发布时间：
In this paper, ordinary differential equations courses, to explore how to realize "high-early binding", and mathematics in secondary schools in the basis of ordinary differential equations, as well as ordinary differential equations of the guiding role of mathematics in secondary schools to do some discussion, for systems of ordinary differential equations of high under the mathematical point of view to provide some secondary words, Ordinary Differential Equations; School Mathematics; combination of high early
论文摘要是对论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述，要求扼要地说明研究工作的目的、研究方法和最终结论等，重点是结论，是一篇具有独立性和完整性的短文，根据内容的不同，摘要可分为以下三大类：报道性摘要、指示性摘要和报道指示性摘要。
中文名
论文摘要
外文名
abstract
字 数
一般为正文字数10%左右
语 言
一般中文与英文并存
主要组成
目的 方法 结果 结论
论文用到的专业性词汇比较多，很多时候在写英文的时候可能会感到困难，我用过的是这个，你看一下吧。
第一步，在首页三大板块中点击【文档翻译】。
第二步，点击【选择文件】，从电脑中选中文件（注意这篇文档里只放论文摘要部分），点击【打开】。
第三步，文件上传之后，看到翻译语种选择，设置为【简体中文】转换【英语】，点击右下角【立即翻译】。
第四步，等到翻译完成，屏幕上会跳出温馨提示，点击【查看文件】，就能找到保存在电脑上已经翻译成英文的论文摘要了。
我在学姐的推荐下找到了翻译狗，他最大的优点就是PDF可以直接进行翻译，而且翻译出来的排版和原来的英文排版一致，无需排版方便校对，缺点就是大量翻译要收费，而且语法会有一些问题，后期需要修改，也可以直接找北京译顶科技翻译，人工肯定是比机翻好。
论文摘要的翻译可以用谷歌翻译、有道翻译、搜狗翻译、翻译君、翻译狗、福昕翻译等等，一定要综合对比。
有条件的话还是找人工翻译吧，不然就多找几款软件，然后对比一下翻译的结果，逐句的看哪些重合度高，基本上这就是准确的翻译结果了。
摘要是科技学术论文的重要组成部分，是对原文献内容准确、扼要而不附加解释或评论的简略表述，属于信息型文本，主要功能是交流信息。学术论文摘要的译文，必须符合目标受众的表达习惯，使译文便于理解并接受，并在目标受众的文化以及交际环境中有意义。中英文摘要都应该含意清楚、结构简明、表达确切。
总之，学术论文摘要作为信息来源，是论文学术质量的反映，成为介绍或了解国内外学术成就非常有效的途径。学术论文摘要的翻译应遵循目的法则、连贯法则和忠实法则，应按照英文摘要的普遍标准和特征来进行翻译。
很多翻译软件都是直译，都达不到论文发表的要求，建议还是找一家专业的翻译机构，让专业的人员来翻译。这里推荐国际科学编辑，公司所有的科学编辑都具有博士学历，拥有丰富的科学研究经验及优秀的英语语言技能。
The teaching video recording's later period manufacture is unifies the operating system high-quality goods curriculum website the construction, carries on processing to the high-quality goods curriculum website's teaching video recording using the video frequency edition software. Realizes the video frequency later period edition manufacture. And may simultaneously carry on the teaching video frequency in the browsing operating system high-quality goods curriculum website the selection and broadcast and the onlooking. the video processing technology simply speaking may divide into the video frequency editing, the film title tail leader manufacture, audio frequency processing, the captions increase and so on. Also has a more complex operation in the broadcast level's film and television work. the use met the sound to meet the shade this section of video frequency edition software to carry on the following processing to the teaching video recording: Editing primitive video frequency document, rejection useless video information; After the editing obtains video frequency document increase film title, redeployment, special effect as well as captions and audio frequency and so on transition processing; Video frequency document format transformation and so on. after the processing video frequency document must in the homepage the normal broadcast, must use the network video frequency to broadcast the technology. Along with the computer information technology's development, the network video frequency broadcast technology is day by day mature. Has provided the very good technical environment for the teaching video frequency's online broadcast. the video frequency online broadcast may satisfy the student to study independently or the review request. The teaching video frequency's application played the positive promoter action to the modern teaching.
With the era of evolution and the progress of science and technology,Internet technologies are increasingly developed. Internet is gradually created a virtual reality world similar world, Realities attendant social conflicts and disputes also extended to the network society, Adjustments in its legal reality encountered obstacles, How to coordinate these disputes and conflicts, the correct application of laws and regulations, Become a focus of attention in contemporary society. Accompanied by an increasingly prosperous network life ,Network copyright infringement issues,Growing network of community, law experts and the community concern. The network determines the identity of the hidden nature of the strong network copyright infringement, harm large, And network with copyright infringement and network technology, network features are closely linked. How to regulate the behaviour of network protection against copyright legitimate interests of copyright holders and without curb network development ,This research is the , The ban related to the integration of network technology and copyright law, copyright network knowledge network service providers to explore the legal responsibility.
