同时也对词语的理解产生干扰。浅谈汉语词语的文化意义与中西文化差异@陈岩$东北农业大学国际文化教育学院 ... 10. 颜色词语与中西文化差异 张立改 刘丽娟 文献来自:河北自学考试 2007年 第08期 颜色词语与中西文化差异@张立改 @刘丽娟<正>英汉语言习惯不同,风俗各异,表示颜色的方法和用词也不尽相同,就是对同一颜色的理解与使用也有差异。随着人类文明的不断发展,表示颜色的词汇也相应地不断得到丰富,其意 ... 上一页 1 [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] 下一页

关于颜色研究的英文论文

red(红色):无论在英语国家还是在中国,红色往往与庆祝活动或喜庆日子有关。英语里有 red-letter days(纪念日,喜庆的日子),在西方一般指圣诞节或其他节日,因为这些日子在日历上是用红色标明的,所以red-letter的转义就是“可纪念的”、“喜庆的”。 (普通的日子印的是黑色,但 black-letter day却不是“平常的日子”,而表示“倒霉的一天”。)又如 to paint the town red表示“狂欢”、“痛饮”、“胡闹”,多指夜生活中的狂欢作乐,饮酒胡闹,不是“把全城染红”。此外,roll out the red carpet for sb. 的意思是:“(铺展红地毯)隆重地欢迎某人”。如: He was the first European head of state to visit their country,and they rolled out the red carpet for him.(他是第一个访问该国的欧洲首脑,他们用隆重的礼仪来欢迎他。)

red(红色).红色往往与庆祝活动或喜庆日子有关。因为日历中,这些日子常用红色字体。 black(黑色)在英语中经常有“不好的”、“坏的”、“邪恶的”这种意味。 blue(蓝色)在英语中通常表示不快乐、忧郁的情绪。 green(绿色)英语中的green常用来表示表示“嫉妒”,还表示“新鲜”或没有经验、缺乏训练”的意思。白色(white)英语文化中,white表示幸福和纯洁,如新娘在婚礼上穿白色礼服,代表爱情的纯洁和婚姻的贞洁。gray 灰色,高中麦琪的礼物上有讲过,党代表抑郁 ,心情低落。深白色绿色green在英语中可以表示“嫉妒、眼红”,如:green with envy,green as jealousy,green-eyed monster都是指“十分嫉妒”的意思。汉语中表示“嫉妒”意义的“眼红”,应该翻译为green-eyed而不能翻译为red-eyed。由于美元纸币是绿颜色的,所以green在美国也指代“钱财、钞票、有经济实力”等意义,如:(11) In American political elections the candidates that win are usually the ones who have green power backing them.在美国政治竞选中获胜的候选人通常都是些有财团支持的人物。 在英语中绿色还用来表示没有经验、缺乏训练、知识浅薄等意思,如:(12) The new typist is green at her job. 刚来的打字员是个生手。(13) You cannot expect Mary to do business with such people. She is only eighteen and as green as grass. 你不能指望玛丽同这样的人做生意,她只有十八岁,还毫无经验。黄色黄色在英语和汉语中的引申含义差别比较大。在英语中,yellow可以表示“胆小、卑怯、卑鄙”的意思,例如:a yellow dog 可鄙的人,卑鄙的人a yellow livered 胆小鬼(14) He is too yellow to stand up and fight. 他太软弱,不敢起来斗争。英语中的黄色还用来作为事物的特定颜色,例如,美国有些城市的出租车上标有“yellow”(而不是“taxi”)的字样,代表出租车,因为那里的出租车为黄颜色。如:Yellow Pages 黄页 (电话号码簿,用黄纸印刷)Yellow Book 黄皮书 (法国等国家的政府报告,用黄封面装帧)Yellow boy (俗)金币汉语中x色一词有时象征低级趣味、xx庸俗、x流猥亵的意思,如x色电影、xx书刊、xx光碟等等。这些名称中的“黄”与英语中的“yellow”无关。能够表示汉语中这些意思的词汇应该是:pornographic(x情的)、vulgar(庸俗x流的)、obscene(猥亵的)等。然而,英语中另一个颜色词blue却常用来表示汉语中这类意思,如blue jokes(x流的玩笑), blue films(x色电影)等。蓝色蓝色(blue)在汉语中的引申意义较少,而在英语中blue是一个含义十分丰富的颜色词。在翻译同这一颜色有关的表达时,我们应该注意其中的特别含义。英语的blue常用来喻指人的“情绪低落”、“心情沮丧”、“忧愁苦闷”,如:(15) They felt rather blue after the failure in the football match. 球赛踢输了,他们感到有些沮丧。(16)She looks blue today. What’s the matter with her?She is in holiday blue. 她今天显得闷闷不乐,出了什么事情? 她得了假期忧郁症。例 (15) 中的holiday blue 相当于winter holiday depression,指冬季假期时,人困在家里,感到无聊寂寞时的心情或情绪。另一个同低落的情绪有关的词组是:a blue Monday(倒霉的星期一),指度过快乐的周末后,星期一又要上学或上班,所以情绪不好。blue在英语中有时用来指“黄色的”、“下流的”意思,如:blue talk 下流的言论blue video 黄色录象有时blue又有社会地位高、出身名门的意义,如blue blood(贵族血统)。此外,blue在英语中与其它词汇搭配,还有另外的含义,如:out of blue 意想不到once in a blue 千载难逢drink till all’s blue 一醉方休白色白色(white)在汉语和英语的联想意义中都有纯洁和清白的意思,但也有一些含义上的不同。例如,汉民族文化中,白色与死亡、丧事相联系,如“红白喜事”中的“白”指丧事(funeral),表示哀悼。但在英语文化中,white表示幸福和纯洁,如新娘在婚礼上穿白色礼服,代表爱情的纯洁和婚姻的贞洁。英语中的white有时表达的含义,与汉语中的“白色”没有什么关系,如:a white lie 善意的谎言the white coffee 牛奶咖啡white man 善良的人,有教养的人white-livered 怯懦的white elephant 昂贵又无用之物汉语中有些与“白”字搭配的词组,实际上与英语white所表示的颜色也没有什么联系,而是表达另外的含义,如:白开水 plain boiled water白菜 Chinese cabbage白字 wrongly written or mispronounced character白搭 no use白费事 all in vain黑色黑色(black)在英语和汉语两种语言文化中的联系意义大致相同。例如,黑色是悲哀的颜色,英美人在葬礼上穿黑色服装,中国人在葬礼上戴黑纱。英语中的Black Friday 指耶稣在复活节前受难的星期五,是悲哀的日子。black在英语中还象征气愤和恼怒,如:black in the face 脸色铁青to look black at someone 怒目而视另外,黑色在汉语和英语中都有“阴险”、“邪恶”的含义,不过翻译时不一定用“黑”或“black”的字眼,例如:黑心 evil mind黑手 evil backstage manipulator黑幕 inside story黑线 a sinister lineblack sheep 害群之马black day 凶日black future 暗淡的前途除上面所提到的各种联想意义外,颜色词还与历史、社会、经济等现象有关系,表现出一定的社会属性,例如:历史方面:to raise to the purple升为红衣主教to be born in the purple 生于帝王之家to marry into the purple 与皇室或贵族联姻社会方面:blue-collar workers 蓝领阶层,指普通体力劳动者grey-collar workers 灰领阶层,指服务性行业的职员white-collar workers 白领阶层,指接受过专门技术教育的脑力劳动者pink-collar workers 粉领阶层,指职业妇女群体golden-collar personnel 金领阶层,指既有专业技能又懂管理和营销的人才经济方面:red ink 赤字in the black 盈利white goods 白色货物,指冰箱、洗衣机等外壳为白色的家电产品brown goods 棕色货物,指电视、录音机、音响等外壳为棕色的电子产品。

