发布时间：
论文用到的专业性词汇比较多，很多时候在写英文的时候可能会感到困难，我用过的是这个，你看一下吧。
第一步，在首页三大板块中点击【文档翻译】。
第二步，点击【选择文件】，从电脑中选中文件（注意这篇文档里只放论文摘要部分），点击【打开】。
第三步，文件上传之后，看到翻译语种选择，设置为【简体中文】转换【英语】，点击右下角【立即翻译】。
第四步，等到翻译完成，屏幕上会跳出温馨提示，点击【查看文件】，就能找到保存在电脑上已经翻译成英文的论文摘要了。
In this paper, ordinary differential equations courses, to explore how to realize "high-early binding", and mathematics in secondary schools in the basis of ordinary differential equations, as well as ordinary differential equations of the guiding role of mathematics in secondary schools to do some discussion, for systems of ordinary differential equations of high under the mathematical point of view to provide some secondary words, Ordinary Differential Equations; School Mathematics; combination of high early
论文摘要是对论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述，要求扼要地说明研究工作的目的、研究方法和最终结论等，重点是结论，是一篇具有独立性和完整性的短文，根据内容的不同，摘要可分为以下三大类：报道性摘要、指示性摘要和报道指示性摘要。
中文名
论文摘要
外文名
abstract
字 数
一般为正文字数10%左右
语 言
一般中文与英文并存
主要组成
目的 方法 结果 结论
论文英语摘要的翻译如下：
English Abstract of Thesis。
英语的重要性如下：
1、扩宽学生的视野和思考能力。学习英语要从小开始，学生在学习英语的过程中，能够了解外国的语言文化，在和他人交流的过程中，自己也会了解如何应用英语才更加顺畅，学习英语是一件有必要的事情。
2、提高学生的语言技能，为自己增添了一项语言能力。对于不怎么喜欢交流的学生来讲，学习英语可以让自己处于独立的空间，一些事情的处理都会围绕自己能力去展开，这样不仅仅提高自己的语言技能，才为自己添加了一项语言能力。
3、提高学生的社交能力，方便学生寻找工作。现在进入社会的学生，想要寻找较为适合的工作，就要具备各种能力，英语就是一种，不过，学生要明白，在学校学习的英语需要经过长时间交流，才能成为生活中应用的英语。
无论从个人发展还是国情需要，都要求我们现在要学好英语，有良好的英语文化才可以让你在以后的发展中如虎添翼。英语的应用无处不在，我们已经身处一个改革开放的新时代，掌握好英语才能让你在改革浪潮中披荆斩棘勇往直前，努力学习英语吧！
论文的英文摘要注意事项如下：
英文摘要翻译一般应符合以下几点要求：目的、方法、结果和结论四要素应完整；逻辑关系应清晰，准确和恰当地运用词汇、语法和连词三种形式的语义连接；创新点应突出，应将创新点凝练，放在首句，进而符合英语的语言习惯，是原始创新还是改进，是机理方面还是方法的创新应给予明确。
简洁，尽量用短句，谓语动词应尽量靠近主语，突出主要的信息；规范，应选用标准的英语词汇，避免行话和俗语等不规范词汇；主题词英语标题和关键词中的一致。符合语法规则。
中文摘要一般无主语，一般的语言范式如介绍….、分析….、得出….，一个动词代表一个事件，选用他this paper为摘要的载体是，翻译方便，容易翻译成英文的焦点句，焦点在动词上，this paper 统领这个事件。
而用被动语态范式时，就变成了被介绍…、被分析…、被得出…,这样的缺点是，句子零散，多套主谓关系，而用this paper做主语时，只有一套主谓关系，科技英语的语用特点是，主语少，这样的表达客观、简洁、一目了然，动作的发出者最少得付出，得到最大的结果。
确定this paper 为主语后，选用一个动词能够体现所要表答的焦点，将介绍、分析和得出等动词转变成相应的动作名词，由所选定的动词统领这些抽象动作名词，实现一套主谓关系。
当以paper为主语时，谓语动词可以选用：deal with，be concerned with，highlight, investigate, stress, feature等，具体使用哪个动词取决于摘要所要表达的内容。
现在毕业论文都很严格，肯定需要英文摘要。但是写英文摘要的时候一定要注意，中文摘要确定无误了再翻译成英文！否则，中文摘要改了，英文摘要还要重新翻译！
不用吧，你又不是英语专业的。毕业论文的相关问题你应该问你的指导老师比较好，每个老师有自己的小要求。
要翻译的。翻译既要有中文版本，也需要外文版本。而这个外文版本，一般指的就是英语版本哈。你是汉语言专业的话，中文摘要在前，英文摘要在后哈。
写论文摘要时以一般现在时为主。
介绍背景知识时，要用一般现在时，例如：
Speech recognition is the task of converting speech into text.
