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你好， foreknown下文从工业设计属性出发，讲到发展进程，立法权益保护还有产品设计的相关内容，字数有限，希望能多给你参考，期望能帮得上你。Industrial design is an applied art whereby the aesthetics and usability of mass-produced products may be improved for marketability and production. The role of an Industrial Designer is to create and execute design solutions towards problems of form, usability, user ergonomics, engineering, marketing, brand development and term "industrial design" is often attributed to the designer Joseph Claude Sinel in 1919 (although he himself denied it in later interviews) but the discipline predates that by at least a decade. Its origins lay in the industrialization of consumer products. For instance the Deutscher Werkbund, founded in 1907 and a precursor to the Bauhaus, was a state-sponsored effort to integrate traditional crafts and industrial mass-production techniques, to put Germany on a competitive footing with England and the United of industrial design Water kettle designed by Peter Behrens in 1909 A Braun stereo Vox Phantom guitar, 1962General Industrial Designers are a cross between an engineer and an artist. They study both function and form, and the connection between product and the user. They do not design the gears or motors that make machines move, or the circuits that control the movement, but they can affect technical aspects through usability design and form relationships. And usually, they partner with engineers and marketers, to identify and fulfill needs, wants and Depth "Industrial Design (ID) is the professional service of creating and developing concepts and specifications that optimize the function, value and appearance of products and systems for the mutual benefit of both user and manufacturer" according to the IDSA (Industrial Designers Society of America).Design, itself, is often difficult to define to non-designers because the meaning accepted by the design community is not one made of words. Instead, the definition is created as a result of acquiring a critical framework for the analysis and creation of artifacts. One of the many accepted (but intentionally unspecific) definitions of design originates from Carnegie Mellon's School of Design, "Design is the process of taking something from its existing state and moving it to a preferred state." This applies to new artifacts, whose existing state is undefined and previously created artifacts, whose state stands to be to the (Chartered Society of Designers) design is a force that delivers innovation that in turn has exploited creativity. Their design framework known as the Design Genetic Matrix (TM) determines a set of competences in 4 key genes that are identified to define the make up of designers and communicate to a wide audience what they do. Within these genes the designer demonstrates the core competences of a designer and specific competences determine the designer as an 'industrial designer'. This is normally within the context of delivering innovation in the form of a three dimensional product that is produced in quantity. However the definition also extends to products that have been produced using an industrial to the ICSID, (International Council of Societies of Industrial Design) "Design is a creative activity whose aim is to establish the multi-faceted qualities of objects, processes, services and their systems in whole life-cycles. Therefore, design is the central factor of innovative humanization of technologies and the crucial factor of cultural and economic exchange."Process of designAlthough the process of design may be considered 'creative', many analytical processes also take place. In fact, many industrial designers often use various design methodologies in their creative process. Some of the processes that are commonly used are user research, sketching, comparative product research, model making, prototyping and testing. These processes can be chronological, or as best defined by the designers and/or other team members. Industrial Designers often utilize 3D software, Computer-aided industrial design and CAD programs to move from concept to production. Product characteristics specified by the industrial designer may include the overall form of the object, the location of details with respect to one another, colors, texture, sounds, and aspects concerning the use of the product ergonomics. Additionally the industrial designer may specify aspects concerning the production process, choice of materials and the way the product is presented to the consumer at the point of sale. The use of industrial designers in a product development process may lead to added values by improved usability, lowered production costs and more appealing products. However, some classic industrial designs are considered as much works of art as works of engineering: the iPod, the Jeep, the Fender Stratocaster, the Coke bottle, and the VW Beetle are frequently-cited design also has a focus on technical concepts, products and processes. In addition to considering aesthetics, usability, and ergonomics, it can also encompass the engineering of objects, usefulness as well as usability, market placement, and other concerns such as seduction, psychology, desire, and the emotional attachment of the user to the object. These values and accompanying aspects on which industrial design is based can vary, both between different schools of thought and among practicing design and industrial design can overlap into the fields of user interface design, information design and interaction design. Various schools of industrial design and/or product design may specialize in one of these aspects, ranging from pure art colleges (product styling) to mixed programs of engineering and design, to related disciplines like exhibit design and interior design, to schools where aesthetic design is almost completely subordinated to concerns of function and ergonomics of use (the so-called functionalist school）。Industrial design rightsIndustrial design rights are intellectual property rights that protect the visual design of objects that are not purely utilitarian. An industrial design consists of the creation of a shape, configuration or composition of pattern or color, or combination of pattern and color in three dimensional form containing aesthetic value. An industrial design can be a two- or three-dimensional pattern used to produce a product, industrial commodity or the Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of Industrial Designs, a WIPO-administered treaty, a procedure for an international registration exists. An applicant can file for a single international deposit with WIPO or with the national office in a country party to the treaty. The design will then be protected in as many member countries of the treaty as desired. Design rights started in the United Kingdom in 1787 with the Designing and Printing of Linen Act and have expanded from 's Design Act, 2000 was enacted to consolidate and amend the law relating to protection of design and to comply with the articles 25 and 26 of TRIPS agreement. The new act, (earlier Patent and Design Act, 1911 was repealed by this act) now defines "design" to mean only the features of shape, configuration, pattern, ornament, or composition of lines or colours applied to any articlewhether in two or three dimensional, or in both forms, by any industrial process or means, whether manualal or mechanical or chemical, separate or combimed, which in the finished article appeal to and are judged solely bt the eye; but does not include any mode or principle of 's industrial design act affords ten years of protection to industrial designs that are registered; there is no protection if the design is not registered. The Industrial Design Act (., c. I-8) defines "design" or "industrial design" to mean features of shape, configuration, pattern or ornament and any combination of those features that, in a finished article, appeal to and are judged solely by the the existence of an exclusive right, no person can "make, import for the purpose of trade or business, or sell, rent, or offer or expose for sale or rent, any article in respect of which the design is registered." The rule also applies to kits and substantial differences are in reference to previously published KingdomIn addition to the design protection available under Community designs, UK law provides its own national registered design right and an unregistered design right. The unregistered right, which exists automatically if the requirements are met can last for up to 15 years. The registered design right can last up to 25 years subject to the payment of maintenance fees。United . design patents last fourteen years from the date of grant and cover the ornamental aspects of utilitarian objects. Objects that lack a use beyond that conferred by their appearance or the information they convey, may be covered by copyright -- a form of intellectual property of much longer duration that exists as soon as a qualifying work is created. In some circumstances, rights may also be acquired in trade dress, but trade dress protection is akin to trademark rights and requires that the design have source significance or "secondary meaning." It is useful only to prevent source misrepresentations; trade dress protection cannot be used to prevent others from competing on the designProduct design can be defined as the idea generation, concept development, testing and manufacturing or implementation of a physical object or service. Product Designers conceptualize and evaluate ideas, making them tangible through products in a more systematic approach. The role of a product designer encompasses many characteristics of the marketing manager, product manager, industrial designer and design term is sometimes confused with industrial design, which defines the field of a broader spectrum of design activities, such as service design, systems design, interaction design as well as product design.[citation needed] The role of the product designer combines art, science and technology to create tangible three-dimensional goods. This evolving role has been facilitated by digital tools that allow designers to communicate, visualize and analyze ideas in a way that would have taken greater manpower in the neededProduct designers are equipped with the skills needed to bring products from conception to market. They should have the ability to manage design projects, and subcontract areas to other sectors of the design industry. Aesthetics is considered important in Product Design but designers also deal with important aspects including technology, ergonomics, usability, stress analysis and materials with most of the design fields the idea for the design of a product arises from a need and has a use. It follows a certain method and can sometimes be attributed to more complex factors such as association and telesis. Also used to describe a technically competent product designer or industrial designer is the term Industrial Design Engineer. The Cyclone vacuum cleaner inventor James Dyson for example could be considered to be in this category (see his autobiography Against The Odds, Pub Thomson 2002).ApplicationSome companies or individuals have particularly strong feel for developing new products than others. In the modern world these include especially technological companies like iRobot, Google or Nokia. Many product designers are strategic assets to companies that need to maintain a competitive edge in innovation.
工业设计 Industrial Design designIndustrial design is an applied art whereby the aesthetics and usability of products may be improved for marketability and production. The role of an Industrial Designer is to create and execute design solutions towards problems of engineering, usability, marketing, brand development and of industrial designGeneralIndustrial Designers are a cross between a mechanical engineer and an artist. They study both function and form, and the connection between product and the user. They do not design the gears or motors that make machines move, or the circuits that control the movement. And usually, they partner with engineers and marketers, to identify and fulfill needs, wants and Depth"Industrial Design (ID) is the professional service of creating and developing concepts and specifications that optimize the function, value and appearance of products and systems for the mutual benefit of both user and manufacturer." According to the IDSA (Industrial Design Society of America)Design, itself, is often difficult to define to non-designers because the meaning accepted by the design community is not one made of words. Instead, the definition is created as a result of acquiring a critical framework for the analysis and creation of artifacts. One of the many accepted (but intentionally unspecific) definitions of design originates from Carnegie Mellon's School of Design, "Design is the process of taking something from its existing state and moving it to a preferred state". This applies to new artifacts, whose existing state is undefined and previously created artifacts, whose state stands to be to the (Chartered Society of Designers) design is a force that delivers innovation that in turn has exploited creativity. Their design framework known as the Design Genetic Matrix (TM) determines a set of competences in 4 key genes that are identified to define the make up of designers and communicate to a wide audience what they do. Within these genes the designer demonstrates the core competences of a designer and specific competences determine the designer as an 'industrial designer'. This is normally within the context of delivering innovation in the form of a three dimensional product that is produced in quantity. However the definition also extends to products that have been produced using an industrial process. Industrial design is rapidly becoming an obsolete term as 'products' can now be industrially produced as 'one-offs' by the use of Rapid Prototyping Machines. In a post-industrial era and with the emergence of strategic design definitions such as this are incumbering designers and the advancement of design to the ICSID, (International Council of Societies of Industrial Design) "Design is a creative activity whose aim is to establish the multi-faceted qualities of objects, processes, services and their systems in whole life-cycles. Therefore, design is the central factor of innovative humanization of technologies and the crucial factor of cultural and economic of designAlthough the process of design may be considered 'creative', many analytical processes also take place. In fact, many industrial designers often use various design methodologies in their creative process. Some of the processes that are commonly used are user research, sketching, comparative product research, model making, prototyping and testing. These processes can be chronological, or as best defined by the designers and/or other team members. Industrial Designers often utilize 3D software, Computer-aided industrial design and CAD programs to move from concept to production. Product characteristics specified by the industrial designer may include the overall form of the object, the location of details with respect to one another, colors, texture, sounds, and aspects concerning the use of the product ergonomics. Additionally the industrial designer may specify aspects concerning the production process, choice of materials and the way the product is presented to the consumer at the point of sale. The use of industrial designers in a product development process may lead to added values by improved usability, lowered production costs and more appealing products. However, some classic industrial designs are considered as much works of art as works of engineering: the iPod, Coke bottle, and VW Beetle are frequently-cited design has no focus on technical concepts, products and processes. In addition to considering aesthetics, usability, and ergonomics, it can also encompass the engineering of objects, usefulness as well as usability, market placement, and other concerns such as seduction, psychology, desire, and the sexual or affectionate attachment of the user to the object. These values and accompanying aspects on which industrial design is based can vary, both between different schools of thought and among practicing design and industrial design can overlap into the fields of user interface design, information design and interaction design. Various schools of industrial design and/or product design may specialize in one of these aspects, ranging from pure art colleges (product styling) to mixed programs of engineering and design, to related disciplines like exhibit design and interior used to describe a technically competent product designer or industrial designer is the term Industrial Design Engineer. The Cyclone vacuum cleaner inventor James Dyson for example could be considered to be in this category (see his autobiography Against The Odds, Pub Thomson 2002).Industrial design rightsIndustrial design rights are intellectual property rights that make exclusive the visual design of objects that are not purely utilitarian. An industrial design consists of the creation of a shape, configuration or composition of pattern or color, or combination of pattern and color in three dimensional form containing aesthetic value. An industrial design can be a two- or three-dimensional pattern used to produce a product, industrial commodity or handicraft. Under the Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of Industrial Designs, a WIPO-administered treaty, a procedure for an international registration exists. An applicant can file for a single international deposit with WIPO or with the national office in a country party to the treaty. The design will then be protected in as many member countries of the treaty as desired.