accent colour 强调色 advancing colour 前进色 amber 琥珀色(黄色) amethyst 紫(水晶)色 antique brass 青古铜色 antique golden 古铜色 antique violet 古紫色 antique white 古董白 apricot 杏黄 aqua green 水绿色,浅绿色 aquamarine 碧绿色 aquamarine blue 蓝绿色 auburn 赤褐色 August green 深绿色 autumn mink 深咖啡色 azure 天蓝色 azure green 碧绿色 baby blue 淡蓝色 baby pink 浅粉红色 bark 树皮色 begin colour 自然色 beige 浅褐色,米白色,灰褐色 benzo blue 靛青色 berry 鲜红色,浆果红 biscuit 淡褐色 bisque 桔黄色 black 黑色 blue 蓝色 blue green 竹青色,青绿色 blueviolet 紫罗兰色 bluish 带蓝色的,浅蓝色 blush 淡红色 bone 骨色 bottle green 深绿色 brick red 青莲色 bronze 青铜色 brown 褐色,棕色,茶色 buff 浅黄色;暗黄色 burgundy 葡萄红;枣红色 burly wood 实木色 butter 油黄色 butter cup 深黄色 cadet blue 军蓝色,灰蓝色 calamineblue 淡蓝色 camel 驼色 camouflage 迷彩色 caramel 酱色 carmine 深红色,洋红色 carnation 粉红色,康乃馨 celery 菜绿色,芹菜 celeste 天蓝色 cerise 樱桃色 chalky 白垩的 chambray 有条纹或格子花纹的布 charcoal 炭色 charcoal gray 炭灰色 chartreuse 黄绿色 cherry 鲜红色,樱桃色 chestnut 栗色 chocolate 红褐色,赭石色,巧克力色 chost white 幽灵白 cinnamon 肉桂色 citrine 柠檬黄 citrus green 浅绿色 classic navy 蓝色 clay 泥土 clear 透明 cobalt 钴蓝色,深蓝色 cobalt blue 钴蓝色,艳蓝色 cochineal 胭脂红,洋红 cocoa 可可色,黄棕色 coffee 咖啡色 cold colour 冷色 colour combination 配色 colour matching 配色 colour mixing 调色 complementary colour 补色 contracting colour 收缩色 contrast color 衬色 copper 铜;红铜色 copper red 铜红色 coral 珊蝴色 coral haze 桔红色 cornflower blue 菊蓝色;浅蓝色 cornsilk 米绸色 cream 奶油色,米黄色,淡黄色 cream soda 棕色 crepe 透明 crimson 深红色 crystal cream 奶油白 crystaline 水晶色 cyan 青色,蓝绿色 daffod;daffadilly 水仙,鲜黄色 dark 深色 deep 深色 delicate color 娇色 denim 粗斜纹棉布,蓝牛仔布 dim gray 暗灰色 dodger blue 闪蓝色 dove 鸽子;乳白色 drab 土褐色 dry rose 浅紫色 dull silver 雾银 dun 焦茶色,暗褐色 ecru 本色的,淡褐色,米色 emerald 祖母绿 emerald green 鲜绿色,艳绿色 espresso 浓咖啡色 essential colour 基本色 expansive colour 膨胀色 fashion colour 流行色 firebrick 火砖色 flake white 铅白,片白 flax 亚麻布,淡黄色 fleshcolor 肉色 floral 花的,花似的 floral white 花白色 florid 鲜红色 forest green 森林绿 fuchsia 紫红色,粉玫色 full colour 彩色 fundamental colour 原色 fuscous 暗褐色,深色 garnet 深红色 geranium 原色红;天竺葵 gilt 青铜色 global brown 咖啡色 golden 金色,金黄色 goldenrod 金麒麟色 gray;grey 灰色,灰白 green 绿色 greenyellow 黄绿色 ground colour 底色 gunmetal 青铜色,黑镍色 havana 雪茄色 hazel 赤褐色 hepatic 猪肝色 honeydew 蜜色 hot pink 艳粉色,粉红色 hyacinth 紫蓝色 ice 冰色 iced coffee 冰咖色 incarnadine 肉色,粉红色 indigo 靛青色 inter colour 国际流行色 intermedium colour 中间色 ivory 乳白色,象牙色 jade 碧玉色,翡翠色 kelly 黄绿色,鲜绿色 khaki 黄褐色,卡其色 lavender 淡紫色,藕色 lavender blush 淡紫红 lawn green 草绿色 lemon 柠檬色 lemon chiffon 柠檬绸色 lias 淡紫色 light 浅的 light cyan 浅青色 lilac 淡紫色 lily blush 嫩粉色 lily orange 桔色 lily sky 粉蓝色 lime 淡黄绿色 lime green 橙绿色 linen 亚麻色 loden 深橄榄色;深绿色 lyons blue 蓝紫色 magenta 洋红 magenta 红紫色,洋红 maroon 栗色,褐红色 mauve 淡紫色,紫红 melon (各种的)瓜 metal colour 金属色 mint cream 薄荷色 misty gray 雾灰色 mistyrose 浅玫瑰色 mixtz 混色 moccasin 鹿皮色 modena 深紫色 moss green 苔绿色 multicolour 多种色彩 mustard 深黄色 natural 自然色 navajo white 纳瓦白 navy 深蓝色 navy blue 深蓝色,藏青色;海蓝 neutral colour 中间色 nickel 镍色 oatmeal 灰白色 off white 灰白色 oldlace 老白色 olive 橄榄绿 olive drab 草绿色;深绿褐色 olive green 橄榄绿,茶绿色 opaque 不透明 orange 橙色,桔黄色 orchid 淡紫色 oriental red 大红 oxblood 无光泽的深红色 oyster grey 米灰色 oyster white 乳白色 pale 淡的,苍白色 pale gold 金色 pale green 苍绿色 pale hay 干草色 pale oink kiss 浅粉红色 pale turquoise 苍绿色 pale violet red 苍紫罗兰色 palegoldenrod 苍麒麟色 pansy 紫罗兰色 pea green 淡绿色,青豆色 peach 桃红色 peacock blue 孔雀蓝 pearl grey 珠光灰 pearlied gold 珠光金色 periwinkle 花布 pewter 蜡白色,蓝灰色 pied 杂色 pink 粉红色 pistac 淡黄绿色 pith black 深黑色 plaid 格子布 plain colour 素色 platinum 白金色,铂金色 plum 杨李色 poloere 米黄色 poppy 深红色 powder blue 粉蓝色;浅灰蓝色 primary colour 原色 protective color 保护色 prussian blue 普鲁士蓝 puce 深褐色 punpkin 南瓜色 pure colour 纯色 pure silver 纯银 purple 紫色 purple bronze 紫铜色 putty 灰色 rainbow 彩虹 receding colour 后退色 red 红色 reddish 淡红 reddish yellow 浓黄 rice 大米色 rich(in) color 浓色 rose 玫瑰红 roseate 玫瑰色;深粉红色 rosybrown 褐玫瑰红 royal 蓝色 royal blue 品蓝,宝蓝色 rubine;ruby 宝石红 russet 赤褐色 rust 锈红色 rust brown 鼻烟色 saddle brown 重褐色 sallow 苍黄 salmon 鲜肉色,橙红 salmon pink 橙红色 sand 沙子色 sandal wood 原木色 sandy 淡茶色 sap green 暗绿色 sapphire 宝石蓝 scarlet 猩红色,鲜红色,绯色 seaform 海蓝色 seashell 海贝色 seaweed 海藻色 secondary color 混合色 semitransparent 半透明的 sepia 棕黑色 shade 颜色深浅 shocking pink 鲜粉红色,憬红色 sienna 赭色,红褐色 silver 银白色 similar colour 同类色 sky blue 天蓝色 slate blue 石蓝色 slate grey 灰石色,鼠灰色 smoke 深灰色 smoky grey 烟灰色,雾灰色 snowy white 雪白色 snuff 黄褐色,鼻烟色 soft color 嫩色 sorrel 红棕色 spring mint 春绿色,嫩绿色 steel blue 钢蓝色 stone 石头色,浅橄榄灰色 strom 雾灰色 suble moss 青绿色 sun light blue 天蓝色 sunking 黄色 surface colour 表面色 tan 棕褐色,茶色 tangerine 橘黄色 tapestry red 咖啡色 taupe 褐色,灰褐色 tawny 黄褐色;茶色 tawny blush(pink) 粉红色 teal 水鸭色 thistle 蓟色 tiffany 石头纹王彩 timber born 骨色 toasted almond 沙色 tomato 西红柿色 tortoise 龟/玳瑁 translucence 半透明 transparent 透明 trend colour 流行色 tricolor 三色的 turq 湖水蓝 turquoise 宝石绿,青绿色 turquoise blue 土耳其玉色,翠蓝色 ultramarine 深蓝色,群青 umber 浓茶色 verdigris color 铜绿色 vermilion 橘红;朱砂红 violet 紫罗兰色,紫色 vivid turquoise 宝蓝 warm colour 暖色 wetsand 浅棕色 wheat 浅黄色 wheaten 灰白色 white 白色 whitesmoke 烟白色 wine 酒红色 winered 葡萄酒红 yellow 黄色 yellowgreen 黄绿色 york yellow 蛋黄色 zone natural 浅棕色

中英文中颜色词的对比研究论文

1、论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2、目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录)3、提要:是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。4、关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。5、论文正文:(1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。〈2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容:a.提出-论点;b.分析问题-论据和论证;c.解决问题-论证与步骤;d.结论。6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料,列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页,标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文:标题--作者--出版物信息(版地、版者、版期):作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是:(1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物,以便读者考证。(2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。

颜色词在中英文化中的差异具体如下:

1.黑色

黑色在中国文化里有沉重神秘之感,它象征严肃、正义,如传统京剧中的张飞、李逵均用黑色脸谱;同时,它也象征邪恶,如指阴险狠毒的人是“黑心肠”。

而黑色在西方文化中基本为禁忌色。它象征了死亡、凶兆、灾难。如:在葬礼上,人们通常穿黑色服装;“不吉利的话”译为“black words”;第二,它也象征邪恶、犯罪,如:“恶棍、流氓”译为“black guard”;另外,它还象征耻辱、不光彩、沮丧、愤怒等。

2.蓝色

在汉语中,蓝色通常可以给人们带来安详、美好的联想;此外,蓝色还指“破旧”,因此,在重大喜庆之日时,人们基本不会用蓝色来作装饰。

在英语中,蓝色有“社会地位高、有权势或出身名门望族”的引申含义,如:“blue room”指的是“美国总统在白宫的,用来会见挚友亲朋的会客室”;蓝色也代表了特定的身份职业,如:“blue collar”指“从事体力劳动的人”;此外,众所周知,在西方文化里,蓝色还有忧郁、感伤等其他消极含义,如“色情电影”译为“blue film”。