Abstract Teaching video post-production with the operating system is fine course of the construction site, the site of the fine courses in the use of video teaching video editing software for processing. Video post-production editing. Boutique in the browser and operating system at the same time teaching courses website video on demand and watch. Video processing technology simple stresses can be divided into video clips, trailers, production titles, audio processing, such as adding subtitles. Television broadcast in the works are more complex operation. Huishengkuaiying The use of video editing software for video on teaching the following address: the original video clip, remove unwanted video information to get through the video clips add titles, transitions, transition effects and titles, and Audio processing; video file format conversion. The treated the video files to the page in normal play, it is necessary to use network video technology. With the development of computer information technology, network video technology matures. Teaching for the online video player provided a good technical environment. Video broadcast online or self-study to meet the students to review the request. Video teaching the application of modern teaching has played a positive role in promoting. Key words: video processing, network video, play online
礼仪论文的写作格式、流程与写作技巧 广义来说，凡属论述科学技术内容的作品，都称作科学著述，如原始论著（论文）、简报、综合报告、进展报告、文献综述、述评、专著、汇编、教科书和科普读物等。但其中只有原始论著及其简报是原始的、主要的、第一性的、涉及到创造发明等知识产权的。其它的当然也很重要，但都是加工的、发展的、为特定应用目的和对象而撰写的。下面仅就论文的撰写谈一些体会。在讨论论文写作时也不准备谈有关稿件撰写的各种规定及细则。主要谈的是论文写作中容易发生的问题和经验，是论文写作道德和书写内容的规范问题。论文写作的要求下面按论文的结构顺序依次叙述。(一)论文——题目科学论文都有题目，不能“无题”。论文题目一般20字左右。题目大小应与内容符合，尽量不设副题，不用第1报、第2报之类。论文题目都用直叙口气，不用惊叹号或问号，也不能将科学论文题目写成广告语或新闻报道用语。(二)论文——署名科学论文应该署真名和真实的工作单位。主要体现责任、成果归属并便于后人追踪研究。严格意义上的论文作者是指对选题、论证、查阅文献、方案设计、建立方法、实验操作、整理资料、归纳总结、撰写成文等全过程负责的人，应该是能解答论文的有关问题者。现在往往把参加工作的人全部列上，那就应该以贡献大小依次排列。论文署名应征得本人同意。学术指导人根据实际情况既可以列为论文作者，也可以一般致谢。行政领导人一般不署名。(三)论文——引言 是论文引人入胜之言，很重要，要写好。一段好的论文引言常能使读者明白你这份工作的发展历程和在这一研究方向中的位置。要写出论文立题依据、基础、背景、研究目的。要复习必要的文献、写明问题的发展。文字要简练。(四)论文——材料和方法 按规定如实写出实验对象、器材、动物和试剂及其规格，写出实验方法、指标、判断标准等，写出实验设计、分组、统计方法等。这些按杂志 对论文投稿规定办即可。(五)论文——实验结果 应高度归纳，精心分析，合乎逻辑地铺述。应该去粗取精，去伪存真，但不能因不符合自己的意图而主观取舍，更不能弄虚作假。只有在技术不熟练或仪器不稳定时期所得的数据、在技术故障或操作错误时所得的数据和不符合实验条件时所得的数据才能废弃不用。而且必须在发现问题当时就在原始记录上注明原因，不能在总结处理时因不合常态而任意剔除。废弃这类数据时应将在同样条件下、同一时期的实验数据一并废弃，不能只废弃不合己意者。实验结果的整理应紧扣主题，删繁就简，有些数据不一定适合于这一篇论文，可留作它用，不要硬行拼凑到一篇论文中。论文行文应尽量采用专业术语。能用表的不要用图，可以不用图表的最好不要用图表，以免多占篇幅，增加排版困难。文、表、图互不重复。实验中的偶然现象和意外变故等特殊情况应作必要的交代，不要随意丢弃。(六)论文——讨论 是论文中比较重要，也是比较难写的一部分。应统观全局，抓住主要的有争议问题，从感性认识提高到理性认识进行论说。要对实验结果作出分析、推理，而不要重复叙述实验结果。应着重对国内外相关文献中的结果与观点作出讨论，表明自己的观点，尤其不应回避相对立的观点。 论文的讨论中可以提出假设，提出本题的发展设想，但分寸应该恰当，不能写成“科幻”或“畅想”。(七)论文——结语或结论 论文的结语应写出明确可靠的结果，写出确凿的结论。论文的文字应简洁，可逐条写出。不要用“小结”之类含糊其辞的词。(八)论文——参考义献 这是论文中很重要、也是存在问题较多的一部分。列出论文参考文献的目的是让读者了解论文研究命题的来龙去脉，便于查找，同时也是尊重前人劳动，对自己的工作有准确的定位。因此这里既有技术问题，也有科学道德问题。一篇论文中几乎自始至终都有需要引用参考文献之处。如论文引言中应引上对本题最重要、最直接有关的文献;在方法中应引上所采用或借鉴的方法；在结果中有时要引上与文献对比的资料；在讨论中更应引上与 论文有关的各种支持的或有矛盾的结果或观点等。一切粗心大意，不查文献；故意不引，自鸣创新；贬低别人，抬高自己；避重就轻，故作姿态的做法都是错误的。而这种现象现在在很多论文中还是时有所见的，这应该看成是利研工作者的大忌。其中，不查文献、漏掉重要文献、故意不引别人文献或有意贬损别人工作等错误是比较明显、容易发现的。有些做法则比较隐蔽，如将该引在引言中的，把它引到讨论中。这就将原本是你论文的基础或先导，放到和你论文平起平坐的位置。又如 科研工作总是逐渐深人发展的，你的工作总是在前人工作基石出上发展起来做成的。正确的写法应是，某年某人对本题做出了什么结果，某年某人在这基础上又做出了什么结果，现在我在他们基础上完成了这一研究。这是实事求是的态度，这样表述丝毫无损于你的贡献。有些论文作者却不这样表述，而是说，某年某人做过本题没有做成，某年某人又做过本题仍没有做成，现在我做成了。这就不是实事求是的态度。这样有时可以糊弄一些不明真相的外行人，但只需内行人一戳，纸老虎就破，结果弄巧成拙，丧失信誉。这种现象在现实生活中还是不少见的。(九)论文——致谢 论文的指导者、技术协助者、提供特殊试剂或器材者、经费资助者和提出过重要建议者都属于致谢对象。论文致谢应该是真诚的、实在的，不要庸俗化。不要泛泛地致谢、不要只谢教授不谢旁人。写论文致谢前应征得被致谢者的同意，不能拉大旗作虎皮。(十)论文——摘要或提要：以200字左右简要地概括论文全文。常放篇首。论文摘要需精心撰写，有吸引力。要让读者看了论文摘要就像看到了论文的缩影，或者看了论文摘要就想继续看论文的有关部分。此外，还应给出几个关键词，关键词应写出真正关键的学术词汇，不要硬凑一般性用词。
在涉外商务中， 商务礼仪 起着重要的润滑和促进作用。要卓有成效地开展涉外商务活动，必须掌握涉外 礼仪知识 ，遵循礼仪规范，注重规避不合礼仪的言行。下面是我为大家推荐的商务礼仪论文，供大家参考。
摘要
商务礼仪，就是公司或企业的商务人员在商务活动中，为了塑造个人和组织的良好形象而应当遵循的对交往对象表示尊敬与友好的规范或程序，是一般礼仪在商务活动中的运用和体现。本文对商务礼仪的定义、重要性、核心原则和一般商务礼仪等方面的内容进行了探究，让人们学习，了解更多的商务礼仪知识。
一 引言
随着中国经济的不断发展，中国与世界的关系越来越密切，交往也更趋频繁。国内企业界与商家面临着大量涌入的跨国公司的激烈竞争。走 出国 门，让世界人民更多地了解本企业形象，让本企业的品牌立于不败之地，是全企业界与商家的愿望。而要同世界打交道，必须具备跨 文化 交际能力。也就是要在这过程中适当地运用商务礼仪。
礼出于俗，俗化为礼。在商务交往中做到“约束自己，尊重他人”才能使人们更轻松愉快地交往。“为他人着想”不仅是商务交往、也是人与人之间正常交往的基本原则。所以说学习并正确的运用商务礼仪既是一个人内在修养和素质的外在表现，又是 人际交往 中适用的一种艺术，一种交际方式或交际 方法 ，是人际交往中约定俗成的示人以尊重、友好的习惯做法。在人际交往中进行相互沟通就一定要掌握商务礼仪的技巧。从个人的角度来看，掌握一定的商务礼仪有助于提高人们的自身修养、美化自身、美化生活。并能很有效的促进的社会交往，改善人际关系，还有助于净化社会风气。从企业的角度来说，掌握一定的商务礼仪不仅可以塑造企业形象，提高顾客满意度和美誉度，并能最终达到提升企业的经济效益和社会效益的目的。