论文的题目是论文不可分割的有机组成部分,而论文的主要内容一般在题目中就可反映出来。下面是我带来的关于工业设计类论文题目的内容，欢迎阅读参考!
1. 城市住宅整体厨房的规划设计研究
2. 上下肢主被动康复器的设计及人机工程学研究
3. 基于人机工程学的自动售药机的设计
4. 铁路客车设施设计新探讨
5. S180中老年人手机人性化设计研究
6. 宏茂科技的机床产品造型设计与研究
7. 安徽滁州卷烟厂自动化物流系统规划设计
8. 南京工业大学材料化学工程中心实验楼方案设计
9. 烟草工业企业业主方工程项目管理信息系统的分析与设计
10. 基于可用性工程理论的工业产品设计程序应用研究
11. 中航工业规划建设工程项目设计团队绩效考核改进及应用研究
12. 工业厂区自动消防系统工程的设计
13. 昆明卷烟厂成品库物流调度系统分析与设计
14. 形状混合的理论与应用研究
15. 论“对的设计”与“好的设计”
16. 工业设计中材料的可持续性应用研究
17. 工作室教学模式在高校工业设计专业的应用研究
18. 叉车座椅的工业设计研究
1. 基于工业设计的产品动作美学的研究与实践
2. 工业设计产品虚拟设计平台研究
3. 绿色光源LED产业转型下的工业设计
4. 湖南省工业设计现状及发展战略研究
5. 工业设计草图的多义性及团队设计中的草图重释
6. “健康工业设计”理念及其在办公环境中的应用研究
7. 医用平移推车造型及其侧倾机构的工业设计应用与研究
8. 工业设计理论在数控机床外观造型设计中的应用研究
9. 我国中小型制造企业的工业设计及其管理与协作系统研究
10. 现代工业设计在企业中的推广运用研究
11. 园林机械的设计研究—草坪切割机的改进研究性设计
12. 手柄的人的因素分析与研究
13. 面向家用健身器材的人机工程理论分析与研究
14. 数控机床设计中的人机工程界面研究
15. 敏捷制造环境下虚拟设计中心及其支撑平台的研究
16. 我国出口类农机设计策略研究
17. 多功能车的产品语意研究与应用
18. DALI住宅照明系统的工业设计
19. 数控机床的造型设计研究
20. 基于人机工程学的高铁自助售票机设计研究
21. 电动汽车形态设计的研究
22. 论工业设计在自动化立体仓库中的应用
1. 协调的艺术——现代工业设计的新角色
2. 中国深圳第八届“中国(深圳)国际工业设计周”盛大登场
3. 工业设计大师荣久庵宪司在日本逝世
4. 论设计素描在工业设计教学中的应用
5. 论建筑设计与工业设计之间差异性与互溶性见解
6. 工业设计是企业发展基石
7. 低碳经济背景下湖南工业设计社会伦理研究
8. 中国传统文化与工业设计
9. 工业设计史课程教学探析
10. 高职工业设计专业与模具专业共生建设探究
11. 机床辅机产品工业设计及改善策略
12. 浅析2015届各大高校工业设计展
13. 行为管理学在工业设计中的应用研究
14. 探析现代工业设计的审美体验
15. 为工业设计撑起保护伞
16. 工业设计专业高职和本科教育衔接一体的人才培养研究
17. 地方性本科院校工业设计专业“产学研”教学模式研究
18. 项目教学法在工业设计专业教学中的实践
19. 工业设计理念在农机产品设计中的应用
20. 信息化背景下交互设计在工业设计中的应用
21. 中兴通讯刀片服务器获中国工业设计红星奖
22. 工业设计中的设计管理研究
分给我吧，亲爱的。
工业设计英语教育教学探究论文
摘要 ：本文通过对工业设计专业的英语教学分析和研究，探析了目前专业英语教学的部分现状及可能存在的问题，并提出工业设计专业英语在教学中的一些思路和方法，探讨了如何在应用方面的教学问题，从教学内容、教学方法、师资队伍建设、考核方式等方面探讨了课程改革的措施，获得了一些初浅的结论。
关键词 ：工业设计；专业知识；专业英语
一、引言
随着“一带一路”倡议的兴起，整个国际经济进入了一个崭新的阶段。中国对外进出口的日益增加以及相关科研文献查阅的大量需求，对于开设专业英语教学显得尤为重要。专业国际化和市场国际化不断深入，在本科教学中，专业英语教育越来越受到重视，工业设计专业英语教学有一定难度，涉及到的外文资料有一定深度和广度，这就给专业英语教学带来了一定困难，尤其对专业英语词汇的理解和把握，传统的教学方法目前不可能有效达到专业英语教学的要求和目的，因此，探讨工业设计专业英语教学，提升教学质量，成为当前专业英语教学研究和讨论的热点[1]。
二、工业设计专业英语的教学背景及分析
专业英语是与基础英语（或通用英语）相对提出的概念，它的教学目标、教学内容和实践要求不仅仅是专注语法、语句即课文的分析，而是重在将语言运用和语言交流结合，既关注社会、市场和国际上对于英语人才的要求，也重视学生在将来的实际工作中的需求[2]。工业设计专业英语在本科教育过程中的重要性以及必要性主要体现在以下几个方面。1.随着我国工业设计专业和学科的发展，引进、引用、借鉴国外的资料、技术以及教学方法和教学内容不断增加和日趋明显。开设双语教学成为常态化，在教学中，英文专业书以及国外英文原版教材、专著和资料已经被广泛用作教学或者参考资料。2.工业设计专业的毕业生步入社会之后，在参加项目设计、产品构思、工作管理，以及其他技术工作中，越来越多地接触英文专业文献及资料，在设计和构思中也大量参考和受启发于国外设计概念、设计思路、设计构想以及相关的资料文献。基于以上现实情况，需要工业设计专业的毕业生具备较高的专业知识和英文水平。3.许多本科生毕业后继续攻读硕士或者博士，他们从事的研究工作处于本专业前沿，在向国际刊物投稿、进行国际间交流的过程中，需要具有一定的外文阅读、学习能力，并能够对专业英语的内容进行准确分析和掌握。所以设计专业的学生不仅要掌握基础英语，而且要掌握一定的专业英语。
三、工业设计专业英语的教学现状分析
1.目前我国理工类院校对于专业英语的教学还处在探索和研究阶段。过去高校将英语教学重点放在基础英语上，强调提高大学英语四、六级通过率，并将此作为重要的考核指标，而将专业英语仅仅作为基础英语的简单“延伸扩展”，重点在于对基础英语教学模式的研究探讨和分析，忽视专业英语教学成效。2.目前我国工业设计专业英语的教学过程中，学校、老师和学生对专业英语的重视程度有待加强，对专业英语的认识还有待提高，在专业英语的学习方式、方法和理念方面有待进一步改进。比如，采用大课堂教学的方法；对于课程设计、课程开发、课程实施等需求有待提升。在工业设计专业英语教学设置的合理性方面、教材内容的规范性方面、师资力量的.提高程度等方面，有很多值得探讨的问题。而采用基础英语教学方法进行专业英语教学可能是当前最为突出的教学问题。3.在上专业英语课时，学生已经进入专业课学习，且课程较多，压力也大，这样易导致学生把专业英语当做负担；此外由于工业设计专业英语内容较单一、专业背景较浓厚，文章形式和风格较呆板和枯燥，而且工业设计专业英语词汇较难、句子较难、汉语表达较难，从而使得学生感到有压力，学习较吃力，这种状况对于培养学生的学习兴趣和积极性较为不利。4.教学中以教师为中心。教师带领学生从学习生词到解释语法难点，再进行重点文句翻译。使学生处于被动学习地位，学生参与课堂讨论交流的机会和氛围少，师生之间很少互动和交流，教学中一般侧重于专业词汇的解释和课文阅读及英译中的训练，而忽略了听力和用英语表达专业概念的训练。“听、说、读、写、译”的训练不均衡，学生口语差、发音不规范、听力弱等现象普遍存在。5.目前大多数专业英语的考试形式是翻译专业文献，有些利用查阅资料和字典进行开卷考试，这种考核方式不仅形式和内容单一，内容覆盖面窄，而且也导致了学生容易轻视专业英语的学习。而反观基础英语的考核方式，如四、六级考试包括听、写、阅读等，甚至还有口语考试，专业英语的考核方式值得进一步改革。6.师资情况。工业设计专业英语教师较少来自具有本专业知识且英语水平较好的教师，绝大部分属于教授基础英语的教师。虽然基础英语教学是专业英语教学的基础，但是相比较于专业英语教师，基础英语教师英文功底扎实，对于专业英语教学中的基础部分有有利的一面；但工业设计的专业词句以及在专业领域的含义，需要有较好的专业基础知识的支撑。因此，具有专业知识背景同时又有基础英语教学能力的教师，是工业设计专业英语较为理想的授课教师[3]。
四、工业设计英语教学改革、措施和方法
1.在工业设计专业英语教学中，通过词汇记忆、短语练习和英语对话提高课堂的趣味性和实效的同时，需要通过一些新的教学理念、教学方法和英文专业资料，结合多媒体等教学方式，达到有效的教学目的。2.采用微课程教学模式进行教学方法的改进，在教学课堂中，通过微课程计划、设计、开发、执行、实施等微细步骤。以“微课程”为中心，围绕和引导学生在课程的安排和整体方面，灵活地进行专业英语学习，促进工业设计专业英语教学的趣味性、素质性、逻辑性、专业性、现实性[4]。3.研究工业设计专业英语课堂模式以及应用，有针对性地对学生的学习方式进行改善，并促使他们养成自学的好习惯，提升素质教学。结合当前采用大课堂教学的方式，多利用多媒体、微课程、翻转课堂等新型的教学模式，以满足现代信息化教学需求。4.工业设计专业英语教学难度较大，专业知识较为复杂，在英语课堂教学实践中，通过移动互联网促使学生在课程学习中变被动为主动，转变学习的思维方法，提升自身学习的能力和素质。5.在改进教学方式和方法的过程中，结合实际情况，对学生加强实训和交流，加深他们对课程内容更深层次的理解。例如，到外企或者有国际背景的企业，进行实地的考察、参观、实习等，通过这样循序渐进的实训教学，改善和纠正学生不重视专业英语学习的思想，使他们认识到专业英语学习的重要性，激发他们的学习动力。6.采用量化评估，考核学习效果，提高教学和学习质量。针对具体的工程应用问题和有关实践以及专业领域要求，进行教学体系的评估、教学内容的更新、教学方法的改进、教学质量的提高。设置对工业设计专业英语教学模式内容的考核项目及研究。7.提高教师的专业知识和专业技能。有目的、有计划、有选择地进行专业英语教师的选拨、培养和提高，不仅在基础英语方面，而且在专业英语方面提高教师的素质和水平，加强具有专业知识背景的教师在基础英语方面的培养和学习。8.科学的考核体系。课程学习的考核是检查教学效果、督促学生学习的一种重要手段，其目的是提高专业英语的教学水平和教学质量，所以要制定行之有效、合理的课程考核体系。专业英语的考核应该以专业英语综合能力、翻译、单词、英文专业术语等为主要考核内容，采用“四位一体”的考核方法，平时考查与期中测试相结合，闭卷与开卷相结合，平时成绩与期末考试相结合，基础知识与专业应用知识相结合的考核法。
五、结语
在科技不断进步、社会快速发展、“一带一路”倡议深入推进实施、国际交流日益频繁的当今社会，工业设计专业英语的教学要以培养学生的专业语言、交流、沟通和应用能力为目标，培养出能够适应当前以及未来工业设计工程领域工作需求的优秀的科技型创新人才，提高我国在国际上地位和作用。这也是我们今后努力的目标。
参考文献：
[1]廖莉芳,秦傲松.专业英语教学现状调查报告[J].外语界,2000,(3):26-30.
[2]曹万林,李振泉,刘晓慧,李宗泳.大工程教育背景下提高本科教育质量的新措施[J].北京教育,2008,(1):39-40.
[3]廖志豪.基于素质模型的高校创新型科技人才培养研究[D].华东师范大学,2012.
[4]孙伟民.以实践教学为载体培养学生的工程意识和工程设计能力[J].中国高等教育,2006,(9):46-47.
论文的题目是论文不可分割的有机组成部分,而论文的主要内容一般在题目中就可反映出来。下面是我带来的关于工业设计类论文题目的内容，欢迎阅读参考!
1. 城市住宅整体厨房的规划设计研究
2. 上下肢主被动康复器的设计及人机工程学研究
3. 基于人机工程学的自动售药机的设计
4. 铁路客车设施设计新探讨
5. S180中老年人手机人性化设计研究
6. 宏茂科技的机床产品造型设计与研究
7. 安徽滁州卷烟厂自动化物流系统规划设计
8. 南京工业大学材料化学工程中心实验楼方案设计
9. 烟草工业企业业主方工程项目管理信息系统的分析与设计
10. 基于可用性工程理论的工业产品设计程序应用研究
11. 中航工业规划建设工程项目设计团队绩效考核改进及应用研究
12. 工业厂区自动消防系统工程的设计
13. 昆明卷烟厂成品库物流调度系统分析与设计
14. 形状混合的理论与应用研究
15. 论“对的设计”与“好的设计”
16. 工业设计中材料的可持续性应用研究
17. 工作室教学模式在高校工业设计专业的应用研究
18. 叉车座椅的工业设计研究
1. 基于工业设计的产品动作美学的研究与实践
2. 工业设计产品虚拟设计平台研究
3. 绿色光源LED产业转型下的工业设计
4. 湖南省工业设计现状及发展战略研究
5. 工业设计草图的多义性及团队设计中的草图重释
6. “健康工业设计”理念及其在办公环境中的应用研究
7. 医用平移推车造型及其侧倾机构的工业设计应用与研究
8. 工业设计理论在数控机床外观造型设计中的应用研究
9. 我国中小型制造企业的工业设计及其管理与协作系统研究
10. 现代工业设计在企业中的推广运用研究
11. 园林机械的设计研究—草坪切割机的改进研究性设计
12. 手柄的人的因素分析与研究
13. 面向家用健身器材的人机工程理论分析与研究
14. 数控机床设计中的人机工程界面研究
15. 敏捷制造环境下虚拟设计中心及其支撑平台的研究
16. 我国出口类农机设计策略研究
17. 多功能车的产品语意研究与应用
18. DALI住宅照明系统的工业设计
19. 数控机床的造型设计研究
20. 基于人机工程学的高铁自助售票机设计研究
21. 电动汽车形态设计的研究
22. 论工业设计在自动化立体仓库中的应用
1. 协调的艺术——现代工业设计的新角色
2. 中国深圳第八届“中国(深圳)国际工业设计周”盛大登场