3.红色

红色是我国文化里崇尚色。它象征吉祥、喜庆、繁华、热闹、漂亮等,如女子 美艳的容颜为“红颜”。

西方文化中红色主要指鲜血的颜色,多指血腥、暴力、恐怖、危险等,如“red ruin”指火灾;红色也常用于情感上,当某人生气时,常用“see red”或“red with anger”形容;另外,其还有“亏本”等消极意义。

4.黄色

在中国,黄色是红色的一种发展变异,是一种吉利色彩,如“黄道吉日”,龙袍、圣旨均为黄色。

中西文化中颜色词语的象征意义 The symbolic meaning of the color word of between China and western countries Summary: Show in the Chinese-English language the words of different colors or color is very abundant. We not merely should pay attention to observing themselves' basic meaning, should paying attention to the deep and broad symbolic meaning of their meaning even more, because their symbolic meaning often has different characteristics in different national languages, some characteristics even form people to the advocating and taboo of the color after guiding stretching , transferred meaning. The difference of symbolic meanings of the color between such different culture is because of each national difference and producing of historical background , aesthetic psychology of culture, sanctified by usage in the sediment of development , history in the society, it is a kind of permanent culture phenomenon. The angle that this text attempts to compare from Chinese and Western culture with analysis, probe into various nationalities' culture to develop the impact on symbolic meaning of the color word. The human language is extensive and profound, different countries, the unique glamour that different and national color words demonstrate, make people regard with special esteem. In Great Britain's Chinese-English language, all very abundant to displaying different colors or the word of the color. We not merely want to understand their each one's own basic meaning, should pay attention to the deep and broad symbolic meaning of their meaning even more. Because often there are different characteristics in different national languages in symbolic meanings of the color, some characteristics have not represented the meaning of its word itself yet, but guide stretching, transferred meaning to it. First , midwest square color word because of our country and hopeless the greater part English country ten thousand li apart objective cause , symbolic meaning of difference, in the geographical position , scene that history aches , very great difference exists aesthetically psychologically, so the feeling of seeking the color word will not be the same. The symbolic meaning that a color word shows will be various naturally . This text will do some brief contrasts and discussions on the color of the word and symbolic meaning difference in Chinese and Western culture. By the look of definition of the color, color through eyes brain and people a kind of vision effect to the light experience of life produce, it is a vision phenomenon launched , reflecting or causing through certain light wave by the object, it is a kind of basic domestic animal of the human eye vision . About the definition of, it is relatively short to going through the time of the feudal society, and in nearly modern science is popularized and the west of development says at full speed, it is easier they accepted. The west relatively pays attention to the analysis things with rational science from the beginning, display it to the objective world and realistic scientific attitude known objectively. So, the symbolic meaning of the color is often more direct in western culture, generally symbolize some abstract cultural meaning with the concrete color of objective things For example: Western culture " getting red " to point color of " blood " but blood surge forward life liquid of the human body among the mind in westerner mainly, once the blood trickles, the life stops , so, the red make people associate it with the violence , dangerous, thus produced to the red taboo. Western Sinologist translate " Dream of the Red Chamber " may because of the fact that consider " red " make them is it bleed to associate it with, so adopted title " the stone is written " that the novel had used originally, English meant story of the stone to compare with the western civilization, Chinese culture is of long standing and well established, the feudal society that China goes through several thousand years, education and science lag behind relatively, so, in Chinese culture, the thought that the color expresses has strong mystery flavor, the development of the objective reality receives China's social development relatively largely. Color intension and symbolic meaning are very abundant in Chinese culture, and the symbolic meaning of the color word is plural. For example, the red in Chinese culture comes from the sun. Our ancestor has a kind of instinctive attachment and worships to the sunshine, the red joyous and lucky production naturally of purpose. With getting white as example and then, in mankind initial stage, our ancestor is small and weak and unable, make them completely exposed in broad daylight, an attack of the irresistible fiendish beast of prey, therefore the dialogue color has a kind of instinctive frightened sense, so the white becomes a kind of color and prohibits avoiding as taboo in Chinese culture. It is obvious; the symbolic meaning of the color demonstrates the human psychological characteristics at the same time. Second, concrete description of different symbolic meanings of the color in Chinese and Western culture. , the red advocates the color basically in our country's culture. It is lucky , joyous that it symbolizes; For example facilitate others bright marriage name " matchmaker ", joyous day will be it register for bright red lantern to want, stick to and form uniting red, the red good fortune word: The man sticks the bright red " liking " word while marrying the daughter and is married, one is lively | The prosperity is named " flourishing "; It symbolizes the revolution and progress again, for instance, Communist Party of China's initial regime is named " red regime ", the initial arms are called " the Red Army "; It is it smoothly , succeed to symbolize too, such as to very kind to known as " becoming much more popular " circumstances have people; Trusted unduly and called " the favourite follower " by the superior ; Assign to and manage profits and shout and " share out bonus", load the end with the beautiful woman to call " the beauty " ,etc.. The red is one to demote symbol that the word with quite strong purpose is " fire , blood " in western culture, representatives are cruel and ferocious and bleeding. If (1), is it massacre with violence is it claim for The red rules of tooth and claw (2 ) bloody to revenge for red revenge to ruling to describe; It symbolizes the radical violent revolution again, such as (1)It is a red revolution to describe the red revolution (2)Radical political movement represent for red hot political campaign (3 ) the Left radical activity commendatory as for a getting red one for red activities, for instance joyous day the red carpet of red days, grand reception ,etc., benefit from different culture and exchange and merge. 2, White and red and opposite, it is a basic taboo word; reflect Chinese are in the material and spiritual abandoning and disgust. The white does not have blood color, dead behavior; symbolize the death, ill omen. If the relative has wanted to wrap rough Dai Xiao after dying since ancient times, worn the white mourning dress, is called the funeral, set up the white mourning hall , should hit the white long narrow flag while carrying a coffin to the cemetery . Getting white word is it reach political influence is it fail, be unwise, is it take to have no profit to signify also to like in the course of its development, such as party that fail play " white flag " say that surrenders always among war; Call person with low intelligence " eat free ", exert oneself but make the advantage or come to naught and is named " busy oneself to no purpose " | " waste strength ". Finally, it signifies there is little knowledge, there is not fame and gain, such as calling rank and file “the commoner ", temper being scarce, scholar not deep calls “the pale-faced scholar ",etc. the experience. Western culture getting white symbolic meaning focus on one's own color their mainly, snow such as being new, fresh milk and color of the lily. Westerners think it white and graceful and pure, so it is the