叙述研究现状时，也可以用一般现在时，例如：
This essay is to analyse how the era influences corporate cultures, and to give suggestions on the building of corporate cultures.
叙述研究结果时，大多数用一般过去时，例如：
Our text achieved the possibility above.
我在学姐的推荐下找到了翻译狗，他最大的优点就是PDF可以直接进行翻译，而且翻译出来的排版和原来的英文排版一致，无需排版方便校对，缺点就是大量翻译要收费，而且语法会有一些问题，后期需要修改，也可以直接找北京译顶科技翻译，人工肯定是比机翻好。
在论文翻译时要注意相关的内容格式、内容所表达的事项、技巧等等。一个符号可能所代表的意义就不一样，因此大家要将语句的意思以及作者的中心思想和所表达的事务进行掌握。
学术堂根据多方经验总结出了在论文翻译时需要注意的三个细节:1、语态方面;2、时态方面;3、用词技巧,下面就给大家详细的讲述一下这三个细节:第一语态方面,在文章摘要翻译中,最常采用的语态是被动语态.如:A new approach is put forward in the paper that……/Conclusion can be drawn from the experiment that……通过体会这些被动语态的例子,我们不难发现:较之主动语态,被动式在科技摘要翻译中有着如下的优势:与科研实验相关的sci论文内容常常需要介绍客观的、不以人的意志为转移的研究过程、实验结果等方面内容.使用被动语态可以更好地突出科学研究的客观性.使用被动式也可避免提及动作的施动者,这样反而使研究动作有了更广泛的普遍性.由于被动语态的特殊结构,使其在句子结构调节方面有着更大的灵活性,有利于在添加短语结构、扩充句子信息的同时保持句式的平衡、工整.第二时态发挥着传达信息的作用.通过时态的选择和在同一篇文章摘要中不同时态的搭配使用,译者可以很便捷地表达出各个研究行为间的时间先后次序以及相互之间的影响与联系.然而.在许多文章摘要翻译中存在着时态运用不当的问题,这样会严重影响读者对文章的理解也会降低科技文章的水平.科技文章摘要的英译常选用的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时.这三种时态适用于以下的不同情况:1)一般现在时用来叙述研究的目标、内容、方法以及研究结果等,通常表示现在存在的状态、客观事实或普遍真理.2)一般过去时则往往用来说明过去尤其是文章撰写之前某一时间的发现、研究过程或最终试验结果.此时态用来表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态.3) 现在完成时用来介绍已经完成的研究和试验,并强调其对现在的影响.此时态将过去时间发生的事情与现在的情况联系起来,强调过去对现在的影响和作用.The result has been proved that……第三用词技巧:1.所选之词力求简单,尽量用短词代替长词,常用词代替生僻词.但在动词的使用上,医学英语更多地强调用规范的书面语动词来代替口语中的短语动词,如:用evaporate而不用to turn ?into vapor;用discover而不用to find out;用absorb而不用to take in等等.2.尽量采用"-ing分词"和"-ed分词"作定语,少用关系代词which、who等引导的定语从句这样一来,既能简化语句,又能减少时态判定的失误.例:The objective of the study was to obtain the gene of human Aromatic amino aciddecarboxylase(AADC)needed (比which is need要好)in gene therapy for Parkinson's disease.本研究目的在于获得帕金森病基因治疗中所需的人芳香族氦基酸脱羧酶(AADC)的基因.3. 尽量使用缩写词和名词作定语,既能简化句型又可增大信息密度.例:Transcription to mRNA is a process very similar to DNA replication and may use some of the same enzymes.信使RNA的转译过程与DNA的复制过程非常相似,它可能需要一一些同种类的酶的参与.(句子中DNA是Deoxyribonucleic acid的缩写词,同时又作为名词修饰replication).