3. 工业设计大师荣久庵宪司在日本逝世
4. 论设计素描在工业设计教学中的应用
5. 论建筑设计与工业设计之间差异性与互溶性见解
6. 工业设计是企业发展基石
7. 低碳经济背景下湖南工业设计社会伦理研究
8. 中国传统文化与工业设计
9. 工业设计史课程教学探析
10. 高职工业设计专业与模具专业共生建设探究
11. 机床辅机产品工业设计及改善策略
12. 浅析2015届各大高校工业设计展
13. 行为管理学在工业设计中的应用研究
14. 探析现代工业设计的审美体验
15. 为工业设计撑起保护伞
16. 工业设计专业高职和本科教育衔接一体的人才培养研究
17. 地方性本科院校工业设计专业“产学研”教学模式研究
18. 项目教学法在工业设计专业教学中的实践
19. 工业设计理念在农机产品设计中的应用
20. 信息化背景下交互设计在工业设计中的应用
21. 中兴通讯刀片服务器获中国工业设计红星奖
22. 工业设计中的设计管理研究
第17 卷第4 期 皮 革 科 学 与 工 程 Vol117 ,No142007 年8 月L EATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Aug1 2007Artical ID :1004 - 7964 (2007) 04 - 0003 - 06Received Date :20072052213 P. Mokrejs :Corresponding author. Phone N°: + 420 57 603 1230 ;Fax N°: + 420 57 603 1563 ;e2mail :mokrejs @f t . utb. c2Recycling Technology for Waste Tanning LiquorsP. Mok rejs1 3, D. J anacova2 ,M. Mladek1 , K. Kolomaz nik2 , F. L angmaier1 ,V . V asek2(1. Tomas B ata University , Faculty of Technology , Department of Protein and Leather , 275 , 762 72 Zlin, The Czech Republic ;2. Tomas B ata University , Faculty ofA p plied Inf ormatics , Institute of Processing Cont rol and A p plied Computer Science ,N ad S t ranemi 4511 , 760 05 Zlin, The Czech Republic)Abstract :Tannery belongs to typical indust rial branches which during t he technological processp roduce considerable quantities of liquid and solid wastes cont ributing to polluting t he environ2ment . The presented work describes dechromation of waste tanning liquor utilising chrome sludgep roduced t hrough enzymatic hydrolysis of chrome2tanned leat her wastes. The principle of dechro2mation consist s in sorption of chrome f rom waste liquor af ter tanning to chrome sludge. Recy2cling technology is characterised by an almost 99 % efficiency , simplicity and low investment re2quirement words :solid waste ;liquid waste ;chrome sludge ;waste tanning liquor ;chrome recoveryCLC number :X 794 Document code :A鞣制废液的循环技术摘 要:制革属于典型的工业分支,制革工业中会产生大量的污染环境的废液和废固。该论文利用铬鞣革废物的酶法水解用铬污泥除去鞣制废液中的铬。除去铬的原理是鞣后的铬污泥从废液中吸收铬。该循环技术回收率可达99 % ,操作简单、成本低廉。关键词:固体废弃物;液体废弃物;铬污泥;鞣制废液;铬回收1 INTRODUCTIONThe tanning indust ry p rocesses wastes of themeat indust ry , raw hides , and t ransforms t hemt hrough chemical , chemico2p hysical and mechani2cal processes into leather s. During t he technologi2cal process , solid and liquid wastes arise which ,particularly as a consequence of t he cont rover sialchrome t hey contain , burden the environment .Processing one met ric ton of raw hide produces ap2prox. 200 kg finished leat her . About 30 , 000 kgwastewaters arise through processing and moret han 70 % chrome passes into liquid and solidwastes [1 ] .In classic tanning , approx. 40 % chrome (t hestarting charge of 15 - 17 kg Cr / t ) remains inleat her , 26 % - 30 % chrome passes into solidwastes and 30 % - 34 % chrome remains in liquidwastes. In t he tanning of hides using technologicalprocedures ensuring high removal of chrome com2pounds by white hide , 54 % - 57 % chrome remains© 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. leat her , 31 % - 38 % chrome passes into solidwastes and 5 % - 15 % remains in liquid wastes [2 ] .For modifying t he tanning process , organic acids ,e. g. are used , which cont ribute to improving theremoval of chrome . 1 Liquid wasteManufacture of chrome2tanned leat hers pro2duces 115 - 2 times quantities of wastewater s t hanmanufact ure of vegetable2tanned leat her s [3 ] . Los2ses of chrome compounds in waste tanning liquor smay be prevented in several ways. The simplestapproach is the direct recycling method consistingin re2using exhausted liquor in t he tanning main shortcoming of t his method is a negativeeffect of salt s and other contaminating substanceson quality of finished leather . Af ter being recycledseveral times , wastewater has to be discharged intosewage [4 ] . Anot her potential met hod is indirectrecycling , in which chrome is obtained f rom ex2hausted sludge t hrough precipitation using a suit2able alkaline agent , e. g. sodium hydroxide , sodi2um carbonate , sodium hydrogen carbonate , mag2nesium oxide , calcium sulp hate , calcium hydroxide[5 ] . A f urt her met hod consist s in employing elabo2rate techniques , e. g. elect ro2dialysis , membraneseparation , ion exchangers , wit h which chromemay be separated f rom ot her salt s contained in ex2hausted sludge. Chrome thus obtained is character2ised by much higher p urity than that obtainedt hrough indirect recycling. Disadvantages are ahigh cost and limited po ssibilities of applying t hesedemanding technologies in tanning factories [ 4 ] .Unutilised chrome in liquid wastes , apartf rom significant economic losses for tanneries , al soposes great hazard for t he environment and forman. The most stable and most important oxida2tion state is Cr ( III) . Compounds of Cr (VI) occurin t he form of chromates and dichromates and ex2hibit quite st rong oxidative properties [6 ] .Chrome is found in liquid tanning wastes in it st rivalent form , there exist s , however , potentialdanger of it s oxidising to hexavalent compounds ,particularly when t reating groundwater s to drink2ing waters. Hexavalent compounds , when com2bined wit h calcium or magnesium ions , are st rong2ly carcinogenic[7 , 8 ] .An extensive research exploring negativeeffect s of tanning wastewaters f rom local tannerieson t he adjacent ecosystem was conducted in Indi2a[9 ] . Highest level s of chrome contained in soilwere found in t he vicinity of tanneries , at g/ kg. Highest chrome accumulation was ob2served in cauliflower stalks (72 mg/ kg) in locali2ties near tanneries. In st udies investigating Cr ac2cumulation in fish organs it was found t hat mostchrome accumulates in t he liver (approx. 22 mg/kg) and least in muscles (approx. 