advocating color in the western culture. It is evil that it signifies that too pure to have, such as (1) a white souls, pure white wedding bride's wedding in white full dress of soul (2 ); It is honest , honest that it symbolizes again, such as (1) a white spirit honest soul (2)A white men is noble, an educated person. (3)White hand is honest; It is honest , honest that it symbolizes again, such as (1) a white spirit honest soul (2)A white men is noble, an educated person. (3)White hand is honest; It symbolize lucky too, if (1) somebody, life of one of the white days o f sib’s, it have legal and having hostile meaning lucky day of the life, such as (1) white market legal market, 3, the black has heavy mysterious senses in Chinese culture, it is a kind of serious and serious tone, and its symbolic meaning seems comparatively complicated because of affecting by western culture. On one hand it symbolizes serious , justice, black face Boa Zhen in the popular legend , black type of facial make up of Zhang Fey , Li Chui in traditional Beijing opera ,etc.; It again because a one's own one their dark to give somebody sinisterly , sinister and terrific feeling while being unglazed on the other hand. It symbolizes evilly, reactionary, such as meaning the sinisterly vicious person is a black heart, hidden repulsive inside information is " shady deal ", members of the reactionary group are the reactionary gang, evil backstage manipulator, call the ruler for the list of the dissident that draws up blacklist, (2) legal bright form that white list is sanctioned, (3) a white lie harmless lie. It show crime , break the law, such as is it do bandit conduct shout " walk the underworld " , is it kill robbery of goods , do illegal inn of business name the gangster inn to claim to claim, the violated goods trade calls the black market, is named the dirty money and waited with the money that the illegal means is obtained It is the basic taboo color in the western culture to be black (black), have reflected westerner's spiritual abandoning and disgust. It symbolizes the death , ill omen , disaster, if (1) Black Mass fits fairy Mass, (2) to wear black for her father is her father Dai Xiao, (3)black words unlucky words, (4) the fierce day of a black letter day; It symbolizes the evilness , crime, such as (1) the evil devil of Black Man, (2) a black de ed extremely abominable black guard ruffian , hooligan of behavior (3 ); It symbolizes shame, inglorious too, if a black eye disgraced , bad reputation of a black mark stain (2 ) of (1 ); Depressed , angry that it still symbolizes, such as (1) black dog depressed mood, (2) The future looks black prospects are dim, (3)He gave me a black look. He is looking at me in a great rage. 4,In a word there is a very great difference in different national culture in the symbolic meaning of the color word. Fundamentally, among Chinese culture, symbol of color based on China in the past ruling of feudalism, feudalistic superstition and primitive, backward science, educational state take shape, so the symbolic meaning of the color has quite strong inclination of politicizing and mystifying. The color in western culture signifies that benefits from the popularization degree of the national opening in the west and science , education more, symbolic meaning its little and mysterious, getting many some reason, make sometime , motivation easy to track the meaning of a word its. Symbolic meanings of the color between different cultures are all sanctified by usage in the sediment of development, history in the society; it is a kind of permanent culture phenomenon. , interesting, humor, cordial that they can make the language more vivid! List of references: 1, “modern Chinese dictionary ", Foreign Language Teaching and Research Publishing House. June of 1998 2, Zhang Devin, " informal discussion of Chinese and foreign languages ", the publishing house of university of Henna is 1999. 3, Li Yantis, <>, the 2nd Foreign Language Inst. of Beijing, 1998 4, Jig Mingling, " the social cultural meaning of English color word is analyzed ", the journal of Zhen Zhou University, 1997. 3 5, " 300 Tang poetries ", Jillian People's Press, 1999. 汉英语言中表示各种不同颜色或色彩的词语都很丰富。我们不仅要注意观察它们本身的基本意义,更要留心它们含义深广的象征意义,因为它们的象征意义在不同民族语言中往往有不同的特点,有些特点甚至构成了人们对经过引伸、转义以后颜色的崇尚和禁忌。这种不同文化之间颜色象征意义的差异是由于各自民族的文化历史背景、审美心理的不同而产生的,是在社会的发展、历史的沉淀中约定俗成的,是一种永久性的文化现象。本文试图从中西文化对比的角度,去分析、探究各民族文化发展对颜色词的象征意义的影响。 在人类语言中,颜色词语表现出的独特魅力,令人刮目相看。在汉英语言中,表示各种不同颜色或色彩的词都很丰富。我们不仅要注意观察它们本身的基本意义,更要留心它们含义深广的象征意义,因为颜色的象征意义在不同民族语言中往往有不同的特点,有些特点甚至构成了人们对经过引伸、转义以后颜色的崇尚和禁忌。由于我国与绝大部分英语国家相隔万里,地理位置、自然现象、历史背景、审美心理等千差万别,人们对于颜色的感受和表达不尽相同。这样,颜色的象征意义在中西文化之间自然又会产生很大的差异。本文拟就中西文化中词语的颜色、词语的象征意义作一些对比和探讨,以求教于同行和读者。 从科学的定义来说,颜色是由物体发射、反射或透过一定光波所引起的视觉现象,是人眼视觉的一种基本特征。颜色生成的这种定义,对经历封建社会时间相对短,且在近代和现代教育和科学得到普及和飞速发展的西方来说,是比较易于为他们所接受的。西方从文明一开始,就比较注重科学理性的教育和科学方法的发现,对客观世界和客观认识采取现实的科学态度。因此,西方文化中颜色的象征意义往往比较直接,一般是用客观事物的具体颜色来象征某些抽象的文化含义,所以更易追溯其语义理据和逻辑理据。例如:西方文化中的红色(red)主要指鲜血(blood)颜色,而blood在西方人心目中是奔腾在人体内的"生命之液"。一旦鲜血流淌下来,生命之花也就凋谢。所以red使西方人联想到"暴力"和"危险"产生了一种颜色禁忌。美国学者阿思海姆在他的《色彩论》中说:"色彩能有力的表达情感。……红色被认为是令人激动的,因为它能使我们想到火、血和革命的含义。"著名汉学家霍克斯在翻译"红楼梦"时,由于意识到red可能使现代英语读者联想到“暴力"、"流血",所以采用小说原来曾使用的书名《石头记》,译为The story of the stone。但是由于中国经历了几千年的封建社会以及教育和科技的相对落后,在中国文化中,颜色的生成具有强烈的神秘色彩,它的发展受到中国社会文化发展的较大影响。在先秦,颜色词就已经与古人的世界观、哲学思想联系在一起,后来又与政治挂钩。所以中国文化中的颜色内涵和象征意义十分丰富,而且颜色词的象征意义是多元 的。例如,从文化人类学角度来讲,中国文化中的红色源于太阳,因为烈日如火,其色赤红。我们的初祖在祭祈巫舞的过程中,对阳光有一种本能的依恋和崇拜,红色的喜庆和吉祥之意自然而然地产生了。古人还认为"日至而万物生" (《淮南子•天文训》)感到阳光下万物繁茂,生机勃勃,令人振奋,因而对代表太阳的红色产生了特别亲切的感情。再以白色为例,在人类初始阶段,我们的祖先弱小而无力,无法抗拒凶恶猛兽的攻击、光天化日的白昼使他们暴露无遗,有一种随时都有被食肉猛兽扑食的危险,因而对白色有一种本能的恐惧感;另外,我们的初祖还观察到"月到中秋分外明",因而认为明月与萧煞的秋季连在一起,而代表秋天的颜色也就是白色了(银白色的中秋之月)。这样白色在中国文化里就成了一种颜色禁讳。可见颜色的象征意义在漫长的历史进程中的约定俗成的,体现出某种心理功能。下面我们就中西文化中颜色的不同象征意义进行具 体描述。 1、红色 红色是我国文化中的基本崇尚色,它体现了中国人在精神和物质上的追求。它象征着吉祥、喜庆,如把促 成他人美好婚姻的人叫"红娘",喜庆日子要挂大红灯笼、贴红对联、红福字;男娶女嫁时贴大红"喜"字,把热闹、兴旺叫做"红火";形容繁华、热闹的地方叫"红尘";它又象征革命和进步,如中共最初的政权叫“红色政权”,最早的武装叫“红军”,把政治上要求进步、业务上刻苦钻研的人称为“又红又专”等;它也象征顺利、成功,如人的境遇很好被称为"走红"、"红极一时",得到上司宠信的叫"红人",分到合伙经营利润叫"分红",给人发奖金叫"送红包"等;它还象征美丽、漂亮,如指女子盛妆为"红妆"或"红装" ,把艳妆女子称为"红袖",指女子美艳的容颜为"红颜"等。 西方文化中的红色(red)则是一个贬意相当强的词,是"火"、"血"的联想,它象征着残暴、流血,如(1)The red rules oftooth and claw残杀 和暴力统治,(2)red revenge血腥复仇,(3)ared battle血战 ;它又象征激进、暴力革命,如(1)red hotpolitical campaign激烈的政治运动,(2)a red revolution 赤色革命,(3)red activities左派激进活动;它也象征危险、紧张,如(1)red alert空袭报警,(2)a red adventure story一个令人紧张的冒险故事,(3)a red flag危险信号旗;它还象征着放荡、淫秽,如( 1)a red waste of his youth他那因放荡而浪费的青春,(2)ared light district花街柳巷(红灯区),( 3)Is she really sored as she is painted?难到她真的象人们所描绘的那样放荡吗? 至于红色的褒义,如red—letter day喜庆的日子,the red carpet隆重的接待等,则得益于不同文化之间 的交流和融合。据考证,red的褒义是从远东经波斯传到西方的。 2、白色 在中国文化中,白色与红色相反,是一个基本禁忌词,体现了中国人在物质和精神上的摈弃和厌恶。在中国古代的五方说中,西方为白虎,西方是刑天杀神,主萧杀之秋,古代常在秋季征伐不义、处死犯人。所以白色是枯竭而无血色、无生命的表现,象征死亡、凶兆。如自古以来亲人死后家属要披麻戴孝(穿白色孝服)办"白事",要设白色灵堂,出殡时要打白幡;旧时还把白虎视为凶神,所以现在称带给男人厄运的女人为"白虎星"。白色的心理功能在其发展过程中由于受到政治功能的影响,又象征腐朽、反动、落后,如视为"白专道路";它也象征失败、愚蠢、无利可得,如在战争中失败的一方总是打着“白旗”表示投降,称智力低下的人为"白痴",把出力而得不到好处或没有效果叫做"白忙"、"白费力"、"白干"等,它还象征奸邪、阴险,如"唱白脸"、"白脸"奸雄;最后,它还象征知识浅薄、没有功名,如称平民百姓为"白丁"、"白衣"、"白身",把缺乏锻炼、阅历不深的文人称作"白面书生"等。 西方文化中的白色象征意义主要着眼于其本身色彩,如新下的雪、新鲜牛奶及百合花的颜色。西方人认为白色高雅纯洁,所以它是西方文化中的崇尚色。它象征纯真无邪,如(1)awhitesoul纯洁的心灵,(2)whitewedding新娘穿白礼服的婚礼;它又象征正直、诚实,如(1)awhitespirit正直的精神,(2)whitemen高尚、有教养的人,(3)whitehand廉洁、诚实;它也象征幸运、吉利,如(1)oneofthewhitedaysofsb'slife某人生活中的吉日之一,(2)whitemagic有天使相助的法术;它还有合法、无恶意的意思,如(1)whitemarket合法市场,(2)whitelist经过批准的合法明单,(3)awhitelie无害的谎言。 3、黑色 古代黑色为天玄,原来在中国文化里只有沉重的神秘之感,是一种庄重而严肃的色调,它的象征意义由于受西方文化的影响而显得较为复杂。一方面它象征严肃、正义,如民间传说中的"黑脸"包公,传统京剧中的张飞、李逵等人的黑色脸谱;另一方面它又由于其本身的黑暗无光给人以阴险、毒辣和恐怖的感觉。它象征邪恶、反动,如指阴险狠毒的人是"黑心肠",不可告人的丑恶内情是"黑幕",反动集团的成员是"黑帮"、"黑手",把统治者为进行政治迫害而开列的持不同政见者的名单称为"黑名单",它又表示犯罪、违法,如称干盗匪行径叫"走黑道",称杀人劫货、干不法勾当的客店叫做"黑店",违禁的货物交易叫"黑货"、"黑市",用贪赃受贿等非法手段得来的钱叫"黑钱"等。 黑色(black)是西方文化中的基本禁忌色,体现了西方人精神上的摈弃和厌恶。它象征死亡、凶兆、灾难,如(1)BlackMass安灵弥撒,(2)towearblackforhcrfather为她父亲戴孝,(3)blackwords不吉利的话,(4)ablackletterday凶日;它象征邪恶、犯罪,如(1)BlackMan邪恶的恶魔,(2)ablackdeed极其恶劣的行为,(3)blackguard恶棍、流氓,(4)blackmail敲榨、勒索;它也象征耻辱、不光彩,如(1)ablackmark污点,(2)blacksheep败家子,(3)ablackeye丢脸、坏名声,它还象征沮丧、愤怒,如(1)blackdog沮丧情绪,(2)Thefuturelooksblack前途暗淡,(3)Hegavemeablacklook。他怒气冲冲地看着我。 4、其他颜色 黄色在中国文化中是红色的一种发展变异,如旧时人们把宜于办大事的日子称为“黄道吉日”,但是它更代表权势、威严,这是因为在古代的五方、五行、五色中,中央为土黄色。黄色象征中央政权、国土之义,所以黄色便为历代封建帝王所专有,普通人是不能随便使用"黄色"的,如"黄袍"是天子的"龙袍","黄钺"是天子的仪仗,"黄榜"是天子的诏书,"黄马褂"是清朝皇帝钦赐文武重臣的官服。至于现在流行的与"性"有关的"黄色"观念,有一种说法是中西文化交流融合的一种现象。据说美国纽约的《世界报》用黄色油墨印刷低级趣味的漫画以争取销路,人们便称这一类不健康的刊物为“黄色刊物”.