或者像大家说的网上免费的翻译平台，搜狗翻译、谷歌翻译这些也可以，但是免费的机器翻译的结果目前来说准确率还不是很高，你的是学术论文，建议还是找人工翻译比较好，我论文翻译找的是北京译顶科技，那边都是人工翻译
Title:On the crime of polluting the environment Abstract: with the development of China's economy and the improvement of productivity, environmental pollution is becoming increasingly serious, the judicial practice of the crime of major environmental pollution accident before the difficult to play a role in the "criminal law amendment (eight)" after the introduction of the crime of major environmental pollution accident has made great changes, but there is still insufficient. How to make the crime of the new pollution environment better play a role in the judicial practice is one of the key issues of environmental governance at first chapter is an overview of the crime of polluting the environment, mainly about the concept and characteristics of this crime; the second chapter is the key elements of the crime of polluting the environment of the paper, mainly from the object of the crime, the objective aspect and subjective aspect, the objective aspect of crime, crime analysis results and the type of crime, the subjective aspect of the imputation principle of the key discussion; the third chapter is the identification of environmental pollution crime, mainly discusses the definition of the crime of crime and non crime, illegal disposal, the difference between causation and other crimes, and then discusses the legal punishment of the crime; the fourth chapter is about the suggestions, mainly is to refine the charges and increase the types of words: criminal law; criminal law amendment eight; environmental pollution
这个是在哪里看的？
Hot Deformation Behavior of metal an important aspect of research is to study the metal in the process of hot deformation behavior of the flow stress, as well as changes in the law of the mechanical properties of the macro-response behavior is the flow stress. According to the theory of deformation, the flow stress of metal materials in a one-way refers to the deformation conditions sufficient to achieve plastic deformation of the stress intensity. Metals and alloys in the plastic working process, the flow stress determined the deformation of the size of equipment needed to load and the size of the required energy consumption. Generally speaking, the impact of the metal flow stress factors in general can be divided into internal factors and external factors. The main external factors, including deformation temperature, strain rate and strain (deformation), they are internal factors of the flow stress of metallic materials. Deformation temperature on the impact of flow stress as follows: flow stress with deformation temperature lower, but reduced somewhat different, that is, the higher strain rate, with the increase in deformation temperature, flow stress gradient reduced more Great. Strain rate on the impact of flow stress: the higher the strain rate, the greater the value of flow stress, and increase the flow stress with temperature changes, temperature, the higher the lower the rate of increase. The rate of increase of flow stress is not maintained at a fixed value, but as the strain rate changes. Internal factors include the chemical composition of metals, metal the microstructure changes such as dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization, such as work hardening. High-temperature mechanical deformation of metallic materials from high temperature creep behavior of metals on the basis of developed. Metals and alloys the existence of thermal processing thermal activation process, the strain rate thermal activation process control. Deformation under different conditions