1 mg/ kg) . Thepo ssible t ransfer of hazardous Cr doses into t hefood chain and consequently to human beings ist hus quite Sol id wasteTannery processing al so produces a considera2ble quantity of solid chrome2tanned wastes whichpresent a significant problem due to t heir chromecontent . The problem of solid wastes has beensolved so far by land filling which , of course , be2side ever increasing land filling co st s al so bringst he danger of chrome escaping into t he to t heir containing a sizeable proportion ofprotein material , solid tanned wastes started to beprocessed. Enzymatic hydrolysis has being em2ployed to considerable extent in latest year s , wit hit s particular advantages being mild reaction condi2tions and economic cost2effectiveness [10 , 11 ] . Themain product of enzymatic hydrolysis is collagenhydrolysate , whose application possibilities arebroad , e. g. as feed additive , nit rogenous fertili2ser , raw material for preparing adhesives , corro2sion inhibitor s , etc. The remaining waste productaf ter enzymatic hydrolysis (chrome sludge) has notyet found lucrative application. It s employment ,due to chrome content , has not been much adoptedfor preparing combined tanning bat of the presented work is potential use4 皮革科学与工程 第17 卷© 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. t he waste product af ter enzymatic hydrolysis ofchrome2tanned solid wastes (chrome sludge) for i2solating chrome compounds f rom waste tanningliquor MATERIALS AND METHODSSolid was determined according to ISO 4684[12 ] , ash according to ISO 4047 : 1998[13 ] , nit rogenaccording to ISO 5397 : 1984 [14 ] , Cr2 O3 accordingto ISO 5398 [ 15 ] , Cr according to ISO 9174 : 1998[16 ] and Mg according to ASTM D511203 [ 17 ] .Chrome sludge is a waste product of enzymatichydrolysis of chrome2tanned solid waste and it scomposition is given in Tab. 1. Typical composi2tion of chrome2tanned solid waste is given in Composition of chrome sludge1)表1 铬污泥成份Parameter ValueTS/ % 1614Ash/ % 3410N / % 114Cr2O3 / % 1215MgO / % 1115 1) based on total solidsTab12 Composition of chrome2tanned solid waste1)表2 铬鞣革固体废弃物成份Parameter ValueTS/ % 6911Ash/ % 1019N/ % 2011Cr2O3 / % 415 1) based on total solidsTab13 Composition of waste tanning liquor表3 鞣制废液成份Parameter ValueTS/ % 718Ash/ %1) 8713N/ %1) 018Cr/ (mg/ kg) 1 ,769Mg/ (mg/ kg) 693p H 412colour blue2green 1) based on total solidsWaste tanning liquor was obtained f rom tan2ning of cowhides and it s composition is presentedin Tab. experimental part was divided into twopart s. The fir st part contained five selected massratio s of chrome sludge ∶ waste liquor and threevarious dechromation times , see Table 4. Practicaldechromation was performed under laboratory con2ditions by stirring chrome sludge with waste tan2ning liquor at room temperat ure in accordance wit ht he scheme shown in Fig. 1. Af ter dechromation ,t he heterogeneous mixt ure was cent rif uged. A partof supernatant was analysed for Cr content . Theinvestigated object in view was quantity of residualchrome in waste tanning liquor af ter second part of test s followed up result s ofwaste liquor dechromation efficiency in t he first ex2perimental part . The mass ratio of chrome sludge∶waste liquor producing greatest dechromation ef2ficiency was selected and a series of test s per2formed to t he p urpo se of st udying dechromation re2action 1 Scheme of dechromation of waste tanning liquor图1 鞣制废液的脱铬流程3 RESULTSTest s and dechromation result s at variousmass ratios of chrome sludge ∶waste liquor and va2rious dechromation times are shown in t hen shows dechromation result s at mass ra2tio of chrome sludge ∶waste liquor = 1 ∶1 and va2rious dechromation times. Each test was performedt hreefold and arit hmetic mean calculated , standarddeviation ranged wit hin ±5 %.第4 期 P. Mokrejs ,et al :Recycling Technology for Waste Tanning Liquors 5© 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. Dechromation results of waste tanning liquor at mass ratios of Cr sludge/ waste liq. and dechromation times表4 铬污泥与废液不同质量比以及不同脱铬时间条件下鞣制废液的脱铬结果( g)sludge :liquort/ minIn2processpHCr liq. /( mg/ kg)Eff iciency/ %1 7114 ∶50 30 6134 - 7108 807 54142 90 190 89123 180 116 93154 20183 ∶50 30 6195 - 7148 146 91175 90 58 96176 180 33 98117 35171 ∶50 30 7121 - 7168 53 97108 90 33 98119 180 36 981010 50 ∶50 30 7130 - 7190 24 981711 90 23 981712 180 17 991013 70 ∶50 30 7148 - 8102 41 971714 90 32 981215 180 79 9516 1) Starting content of chrome in waste tanning liquor = 1769 mg/ kgTab1 5 Dechromation results of waste tanning liquor andtimes1)表5 铬污泥与废液质量比为1 ∶1 不同脱铬时间条件下鞣制废液的脱铬结果 minIn processpHCr liq./ ( mg/ kg)Eff iciency/ %1 4 7120 - 7133 438 75122 8 7127 - 7145 351 80123 12 7151 - 7189 299 83114 16 7176 - 7194 230 87105 20 7180 - 7191 206 88146 24 7181 - 7194 200 88177 28 7181 - 7196 139 92118 32 7182 - 7199 43 97169 36 7188 - 8103 32 981210 40 7190 - 8104 19 981911 60 7186 - 8106 28 981412 80 7187 - 8107 22 981813 100 7180 - 8111 35 9810 1) Starting content of chrome in waste tanning liquor =1769 mg/ kg ;mass ratio of chrome sludge ∶waste liquor = 1∶1Figure 2 shows column plot s representing re2sidual chrome content in waste tanning liquor af tert he dechromation procedure at various chromesludge ∶waste liquor ratios and various dechroma2tion times. With a mass ratio of 1 ∶7 af ter 30 mindechromation , a drop of chrome in liquor exceeding50 % was found , af ter 180 min the dechromationefficiency was greatest . Wit h a ratio of 1 ∶214 ,t he tendency of chrome content in liquor to de2crease wit h time was at it s greatest , residualchrome content in liquor coming down to 3314 ppmwhich represent s dechromation efficiency exceeding98 %. Wit h a ratio of 1 ∶114 t he tendency ofchrome decrease is similar , when t he greatest dropof chrome content in liquor was already recordedaf ter 90 min of dechromation ( to 3312 mg/ kg) .Wit h a ratio of 1 ∶1 , lowest level s of residualchrome in liquor were already at tained in 30 min ofdechromation app rox. 24 mg/ kg , representing al2most 99 % dechromation efficiency. A f urt her in2crease in dechromation times produced but negli2gibly decreased chrome content in liquor . Wit h aratio of 114 ∶1 , t he greatest drop of chrome con2tent in liquor was recorded af ter 90 min dechroma2tion. Fig13 shows dechromation kinetics of wastetanning liquor at mass ratio of chrome sludge ∶waste liquor = 1 ∶1 and various dechromationtimes. From result s it is obvious t hat af ter 40 min6 皮革科学与工程 第17 卷© 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. chrome content in waste tanning liq2uor decreased to approx. 