red(红色).红色往往与庆祝活动或喜庆日子有关。因为日历中,这些日子常用红色字体。 black(黑色)在英语中经常有“不好的”、“坏的”、“邪恶的”这种意味。 blue(蓝色)在英语中通常表示不快乐、忧郁的情绪。 green(绿色)英语中的green常用来表示表示“嫉妒”,还表示“新鲜”或没有经验、缺乏训练”的意思。白色(white)英语文化中,white表示幸福和纯洁,如新娘在婚礼上穿白色礼服,代表爱情的纯洁和婚姻的贞洁。gray 灰色,高中麦琪的礼物上有讲过,党代表抑郁 ,心情低落。深白色绿色green在英语中可以表示“嫉妒、眼红”,如:green with envy,green as jealousy,green-eyed monster都是指“十分嫉妒”的意思。汉语中表示“嫉妒”意义的“眼红”,应该翻译为green-eyed而不能翻译为red-eyed。由于美元纸币是绿颜色的,所以green在美国也指代“钱财、钞票、有经济实力”等意义,如:(11) In American political elections the candidates that win are usually the ones who have green power backing them.在美国政治竞选中获胜的候选人通常都是些有财团支持的人物。 在英语中绿色还用来表示没有经验、缺乏训练、知识浅薄等意思,如:(12) The new typist is green at her job. 刚来的打字员是个生手。(13) You cannot expect Mary to do business with such people. She is only eighteen and as green as grass. 你不能指望玛丽同这样的人做生意,她只有十八岁,还毫无经验。黄色黄色在英语和汉语中的引申含义差别比较大。在英语中,yellow可以表示“胆小、卑怯、卑鄙”的意思,例如:a yellow dog 可鄙的人,卑鄙的人a yellow livered 胆小鬼(14) He is too yellow to stand up and fight. 他太软弱,不敢起来斗争。英语中的黄色还用来作为事物的特定颜色,例如,美国有些城市的出租车上标有“yellow”(而不是“taxi”)的字样,代表出租车,因为那里的出租车为黄颜色。如:Yellow Pages 黄页 (电话号码簿,用黄纸印刷)Yellow Book 黄皮书 (法国等国家的政府报告,用黄封面装帧)Yellow boy (俗)金币汉语中x色一词有时象征低级趣味、xx庸俗、x流猥亵的意思,如x色电影、xx书刊、xx光碟等等。这些名称中的“黄”与英语中的“yellow”无关。能够表示汉语中这些意思的词汇应该是:pornographic(x情的)、vulgar(庸俗x流的)、obscene(猥亵的)等。然而,英语中另一个颜色词blue却常用来表示汉语中这类意思,如blue jokes(x流的玩笑), blue films(x色电影)等。蓝色蓝色(blue)在汉语中的引申意义较少,而在英语中blue是一个含义十分丰富的颜色词。在翻译同这一颜色有关的表达时,我们应该注意其中的特别含义。英语的blue常用来喻指人的“情绪低落”、“心情沮丧”、“忧愁苦闷”,如:(15) They felt rather blue after the failure in the football match. 球赛踢输了,他们感到有些沮丧。(16)She looks blue today. What’s the matter with her?She is in holiday blue. 她今天显得闷闷不乐,出了什么事情? 她得了假期忧郁症。例 (15) 中的holiday blue 相当于winter holiday depression,指冬季假期时,人困在家里,感到无聊寂寞时的心情或情绪。另一个同低落的情绪有关的词组是:a blue Monday(倒霉的星期一),指度过快乐的周末后,星期一又要上学或上班,所以情绪不好。blue在英语中有时用来指“黄色的”、“下流的”意思,如:blue talk 下流的言论blue video 黄色录象有时blue又有社会地位高、出身名门的意义,如blue blood(贵族血统)。此外,blue在英语中与其它词汇搭配,还有另外的含义,如:out of blue 意想不到once in a blue 千载难逢drink till all’s blue 一醉方休白色白色(white)在汉语和英语的联想意义中都有纯洁和清白的意思,但也有一些含义上的不同。例如,汉民族文化中,白色与死亡、丧事相联系,如“红白喜事”中的“白”指丧事(funeral),表示哀悼。但在英语文化中,white表示幸福和纯洁,如新娘在婚礼上穿白色礼服,代表爱情的纯洁和婚姻的贞洁。英语中的white有时表达的含义,与汉语中的“白色”没有什么关系,如:a white lie 善意的谎言the white coffee 牛奶咖啡white man 善良的人,有教养的人white-livered 怯懦的white elephant 昂贵又无用之物汉语中有些与“白”字搭配的词组,实际上与英语white所表示的颜色也没有什么联系,而是表达另外的含义,如:白开水 plain boiled water白菜 Chinese cabbage白字 wrongly written or mispronounced character白搭 no use白费事 all in vain黑色黑色(black)在英语和汉语两种语言文化中的联系意义大致相同。例如,黑色是悲哀的颜色,英美人在葬礼上穿黑色服装,中国人在葬礼上戴黑纱。英语中的Black Friday 指耶稣在复活节前受难的星期五,是悲哀的日子。black在英语中还象征气愤和恼怒,如:black in the face 脸色铁青to look black at someone 怒目而视另外,黑色在汉语和英语中都有“阴险”、“邪恶”的含义,不过翻译时不一定用“黑”或“black”的字眼,例如:黑心 evil mind黑手 evil backstage manipulator黑幕 inside story黑线 a sinister lineblack sheep 害群之马black day 凶日black future 暗淡的前途除上面所提到的各种联想意义外,颜色词还与历史、社会、经济等现象有关系,表现出一定的社会属性,例如:历史方面:to raise to the purple升为红衣主教to be born in the purple 生于帝王之家to marry into the purple 与皇室或贵族联姻社会方面:blue-collar workers 蓝领阶层,指普通体力劳动者grey-collar workers 灰领阶层,指服务性行业的职员white-collar workers 白领阶层,指接受过专门技术教育的脑力劳动者pink-collar workers 粉领阶层,指职业妇女群体golden-collar personnel 金领阶层,指既有专业技能又懂管理和营销的人才经济方面:red ink 赤字in the black 盈利white goods 白色货物,指冰箱、洗衣机等外壳为白色的家电产品brown goods 棕色货物,指电视、录音机、音响等外壳为棕色的电子产品。

中英颜色词汇对比研究论文

red(红色):无论在英语国家还是在中国,红色往往与庆祝活动或喜庆日子有关。英语里有 red-letter days(纪念日,喜庆的日子),在西方一般指圣诞节或其他节日,因为这些日子在日历上是用红色标明的,所以red-letter的转义就是“可纪念的”、“喜庆的”。 (普通的日子印的是黑色,但 black-letter day却不是“平常的日子”,而表示“倒霉的一天”。)又如 to paint the town red表示“狂欢”、“痛饮”、“胡闹”,多指夜生活中的狂欢作乐,饮酒胡闹,不是“把全城染红”。此外,roll out the red carpet for sb. 的意思是:“(铺展红地毯)隆重地欢迎某人”。如: He was the first European head of state to visit their country,and they rolled out the red carpet for him.(他是第一个访问该国的欧洲首脑,他们用隆重的礼仪来欢迎他。)