二 商务礼仪的定义
古代礼仪定义
中国古代有“五礼”之说，祭祀之事为吉礼，冠婚之事为嘉礼，宾客之事为宾礼，军旅之事为军礼，丧葬之事为凶礼。民俗界认为礼仪包括生、冠、婚、丧四种人生礼仪。实际上礼仪可分为政治与生活两大部类。
一是由官方专门规定并要求人们遵守执行的涉及政治、经济、文化、军事等制度在内的典章制度。政治类包括祭天、祭地、宗庙之祭，祭先师先圣、尊师乡饮酒礼、相见礼、军礼等。
二是社会公众在长期的社会交往过程中自发形成的做人的道德、行为准则以及各种正式的礼仪。 生活类 礼仪的起源，按荀子的说法有“三本”即“天地生之本”，“先祖者类之本”，“君师者治之本”。在礼仪中，丧礼的产生最早。丧礼于死者是安抚其鬼魂，于生者则成为分长幼尊卑、尽孝正人伦的礼仪。
现代礼仪
根据礼仪的发展规律及其本身的作用，礼仪成为人类在社会人际交往、沟通中约定俗成的律己、敬人的一种行为规范与准则。
从道德的角度来看，礼仪可以被界定为为人处世的行为规范。从传播学的角度来看，礼仪是一种在人际交往中进行相互沟通的技巧。从审美学的角度来看，礼仪是一种形式美。它是人的心灵美的必然外化。
礼仪与礼貌、礼节、仪式，仪表
1 礼貌 一般是指在人际交往中通过语言、动作向交往对象表示谦虚和恭敬的行为规范。
2 礼节 通常是指人们在交际场合，相互表示尊重、友好的管用形式。
3 仪式 仪式是交际活动中按礼宾要求，围绕一定主题，按照某种特定的程序进行的集体性的礼仪过程。
4 仪表 仪表是礼仪在个人外在形象方面的体现，包括容貌、服饰、姿态、表情、谈吐等方面。
三 学习商务礼仪的意义
“做人先学礼”，礼仪 教育 是人生的第一课。礼仪必须通过学习、培养和训练，才能成为人们的行为习惯。每一位社会成员都有义务和责任，通过学习礼仪
、传承礼仪，自然而然地成为这个民族和团体的一员。个人 文明礼仪 一旦养成，必然会在社会生活中发挥重要的作用。
对个人，不学礼，无以立。学礼仪可以使个人的言行在社会活动中与其身份、地位、社会角色相适应。礼仪还是衡量个人道德水准高低和有无教养的尺度。 对企业，可以塑造企业形象，传播沟通信息，由可以提高办事效率。
四 商务礼仪的核心和原则
核心
礼仪的核心是尊重为本。尊重二字，是礼仪之本，也是待人接物的根基。 首先是自尊为本，自尊自爱，爱护自己的形象。其次要尊重自己的职业。闻道有先后，术业有专攻。第三要尊重自己的公司。尊重他人的三原则：接受对方，不要难为对方，不要让对方难堪，客人永远是对的。重视对方，欣赏对方，多看对方的优点，不当众指正缺点。赞美对方。懂得欣赏别人的人实际是在欣赏自己，是自信的表现。
原则
尊重宽容
尊敬是礼仪的情感基础。在我们的社会中，人与人是平等的，尊重长辈，关心客户，这不但不是自我卑下的行为，反而是一种仪，说明一个人具有良好的个人内的素质。“敬人者恒敬之，爱人者恒爱之”，“人敬我一尺，我敬人一丈”。“礼”的良性循环就是借助这样的机制而得以生生不已。当然，礼貌待人也是一种自重，不应以伪善取悦于人，更不可以富贵娇人。尊敬人还要做到入乡随俗， 尊重他人的喜好与禁忌。总之，对人尊敬和友善，这是处理人际关系的一项重要原则。
宽即宽待，容即相容，宽容，就是心胸坦荡、豁达大度，能设身处地为他人着想，谅解他人的过失，不计较个人的得失，有很强的容纳意识和自控能力。中 国 传统文化 历来重视并提倡宽容的道德原则，并把宽以待人视为一种为人处世的基本美德。从事商务活动，也要求宽以待人，在人际纷争问题上保持豁达大度的 品格或态度。在商务活动中，出于各自的立场和利益，难免出现冲突和误解。遵循宽容的原则，凡事想开一点，眼光看远一点，善解人意、体谅别人，才能正确对待和处理好各种关系与纷争，争取到更长远的利益。
真诚谦虚
商务人员的礼仪主要是为了树立良好的个人和组织形象，所以礼仪对于商务活动的目的来说，不仅仅在于其形式和手段上的意义。同时商务活动的从事并非短期行为，从事商务，讲究礼仪，越来越注重其长远利益，只有恪守真诚原则， 着眼与将来，通过长期潜移默化的影响，才能获得最终的利益。也就是说商务人 员与企业要爱惜其形象与声誉，就不应仅追求礼仪外在形式的完美，更应将其视 为商务人员情感的真诚流露与表现。
谦和既是一种美德，更是社交成功的重要条件。谦和，在社交场上即表现为平易近人、热情大方、善于与人相处、乐于听取他人的意见，显示出虚怀若谷的胸襟，因为对周围的人具有很强的吸引力，有着较强的调整人际关系的能力。我们此处强调的谦和并不是指过分的谦和、无原则的妥协和退让，更不是妄自菲薄。应当认识到过分的谦虚其实是社交的障碍，尤其是在和西方人的商务交往中，不自信的表现会让对方怀疑你的能力。
不卑不亢
人际交往中要注意各种不同情况下的社交距离，也就是要善于把握住沟通时 的感情尺度。古话说：“君子之交淡如水，小人之交甘如醴。”此话不无道理。在人际交往中，沟通和理解是建立良好的人际关系的重要条件，但如果不善于把握沟通时的感情尺度，即人际交往缺乏适度的距离，结果会适得其反。例如在一般交往中，既要彬彬有理，又不能低三下四;即要热情大方，又不能轻浮谄谀。所谓适度，就是要注意感情适度、谈吐适度、举止适度。只有这样才能真正赢得对方的尊重，达到沟通的目的。
在具体运用商务礼仪时，允许因人而异，根据不同的交往对象，采取不同具体方法。但是，与此同时必须强调指出：在商务礼仪的核心点，即尊重交往对象、
以礼相待这一点上，对任何交往对象都必须一视同仁，给予同等程度的礼遇。不允许因交往对象彼此之间在年龄、性别、种族、文化、职业、身份、地位、财富以及与自己关系亲疏远近等方面有所不同，而厚此薄彼，区别对待，给予不通待遇。这便是商务礼仪中平等原则的基本要求。
五 一般商务礼仪
商务活动中的一般礼仪，主要内容是遵循日常生活中的礼仪原则。它包含双重含义：一是指己方对对方表示的礼貌、客气等姿态，二是指己方对对方礼仪与习俗的答谢与尊重。
根据礼仪的适用范围分类礼仪分为政务礼仪、商务礼仪、服务礼仪、社交礼仪、国际礼仪等。根据礼仪的操作主体不同分类礼仪分为公关礼仪、秘书礼仪、护士礼仪、交警礼仪、教师礼仪、学生礼仪等。根据礼仪的表达方式分类礼仪分为仪表礼仪、言语礼仪、服饰礼仪、行为礼仪。
仪表礼仪
会见前要做的准备工作包括对时间、地点的选择，对会见的主题、内容、议程的准备，要制定好会见计划和目标。先介绍位卑者给位尊者：年轻的给年长的自己公司的同事给别家公司的同事低级主管给高级主管公司同事给客户非官方人事给官方人士本国同事给外国同事。
宴请时组织工作：(1)确定宴请目的、名义、对象、范围与形式(2)确定宴请的时间、地点(3)发出邀请(4)订菜(5)席位安排(6)现场布置(7)餐具的准备(8)宴请程序及现场工作(9)工作人员应注意事项。
言语礼仪
谈话时目光注视对方是一种起码的礼貌，交谈时要专心致志不要随便打断对方的谈话，交谈时双方发言都要掌握各自所占有的时间，不能出现一方独霸的局面 ，切忌只谈个别人知道或感兴趣的事，或只与个别人交谈而冷落其他人，要注意能够让对方感受到你对谈话的态度，交谈的话题与内容的要求，交谈过程中还要注意说话应留有余地。
服饰礼仪
春秋装
中青年男装
中青年男性参加商务谈判时，一般穿着西装、中山装或夹克衫
中老年男装
中老年男性应穿着西装或中山装。
中青年女装
中青年女性作为谈判代表参加商务活动时，可以选择西装、毛衣外套、西装套裙、旗袍等服装。
中老年女装
西装或西装套裙是中老年女性常见的服饰。
夏装
中青年男装
中青年男性夏季参加商务活动，可以穿着衬衫长裤或单西装，在隆重场合应穿单西装，打领带或穿短袖衬衫扎在长裤内，打领带。颜色以浅色、单色为主，可以带浅色花格或浅色条纹。
中老年男装
中老年男性夏季参加商务活动，穿着长、短袖衬衫配长裤或单西装，衬衫通常扎在长裤内，打领带。
在隆重场合应穿单西装，打领带。颜色以浅灰、淡蓝、米黄为宜。 中青年女装
中青年女性夏季参加商务谈判，可以穿着长、短袖衬衫配长裤或裙子，也可
以穿着连衣裙、旗袍或西装套裙，在重要场合多选择西装套裙。
中老年女装
中老年女性夏季参加商务谈判，可以穿着长、短袖衬衫配长裤或裙子，但多选择西装套裙。
行为礼仪
国外送礼约定俗成的规则有：①西方社会较为重视礼物的意义和感情价值，送礼花费不大，礼品不必太贵重。②外国人在送礼及收礼时，都很少有谦卑之词。③当接受宾朋的礼品时，绝大多数国家的人是用双手接过礼品，并向对方致谢。④外国人送礼十分讲究外包装精美。⑤送礼一定要公开大方。 ⑥拒绝收礼一般是不允许的。
握手时应该先脱掉手套，摘下帽子。握手要掌握时间，一般来说时间约为5秒，若小于5秒显得仓促，如果握得太久，显得过于热情，尤其是男人握着女人的手，握得太久，容易引起对方的防范之心。掌握用力程度：过轻过重都不好，力量适度的握手会使对方感到温和可亲。男性与女性握手，往往只握一下女性的手指即可。掌握握手姿势注意握手顺序：在上下级之间，上级伸手后，下级才能伸手;在男女之间，女人伸手后，男人才能伸 手相 握;在主人与客人 之间，主人应先伸手，客人再伸手相握。有多人握手时应注意不能相互交叉，应该等别人握完后再伸手。
打电话时要有准备。注意打电话的时间，尤其避免在午休时间或下班时间打 微笑的语调，声音清晰有礼貌，问候。不要急于在电话中承诺事情或是做决定 讲电话同时在纸上作记录。同事电话中时，若其他人在附近喧哗交谈，易导致客户对公司的印象不良，此时若有急事须与同事交谈，应使用书面方式。
六 结论
从古至今，我国的礼仪规范就是中华特有文明的象征，是中华民族美德的体现。礼仪，作为一种传统美德，具有历史的传承性，具有不衰的生命力。商务礼仪在中国也是日益重要。在跨国经营的过程中，谁能入乡随俗或者说尊重对方的礼仪，
谁就能生存得更好。中国经济发展迅速，奇特数量成倍增长，第三产业蓬勃兴旺， 商务活动日益频繁，人们在商务活动中也需要学习，遵守一些现代商务礼仪规范，熟悉中国商务礼仪，了解世界其他国家的礼仪和禁忌。而作为商人，在与国外商务伙伴初次接触前应尽可能多地了解对方文化中的商务礼仪，及时调整自己的礼仪行为，创造一个轻松愉快的商务环境。
[摘 要]如今, 毕业 生求职的高潮又席卷而来, 良好的个人修养和富于个性的审美趣味对于一名大学毕业生求职 面试 来说至关重要, 因此这就需要每一位大学毕业生必须学习正确的职业礼仪，具备良好的职业素养，以为这是求职面试成功的第一步。
[关键词]大学毕业生 面试 服饰
1.案例
一家合资饭店招聘各类服务人员350名，700多名应届往届毕业生怀着对这家企业的向往，很早就排起“长龙”等候应聘。7点30分，第一次目测在众多人的期待中开始了，一位应聘的女大学生，环佩叮当，浓妆艳抹，昂然来到目测人面前，话不过三句，目测人眉心轻皱，却彬彬有礼，连声说谢谢!女大学生心下明白，这就是被淘汰了??