20 mg/ kg , which com2pared wit h starting content of chrome in waste tan2ning liquor ( 1769 mg/ kg) signifies almost 99 %chrome removal efficiency. Further increases indechromation time did not show in markedly in2creased chrome removal efficiency , and values ofresidual chrome content in slurry fluct uated be2tween 20 and 35 mg/ DISCUSSIONDuring past decades , a t ransfer occurred of anotable part of tanning plant s f rom economicallyadvanced west European count ries to developingcount ries and to count ries of t he Asian continent .In latest year s , however , t he environmental loadproduced by t hese plant s became unsustainable andintensive negotiations on resolving t he mat ter gotunder way. When rest ructuring existing and con2st ructing new tanning plant s , issues coming partic2ularly under consideration are solid and liquidwastes containing chrome. Contamination ofgroundwater s wit h liquid wastes containing chromeis obvious. Release of chrome f rom solid wastes第4 期 P. Mokrejs ,et al :Recycling Technology for Waste Tanning Liquors 7© 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. proceed particularly t hrough elution by rainwith great hazard of groundwater danger of Cr ( III) oxidising to Cr (VI) was al2ready mentioned in t he fir st part of this cont result s showed t he solid waste product ,chrome sludge , may be successf ully employed to i2solate chrome f rom waste tanning liquors , and t hatwith an efficiency of app rox. 99 %. The advanta2ges of recycling technology may primarily comprisesimplicity and low demand for investment cost s ,which make it ideally applicable when recyclingwaste tanning liquor s especially in tanning plant sin t he developing of chrome2enriched sludge remainsan open issue. A feasible alternative is it s combus2tion and separation of chrome , which may be used ,e. g. in pigment manufacture. A particular compli2cation is presented by accompanying magnesium ,which is undesirable for t hese applications. Isola2ting magnesium f rom chrome sludge will be subjectof a following research. Employment of chrome2enriched sludge for p reparing f resh tanning bathsal so remains an open CONCLUSIONRecycling technology developed for removingchrome f rom waste tanning liquors wit h applicationof waste chrome sludge achieves almost 99 % effi2ciency. Dechromed waste liquor represent s a mini2mal load on t he environment . Chrome2enrichedsludge , following isolation of ot her accompanyingelement s (especially magnesium and calcium) com2plicating it s f urther processing , could serve to pre2pare pigment s. Result s of experimental measure2ment s and an elaborated mat hematical model of re2cycling technology will serve to propose an algo2rit hm of enclosed dechromation cycle cont rol whichwill be t he subject of pilot2plant test : The aut hors would like tot hank to The Minist ry of Education of The CzechRep ublic for financial support to t his work execu2ted under MSM Grant No : :[1 ] Process technology for recovery and recycling of chromi2um f rom leather waste and sludge , BLC , EV5VO542(1994 1996) .[2 ] Ludvik J . Chrome balance in leather processing [ J ] .UNIDO , US/ RAS/ 92/ 120/ 11 - 51 (2000) .[3 ] Mladek M ,et al . Leather indust ry waste t reatment [M] .State Technical Literature Publishing , Prague ( 1971) :261 - 265.[4 ] Rajamani S. A system for recovery and reuse of chromi2um f rom spent tanning liquor using magnesium oxide andsulphuric acid[J ] . UNIDO (2003) .[ 5 ] Covington A D , Sykes R L , Barlow J R , et al. A practi2cal chrome recovery system using magnesium oxide[J ] . JSoc Leather Technol Chem ,1985 , (69) :166 - 174.[6 ]Cotton F , Wilkinson G. Advanced Inorganic Chemist ry( A Comprehensive Text ) [ M ] . Academia , Prague(1973) . 788 - 803.[7 ] Hartford W H. Proceedings Chromium Symposium [J ] .Indust rial Health , Foundation , Pitt sburg (1989) .[8 ]Vijayalakshm R . A Study of the interaction of Cr ( III)complexes and their selective binding with B2DNA. Amolecular modelling approach[J ] . J Biom St ruc Dynam ,2002 (19) :1063 - 1072.[9 ] Chattopadhyay B. The environmental impact of wastechromium of tannery agglomerates in the east Calcuttawetland ecosystem[J ] . J Soc Leather Technol Chem ,2000(84) :94 - 100.[ 10 ] Cabeza L F. Isolation of protein product s f rom chromi2um2containing leather waste using two consecutive en2zymes and purification of final chromium product : Pilotplant studies [ J ] . J Soc Leather Technol Chem , 1999(83) :14 - 19.[11 ] Langmaier F. Product s of enzymatic decomposition ofchrome2tanned leather waste [J ] . J Soc Leather TechnolChem , 1999 (83) :187 - 195.[12 ] ISO 4684 , Determination of volatile matter.[ 13 ] ISO 4047 : 1998 , Determination of sulphated total ashand sulphated water insoluble ash.[14 ] ISO 5397 : 1984 , Determination of nit rogen and hidesubstance.[15 ] ISO 5398 , Determination of chromic oxide.[16 ] ISO 9174 :1998 , Water quality 2 Determination of chro2mium 2 Atomic absorption spect romet ric methods.[17 ]ASTM D511 - 03 , Standard test methods for calciumand magnesium in 皮革科学与工程 第17 卷© 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
家具毕业论文题目
你是不是要找家具毕业论文题目，以下是我为大家整理的关于家具毕业论文题目，仅供大家参考！
一、浅谈人机工程学在家具设计中的作用