中西文化中颜色词语的象征意义 The symbolic meaning of the color word of between China and western countries Summary: Show in the Chinese-English language the words of different colors or color is very abundant. We not merely should pay attention to observing themselves' basic meaning, should paying attention to the deep and broad symbolic meaning of their meaning even more, because their symbolic meaning often has different characteristics in different national languages, some characteristics even form people to the advocating and taboo of the color after guiding stretching , transferred meaning. The difference of symbolic meanings of the color between such different culture is because of each national difference and producing of historical background , aesthetic psychology of culture, sanctified by usage in the sediment of development , history in the society, it is a kind of permanent culture phenomenon. The angle that this text attempts to compare from Chinese and Western culture with analysis, probe into various nationalities' culture to develop the impact on symbolic meaning of the color word. The human language is extensive and profound, different countries, the unique glamour that different and national color words demonstrate, make people regard with special esteem. In Great Britain's Chinese-English language, all very abundant to displaying different colors or the word of the color. We not merely want to understand their each one's own basic meaning, should pay attention to the deep and broad symbolic meaning of their meaning even more. Because often there are different characteristics in different national languages in symbolic meanings of the color, some characteristics have not represented the meaning of its word itself yet, but guide stretching, transferred meaning to it. First , midwest square color word because of our country and hopeless the greater part English country ten thousand li apart objective cause , symbolic meaning of difference, in the geographical position , scene that history aches , very great difference exists aesthetically psychologically, so the feeling of seeking the color word will not be the same. The symbolic meaning that a color word shows will be various naturally . This text will do some brief contrasts and discussions on the color of the word and symbolic meaning difference in Chinese and Western culture. By the look of definition of the color, color through eyes brain and people a kind of vision effect to the light experience of life produce, it is a vision phenomenon launched , reflecting or causing through certain light wave by the object, it is a kind of basic domestic animal of the human eye vision . About the definition of, it is relatively short to going through the time of the feudal society, and in nearly modern science is popularized and the west of development says at full speed, it is easier they accepted. The west relatively pays attention to the analysis things with rational science from the beginning, display it to the objective world and realistic scientific attitude known objectively. So, the symbolic meaning of the color is often more direct in western culture, generally symbolize some abstract cultural meaning with the concrete color of objective things For example: Western culture " getting red " to point color of " blood " but blood surge forward life liquid of the human body among the mind in westerner mainly, once the blood trickles, the life stops , so, the red make people associate it with the violence , dangerous, thus produced to the red taboo. Western Sinologist translate " Dream of the Red Chamber " may because of the fact that consider " red " make them is it bleed to associate it with, so adopted title " the stone is written " that the novel had used originally, English meant story of the stone to compare with the western civilization, Chinese culture is of long standing and well established, the feudal society that China goes through several thousand years, education and science lag behind relatively, so, in Chinese culture, the thought that the color expresses has strong mystery flavor, the development of the objective reality receives China's social development relatively largely. Color intension and symbolic meaning are very abundant in Chinese culture, and the symbolic meaning of the color word is plural. For example, the red in Chinese culture comes from the sun. Our ancestor has a kind of instinctive attachment and worships to the sunshine, the red joyous and lucky production naturally of purpose. With getting white as example and then, in mankind initial stage, our ancestor is small and weak and unable, make them completely exposed in broad daylight, an attack of the irresistible fiendish beast of prey, therefore the dialogue color has a kind of instinctive frightened sense, so the white becomes a kind of color and prohibits avoiding as taboo in Chinese culture. It is obvious; the symbolic meaning of the color demonstrates the human psychological characteristics at the same time. Second, concrete description of different symbolic meanings of the color in Chinese and Western culture. , the red advocates the color basically in our country's culture. It is lucky , joyous that it symbolizes; For example facilitate others bright marriage name " matchmaker ", joyous day will be it register for bright red lantern to want, stick to and form uniting red, the red good fortune word: The man sticks the bright red " liking " word while marrying the daughter and is married, one is lively | The prosperity is named " flourishing "; It symbolizes the revolution and progress again, for instance, Communist Party of China's initial regime is named " red regime ", the initial arms are called " the Red Army "; It is it smoothly , succeed to symbolize too, such as to very kind to known as " becoming much more popular " circumstances have people; Trusted unduly and called " the favourite follower " by the superior ; Assign to and manage profits and shout and " share out bonus", load the end with the beautiful woman to call " the beauty " ,etc.. The red is one to demote symbol that the word with quite strong purpose is " fire , blood " in western culture, representatives are cruel and ferocious and bleeding. If (1), is it massacre with violence is it claim for The red rules of tooth and claw (2 ) bloody to revenge for red revenge to ruling to describe; It symbolizes the radical violent revolution again, such as (1)It is a red revolution to describe the red revolution (2)Radical political movement represent for red hot political campaign (3 ) the Left radical activity commendatory as for a getting red one for red activities, for instance joyous day the red carpet of red days, grand reception ,etc., benefit from different culture and exchange and merge. 2, White and red and opposite, it is a basic taboo word; reflect Chinese are in the material and spiritual abandoning and disgust. The white does not have blood color, dead behavior; symbolize the death, ill omen. If the relative has wanted to wrap rough Dai Xiao after dying since ancient times, worn the white mourning dress, is called the funeral, set up the white mourning hall , should hit the white long narrow flag while carrying a coffin to the cemetery . Getting white word is it reach political influence is it fail, be unwise, is it take to have no profit to signify also to like in the course of its development, such as party that fail play " white flag " say that surrenders always among war; Call person with low intelligence " eat free ", exert oneself but make the advantage or come to naught and is named " busy oneself to no purpose " | " waste strength ". Finally, it signifies there is little knowledge, there is not fame and gain, such as calling rank and file “the commoner ", temper being scarce, scholar not deep calls “the pale-faced scholar ",etc. the experience. Western culture getting white symbolic meaning focus on one's own color their mainly, snow such as being new, fresh milk and color of the lily. Westerners think it white and graceful and pure, so it is the advocating color in the western culture. It is evil that it signifies that too pure to have, such as (1) a white souls, pure white wedding bride's wedding in white full dress of soul (2 ); It is honest , honest that it symbolizes again, such as (1) a white spirit honest soul (2)A white men is noble, an educated person. (3)White hand is honest; It is honest , honest that it symbolizes again, such as (1) a white spirit honest soul (2)A white men is noble, an educated person. (3)White hand is honest; It symbolize lucky too, if (1) somebody, life of one of the white days o f sib’s, it have legal and having hostile meaning lucky day of the life, such as (1) white market legal market, 3, the black has heavy mysterious senses in Chinese culture, it is a kind of serious and serious tone, and its symbolic meaning seems comparatively complicated because of affecting by western culture. On one hand it symbolizes serious , justice, black face Boa Zhen in the popular legend , black type of facial make up of Zhang Fey , Li Chui in traditional Beijing opera ,etc.; It again because a one's own one their dark to give somebody sinisterly , sinister and terrific feeling while being unglazed on the other hand. It symbolizes evilly, reactionary, such as meaning the sinisterly vicious person is a black heart, hidden repulsive inside information is " shady deal ", members of the reactionary group are the reactionary gang, evil backstage manipulator, call the ruler for the list of the dissident that draws up blacklist, (2) legal bright form that white list is sanctioned, (3) a white lie harmless lie. It show crime , break the law, such as is it do bandit conduct shout " walk the underworld " , is it kill robbery of goods , do illegal inn of business name the gangster inn to claim to claim, the violated goods trade calls the black market, is named the dirty money and waited with the money that the illegal means is obtained It is the basic taboo color in the western culture to be black (black), have reflected westerner's spiritual abandoning and disgust. It symbolizes the death , ill omen , disaster, if (1) Black Mass fits fairy Mass, (2) to wear black for her father is her father Dai Xiao, (3)black words unlucky words, (4) the fierce day of a black letter day; It symbolizes the evilness , crime, such as (1) the evil devil of Black Man, (2) a black de ed extremely abominable black guard ruffian , hooligan of behavior (3 ); It symbolizes shame, inglorious too, if a black eye disgraced , bad reputation of a black mark stain (2 ) of (1 ); Depressed , angry that it still symbolizes, such as (1) black dog depressed mood, (2) The future looks black prospects are dim, (3)He gave me a black look. He is looking at me in a great rage. 4,In a word there is a very great difference in different national culture in the symbolic meaning of the color word. Fundamentally, among Chinese culture, symbol of color based on China in the past ruling of feudalism, feudalistic superstition and primitive, backward science, educational state take shape, so the symbolic meaning of the color has quite strong inclination of politicizing and mystifying. The color in western culture signifies that benefits from the popularization degree of the national opening in the west and science , education more, symbolic meaning its little and mysterious, getting many some reason, make sometime , motivation easy to track the meaning of a word its. Symbolic meanings of the color between different cultures are all sanctified by usage in the sediment of development, history in the society; it is a kind of permanent culture phenomenon. , interesting, humor, cordial that they can make the language more vivid! List of references: 1, “modern Chinese dictionary ", Foreign Language Teaching and Research Publishing House. June of 1998 2, Zhang Devin, " informal discussion of Chinese and foreign languages ", the publishing house of university of Henna is 1999. 3, Li Yantis, <>, the 2nd Foreign Language Inst. of Beijing, 1998 4, Jig Mingling, " the social cultural meaning of English color word is analyzed ", the journal of Zhen Zhou University, 1997. 3 5, " 300 Tang poetries ", Jillian People's Press, 1999. 汉英语言中表示各种不同颜色或色彩的词语都很丰富。我们不仅要注意观察它们本身的基本意义,更要留心它们含义深广的象征意义,因为它们的象征意义在不同民族语言中往往有不同的特点,有些特点甚至构成了人们对经过引伸、转义以后颜色的崇尚和禁忌。这种不同文化之间颜色象征意义的差异是由于各自民族的文化历史背景、审美心理的不同而产生的,是在社会的发展、历史的沉淀中约定俗成的,是一种永久性的文化现象。本文试图从中西文化对比的角度,去分析、探究各民族文化发展对颜色词的象征意义的影响。 在人类语言中,颜色词语表现出的独特魅力,令人刮目相看。在汉英语言中,表示各种不同颜色或色彩的词都很丰富。我们不仅要注意观察它们本身的基本意义,更要留心它们含义深广的象征意义,因为颜色的象征意义在不同民族语言中往往有不同的特点,有些特点甚至构成了人们对经过引伸、转义以后颜色的崇尚和禁忌。由于我国与绝大部分英语国家相隔万里,地理位置、自然现象、历史背景、审美心理等千差万别,人们对于颜色的感受和表达不尽相同。这样,颜色的象征意义在中西文化之间自然又会产生很大的差异。本文拟就中西文化中词语的颜色、词语的象征意义作一些对比和探讨,以求教于同行和读者。 从科学的定义来说,颜色是由物体发射、反射或透过一定光波所引起的视觉现象,是人眼视觉的一种基本特征。颜色生成的这种定义,对经历封建社会时间相对短,且在近代和现代教育和科学得到普及和飞速发展的西方来说,是比较易于为他们所接受的。西方从文明一开始,就比较注重科学理性的教育和科学方法的发现,对客观世界和客观认识采取现实的科学态度。因此,西方文化中颜色的象征意义往往比较直接,一般是用客观事物的具体颜色来象征某些抽象的文化含义,所以更易追溯其语义理据和逻辑理据。例如:西方文化中的红色(red)主要指鲜血(blood)颜色,而blood在西方人心目中是奔腾在人体内的"生命之液"。一旦鲜血流淌下来,生命之花也就凋谢。所以red使西方人联想到"暴力"和"危险"产生了一种颜色禁忌。美国学者阿思海姆在他的《色彩论》中说:"色彩能有力的表达情感。……红色被认为是令人激动的,因为它能使我们想到火、血和革命的含义。"著名汉学家霍克斯在翻译"红楼梦"时,由于意识到red可能使现代英语读者联想到“暴力"、"流血",所以采用小说原来曾使用的书名《石头记》,译为The story of the stone。但是由于中国经历了几千年的封建社会以及教育和科技的相对落后,在中国文化中,颜色的生成具有强烈的神秘色彩,它的发展受到中国社会文化发展的较大影响。在先秦,颜色词就已经与古人的世界观、哲学思想联系在一起,后来又与政治挂钩。所以中国文化中的颜色内涵和象征意义十分丰富,而且颜色词的象征意义是多元 的。例如,从文化人类学角度来讲,中国文化中的红色源于太阳,因为烈日如火,其色赤红。我们的初祖在祭祈巫舞的过程中,对阳光有一种本能的依恋和崇拜,红色的喜庆和吉祥之意自然而然地产生了。古人还认为"日至而万物生" (《淮南子•天文训》)感到阳光下万物繁茂,生机勃勃,令人振奋,因而对代表太阳的红色产生了特别亲切的感情。再以白色为例,在人类初始阶段,我们的祖先弱小而无力,无法抗拒凶恶猛兽的攻击、光天化日的白昼使他们暴露无遗,有一种随时都有被食肉猛兽扑食的危险,因而对白色有一种本能的恐惧感;另外,我们的初祖还观察到"月到中秋分外明",因而认为明月与萧煞的秋季连在一起,而代表秋天的颜色也就是白色了(银白色的中秋之月)。这样白色在中国文化里就成了一种颜色禁讳。可见颜色的象征意义在漫长的历史进程中的约定俗成的,体现出某种心理功能。下面我们就中西文化中颜色的不同象征意义进行具 体描述。 1、红色 红色是我国文化中的基本崇尚色,它体现了中国人在精神和物质上的追求。它象征着吉祥、喜庆,如把促 成他人美好婚姻的人叫"红娘",喜庆日子要挂大红灯笼、贴红对联、红福字;男娶女嫁时贴大红"喜"字,把热闹、兴旺叫做"红火";形容繁华、热闹的地方叫"红尘";它又象征革命和进步,如中共最初的政权叫“红色政权”,最早的武装叫“红军”,把政治上要求进步、业务上刻苦钻研的人称为“又红又专”等;它也象征顺利、成功,如人的境遇很好被称为"走红"、"红极一时",得到上司宠信的叫"红人",分到合伙经营利润叫"分红",给人发奖金叫"送红包"等;它还象征美丽、漂亮,如指女子盛妆为"红妆"或"红装" ,把艳妆女子称为"红袖",指女子美艳的容颜为"红颜"等。 西方文化中的红色(red)则是一个贬意相当强的词,是"火"、"血"的联想,它象征着残暴、流血,如(1)The red rules oftooth and claw残杀 和暴力统治,(2)red revenge血腥复仇,(3)ared battle血战 ;它又象征激进、暴力革命,如(1)red hotpolitical campaign激烈的政治运动,(2)a red revolution 赤色革命,(3)red activities左派激进活动;它也象征危险、紧张,如(1)red alert空袭报警,(2)a red adventure story一个令人紧张的冒险故事,(3)a red flag危险信号旗;它还象征着放荡、淫秽,如( 1)a red waste of his youth他那因放荡而浪费的青春,(2)ared light district花街柳巷(红灯区),( 3)Is she really sored as she is painted?难到她真的象人们所描绘的那样放荡吗? 至于红色的褒义,如red—letter day喜庆的日子,the red carpet隆重的接待等,则得益于不同文化之间 的交流和融合。据考证,red的褒义是从远东经波斯传到西方的。 2、白色 在中国文化中,白色与红色相反,是一个基本禁忌词,体现了中国人在物质和精神上的摈弃和厌恶。在中国古代的五方说中,西方为白虎,西方是刑天杀神,主萧杀之秋,古代常在秋季征伐不义、处死犯人。所以白色是枯竭而无血色、无生命的表现,象征死亡、凶兆。如自古以来亲人死后家属要披麻戴孝(穿白色孝服)办"白事",要设白色灵堂,出殡时要打白幡;旧时还把白虎视为凶神,所以现在称带给男人厄运的女人为"白虎星"。白色的心理功能在其发展过程中由于受到政治功能的影响,又象征腐朽、反动、落后,如视为"白专道路";它也象征失败、愚蠢、无利可得,如在战争中失败的一方总是打着“白旗”表示投降,称智力低下的人为"白痴",把出力而得不到好处或没有效果叫做"白忙"、"白费力"、"白干"等,它还象征奸邪、阴险,如"唱白脸"、"白脸"奸雄;最后,它还象征知识浅薄、没有功名,如称平民百姓为"白丁"、"白衣"、"白身",把缺乏锻炼、阅历不深的文人称作"白面书生"等。 西方文化中的白色象征意义主要着眼于其本身色彩,如新下的雪、新鲜牛奶及百合花的颜色。西方人认为白色高雅纯洁,所以它是西方文化中的崇尚色。它象征纯真无邪,如(1)awhitesoul纯洁的心灵,(2)whitewedding新娘穿白礼服的婚礼;它又象征正直、诚实,如(1)awhitespirit正直的精神,(2)whitemen高尚、有教养的人,(3)whitehand廉洁、诚实;它也象征幸运、吉利,如(1)oneofthewhitedaysofsb'slife某人生活中的吉日之一,(2)whitemagic有天使相助的法术;它还有合法、无恶意的意思,如(1)whitemarket合法市场,(2)whitelist经过批准的合法明单,(3)awhitelie无害的谎言。 3、黑色 古代黑色为天玄,原来在中国文化里只有沉重的神秘之感,是一种庄重而严肃的色调,它的象征意义由于受西方文化的影响而显得较为复杂。一方面它象征严肃、正义,如民间传说中的"黑脸"包公,传统京剧中的张飞、李逵等人的黑色脸谱;另一方面它又由于其本身的黑暗无光给人以阴险、毒辣和恐怖的感觉。它象征邪恶、反动,如指阴险狠毒的人是"黑心肠",不可告人的丑恶内情是"黑幕",反动集团的成员是"黑帮"、"黑手",把统治者为进行政治迫害而开列的持不同政见者的名单称为"黑名单",它又表示犯罪、违法,如称干盗匪行径叫"走黑道",称杀人劫货、干不法勾当的客店叫做"黑店",违禁的货物交易叫"黑货"、"黑市",用贪赃受贿等非法手段得来的钱叫"黑钱"等。 黑色(black)是西方文化中的基本禁忌色,体现了西方人精神上的摈弃和厌恶。它象征死亡、凶兆、灾难,如(1)BlackMass安灵弥撒,(2)towearblackforhcrfather为她父亲戴孝,(3)blackwords不吉利的话,(4)ablackletterday凶日;它象征邪恶、犯罪,如(1)BlackMan邪恶的恶魔,(2)ablackdeed极其恶劣的行为,(3)blackguard恶棍、流氓,(4)blackmail敲榨、勒索;它也象征耻辱、不光彩,如(1)ablackmark污点,(2)blacksheep败家子,(3)ablackeye丢脸、坏名声,它还象征沮丧、愤怒,如(1)blackdog沮丧情绪,(2)Thefuturelooksblack前途暗淡,(3)Hegavemeablacklook。他怒气冲冲地看着我。 4、其他颜色 黄色在中国文化中是红色的一种发展变异,如旧时人们把宜于办大事的日子称为“黄道吉日”,但是它更代表权势、威严,这是因为在古代的五方、五行、五色中,中央为土黄色。黄色象征中央政权、国土之义,所以黄色便为历代封建帝王所专有,普通人是不能随便使用"黄色"的,如"黄袍"是天子的"龙袍","黄钺"是天子的仪仗,"黄榜"是天子的诏书,"黄马褂"是清朝皇帝钦赐文武重臣的官服。至于现在流行的与"性"有关的"黄色"观念,有一种说法是中西文化交流融合的一种现象。据说美国纽约的《世界报》用黄色油墨印刷低级趣味的漫画以争取销路,人们便称这一类不健康的刊物为“黄色刊物”.