一位20出头的男大学生，气宇轩昂，据说会两门外语，目测人以礼相待，连声“请坐”这位男大学生如入无人之境，屁股落座，二郎腿一翘，浑身悠然自得地颠起来，??这天，700多应聘者，近目测这一关，就被“刷掉”80%。当这些被视为“生活小节”的行为作为饭店招聘硬性条件的时候，人们不大不小地震动一下，尤其是哪些自视才大志高的应聘者更是没有想到，还没到大江大河中去施展才华呢，就在这小水沟里翻了船。由此我们可以看出，应聘礼仪在一个人的求职过程中起着很重要的作用。
求职者的形象给面试官的好坏，关系到能否顺利踏入社会，找到一份合适满意的工作。为此，毕业生在面试前对个人形象进行设计是必要的。但是，并非所有的“包装”都能奏效，有时还会适得其反，那么，在面试的礼仪和形象设计上应该注意大学生求职礼仪哪些问题呢?下面我就关于面试中的服饰打扮，以及面试中的基本礼仪进行些 总结 .
2服饰与打扮
一个人与他人交往的第一印象很重要，外表是人们踏上社会的第一张名片。毕业生在应聘时，首先要注意自己的衣着和打扮。
许多人认为难得有一次面试的机会，一定要大出风头，于是买了许多时髦、前卫的服装。这是一个极大的误区。一般正规的企业都很欣赏传统、保守的正装，所以，服装不一定要穿名牌，庄重、得体就好。有的人则不太注重服装，穿着过于随便。也会使招聘人员对你的印象大打折扣。求职时的服饰打扮应该注意稳重、正式，一般来说，套装较为普遍适宜。而且一定要整洁干净，注意尺码一定要合身，大一码或小一码都会影响穿着效果。衣服的颜色宜选择皮肤的中性色，注重现代感，把握积极的方向。头发要梳理整齐，不要乱蓬蓬或粘糊糊。穿深色衣服时最好事先拍拍两肩。以免头皮屑掉在上面，头发要擦亮。
另外，不可忽视不同职位对穿着的不同要求，例如应聘公关职位就要适当地注意时尚，而应聘文秘、财会职位就应与时尚拉开适当的距离。
3. 面试过程的礼仪
毕业生在面试过程中表现出的礼仪水平，反映出你的人品、修养等个人形象，因此，面试过程请务必注意以下几点：
准时赴约。
一般来讲，比原订时间早5-10分钟到达面试地点较好，切不可让招聘人员等候。
入座礼仪。
进入主考官的办公室，一定要敲门而入，等到主考官示意坐下再就座。如果没有指定的座位，可选择主考官对面的位子坐下。另外，注意坐姿的优美与精神。坐椅子时，最好只坐2/3，两腿并拢，身体可稍稍前倾。
自我介绍 的分寸。
当主考官要求你做自我介绍时，不要象背书似的把简历上的一套再说一遍，那样只会令主考官觉得乏味。用舒缓的语气将简历中的重点类容稍加说明就可以了，如姓名、毕业学校、专业、特长等。如主考官想深入了解某一方面时，你再作介绍。
行为举止。求职者在面试时要注意自己的行为举止：
注意站正坐直，不要弯腰低头。
双手放在适当的位置，并要安稳，不要做些玩弄领带、掏耳朵、挖鼻孔、抚弄头发、掰关节、玩弄招聘者递过来的名片等多余的动作。
禁止腿神经质般的不住晃动、翘起等。
自己随身带着公文包或皮包，也不要挂在椅子背上，可以把它放进自己坐的椅子旁边或背后。
询问与应答的礼仪。
保持积极自信的心态，是面试中智慧语言不断迸发的前提。面谈时，讲话要充满自信。回答问题时尽量详细，要按招聘人员的话题进行交谈。有的主考官会故意提问一些令你感到受冒犯的问题，用来试探一下你如何对待，考查你的修养和应对多变的能力。你一定要冷静，不能意气用事。拒绝回答是可以的，但口气和态度一定要婉转、温和。
及时告辞。
有些接见者以起身表示面谈的结束，另一些人则用“同你谈话我感到很愉快”这样的辞令来结束谈话。对此，我们的毕业生要十分敏锐，及时起身告辞。告辞时应同接见者握手，还要将椅子放回原位，然后面带微笑地向主考官致谢。
4.总结
著名的心理学家、教育家卡耐基说过,人的成功取决于15%的才能和85%的人际关系。礼仪正是人际关系交往中不可缺少的联系纽带。求职对个人来说是一次非常重要的经历和机会,在求职过程中注意自己的行为举止,以表现出自己良好的专业知识和修养,从而获得成功的第一步。因为现在的用人单位除了看你是否具备相当的专业知识和潜力之外,还要看你在别人面前的 言行举止 如何,是否是现代企业所需要的人才,也就是其是否具有良好的综合素质。掌握良好的求职技巧,适当的公关礼仪必定会为面试争取更多成功的机会。我很庆幸在大三最后一次选修课的时候选择了商务礼仪这门课，我想它将对我今后的工作生活都会受益匪浅的!
参考文献：
《现代商务礼仪》对外经济贸易大学出版社 《商务礼仪》高等教育出版社
《面试礼仪》
礼貌原则是人类行为的基本原则之一,是人类交际的一个重要特点。下面是我为大家整理的礼貌原则 议论文 ，供大家参考。
礼貌原则议论文 范文 一：浅论撰写商务信函的礼貌原则
摘要： 礼貌是人类文明的标志，是国际商务信函中不可忽视的语用原则。商务信函中的礼仪不仅有助于提高工作场所的生活质量，形成最佳职员道德，树立公司形象，而且对创造利润起着重要作用。尤其在当前国际贸易越来越激烈的情况下，懂得国际 商务礼仪 越来越重要。为了实现达成商务合作的目的，需要遵循礼貌原则，使之语气委婉，措辞得当有助于双方在平等互利的基础上建立贸易关系。然而不同 文化 中的不同礼貌原则是商务信函中做好生意不可缺少的注意事项。
关键词：商务信函;礼貌原则; 文化差异
Abstract: Courtesy is the symbol of human civilization，and this is pragmatic principle which has to be followed in international commercial correspondence. Business etiquette is based on the theory that good manners are cost-effective because they not only increase the quality of life in the workplace, contribute to optimum employee moral, and embellish the company image, but they also play a major role in generating profit. An atmosphere in which people treat each other with consideration is obviously one in which a customer enjoys doing business. Also ,most importantly, a company with a well-mannered high-class reputation attracts—and keeps—good people. In order to be contribute to establish relations with two sides on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, It must follow the politeness principle ,tone and phrase your comments tactfully. Yet , different politeness principles in different cultures are indespensible for conducting successful in commercial correspondence.