二、基于生态文明建设下秸秆家具设计的创新训练
三、探讨中国家具装饰纹样演变
四、意必吉祥的清式家具装饰纹样分析
五、探析竹文化对现代家具设计的影响
六、SOHO办公家具的多功能化设计研究
七、基于感性工学与价值工程的家具设计评价
八、满族传统民居建筑中家具的研究
九、信息技术与家具专业课程整合模式的探讨
十、基于人体工程学的家具造型设计
十一、探讨纸质家具设计和家具材料的创新
十二、造型元素在家具设计中的情感表达
十三、基于儿童心理特征的幼儿家具设计原则探析
十四、室内空间设计与定制家具的关系探析
十五、从整体厨房家具造型设计看包装的创意设计
十六、论先秦美学思想对现代家具审美的启示
十七、儿童家具的可持续设计研究
十八、家具意象的认知机制研究
十九、基于家具余料利用方向的木质文化产品的分析
二十、中国家具创意产业艺术价值与构建核心竞争力对策研究
二十一、户外家具用遮篷的质量标准研究
二十二、明式家具结构造型的摄影表现分析
二十三、家具白乳胶中苯系物含量测定
二十四、明式家具的审美特征与现代中式家具设计
二十五、旧家具可持续生命周期设计探索
二十六、互联网时代的家具产品设计创新方法
二十七、软体家具在设计中的制造工艺研究
二十八、城市定制家具市场现状与发展前景分析
二十九、试论绿色家具产品设计概念的创新
三十、板式家具运输包装设计研究与探讨
三十一、以人为本理念下家具产品设计研究
三十二、智能家居对现代家具设计的影响探究
三十三、现代青少年家具的设计方向研究
三十四、浅论基于传统文化符号的当代家具设计
三十五、定制家具产品规划管理
三十六、高职院校家具设计专业课程实践教学模块的研究
三十七、寝室小家具设计浅谈
三十八、废旧木家具回收性能评估体系的构建与分析
三十九、试论明式家具榫卯结构的艺术之美
四十、壮族传统装饰元素在现代新材料家具中的应用研究
四十一、茶室设计中的明式家具与文人情怀
四十二、家具造型方法研究
四十三、明朝家具的设计及艺术特色
四十四、家具适应性设计在公租房空间的应用探议
四十五、浴室柜类家具质量水平研究及风险监测
四十六、多功能书房古典家具的创新设计
四十七、多功能新古典家具设计
四十八、漆艺镶嵌工艺在家具设计中的作用
四十九、气相色谱法测定木家具中五氯苯酚的含量
五十、中国传统色彩在现代室内及家具设计中的应用
五十一、家具中有害物质来源及标准化研究
五十二、明式罗汉床元素在现代家具中的表现
五十三、基于JSP和MYSQL家具销售网站的设计
五十四、高职家具专业微课程建设对专业建设的影响
五十五、家具设计评价中的功能与成本分析
五十六、简析文人对明代家具的影响
五十七、地域文化差异影响下的家具设计
五十八、废旧家具再利用研究
五十九、家具行业现状及质量状况分析
六十、3PL家具物流金融风险评价
六十一、汉代与魏晋南北朝时期的家具在绘画中的体现
六十二、我国家具行业电子商务物流的应用模式
六十三、智能化家具形态包装的创新研究
六十四、基于工业设计的原竹家具造型研究
六十五、木制家具表面装饰层及其检验
六十六、城市家具对城市形象的显现与影响
六十七、家具的可拆卸性及其设计研究
六十八、软体家具中软垫物的形态与配置探讨
六十九、家具设计教学的有效性研究
七十、谈室内家具设计与绿色生态的结合
七十一、浅谈现代家具设计材料的色彩美
七十二、试析家具设计中龙凤图案的装饰艺术
七十三、家具设计教学中学生创造性思维的培养
七十四、明式家具设计中虚实相生意境美的体现
七十五、物联网时代的智能儿童家具设计浅析
七十六、对现代家具把手设计要素的'再思考
七十七、家具设计中的环境因素研究
七十八、木工测量对家具生产与制造的影响
七十九、城市户外家具及其审美研究
八十、浅谈室内家具与陈设设计
八十一、家具的民族审美研究
八十二、关于室内设计风格与家具造型的相关性研究
八十三、初探家具对室内装饰风格的影响
八十四、基于符号学理论的家具意象构建研究
八十五、试分析现代红木家具的榫卯结形式
八十六、城市家具的趣味性设计探析
八十七、明式家具雕刻装饰图像与人文意义研究
八十八、基于物联网技术小户型组合家具的研究
八十九、基于多功能理念的厨房家具设计
九十、多功能家具的设计理念及设计方法
九十一、探讨明代家具的类型及用材内涵
九十二、从传统徽派家具看当代地域特色生态家具的设计开发
九十三、面料翻新旧家具效果与工艺探究
九十四、逆向工程方法在家具复杂零件曲面设计中的应用
九十五、对红木家具表面打磨处理的对比分析
九十六、基于有限元法的刚性结构家具框架仿真分析
九十七、浅析木家具表面漆膜的理化性能
九十八、基于秸秆板的板木家具关键制造工艺研究
九十九、养老院社交区域的家具设计研究
一百、轻量化拆组式绿色家居设计探索--以瓦楞板家具设计为例
一百〇一、中国历代古典家具风格特点探析
一百〇二、敦煌壁画中的唐代家具探析--以高榻为例
一百〇三、中国明清家具装饰纹样的研究
一百〇四、乡村家具设计的地域性文化思考
一百〇五、针对儿童家具设计的安全性研究
一百〇六、中国传统红木家具的创新与发展研究
一百〇七、老年人家具的造型设计与原则的研究
一百〇八、虚拟现实技术在室内及家具设计中的应用研究
一百〇九、浅析红木家具结构工艺与装饰工艺
一百一十、可视化木家具生产车间全程监控系统的构建
一百一十一、实木框架异型家具构件封边技术
工业设计毕业设计开题报告
工业设计，简称ID。指以工学、美学、经济学为基础对工业产品进行设计。我为你整理了工业设计毕业设计开题报告，希望对你有所参考帮助。
一、选题的意义与目的：
当今的玩具业已经迈进了前所未有的繁荣时期,幼儿的早期教育也受到越来越多家长的关注与重视,对于益智玩具就具有很更高的要求与更新的意义,因此,幼儿益智玩具的设计研究就具备现实与理论的必要性。在中国市场上玩具产品已经发展多年，数量庞大，种类也比较齐全，但缺少创新。特别地在互动方面，现在的玩具产品还是比较缺失，很多玩具都是小孩一个人玩的，极少有能与小朋友或者父母一起互动的玩具。而，2-3岁的宝宝是最需要父母引导或者能有自己的小伙伴一起玩的，这样他们获得的乐趣将远远大于自己一个人玩耍的乐趣，在对事物了解或者性格培养等方面也能更好的培养。多玩迷宫玩具就是一款以互动为主题创新设计的益智玩具。它以各种故事为背景，在家长或者伙伴的陪同下一起闯荡迷宫，极具互动性和可以玩性。它具有多种模式，不管是一个人还是和父母还是和几个伙伴，都可以玩。它能给孩子了解各种各样的故事背景，在闯荡迷宫时培养孩子的选择判断能力提高孩子的逻辑思维，在玩耍的过程中提高孩子的注意力和动手能力等。能给宝宝的发展带来各方面的锻炼和提高。
二、文献综述：
儿童益智玩具兴起于最近十几年，它拥有相当长的历史。按益智玩具制作工艺和材料分类，益智玩具的发展分为传统阶段和现代阶段。在传统阶段，益智玩具以传统的手工艺为技术基础，用简单的材料制作而成。随着社会生产力的发展，现代科技手段融入益智玩具当中，益智玩具发展也就进入了现代阶段。在现代阶段，现代科学技术被人类所利用，人们从空间、节奏、视觉等智力方面进行设计研究，设计出有助于儿童创造思维能力发展的益智玩具。随着我们生活水平的提高，家长们对孩子的智力培养的逐步重视，益智类玩具深受家长的欢迎，儿童益智玩具消费也越来越高。现在，我国很多新夫妇只能拥有一个孩子，他们把希望都寄托在孩子身上，希望孩子能接受好的教育使儿童益智玩具市场快速发展。儿童玩具设计应遵循的几个设计原则。
1、安全性原则
儿童益智玩具的安全性体现在儿童正常使用玩具的过程中，不受到来自玩具方面的任何伤害，即使在无意识中进行了错误的操作，也能将伤害降到最低限度，从而保证儿童的安全。现在，每对夫妻只有一个孩子，孩子是父母的希望和寄托，他们的健康和安全吸引着所有家庭成员的关注，由于一些儿童益智玩具结构设计的不合理性导致儿童受到伤害。因此，儿童益智玩具的安全性对于孩子和家长显得十分重要。活泼好动是儿童的天性，同时儿童不能精准地控制身体，他们的感官系统发育还不是很成熟，并且没有自我保护意识，他们将面对很多的安全性问题。儿童益智玩具可能存在诸多安全问题，如剌伤、夹伤等安全问题。所以设计师在设计儿童益智玩具时，应选用环保、耐用的材料，设计出对儿童健康有益的儿童玩具。儿童玩具的外部结构要无尖角，多使用整体结构，减少玩具表面洞、眼的造型设计，并确保零件之间的牢固性，避免零件脱落，让儿童意外的吞食。儿童益智玩具的配件尺寸不宜过小，并且禁止设计食品模样或带有食品气味的玩具，这样可以有效地降低儿童误食或误插入口的概率。
设计师在设计儿童玩具时，对玩具操作作一些限制，避免儿童误操作给儿童带来伤害。例如采用物理结构约束方法，同时还要为使用者提供使用说明，这些可以帮助家长正确引导儿童安全地使用玩具。
2、益智性原则
益儿童益智玩具的益智性表现在开发儿童智力、创造力等潜能方面。玩具的主要功能是供儿童娱乐，儿童在玩中获得快乐，同时儿童获得知识和生活技能。现今，家长越来越重视儿童智力发展，随着儿童年龄增加，儿童的能力也得到了不断提高。儿童有较强的模仿学习能力，普通的玩具不再能满足他们的需求，玩具也从单纯的娱乐性向多功能性转化，学习和教育功能的儿童益智玩具的必备功能，设计必须把它列入重点考虑对象。如果设计者设计出的儿童益智玩具能得到使用者喜爱，并让还在获得快乐，同时有助于而的智力发展，这类儿童益智玩具必能获得家长的认可。儿童益智玩具要能够开发儿童的早期智力，有利于儿童的思维能力和创造能力的培养，同时也能促进孩子的大脑发育，有助于孩子的感官能力和思维能力的发展，孩子的好奇心也能得到满足。儿童益智玩具激发儿童学习的兴趣，掌握知识和生活技能。儿童在玩玩具的过程中，需要肢体的配合，这能很好地训练儿童的身体协调，有助于儿童完善他们的精细动作。
3、互动性原则
就儿童益智玩具的互动性体现在参与、互动，带给儿童身体和心理上的满足。儿童喜欢模仿，好玩，好客，合群，具有超凡的想象力，他们喜欢参加集体的`游戏，在活动中他们表现很积极。设计师要熟知儿童的这种心理特点，设计出具有较强互动性的儿童益智玩具，可以更好地调动他们的积极性，让他们更加投入游戏中，体验互动带来的乐趣。通过带有互动性的玩具使人与人之间产生互动，父母和孩子可以通过玩具进行互动交流，这样可以有助于形成良好的家庭生活氛围，培养孩子的语言能力和交往能力。让孩子经常参加亲子互动活动，孩子喜欢父母在身边，可以更好的让孩子感受到父母的关爱。带有互动性的儿童玩具还有很多，如角色扮演游戏，孩子们带着面具，进行角色表演，可以让儿童体验角色的社会身份，了解他们身份的社会意义。儿童在游戏中，他们需要与人交流，这可以训练儿童的思维能力和语言表达能力。儿童在参加活动游戏中，要全身心地投入其中，使他们体验生活，参与生活，成为生活的主人，这都有助于儿童智力的发展，也培养他们交往能力，促使儿童良好性格的完善。
三、儿童玩具设计现状
儿童益智玩具有着广阔的消费市场，由于城乡收入水平的不同，使得我国有着不同档次和品种的儿童益智玩具，让人们有更多的选择空间。根据SMR调查表明，随着我国城乡居民生活水平的提高，家长将越来越重视对儿童的教育问题，他们对孩子智力开发投入很大金钱。而玩具可以很好开发儿童智力，因此儿童益智玩具迎合了家长们的心理需求，他们希望自已的孩子成龙成凤。在玩具市场快速发展的同时，中国内地玩具市场功能单一、造型刻板、无差异、无个性的低端经营状态显露无疑，传统玩具越来越不能满足孩子和家长的消费需求，而欧美市场中儿童玩具的教育性和智能化趋势发展迅猛，玩具智能化成为玩具行业新潮流。将开发儿童潜能、启迪儿童智力、能巧妙地结合在一起，因此玩、教融为一体的潜能开发玩具一枝独秀，深受众多家长和儿童的青睐。
四、设计思路
通过对市场上现有产品和消费者的调查研究，针对中国市场现有儿童益智玩具的缺失或不足之处进行创新设计，设计一款能促进儿童与父母交互，培养儿童智力，品性等的益智玩具。2-3岁的宝宝已经有自己想法对新世界的奇特充满好奇并且有一定的思考能力。在生活上热衷于模仿父母长辈的动作行为。所以此阶段的儿童最需要的是父母或者伙伴的陪同，互动。在互动过程中他们通过参照，模仿同伴或者父母的行动，声音等从而快速的获得各类成长的知识。本产品设计就是从儿童玩具市场在互动方面的不足出发，创新设计一款互动性的益智玩具。玩具有多种模式，游戏中父母与小孩各自扮演不同角色，在迷宫中闯荡。儿童在玩的过程中不但能获得各类成长知识还能与父母伙伴发生情感交流，增强他们之间的感情联系！
五、论文提纲
（一）题目：多玩迷宫玩具设计
（二）关键词：儿童、益智、玩具，创新设计
（三）儿童益智玩具调研
儿童益智玩具市场调查
儿童益智玩具的设计原则
（四）设计方案
使用对象
功能定位
形态定位
（五）设计评价
（六）总结
六、进度安排
－.针对项目情况进行调研
开展现状资料调研工作。利用约三周时间进行调研和现状资料整理工作，绘制关于现状情况的各类分析图，并由此推出设计方向和重点从而确定自己设计主题。
－设计方案初稿
主题确定后开始构思，初稿以手绘方式进行，内容以总平面和平面布局方案为主。老师对初稿提出修改意见，并提出二稿要求。
－设计方案二稿及审查
二稿以计算机绘制，内容应包括方案的全部图纸，布图和格式可暂不考虑。老师对二稿提出修改意见，并提出终稿要求。
20xx－设计方案终稿
终稿以计算机绘制，内容应包括方案的全部图纸，布图和格式已基本确定。对终稿修改，并期间去定做展示所需展示材料。
－终设计文本、展板、模型
对设计方案作最后调整，并完成最终设计成果，做成实体模型。
－打印输出、完成展示效果
将电脑稿打印输出，对作品进行排版布局，以及展台布置，完成最终展示效果。
七、参考文献
[1]潘丽萍.寻找适合孩子成长的路径——访中国多元智能教育协会理事长张开冰[J].山西教育，2006年，1期
[2]张军强.儿童的美术教育[J].新视觉艺术，2009年，3期
[3]王文斌.文献题名[D].体验性儿童玩具设计应用研究[D].浙江：浙江理工大学，2009.