using different expressions, but also related to thermal activation, the dislocation movement, such as the micro-mechanism. This paper AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet for the study, the RG-based microcomputer-controlled universal testing machine, metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscopy tools, research and analysis of magnesium alloy at different temperatures forming performance, flow stress and microstructure changes in the law. The following conclusions: 1. Extrusion, cross-rolling, cold-rolled, hot-rolled, as well as the level of casting AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet metal microstructure is equiaxed structure, the grain size of 5 ~ 25μm; 2. Extrusion of magnesium alloy sheet metal grain size is about 5 ~ μm, the strain rate is less than , the deformation temperature is higher than 150 ℃, the extension rate of greater than 45%, and with the strain rate lower or raise the temperature of the peak flow stress also be reduced accordingly. When the temperature is 425 ℃, then the peak steady-state flow stress is almost equal to the flow stress at the time that the peak stress does not appear, and its value in between 18 ~ 20MPa, and the extension rate of 132%. 3. Cross-rolled sheet metal so that the peak flow stress decreased significantly increased plasticity. (And can reduce or eliminate the anisotropic material to improve the performance of its punch, so that elongation of the material significantly increased for deep-drawing deformation even provided a good internal organization.) At a temperature of 425 ℃, strain rate is less than , the elongation δ> 225%, alloy shows superplasticity. 4. 250 ~ 425 ℃ temperature range, semi-continuous casting + annealing cold-rolled sheet before and after the stress - strain curve changes little elongation δ are greater than 65%. Cold-rolled sheet can be used directly in temperatures greater than 250 ℃ forming thermal processing. 5. At a high temperature to soften and as a result of the role of dynamic recrystallization results of horizontal continuous casting + anisotropic cold-rolled sheet has been significantly improved. At 250 ℃ when the sheet are an extension of the rate of 118 percent, the smallest anisotropy alloys. 6. At a temperature less than 220 ℃, the fracture morphology of the main axis for large and small dimples, such as composition, surface tear edge clarity, and depth of dimples smaller size; When the temperature is greater than 240 ℃ when the equiaxed the edge of dimples appear fine grains, the occurrence of a fracture. Magnesium alloy at high temperature phase of the basic fracture along fracture, with the strain rate increased, the fracture mode transformed to the ductile fracture trend. AZ31 magnesium alloy in the plastic deformation occurred during the dynamic recrystallization and grain growth.
你好，纯手工翻译，非机器软件，语句正确通顺，保证质量，非中国式英语。具体的术语和学术表达方式我自己查证了，你仔细读读，如有疑问可交流。Research on Accordion Development in View of Changes in Pieces in Three Sets of Textbooks for Grading Test标题注释：你的标题翻译成英语会很长，处于简洁的考虑，手风琴的发展用Accordion Development，省去一个of，曲目这里指的应该是乐曲的选择而非节目单，所以可以用musical compostions或者musical selections，这里处于简洁的考虑用了pieces表示乐曲。教材可以用materials或textbooks，音乐方面的考级一般叫 Grading Test题目：从三套考级教材曲目的变更看手风琴之发展本文以三套手风琴教材为研究对象，首先介绍三套手风琴教材的简介，其次从三套教材产生的时代背景、创作体裁、选曲范围等几个方面进行比较分析，其中主要对第三套手风琴教材进行了比较详细的介绍，从而更详细的了解近几年中国手风琴事业的发展，对已有的研究成果进行必要的补充和完善。 