Key words：Business letter; politeness principle;culture difference
一、引言
21世纪是经济日益全球化的世纪，中国与世界各国间的贸易往来愈加频繁，国际贸易事业发展迅猛。但随着科学技术的发展，商务信函在中外企业的沟通中发挥着重要的作用，它比口头交际更准确、更有说服力、更经济、更有效率(发送信息给更多的人)，也更正式。“一封好的商务信函，可以带来截然不同的效果，使你所要表达的意思焕然一新，给对方深刻的印象，是您的职业道路畅通。一封彬彬有礼的商务信函能够直接影响贸易双方关系，能帮助企业树立职业道德形象，能促进贸易双方合作进程。通常，商务信函撰写适合采用简单易懂的词汇。不同文化背景的人进行交际的过程是跨文化交际。不同的民族有着不同的历史背景、风俗习惯、风土人情和文化传统，因此，在书写国际商务信函时必须了解本国与异国的民族文化差异，并设法使这些差异在书写过程中消失，同时在目标与中找到准确的词语。
二、商务信函中的写作原则
商务英语 信函作为国际国际沟通的重要方式，在写作时务必要精心准备。Bobby 在《Business Communication Fundamentals》一书中 总结 了6个C的原则，即：“简洁，准确，清楚，文采，体谅及连贯。”在此基础上，国内的学者也对其进行了补充和完善。2001年以陆墨珠，庒学艺和周耀宗为代表提出了今天普遍认可的7C原则。即礼貌原则(Courtesy)，清楚原则(Clarity)，简洁原则(Conciseness)，正确原则(Correctness)，具体原则(Concreteness)，体谅原则(Consideration)，及完整原则(Completeness)。其中，商务 英语写作 中礼貌原则构成了商务沟通技巧中的原则基调，是商家最主要、最锐利的武器之一。英国语言学家Geoffrey Leech 等人提出礼貌原则(Politeness principle)，认为在所有语言交际中，说话人和听话人之间应尽量地表示礼貌(maximize the expression of polite beliefs)和尽量减少不礼貌的表达方式(minimize the expression of impolite beliefs)。这一原则对商务英语写作具有特别重要的意义。在吸收Grice研究结果的基础上，Leech在《语用原则》(Principles of Pragmatics)一书中系统的提出了“礼貌原则”理论。认为礼貌原则应该包含(1)策略准则(Tact Maxim)：让对方受损最小，受恩最大;(2)宽宏准则(Generosity Maxim)：让自己受益最小，受损最大;(3)赞誉原则(Approbation Maxim)：尽量少贬低对方，尽量多自己;(4)谦虚准则(Modesty Maxim)(5)一致准则(Agreement Maxim)：尽量减少对方的分歧，尽量增多和对方的一致;(6)同情原则：尽量减少厌恶对方，尽量扩大同情对方。然而Brown&Levinson也表示，礼貌原则具有一些普遍性。在众多的礼貌原则中，Lakoff提出了说话人可以遵守的三种不同的礼貌原则：第一，不要强求人;第二，给对方留余地;第三，增进相互之间的友情。
三、不同文化的礼貌原则
不同语言的礼貌原则是有差异的，顾曰国教授提出汉语言文化礼貌原则中有尊重(Respenctfulness)、谦逊(Modesty)、态度热情(attitudinal warmth)和文雅(refinement)等四个方面，1992年又提出汉语文化的礼貌原则是：(1)贬己尊人准则：顾曰国教授认为中国式礼貌的最大特点是”夫礼者，自卑而尊人”。这条准则指谓自己和自己相关的事物时要“贬”和“谦”，指谓听着或与听者相关的事物时要“拾”和“尊”。(2)称呼准则：这一准则指人们出于礼貌，在相互称呼时要按“上下有义，贵贱有分长幼有序”的传统来体现 人际交往 中的社会关系。(3)文雅准则：在汉文化中“彬彬有礼”被认为是懂礼貌、有教养。其基本内容是“选用雅语，禁用秽语，多用委婉，少用直言”。避免提及使人不愉快或难堪的事物。(4)求同准则：指注意对方的身份和社会地位，尊重对方的“面子”，使交际双方在诸多方面力求和谐一致。当不得不批评别人或发表不同意见时，可以采取：“先礼后兵”，“先褒后贬”策略。(5)德言行准则：指在行为动机上尽量减少他人付出的代价，尽量增加他人的益处;在言辞上尽量夸大别人给自己好处，尽量少说自己付出的代价。这些礼貌原则在商务信函中对中国人从事国际贸易也具有指导意义。中国人觉得自尊是一种礼貌，而西方人则认为是一种不诚实，因而在交往过程中难以沟通，甚至造成误解，因此更需注意不同语言文化间的语言表达方式。在商务信函的写作中，讲究礼仪的原则，说话不可随意冒犯他人，要尊重不同文化中人们的语言习惯。例如通常，如何向商务伙伴传递坏消息，在美国，一般是通过间接的方式、委婉的语气、积极的意义的词语来表达。法国人、英国人、德国人一般都用直接的方式;而像日本、中国这样高语境文化则讲和谐、重面子， 方法 间接委婉，拉丁美洲避免传递坏消息。在不同的文化中，表示礼貌的方式方法，以及人们的判断标准都具有差异性。西方人对于赞扬，一般都以“thank you”表示接受，她们认为，欣然接受对方的赞扬可以避免损害对方的积极面子，因而是礼貌。而对于我们中国常常会用：“哪里、哪里”，“过奖了”，“差远了”等来应答表示被夸奖人的谦虚。可见西方国家重视个体观念、独立精神，这种概念包括个人的自由、权利、个人的独立。
四、结语
在日益激烈的国际贸易竞争中，商务信函不仅是实现沟通的媒介，也是建立友谊、吸引客户的手段。“君子不失于色于人，不失口于人”的古训，意思是说，有道德人待人应该彬彬有礼，不能态度粗暴，也不能出言不逊。礼貌待人，使用礼貌语言，是我们中华人民的优良传统。礼貌还是人类交际中言语谦恭、得体的表现。随着社会的发展变化，由于不同社会文化传统互相影响，礼貌必然不断改变。语言的礼貌包括有分寸、有礼节、有教养、有学识，要避隐私、避浅薄、避粗鄙、避忌讳，概括“四有四避”。因此，在商务信函写作中，遵循礼貌原则，做到及时回函，语言得体尊重对方，不卑不亢，保持良好的礼貌而高尚的心态认真写作，从而保证商贸活动顺利有效地进行，对促进社会主义精神文明建设有重要的理论意义和现实意义。从不同国家商务信函中开头和结尾的例子中可以看出：美国注重高效率和快速行动的文化特征，阿拉伯的信件反映了注重身份、地位、关系和好客的文化特征;日本的信件反映了谦逊，礼貌，间接和关系等文化特征。我们应该充分注意文化对商务英语写作的影响以及礼貌原则。
参考文献：
[1]柯静，王绪论：《商务英文信函中礼貌原则的运用》[J]《商场现代化》，2007-12，(527):182-183
[2]黄亚兰：《礼仪在商务 拜访 中的重要作用和技巧探析》[A]
[3]王旎铌：《浅谈国际商务英语函电中的礼貌原则》[J].铜仁学报学院学报2011(2)：98-99
[4]高东军：《中英礼貌原则及礼貌用语的文化差异》[A].洛阳理工学院学报2009-10(5)：8-9
礼貌原则议论文范文二：浅谈礼貌原则在商务沟通中的妙用
摘要：本文介绍了Leech的礼貌原则，并试图用例子阐明礼貌原则的六大准则在商务沟通中的应用，以揭示礼貌原则如何有助于提高商务沟通技能，促进商务活动能够更加顺利地得以进行。
关键词：礼貌原则;商务沟通
一、 前言
随着经济全球化，跨国商务活动日益频繁，国际贸易的竞争越来越激烈。语言架设了人类进行沟通的桥梁，商务活动离不开语言交际活动。商务语言运用得得当与否，往往直接影响到商务沟通的成败，直接影响到经济利益。因而，在商务沟通中如何得当地运用商务语言，在激烈的竞争中抓住商机，实现既定经济目标，显得颇具意义。为此，在商务沟通中，交际双方都会尽量遵循礼貌原则，以便促成商务合作，在营造友好的谈判气氛同时，不卑不亢地最大程度地追求并实现各自的经济利益。
二、礼貌原则综述
美国语言学家Grice(1975)指出，人们在言语交际中为了使会话得以顺利进行，都会遵循合作原则。但是，人们在现实交际中往往会不遵守，甚至刻意违反合作原则。为了解释此类现象，英国语言学家Geoffrey Leech在吸收了Grice提出的"会话含义"(及言语交际的 "合作原则"的基础上，经过不断地推断验证，1983年在他的《语用学原则》一书中提出了 "礼貌原则"理论，用以补充和完善Grice的合作原则。他认为，在言语交际过程中，说话人和听话人之间应尽量地表示礼貌，并且尽量避免使用不礼貌的表达方式。在商务沟通中，交际双方更应该遵循礼貌原则。这有助于双方建立良好的合作关系，从而促进贸易合作。
Leech的礼貌原则包含了六项准则,每个准则下又包括了两个次准则。具体如下：(1)得体准则(Tact Maxim)：尽量少让别人吃亏(minimizing the cost to the others)，尽量让别人多得益(maximizing the benefit to the others)。(2)慷慨准则(Generosity Maxim)：尽量少让自己得益"minimizing benefit to self)，尽量多让自己吃亏(maximizing cost to self)。(3)赞誉准则(Approbation Maxim)：尽量少贬损别人(minimize dispraise of other)，尽量多赞誉别人(maximize praise of other)。(4)谦逊准则(Agreement Maxim)：尽量少赞誉自己(minimize praise of self)，尽量多贬损自己(maximize dispraise of self)。(5)一致准则(Agreement Maxim)：尽量减少双方的分歧(minimize disagreement between self and other)，尽量增加双方的一致(maximize agreement between self and other)。(6)同情准则(Sympathy Maxim)：尽量减少双方的反感(minimize antipathy between self and other)，尽量增加双方的同情(maximize sympathy between self and other)。
三、礼貌原则在商务沟通中的运用
在商务沟通中，交际双方遵循礼貌原则，处处为对方考虑，保留对方面子，可以促进商务合作在友好融洽的气氛中进行。下面将以实例阐明礼貌原则六大准则在商务沟通中的具体应用，及其所能产生的交际效果。
得体准则的运用
( 1 ) I would be pleased if you could lower the price.贵方若能降低价格，我们将非常高兴。
( 2 ) I would be pleased if you should ship the goods as soon as possible.你方若能尽快发货，我们将非常高兴。
在以上例子中，说话者运用模糊表达"I would be pleased if"，礼貌地向听话人提出他的请求。如果没有运用上该模糊表达，说话者提出的请求会让对方感到被施加压力，行动自由受到限制。听话者会觉得他接下来的行动是出于说话者的要求，是应说话者需要去采取行动，显得受制于人。而加上"I would be pleased if",就可以避免使听话者产生上述感受。说话者巧妙地说 "如果你能...，我将非常高兴。",显得是有求于听话人，让他感觉受到重视与尊重。说话者巧妙地"尽量少让对方吃亏"，这遵循了礼貌原则的得体准则，同时也为实现自己的交际目的铺平道路，让对方心平气和最大可能地接纳自己的想法。
慷慨准则的运用
(3)Please do not hesitate to contact me when you need any further information.若还需要任何信息，请务必告知我们。
(4)When any of the items illustrated in the booklet interests you, please do not hesitate to let us know. 宣传册上有任何您感兴趣的产品，请务必让我们知道。
在上面两个例子中，说话者使用when引导的从句让听话人获得了最大的作决定的自由，让对方感觉自己不受约束，听得舒服，行动也自由。说话者向对方表示他可以提供任何(any)对方需要的信息或产品，显得"尽量多让自己吃亏，少让自己得益"，遵循了礼貌原则的慷慨准则。慷慨原则的运用，能给对方留下好印象，让对方感受到自己的需求随时都可以得以满足，有利于取得听话者的信任，有效促进了商务目的的实现。
赞誉准则的运用
(5)Your price is a little bit high. 你方的价格有点偏高。
在以上例子中，说话者使用了a little bit(有点) ，削弱了对对方价格的否定程度，挽救了对方的面子，也就使得听话人在心理上和在面子上都比较容易接受。说话者"尽量少贬损别人"，正是遵守了赞誉准则。直接批评对方的不是，很容易使得双方的交谈陷入尴尬的局面。赞扬准则的使用可以有效地缓解这种情形。每个人都有渴望得到别人认同的心理，多多少少都会喜欢别人的称赞，因此，恰当的使用赞誉的言辞可以在满足对方心理需求的同时，赢得对方的好感和信任，从而促进商务沟通的成功。
谦逊准则的运用
(6) We regret to bring you so much inconvenience. 很抱歉，给您带来这么多不便。
在该例子中，说话者强调自己给对方带来so much inconvenience(这么多不便)，这是在"尽量少赞誉自己，多贬损自己"，遵循了谦逊准则，这样可以更容易博得听话者的理解与包容。适度的贬损自己，还可以降低别人对自己的抵触心理。反之，过多的赞誉自己，夸夸其谈，吹嘘自己，会给对方形成难以信任的印象，不利于双方业务关系的建立。
一致准则的运用
(7)I do believe that the quality of your shoes is good, but unfortunately your prices appear to be on the high side. 我相信贵公司的鞋子品质优越，只是价格似乎有所偏高。
在该例子中，说话者先使用"I do believe"(我确实相信)强调他认同对方鞋子的质量没有问题， "尽量增加双方的一致"，也同时"尽量减少双方的分歧 "。说话者巧妙地使用了"but" "appear to be" 来削弱对对方价格的否定程度，使得听话人在心理上更易于接受。这恰恰符合了人们渴望得到别人认可的心理，有利于沟通的有效顺利进行。
同情准则的运用
(8)We are terribly sorry to hear that you have had trouble with your new machine.听说贵公司的新机器出了点问题，对此深表遗憾。
(9)Much to our regret, we have to cancel our order for this good.很遗憾，我们不得不取消订单。
在例(8)中，说话者使用"We are terribly sorry"(很遗憾/抱歉)"尽量增加双方的同情", 对对方产品出现问题表示了自己同情，让听话人能深深体会到说话人对自己的理解，这可以拉近双方的距离，促进商务沟通的进行。在例(9)中，说话人使用"Much to our regret"(很遗憾)"尽量减少双方的反感"，毕竟是要取消订单，对交易双方来说都是不乐意的事，说话人这么说可以让对方感到他本人也是不乐意的，以便取得对方的理解，大大程度上削弱了彼此的"反感"。从以上例子可以看到，同情准则的适当使用，可以说是双方沟通的润滑剂。
四、结束语
Leech的礼貌原则在商务沟通具有重要的意义。在商务沟通中交际双方遵循礼貌原则，以对方为中心，能为对方设身处地地考虑，这样才能保证交际的顺利进行。礼貌的商务语言可以使对方感受到说话人对其观点、权利的重视，有助于迎合对方心理，从而能促进愉快和谐的商务沟通的进行，促成和扩大商贸往来。从事商务活动的人员若能在掌握商务业务知识的基础上，熟练和恰当地运用礼貌原则，可以有效地提高他们的商务沟通技能，促进他们的商务交际更加顺利地进行。
参考文献：
[1] Leech, G.. Principles of Pragmatics[M]. London: Longman, 1983.
[2] 何兆熊. 新编语用学概要[M]. 上海：上海外语 教育 出版社，1999.
[3] 尹小莹. 外贸英语 函电.[M]，西安文通大学出版社,1997.
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论文答辩自述英文
在个人成长的多个环节中，大家都经常接触到论文吧，通过论文写作可以提高我们综合运用所学知识的`能力。那么问题来了，到底应如何写一篇优秀的论文呢？以下是我帮大家整理的论文答辩自述英文，欢迎大家分享。
Good morning, professors and everyone. I come from JMU College. I am XXX and my supervisor is prof XXX. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, I have finished my paper.
The title of my paper is An Analysis of Ahab’s Personality Tragedy in Moby Dick. I choose this title as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this work as this is one of the texts in our American literature course . Last but not least , Moby-Dick is widely recognized as the summit not only of Melville’s art but of American nineteenth-centry fiction.