[4]于晓燕.在教育游戏中开发儿童的多元智能[J].信息技术，2009年，7期[5]王喜海.正确认识儿童和儿童生活[J].幼儿教育，2003年，7期
[6]吴玉树.儿童玩具的艺术教育功能:武汉理工大学硕士学位论文库
[7]许政涛.幼儿园游戏与玩具.北京：北京师范大学出版社，2001
[8]丁海东.学前游戏论.济南：山东人民出版社，2001
[9]钱玲娟.玩具伴孩子健康成长.北京：人民卫生出版社，2000
[10]靳桂芳.玩具设计个性化要求及相关问题.天津轻工业学院学报，2003
[11]孟海、徐秋枫.影响儿童玩具设计的因素.河南轻工业高等专科学校学报，2000
[12]鲁道夫·谢弗、王莉.儿童心理学.电子工业出版社,2010
[13]黛安娜帕帕拉、陈福美.孩子的世界:0-3岁儿童心理百科.人民邮电出版社,2011
[14]李斌.玩具与儿童.合肥工业大学出版社,20xx
一、选题的依据及课题的意义
选题的依据：现如今，在这个人口已经达到66亿的地球上，它承载着大多的压力。是地球给了我们生命，而现在随着世界各地的经济发展需求，地球的整个生态平衡已经遭到了人类严重的破坏。像近几年来，全球的气候逐渐变暖，极端天气频繁出现。归根结底，这些都是因为我们人类肆意的砍伐森林、汽车的尾气排放以及焚烧化石矿物质所排出来的二氧化碳等原因造成的。无疑，这样肆无忌惮地破坏环境，人类将会受到地球的惩罚的。为此，我选择以“保护环境”为主题，创作flash作品，以此呼吁人类保护环境，爱护我们共同的家园。
课题的意义：在处于发展中的我国，虽然对一些森林砍伐、汽车节能减排在政策上有一些节制，但是还是有很多人钻法律空子，为谋求利益，私自对森林肆意砍伐。这些都是我们不想看到的。如果想要彻底根治这些不良行为，必须得加大宣传力度，让每个人心里面都谨记那些不良行为所带来的灾难。而这，也正是我想做的，通过用flash制作出来的生动、逼真的画面来警示人们二氧化碳带来的危害，并呼吁人们携起手来共同保护环境。
二、研究概况及发展趋势综述
在“保护环境”这部公益短片中，会运用到Flash里很多常用的表现方法。例如：简化主题、循环法、再加工法等。我们着重讨论一下循环法的灵活运用，这是我们最经常用到的一种表现方法。打个比方，树上的树叶在树上不停的晃来晃去的。详细的制作方法为：首先，新建一个影片剪辑元件，在第一帧插入一个关键帧然后将树跟树叶都绘制出来，然后在第三帧跟第五帧都分别插入关键帧，选择第三帧，将要移动的树叶调整移动位置的中间帧，接着在第五帧上继续对树叶进行移动，在完成对树叶飘动的动作后，分别在第二帧跟第四帧创建补间动画，树叶在飘动元件就制作完成了。这种循环法在本次创作的短片中会运用到很多地方，它不但能使人感觉树的生机勃勃，更能使你联想翩翩，还不会让人感觉画面的僵硬没生机。
近几年来，各个国家都在不断的对保护地球环境加大宣传力度，以达到实现全人类对各类环保概念的认识和学习。但我们都知道，宣传是离不开影视宣传的，当然，我们所学的动画，也是影视宣传的一类。而且在我们平时的生活中，动画宣传片占到了很重的比例。
Flash动画宣传片的制作不需要很多的人力、物力以及太多的资金投入，而且跟相同的影视制作要廉价很多，所产生的效果那也是不一样的。用FLASH制作的宣传短片，生动形象，容易给人留下深刻的印象。
三、研究内容及实验方案
本课题主要研究的内容是Flash动画在环境保护公益广告中的运用以及作用，由于现阶段全球在掀起一股保护生态环境热，所以选择公益广告《保护环境》作为创作主题。
在创作过程中，综合运用滤镜、遮罩、帧的灵活切换以及脚本的使用，分别对它们进行分析并实践。
在场景的设计中，在色彩以及造型的创作上，会创作出给人一种难忘的物体，使作品更有感染力、吸引力，以达到最佳宣传的效果。
在整个方案中，有一个完整的步骤，现在正进行到对一些资料的收集，以及对它进行一系列的分析，下一步还会收集一些优秀的Flash公益宣传片进行学习跟探讨，然后再把整个收集好的资料跟好的宣传片进行整理、分类等，从而更好的为这个主题进行研究。
四、目标、主要特色及工作进度
目标：
完成公益广告《保护环境》的设计与制作，并希望能够起到人类对保护生态自然环境的警觉，能让大家都能用内心来保护我们的地球。使得地球成为一个绿色地球，而不是一个失去生态平衡的地球。
主要特色；
在通过对整个过程以及作品的研究后，所创作出来的公益广告，其在叙事结构上会有很大的突破，在剧本方面，会通过翻阅一些资料以及文献，并在里面找到一些创作灵感，使其保护环境的主题更容易让人理解，而且不缺幽默。在技术上，我会用很充足的时间来做，它定会是一个一眼难忘的作品。
工作进度：
20xx年xx月-20xx年xx月，阅读文献，观看作品，完成开题报告。
20xx年x月-20xx年x月，剧本创作，并根据剧本绘制分镜头台本。
20xx年x月下旬-20xx年x月下旬，运用技术进行毕业设计作品创作。
20xx年x月下旬20xx年x月上旬，完善作品，送交审阅。
在一篇论文中，引用参考文献论证自己的观点或者理念是十分必要的。下面是我带来的关于的内容，欢迎阅读参考! 一 [1]刘瑞江，张业旺，闻崇炜，汤建.正交试验设计和分析方法研究[J].实验技术与管理，2010. [2]刘胧，汤佳懿，高静.基于感性工学工作流程的汽车内饰设计研究[J].现代制造工程，2010,11:37-38. [3]朱燕元.正交试验设计在柴油机试验研究中的应用[J].武汉造船武汉造船工程学会会刊.19906：44-49 [4]占园.正交试验与AHP评价在健身车感性设计中的应用研究[D].秦皇岛：燕山大学，2013:39-43. [5]马宁.基于感性工学的农业机械装备的设计研究[J].农机化研究，2010. [6]潘旭辉.某舰炮转弹机非线性结构动力学分析及优化设计[D].江苏科技大学学位论文，2011:48-51. [7]日朝昌直已，林品章等译.艺术设计的色彩构成[M],台北：龙溪图书，1999. [8]刘佳.面向维修的飞机总体布置设计技术研究[D].南京：南京航空航天大学，2010:3-10. [9]叶祖达，梁俊强，李巨集军等.我国绿色建筑的经济考虑--成本效益实证分析[J].动感生态城市与绿色建筑，2011,12:13. [10]顾智原，马莉，张林强，雷雨春，高海涛.玉米剥皮机部件的改进[J].农业工程，20124：55-57. 二 [1]刘熙瑞.服务型 *** --经济全球化背景下中国 *** 改革的目标选择[J].中国行政管理，2002,7:5-7. [2]候玉兰.论建设服务型 *** ：内涵及意义[J].前沿论坛，2003,23：16-17. [3]范逢春.我国地方 *** 建设服务型 *** 述论[J].安徽大学学报哲学社会科学版，2004,4：76-80. [4]孙友祥.公民治理视角下的公共服务型 *** 建设[J].国家行政学院学报，2009,5，40-41. [5]贺培育.新行政文化与服务型 *** 建设[J]新视野，2008,7：56-58. [6]周鸿.顾客导向型理念视角下的服务型 *** 建设[J].山东行政学院学报，2009,12：19-21. [7]张康之.限制 *** 规模的理念[J]人文杂志，2001,3：55-60. [8]孙红英.新公共管理理论借鉴与 *** 治理转变[J],法制与社会，2007,03，42-44. [9]刘文华.分析与比较：行政改革与地方治理[M].北京：中国社会文献出版社，2007,03：332-351. [10]吴玉宗.服务型 *** ：缘起和前景[J].社会科学研究，2004,3：10-13. 三 [1]李贵军.店面实景1000例.吉林：吉林美术出版社， [2]高迪国际出版有限公司.商业展示设计.大连：大连理工大学出版社， [3]凤凰空间.华南编辑部，区扬.软装配饰手册.江苏：江苏人民出版社， [4]建筑设计资料集编委会.建筑设计.建筑设计资料集.1994,1:5~168 [5]YIDAO.空间设计杂志.display&space,2013,1:8~188 [6]YIDAO.空间设计杂志.display& [7]Choi'sGallery.设计杂志.ExhibitionDesign2,2012,2:32~278 [8]优秀作品集. [9]海军.设计成功.设计管理，2014,13:3~173 [10]香港视界国际出版有限公司.国际展台设计.香港：香港视界国际出版有限公司，
一、英语语言学毕业论文题目： 1、中西语言方式对比 2、 词汇学 3、 近代英语语言的衍变 二、 英语语言学课程由三个知识模块组成:理论启蒙、基础理论、研究方法。理论启蒙模块内容涉及英语的词汇知识、语音知识、语法知识、修辞知识、语体知识
英语语言学论文题目参考：A Study of Chinglish in Translation of Public Signs公示语翻译中的中式英语现象研究。 扩展资料 A Study of Chinglish in Translation of Public Signs公示语翻译中的.中式英语现象研究、The Application of Intertexuality in Advertising Translation互文性在广告翻译中的应用等。
英语语言学论文题目有浅谈英汉句子结构差异、英汉否定问句的答句对比研究等。 扩展资料 英语语言学论文题目有很多，比如浅谈英汉句子结构差异、英汉否定问句的`答句对比研究、英汉否定问句的答句对比研究、汉英色彩词汇的对比研究及其象征意义等。
题目不要太大，也不要太小，太大了面太广容易泛泛，小了就无材料可查，没东西可写。写你熟悉的 资料好查的 参考
论文的题目是论文不可分割的有机组成部分,而论文的主要内容一般在题目中就可反映出来。下面是我带来的关于工业设计类论文题目的内容，欢迎阅读参考!