Abstract: As the thread of composition is being broadened; there are quite a few expansions in the choice of subject, application of musical form and creation in techniques. Much effort has been pledged into prolonging the lifeline of excellent works through endeavour in enhancing the techniques of composition and the depths in theory. With the combination of new compotion techniques, derived from the development in modern music, with traditional and modern Chinese culture, and the synchornization of modern consciousness with national style, Chinese works has thus shown new features of modern China and the standards of accordion compostion art in China has been risen to a new climax.注释，创作思路英语其实有个很好的表述就是 thread.这一段中文语句很复杂，需要翻译时候进行相应的逻辑梳理和转化，你看一下是否符合你的表述，具体有一些特定用语的翻译，不一而足。这里说明一点就是艺术境界，可以用state of art，但如果前面有提升，就跟state不搭配，用rise the standards of art 更合适。摘要内容：随着手风琴的创作思路越来越宽，在题材的选择、体裁的运用和技法的创新等诸多方面都有所拓展，通过努力提高创作技法和理论深度，延长了出现优秀作品的生命线，用现代音乐发展的创作技法与中国传统文化、现代文化紧密结合，把现代意识与民族风格交织在一起，使中国的手风琴作品体现中国新时代的特色，将中国手风琴创作的艺术境界推向新高峰。This paper, regarding to the three teaching materials of accordion, makes a brief introduction of them before a comparative analyse in their respective background, writing genre, and range of selections, especilly emphasizing on the details of the third set, so as to comprehend the development of accordion in recent China, and to provide necessary supplement and perfection to the existing literature。注释：这一段内容相对比较简单，具体的术语有疑问可以交流。研究成果其实学术英语中比较专业的说法是literature，即已有的文献理论之意。 本文以三套手风琴教材为研究对象，首先介绍三套手风琴教材的简介，其次从三套教材产生的时代背景、创作体裁、选曲范围等几个方面进行比较分析，其中主要对第三套手风琴教材进行了比较详细的介绍，从而更详细的了解近几年中国手风琴事业的发展，对已有的研究成果进行必要的补充和完善。
题目：从三套考级教材曲目的变更看手风琴之发展Title: Tracking Three Grading Text Materials Change to see the Development of The Accordion.摘要内容：随着手风琴的创作思路越来越宽，在题材的选择、体裁的运用和技法的创新等诸多方面都有所拓展.通过努力提高创作技法和理论深度，延长了出现优秀作品的生命线，用现代音乐发展的创作技法与中国传统文化、现代文化紧密结合，把现代意识与民族风格交织在一起，使中国的手风琴作品体现中国新时代的特色，将中国手风琴创作的艺术境界推向新高峰。Abstract: as creative path of accordion is expanding, we have some extraordinary breakthroughs in the selection of subject matter, the usage of species, and innovation technique. The author tries to describe the ongoing situation of China accordion works that reflect the identity of modern China and help the creation of China accordion to a new height. These methods are required: improving writing skills and theoretical depth of accordion, combining writing skills with Chinese national culture and modern culture, as well as combing modern thinking with national styles.本文以三套手风琴教材为研究对象，首先介绍三套手风琴教材的简介，其次从三套教材产生的时代背景、创作体裁、选曲范围等几个方面进行比较分析，其中主要对第三套手风琴教材进行了比较详细的介绍，从而更详细的了解近几年中国手风琴事业的发展，对已有的研究成果进行必要的补充和完善。Put three training materials as investigating subject, the author firstly describes the training materials, then comparative analysis the background, writing literatures, tune-selecting range of three materials. The third training material will be in the core of introduction. With these, we will make exact understanding on the development of Chinese accordion industry in recent years and offer essential supplementary to existing research findings. 一楼的哥们，直接把中文粘到灵格斯里，翻译完后直接弄出来？呵呵，有才！
通常来说现在的论文摘要翻译要注意的是有关时态基本上有两种:一般现在时、一般过去时。由于学术论文写作通常采用一般现在时,摘要也多用一般现在时。目的、方法、结果及结论部分多用一般现在时,背景介绍常采用一般过去时。一般现在时用于描述研究目的和范围、研究内容、结果和结论;一般过去时用于描述论文撰写前作者已做的工作,也可用于表示转述已发表文献的报导、讨论和研究内容。具体的细节信息，你可以来58期刊网看看。
rozy and rare treasures are often breeded in an unusual enviornmenta brief of ceramic art of Mr Qiu Huan-tangsummary:This article briefly traced the life of Mr Qiu Huan-tang, the TaiWan modern ceramic master, from his learning and practising of ceramics to his mastery and creation. It also expresses his ideas and philosophies of artistic creativity by reviewing some of his masterpieces. Mr Qiu Huan-tang's artworks and influence have met with a wide-spread assurance,thus,the framework of Taiwan's ceramic and its vast-number of elites could be seen through his words: Mr Qiu Huan-tang,glazed color,forming,creativity,a mordern mind