The purpose of this essay is to study Captain Ahab,the role in Moby-Dick, whose leg was bitten by the white whale in his process of the whaling. After losing his leg, he determined to revenge Moby Dick and tried to kill it. In order to revenge, Ahab ultimately dooms the crew of the Pequod (save for Ishmael) to death by his obsession with Moby Dick. By taking the comprehensive analysis perspective of Moby-Dick, this thesis will point out that the main characteristics of Ahab.
This paper consists of three parts. Part one presents an introduction to the Social Background and the life of the Author Herman Melvillehe ,Part two presents The Main Characteristics of Ahab. there are three aspects have been divided to analyze his characters: his monomania , his selfishness, and his individualism. Part three presents The Consequences of Ahabs Personality Tragedy.
OK, thats all. Thank you !
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ：
I am Zhao Jing. Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Zhong Ming, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
The title of my paper is The Masculine Spirit of The Old Man and the Sea
The whole thesis consists of 3 parts. The first part will give brief introductions on the background which contains the social and cultural aspects and the introduction to the author of the masterpiece. In The second part is going to have a brief
introduction of the old man and the sea and analyze the masculine spirits in the old man and the sea such as the faith optimistic and the wisdom of the hero. In the third part, it is the natural conclusion and the deep consideration.
I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this novel as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times. Last but not the least, I’m deeply appreciated to the masculine spirit and hope I can get and practice it in my future. For the above facts, I select the subject of The Masculine Spirit of The Old Man and the Sea as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this novel we can know more about the author Hemingway and his honorable masculine spirit. “A man can be destroyed but not be defeated.” Such kind of spirit can
help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
That’s you!
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, its show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any correction.
The topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.
Angela Carter (1940-1992) is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomens writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation”. The year 2014 represents the 22” anniversary of Angela Carters death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carters works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve into.
With the emergence of western womens movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though womens social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carters most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and propositions.
Next, is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five parts.
Chapter one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the thesis.
Chapter two presents a broad picture of Angela Carters life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the future.
Chapter three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carters life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to womens freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual relationship.
Chapter four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carters demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two genders.
Chapter five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further study.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
毕业论文答辩自述稿英文版（通用6篇）
转眼间充满意义的大学生活就即将结束，我们都知道毕业生要通过最后的毕业论文，毕业论文是一种、有准备的检验大学学习成果的'形式，那么什么样的毕业论文才是好的呢？下面是我整理的毕业论文答辩自述稿英文版，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction. The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation.
I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators.
So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.
The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.
So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.
Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.
Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.
Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.
Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices. OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions。
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ： I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere grat-itude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts.
The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies.
In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society.
Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
good evening, all the appraiser committee members. i come from hust, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. i am and my supervisor is prof.***. with her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year"s hard work, i have finished my paper. finally, it is the show time. this evening i will present my efforts to you all and i gratefully welcome any correction.
the title of my paper is a study of the causes of the gothic style in a rose for emily from a feminist perspective. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. firstly, i am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. secondly, i am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and i have taught this text for more than 3 times . last but not the least ,as a female , i am keen on the study of feminism. for the above facts, i select the subject of a study of the causes of the gothic style in a rose for emily from a feminist perspective as the title of my paper.
i hope by studying this short story we can know more about american southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
next , i will present it to you. here is an outline of my presentation. they are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
this paper consists of six parts. part one presents an introduction to the author william faulkner and a rose for emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel,that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and emily s attitude towards love. finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
ok, that"s all. now you may raise your questions ! i am ready! thank you !
today, the title of my paper is on the network novels. in recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. network novel is one of the fast of them. in the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels" addicts. for the above facts, i select the subject of on the network novels as the title of my paper.
the last part, the forecast. looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. if each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.
not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.
good morning, all appraiser committee members. i am **** and my supervisor is ***. with her constant encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper. now, it is the show time. i will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
the title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of on transformation of parts of speech as the title of my paper.
i hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.
part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any correction.
The topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.
Angela Carter (1940-1992) is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve into.
With the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and propositions.
Next, is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five parts.
Chapter one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the thesis.
Chapter two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the future.
Chapter three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual relationship.
Chapter four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two genders.
Chapter five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further study.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
英语自我介绍含翻译
自我介绍可以像对方介绍自己的姓名、年龄、爱好等。下面是我分享的英语自我介绍范文带翻译，希望能对大家有所帮助!
how are you, i call year is 22 years from xxxx profession is a calculator am one is bright, optimism, there is the person of fondness for plays basketball, computer, listen to music, etc..thankful your company gives me this the opportunity of the personal interview!
翻译：你好，我叫xx。今年22岁。毕业于xxxx学院。专业是计算机多媒体。我是一个开朗，乐观，有责任心的人。爱好打篮球，电脑，听音乐，等。感谢贵公司给我这次面试的机会!
To introduce myself(介绍我自己)
Hello,every one!(大家好)
My name is **** . (我叫****)
I'm a 15 years old boy. (我是一个15岁的男孩)(具体情况自己改) I live in the beautiful city of Rizhao.(我住在美丽的Rizhao城)(你可以把Rizhao改成自己家乡的城市的'名称的拼音)
I'm an active ,lovely and clever boy.(我是一个活跃的可爱的聪明的男孩)
In the school , my favourite subject is maths .(在学校，我最喜欢数学)
Perhaps someone thinks it's difficult to study well .(也许有些人认为这很难学)
But I like it.(但我喜欢他)
I belive that if you try your best, everything can be done well.(我相信每件事付出努力就会有害结果)
I also like sports very much.(我也很喜欢运动)
Such as,running,volleyball and so on. (像跑步、排球等等) I'm kind-hearted.(我很热心)
If you need help ,please come to me .(如果你需要帮助，就来找我) I hope we can be good friends!(我希望我们能成为好朋友) is me .A sunny boy.(好了，这就是我，一个阳光男孩)
i'm very glad to join in the me introduce myself to name is lin ya qian,i'm 20 years old,i come from zhe jiang,and i'm an outgoing girl,i like
philosophy and yes,i hope that i can do something for the beijing you give me the great chance,i won't let you 's hope that you are satisfied with me,thank you!
翻译：各位领导，给位招聘官，大家好!很高兴能参加这次面试，首先让我做个自我介绍，我叫林雅倩，今年20岁，来自浙江，曾经做过网管的工作，学到了很多东西。我是一个很活泼开朗的男孩，喜欢哲学和运动。这次北京举办奥运会，我很希望能做点什么，如果贵公司给我这个机会，我想我不会让你失望的。简单介绍到这，希望能我今天的表现能令您满意，谢谢!
Hello everyone：
I am eighteen this year .I live in the beautiful city of Chongqing ,I am kind-harted .I like making friends with others .I like sports very much .Such as, runing,swimming and so like reading books ,too .I think books can open my eyes and give new idea to me . This is me,A suny girl.
翻译：
大家好:
我今年18岁，我生活在美丽的城市重庆。我很热心，我很喜欢交朋友，我非常喜欢运动，例如，跑步、游泳等等。我也喜欢看书，我认为书籍可以开阔我的视野，给我一些新的想法。这就是我 ，一个阳光的女孩。
Good morning ladies and gentlemen, it’s great honor for me to do my brief introduction here. Now, I’ll introduce myself from the following three aspects: education, abilities,and work expectation.
My education comes first: there are two parts, my majority and activities I have attended. I graduated from XXX University majored in English. During past four years, I studied my major hard, and tried my best to improve my professional ability. With my perseverance, my grades of these four years were among the best of my classmates, and finally, graduated successfully. For the activities I have attended were: the volunteer activity in which we helped old people and children; the university sports games in which I attended running competition, and the most interesting activity was the movie dubbing competition. In these activities, I have learned the spirits of cooperation and teamwork, and experienced the happiness of helping others.
Next part is the abilities I have got, for English, I have passed TEM4, TEM8 and GRE, and my English listening, speaking, reading, writing abilities have been practiced in my daily study. For computer, I have passed the computer grade one and two test, and got the certificate of NPAP, that’s to say I have got the ability of using WPS and other skills about computer. And during my university, I have learned the curriculum of Business English listening and speaking, business English translation etc, so I have got the basic ability of business English.
Finally, about my career expectation. I love my major, and I want to improve my English ability, so I want to get a job which I can use my majority. Meanwhile, I hope the team will become better with my attending, that’s to say I hope I can do some contribution for my work. I hope you can give me this opportunity of working here and be one of member of ’s my introduction, thank you a lot.
翻译：
早上好，很荣幸站在着这里做自我介绍。我将从我的学历、能力和工作期望三方面进行陈述。
首先，我将从我的专业和参加的活动两方面介绍我的学历。我毕业于XXX大学英语专业，通过不懈努力，大学四年的成绩一直名列前茅并顺利毕业。关于我参加的活动，我参加了志愿者活动帮助老人和孩子，参加大学生运动会赛跑比赛，以及最有趣的外语电影配音大赛，从这些活动中我学习到了合作精神和团队精神，体会了帮助他人的愉悦。
下面是我获得的一些能力，英语方面，通过了英语专业四级和专业八级考试以及GRE考试，计算机方面，通过了计算机一级二级考试，以及全国高新专业人才证书，也就是说，我在计算机文档表格等方面已熟练掌握，并且对计算机方面技术已经掌握。大学期间已主修了商务英语翻译、商务英语视听说等课程，所以，对商务英语方面也有一些了解。
最后，关于我的求职期望，我喜欢我的专业，所以我想找这方面的工作，锻炼自我，提高能力，希望您能给我这个机会，奉献我的能力并成为其中一员，谢谢。
The British Museum.
英文简介如下:
The British Museum was established in 1753, largely based on the collections of the physician and scientist Sir Hans Sloane. The museum first opened to the public on 15 January 1759 in Montagu House in Bloom *** ury, on the site of the current museum building. Its expansion over the following o and a half centuries has resulted in the creation of several branch institutions, the first being the British Museum (Natural History) in South Kensington in 1887. Until 1997, when the British Library opened to the public, the British Museum was unique in that it housed both a national museum of antiquities and a national library in the same building. Its present chairman is Sir John Boyd and its director is Neil MacGregor.
As with all other national museums and art galleries in Britain, the Museum charges no admission fee, although charges are levied for some temporary special exhibitions.
这个市大英博物馆的
This is the Palace Museum, also known as the Purple Forbidden City. It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Under Ming Emperor , construction began in 1406. It took 14 years to build the Forbidden City.
The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.
The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east west. It has 9900 rooms under a total roof area 150000 square meters. A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a –meter- high wall which encloses the plex.
It is believed that the Palace Museum got its name from astronomy folklore. The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan. The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace.
The Forbidden City is divided into an outer and an inner count. We are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. In front of us lies the Gate of supreme Harmony. The gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions, symbolizing imperial power and dignity. The lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. The one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. The other one is a female. Underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession.
The Forbidden City consists of an outer count and an inner enclosure. The outer count yard covers a vast space lying beeen the Meridian Gate and the Gate of Heavenly Purity. The “three big halls” of Supreme Harmony, Complete Harmony and Preserving Harmony constitute the center of this building group. The great three halls are built on a spacious “H”-shaped,8-meter-high, triple marble terrace. Each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs.
This area is called the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square, which covers a total of 30000 square meters. Without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. In the middle of the square there is carriageway that was reserved for the Emperor. On both sides of the road the ground bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise,making up fifteen layers in all.
这是我以前做的PowerPoint，可能不太连贯，见谅！
每当我走过内蒙古博物馆旧址门前时，总是有一份深深的留恋之情，我会忍不住多看它几眼，楼顶上那匹奔驰的骏马似乎被冷落了，它见证了我和博物馆的故事。
在我很小的时候，爸爸妈妈经常带我到内蒙古博物馆。在懵懂的记忆中，那里就像宝库一样。直到我上小学三年级的时候，才对这里稀奇古怪的文物有了初步的了解。有一次，我和同学来这里观看木偶戏，看到叔叔阿姨表演得栩栩如生，我很是钦佩，看完木偶戏，又有小讲解员义务为我们讲解，听完讲解后，我就喜欢上了这里。从那时起，我就希望自己也能成为一名小讲解员。于是，我报名了，并且参加了相关培训。经过一段时间的努力和老师的精心指导，我终于了解了蒙古族历史展厅，并且能够流利为大家讲解了。
接下来的日子里，每逢节假日，博物馆里都少不了我的身影，我和这里的老师们一起搭建蒙古包，一起纺线和擀毡，一起学习踩高跷，一起表演木偶戏，一起参加欢乐大课堂，特别开心。在今年2月份的小讲解员比赛中，我获得了冠军。博物馆的老师们对我的关爱和培养让我受益匪浅，我不仅了解了民族民俗文化及历史，也学会了奉献，作为一名小小志愿者，我愿意为游客讲解内蒙古的文化和历史。
5月3日这天，我们全家来到内蒙古博物馆合影，也和这里的老师们合影留念，这是因为，博物馆和博物院合并了。
当我又一次走到博物馆门前时，那份依依不舍已经化作深深的感激，感激博物馆为我带来儿时的美好时光和永恒的记忆。
英语
Every time I pass by in front of the Inner Mongolia museum site, there is always a deep miss of love, I can't help but see it a few eye, on the roof of the mercedes-benz horse horse seems to be left behind, it witnessed my the story and the museum.