★★★我是工程类课程老师,不是代写论文的,仅仅提供资料并进行探讨而已. ★★★★在我的个人中心有维普资讯的账号密码,需要的可以去那查找相关的论文期刊资料,如有不能使用的,麻烦提出,我尽快更新. 有人说我一直用类似的答案回答,但是我不得不这么做。学会自己搜索数据库对写论文是非常有帮助的,其实没有人会在网上真得写一篇论文出来,即使是收费的,也仅仅是东凑一点西拼一点而已,还不如自己去找呢! 您也可以去以下网站找资料,然后提问索取全文(索取请先使用我个人中心的维普账号查看是否能自行下载): ★(如果上不去,换) 是个收费网站,而且很贵!!!!但是你可以去那里查资料然后问我要全文,因为CNKI的资料很全,有3400多万篇文章。 当然你在任何论文网站或数据库下载全文遇到收费时,都可以向我寻求帮助! 中国知网,你上去输入关键词,搜索一下就有了 索取全文参看 搜索结果如: 1. 浅谈中西文化差异与翻译 被引次数:67次 朱耀先 文献来自:中国翻译 1997年 第04期 浅谈中西文化差异与翻译浅谈中西文化差异与翻译朱耀先文化差异是翻译中的障碍和难题。要在两种语言之间进行翻译,除了通晓两种语言文字外,还必须了解两种文化,深刻理解两种文化之间的差异。本文拟从历史文化、地域文化、习俗文化 ... 2. 英汉基本颜色词文化内涵的共性与差异 被引次数:3次 卢玮 文献来自:十堰职业技术学院学报 1998年 第02期 颜色词与民族心理;(2)颜色词与尊卑等级;(3)颜色词与民俗;(4)颜色词与宗教,探讨了英汉基本颜色词所蕴藏的文化内涵 ... 3. 从英汉颜色词透视中西文化差异 徐湘平 文献来自:怀化学院学报 2007年 第03期 神与形的文化差异造就了汉英颜色词的不同。四、颜色词所体现的民俗文化差异中英两国所处的社会文化背景不同,颜色词体现出鲜明的民族性,反映了两种语言丰富的民俗文化用语及历史渊源。在英语文化中各自有许多丰富的典故。汉文化中的大 ... 4. 英汉颜色词所表现的中西文化差异 陈永烨 文献来自:辽宁工程技术大学学报(社会科学版) 2005年 第04期 更要注重文化个性的冲突。英汉颜色词所表现的中西文化差异@陈永烨$河南经贸职业学院外语旅游系 ... 了解并掌握这些颜色词的语义及其引申意义差异性,对促进中西文化交流和翻译实践有一定的现实指导意义。[1]张丛江,王雪梅 ... 5. 从颜色词看英汉语言中的文化差异 被引次数:1次 郭晓英 文献来自:天水师范学院学报 2005年 第03期 产生于社会文化中的颜色词,由于其生成土壤的不同,其所涵盖的信息和赋予的意义也不一样。以下笔者将从七个方面探讨颜色词在英汉语言中的差异。一、不同政治制度导致的差异各民族由于不同的政治经济制度,他们利用不同颜色代表政治派别或 ... 6. 谈英语文化语用教学及颜色词的中西差异 张丽 文献来自:连云港师范高等专科学校学报 2002年 第03期 是一种永久性的文化现象。本文试图从颜色词中西文化对比的角度 ,去分析、探究各民族文化发展对颜色词的象征意义的影响。[1]夏征龙 ... 7. 从“礼貌”特征看中西文化差异 被引次数:5次 韦琴红 文献来自:临沂师范学院学报 2001年 第03期 与英语民族性注重隐私和个人自主性存在着巨大的文化差异。只有了解了这种由于中西文化的不同所导致的礼貌问题上的文化差异,才可以避免语用失误,达到跨文化交际成功的目的。[1]邓炎昌,刘润清 ... 8. 漫谈汉英颜色词的文化内涵 被引次数:4次 潘章仙 文献来自:浙江师大学报(社会科学版) 1996年 第05期 以便从中窥见不同民族文化对语言产生的巨大影响力和渗透力。一、颜色词的感情色彩所谓颜色词指的是那些描写事物颜色的词语 ... 9. 浅谈汉语词语的文化意义与中西文化差异 被引次数:2次 陈岩 文献来自:黑龙江社会科学 2005年 第02期 词语的文化意义充分反映该语言社团的生活现实和该语言社团成员对词的所指对象的心理印象,最能反映民族差异,同时也对词语的理解产生干扰。浅谈汉语词语的文化意义与中西文化差异@陈岩$东北农业大学国际文化教育学院 ... 10. 颜色词语与中西文化差异 张立改 刘丽娟 文献来自:河北自学考试 2007年 第08期 颜色词语与中西文化差异@张立改 @刘丽娟<正>英汉语言习惯不同,风俗各异,表示颜色的方法和用词也不尽相同,就是对同一颜色的理解与使用也有差异。随着人类文明的不断发展,表示颜色的词汇也相应地不断得到丰富,其意 ... 上一页 1 [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] 下一页