When I was young, my father and mother often take me to the Inner Mongolia museum. In children of the memory, there is like a treasure. It was not until I was in third grade when, about the strange have a preliminary understanding of cultural relics. On one occasion, my clas *** ate and I e here to watch the puppet show, acting is lifelike, see uncle aunt I was admirable, watching the puppet show, and there was a *** all docent volunteer for us, after the lecture, I will like here. Since then, I just want to
入馆须知
欢迎来到我市博物馆参观，请遵守以下规则：
1.禁止在展馆内吸烟；
2.保持管内安静；
3.保持管内清洁卫生；
4.禁止拍照；
5.如果想了解展品的详细情况，请咨询导游；
6.不得随意触摸展品；
开放时间：8：30-16：30
星期日-星期五
Hello, everybody ! Wele to our museum. Now you are requested to do the following things. First *** oking is forbidden in the museum. Second you should keep silent in the museum . Third you should make the museum clean. Fourth you mustn't take photos in it . Fifth you can consult the guides if you want to get more information about the exibition. Finally you mustn't touch anything in the museum. The museum opens from 8:30 am to 4:30 pm during Sunday to you all!
Both sides of the door in the museum, were o mighty big dinosaurs, as if to wele our arrival, into the museum, we first toured the aquarium. Aquarium lights are shining dark blue, wavy line on the wall there is a road, as if we are deep guest. "Look! Sturgeon!" I do not know who shouted. I looked, and sure enough! Sturgeon in the tank a long sleeping when the bottom tightly. Down the corridor, we saw a ribbonlike electric eel like swimming in the water. "I've heard it can help people with electric shock was lost consciousness it!" My good friend Liu Bowen said. I nodded, "Hey, what is the fish? Really beautiful!" I said. Liu Bowen explains: "Although it is very beautiful red and white pattern, can someone give it the name of security do not how to clown fish!" "Poor little thing!"
Out of the aquarium, we came to the Museum of Entomology. "Disgusting! Look at the long centipede!" Liu Chang spit out his tongue. This insect museum insect specimens and television through the video to us in detail introduced insect World.
We walked down the floor, came to my longawaited dinosaur world. The scene before and I imagine, there are many electric dinosaur roar of terror issue. "Look! This is my favorite dragon sword!" I pointed to a green dinosaur that Liu Bowen was looking at the other tall, formidable dinosaur, said: "T. rex and more fun!" Liu Chang again We both pulled out of a winged, standing before the dinosaurs branches called: "Look, look at the fishing master pterodactyl!"
Out of the dinosaur world, we also visited a green home, cell house, one of the origin of such contentrich exhibition hall.
We are not happy afternoon in the teacher's request, we left it attracts the eye of the Beijing Museum of Natural History.
Today, we not only long experience, they know a lot of knowledge, which makes it a desire to learn more
在博物馆门的两侧，是两个非常大的恐龙，好像在欢迎我们的到来，进入博物馆，我们第一次参观水族馆。水族灯闪烁的深蓝色，波浪线，墙上有一条路，因为如果我们深深的客人。”看!鲟鱼!”我不知道是谁喊。我一看，果然!在罐底长睡时紧紧鲟。在走廊里，我们看到了一个带状的电鳗就像在水里游泳。”我听说它可以帮助触电人失去意识了!”我的好朋友刘伯温说。我点点头，“嘿，这是什么鱼?真漂亮!”我说的。刘伯温解释说：“尽管这是非常漂亮的红色和白色的图案，有人把它安全的名义不怎样的小丑鱼!”可怜的小东西!”
在水族馆，我们来到了博物馆昆虫。”讨厌。看长的蜈蚣!”刘畅吐舌头。这种昆虫博物馆昆虫标本和电视通过视频向我们详细介绍了昆虫世界。
我们走下了楼，来到了我期待已久的恐龙世界。眼前的景象，我想，有很多电动恐龙轰鸣的反恐问题。”看!这是我最喜欢的龙剑!”我指着一个绿色恐龙，刘伯温看着其他的高层，可怕的恐龙，说：”雷克斯和更多的乐趣!”刘畅又一次我们都拿出一翼，站在恐龙的分支被称为：“看，看钓鱼大师翼龙!”
从恐龙的世界，我们还参观了绿色家园，细胞的房子，一个内容丰富的展览大厅的起源。
我们不是在老师的要求下快乐的下午，我们离开它吸引的自然历史博物馆在北京的眼睛。
今天，我们不仅长的经验，他们知道了很多知识，使其了解更多的愿望
A tour guide is a person who leads groups of tourists around a town, museum, or other tourist attractions. The guide provides mentary on the features and history of the location. The tours can be from as little as 10-15 minutes to extended periods over many days. Such a person normally possesses a qualification usually issued or recognised by the appropriate authority.
When I travelled in Nanjing, Yangzhou and Suzhou last summer with my parents, an idea always ran into my mind that I could consider being an English tour guide some day. Yes, why not? Travel can broaden my mind, deepen my knowledge of the beautiful in China, even in the world.
导游是一个人导致附近一个小镇,博物馆,或其他旅游景点的游客群体.该指南提供评论的特点和历史上的位置.游览可以从低至10-15分钟,在许多天的长时间.这样的人通常拥有通常发行或通过适当的授权认可的资格.
当我前往南京,扬州,苏州,去年夏天,我的父母总是想法跑进我的脑海里,我可以考虑有一天成为一名英语导游.是的,为什么不呢?旅游可以扩大我的脑海里,深化知识的美丽,我在中国,乃至世界的.
如果我能实现我的梦想,那么我个人可以享受免费,赚钱的美丽的风景名胜和丰富我的生活,从而振奋我的生活质量
If I can realize my dream, then personally I can enjoy the beautiful scenic spots for free and earn money and enrich my life, thus uplifting my life quality
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博物馆文物展品英汉对译质量现状研究——以内蒙古博物院为例和策略进而探讨博物馆文物展品翻译的标准以期实现类似具有民族和区域特色的中国文物展品展牌英汉对译的规范...阅读22次共12页中国博物馆文物文本资料翻译现状浅析阅读0次共2页国内博物馆文本英译研究现状分析阅读0次共2页河北省文物古迹翻译现状及改进对策研究
写作思路：首先介绍博物馆的大门，进入后开始逐步从所见的景象进行介绍，最后通过有趣的对白进行点缀。
范文：
Both sides of the door in the museum，were two mighty big dinosaurs，as if to welcome our arrival，into the museum，we first toured the aquarium.
在博物馆的大门两侧，都是两只威武的大恐龙，仿佛在欢迎我们的到来，走进博物馆，我们首先参观了水族馆。
Aquarium lights are shining dark blue，wavy line on the wall there is a road，as if we are deep guest."Look！Sturgeon！＂I do not know who shouted.
水族馆的灯光都是深蓝色的，波浪形的墙上有一条线，仿佛我们是深客人。”你看！鲟鱼！”我不知道是谁喊的。
I looked，and sure enough！Sturgeon in the tank a long sleeping when the bottom the corridor，we saw a ribbon-like electric eel like swimming in the water."I＇ve heard it can help people with electric shock was lost consciousness it！＂My good friend Liu Bowen said.
我看了，果然！鲟鱼在长时间沉睡时，底部紧紧地。沿着走廊，我们看到一条像缎带一样的电鳗在水里游泳。”我听说它能帮助触电的人失去知觉呢！”我的好朋友刘博文说。
I nodded，＂Hey，what is the fish？Really beautiful！＂I Bowen explains：＂Although it is very beautiful red and white pattern，can someone give it the name of security do not how to - clown fish！＂＂Poor little thing！＂
我点点头，“嘿，这是什么鱼？真漂亮！”我说了。刘博文解释说：“虽然它是非常漂亮的红白相间的图案，但能有人给它起个保安的名字不怎么——小丑鱼！”可怜的小东西！”
Out of the aquarium，we came to the Museum of Entomology."Disgusting！Look at the long centipede！＂Liu Chang spit out his insect museum insect specimens and television through the video to us in detail introduced insect World.
走出水族馆，我们来到昆虫学博物馆。”讨厌！看那只长长的蜈蚣！”刘畅吐了吐舌头。本昆虫博物馆通过昆虫标本和电视录像向我们详细介绍了昆虫世界。