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国画(guohua)、书法十字绣的相关技术探讨(我们对"跳针"、"杂色"的态度)technical discussion:cross-stitch of traditional chinese paintings & calligraphies (jaklio of ttxt)国画(guohua)、书法十字绣的相关技术探讨jaklio中国画、中国书法是用毛笔作于宣纸或者丝绢上,笔墨浸染,往往几笔就能传神,取材立意布局谋篇贯穿中国的务虚美学情结,这是与世界上其他地方的绘画、书写作品的最根本不同之处。就将国画、书法制作为十字绣作品而言,我们主张忠实于原作,力求保持国画、书法的独特神韵。于是在用布和用色、用针这三方面,国画、书法十字绣作品都与其他不同。用布,对照国画、书法原作所用纸/绢的颜色,常用blanc、ecru以及浅米色(712)、浅亚麻色(738)、浅咖啡色布。某些书法作品也可以用到红布、黑布、亮丝布等。至于用布的规格,市面上几乎全部是aida,经过实验,aida 14ct绣2股、18ct或者22ct绣单股都是很好的选择,最好不用16ct,至于25ct、28ct、32ct绣单股也有更好的表现,只是太细密绣起来比较辛苦,所以不作推荐,适应绣超细格的jms还是可以选用。16ct绣2股线的话,过线会比较紧,结果会将线磨得比较毛,影响光泽效果;而绣单股线的话呢,16ct似乎又漏底太多了,最后的效果会比较灰蒙蒙,实际是底色漏出来所致……所以不建议用16ct。11ct及更大格的绣布不可避免地造成作品粗糙,特别妨碍印章及线条的表现,所以如果不是为了应付一个"大"作品的话,不要用。用色,因为要表现国画、书法中笔墨对纸/绢的浸润,以及当时作者用笔用色的轻重缓急,再加上不同时期不同质地印章(印泥)的颜色、质感,所以作品上会形成"边缘"和"过渡"这两样东西。我们首先要将"边缘"和"过渡"与"杂色"区分开来,"杂色"是电子文件颜色配置以及一些转换软件的转色方式的缺陷形成的,表现为与周围颜色格格不入,而"边缘"位于绣区与不绣区的交接地带,是主体颜色的发散,"过渡"位于绣区的中间,大多是不同颜色之间的相互渗透或者相同颜色的轻重缓急。可以这么说,没有边缘,作品比较容易陷于突兀、生硬,没有过渡,作品则比较容易陷于呆板、没有灵气。所以国画、书法作品中,往往会需要黑色和几种深灰、深棕色来表现墨色,而不是单单黑色就行,往往需要有适当的边缘,才能表现笔墨的浸润,其他颜色也一样,一味地消除"跳针",会直接影响chinese style的感觉。

你可以自己去知网和万方数据库搜,有的是,别人自己写的没发表的不会给你,除了靠这个赚钱的枪手,你在这里喊又不给钱,人家也不会给你。

把你文献综述给我吧,一千字左右就可以了,我也是写的关于颜色的,我的提问悬赏100分,麻烦贴给我吧~~~跪谢跪谢~~~~

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