1. 城市住宅整体厨房的规划设计研究
2. 上下肢主被动康复器的设计及人机工程学研究
3. 基于人机工程学的自动售药机的设计
4. 铁路客车设施设计新探讨
5. S180中老年人手机人性化设计研究
6. 宏茂科技的机床产品造型设计与研究
7. 安徽滁州卷烟厂自动化物流系统规划设计
8. 南京工业大学材料化学工程中心实验楼方案设计
9. 烟草工业企业业主方工程项目管理信息系统的分析与设计
10. 基于可用性工程理论的工业产品设计程序应用研究
11. 中航工业规划建设工程项目设计团队绩效考核改进及应用研究
12. 工业厂区自动消防系统工程的设计
13. 昆明卷烟厂成品库物流调度系统分析与设计
14. 形状混合的理论与应用研究
15. 论“对的设计”与“好的设计”
16. 工业设计中材料的可持续性应用研究
17. 工作室教学模式在高校工业设计专业的应用研究
18. 叉车座椅的工业设计研究
1. 基于工业设计的产品动作美学的研究与实践
2. 工业设计产品虚拟设计平台研究
3. 绿色光源LED产业转型下的工业设计
4. 湖南省工业设计现状及发展战略研究
5. 工业设计草图的多义性及团队设计中的草图重释
6. “健康工业设计”理念及其在办公环境中的应用研究
7. 医用平移推车造型及其侧倾机构的工业设计应用与研究
8. 工业设计理论在数控机床外观造型设计中的应用研究
9. 我国中小型制造企业的工业设计及其管理与协作系统研究
10. 现代工业设计在企业中的推广运用研究
11. 园林机械的设计研究—草坪切割机的改进研究性设计
12. 手柄的人的因素分析与研究
13. 面向家用健身器材的人机工程理论分析与研究
14. 数控机床设计中的人机工程界面研究
15. 敏捷制造环境下虚拟设计中心及其支撑平台的研究
16. 我国出口类农机设计策略研究
17. 多功能车的产品语意研究与应用
18. DALI住宅照明系统的工业设计
19. 数控机床的造型设计研究
20. 基于人机工程学的高铁自助售票机设计研究
21. 电动汽车形态设计的研究
22. 论工业设计在自动化立体仓库中的应用
1. 协调的艺术——现代工业设计的新角色
2. 中国深圳第八届“中国(深圳)国际工业设计周”盛大登场
3. 工业设计大师荣久庵宪司在日本逝世
4. 论设计素描在工业设计教学中的应用
5. 论建筑设计与工业设计之间差异性与互溶性见解
6. 工业设计是企业发展基石
7. 低碳经济背景下湖南工业设计社会伦理研究
8. 中国传统文化与工业设计
9. 工业设计史课程教学探析
10. 高职工业设计专业与模具专业共生建设探究
11. 机床辅机产品工业设计及改善策略
12. 浅析2015届各大高校工业设计展
13. 行为管理学在工业设计中的应用研究
14. 探析现代工业设计的审美体验
15. 为工业设计撑起保护伞
16. 工业设计专业高职和本科教育衔接一体的人才培养研究
17. 地方性本科院校工业设计专业“产学研”教学模式研究
18. 项目教学法在工业设计专业教学中的实践
19. 工业设计理念在农机产品设计中的应用
20. 信息化背景下交互设计在工业设计中的应用
21. 中兴通讯刀片服务器获中国工业设计红星奖
22. 工业设计中的设计管理研究
工业设计 Industrial Design designIndustrial design is an applied art whereby the aesthetics and usability of products may be improved for marketability and production. The role of an Industrial Designer is to create and execute design solutions towards problems of engineering, usability, marketing, brand development and of industrial designGeneralIndustrial Designers are a cross between a mechanical engineer and an artist. They study both function and form, and the connection between product and the user. They do not design the gears or motors that make machines move, or the circuits that control the movement. And usually, they partner with engineers and marketers, to identify and fulfill needs, wants and Depth"Industrial Design (ID) is the professional service of creating and developing concepts and specifications that optimize the function, value and appearance of products and systems for the mutual benefit of both user and manufacturer." According to the IDSA (Industrial Design Society of America)Design, itself, is often difficult to define to non-designers because the meaning accepted by the design community is not one made of words. Instead, the definition is created as a result of acquiring a critical framework for the analysis and creation of artifacts. One of the many accepted (but intentionally unspecific) definitions of design originates from Carnegie Mellon's School of Design, "Design is the process of taking something from its existing state and moving it to a preferred state". This applies to new artifacts, whose existing state is undefined and previously created artifacts, whose state stands to be to the (Chartered Society of Designers) design is a force that delivers innovation that in turn has exploited creativity. Their design framework known as the Design Genetic Matrix (TM) determines a set of competences in 4 key genes that are identified to define the make up of designers and communicate to a wide audience what they do. Within these genes the designer demonstrates the core competences of a designer and specific competences determine the designer as an 'industrial designer'. This is normally within the context of delivering innovation in the form of a three dimensional product that is produced in quantity. However the definition also extends to products that have been produced using an industrial process. Industrial design is rapidly becoming an obsolete term as 'products' can now be industrially produced as 'one-offs' by the use of Rapid Prototyping Machines. In a post-industrial era and with the emergence of strategic design definitions such as this are incumbering designers and the advancement of design to the ICSID, (International Council of Societies of Industrial Design) "Design is a creative activity whose aim is to establish the multi-faceted qualities of objects, processes, services and their systems in whole life-cycles. Therefore, design is the central factor of innovative humanization of technologies and the crucial factor of cultural and economic of designAlthough the process of design may be considered 'creative', many analytical processes also take place. In fact, many industrial designers often use various design methodologies in their creative process. Some of the processes that are commonly used are user research, sketching, comparative product research, model making, prototyping and testing. These processes can be chronological, or as best defined by the designers and/or other team members. Industrial Designers often utilize 3D software, Computer-aided industrial design and CAD programs to move from concept to production. Product characteristics specified by the industrial designer may include the overall form of the object, the location of details with respect to one another, colors, texture, sounds, and aspects concerning the use of the product ergonomics. Additionally the industrial designer may specify aspects concerning the production process, choice of materials and the way the product is presented to the consumer at the point of sale. The use of industrial designers in a product development process may lead to added values by improved usability, lowered production costs and more appealing products. However, some classic industrial designs are considered as much works of art as works of engineering: the iPod, Coke bottle, and VW Beetle are frequently-cited design has no focus on technical concepts, products and processes. In addition to considering aesthetics, usability, and ergonomics, it can also encompass the engineering of objects, usefulness as well as usability, market placement, and other concerns such as seduction, psychology, desire, and the sexual or affectionate attachment of the user to the object. These values and accompanying aspects on which industrial design is based can vary, both between different schools of thought and among practicing design and industrial design can overlap into the fields of user interface design, information design and interaction design. Various schools of industrial design and/or product design may specialize in one of these aspects, ranging from pure art colleges (product styling) to mixed programs of engineering and design, to related disciplines like exhibit design and interior used to describe a technically competent product designer or industrial designer is the term Industrial Design Engineer. The Cyclone vacuum cleaner inventor James Dyson for example could be considered to be in this category (see his autobiography Against The Odds, Pub Thomson 2002).Industrial design rightsIndustrial design rights are intellectual property rights that make exclusive the visual design of objects that are not purely utilitarian. An industrial design consists of the creation of a shape, configuration or composition of pattern or color, or combination of pattern and color in three dimensional form containing aesthetic value. An industrial design can be a two- or three-dimensional pattern used to produce a product, industrial commodity or handicraft. Under the Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of Industrial Designs, a WIPO-administered treaty, a procedure for an international registration exists. An applicant can file for a single international deposit with WIPO or with the national office in a country party to the treaty. The design will then be protected in as many member countries of the treaty as desired.
先说汽车，这东西要做就肯定是做概念设计，所以很容易做出吸引眼球的效果，可以天马行空毫无顾忌，怎么科幻怎么来。把你见过的，听过的，想象的科技都加上去也没问题。再表现一下对环保、节能之类的主流趋势的关注就基本ok。论文也可以写得跟科幻小说似的，阐述一些对未来汽车工业的展望，及其未来交通工具和人类社会的关系什么的，当然也免不了说一点汽车的发展史。问题在于模型，普通的手板厂做汽车模型不一定nb，恐怕你想要的效果出不来，费半天劲全白瞎，真nb的价钱就不好说了。家具，两方面，一个是品味，一个是创意，看你想怎么做了。现在国际上顶级家具品牌都是玩品味的，往奢侈品方向上走，说句实在话，咱哥们做那东西还不够道行。往创意方面靠就得费点脑子了，关键在于你的东西必须要有好的新的使用方式，还不能让人觉得似曾相识。还有个问题，家具不象汽车那么科幻，这是很实际的东西，老师们也就会更关注可实现性，所以你就得摸清它的加工工艺，能告诉你们老师你的东西可以如何生产出来。论文可以偏重生活方式，从人的角度来进行阐述，要显得你不仅是设计了一个家具，而是设计了一种新的生活方式。楼上的兄弟说得不错，家具做出来效果很强大，而且你找手板厂或者家具厂应该都能做。不过万一你做的是个大家伙，那价钱估计也不低，你不一定非做1：1的吧？产品的话种类太多，也不知道你们能做哪种。不过这也是做产品的优势：什么东西都能叫做产品。产品设计的关键就在于，你的设计得有强硬的背景，就是说，这创意不是你拍脑子想出来的，它得有存在的理由。这跟汽车和家具又不一样，它是人们在消费在使用的东西，他的改进必须是有效的服务于人的。那你就得清楚现在这种产品的消费和使用状态，有什么缺陷或者可以改进的地方和功能。这样才能有足够的理由说服答辩的老师，你的设计是有意义有来历是经过详细调研分析的。当然你得真的去调研分析。论文基本就可以以调研做基础，讲讲这个产品的发展，讲讲人们的使用，讲讲人们未来对该产品的需求和你的设计在未来的拓展之类。小产品模型好做，也容易出效果，也不会很贵。还有就是做模型的时候别以为交给手板厂就完事了，你得盯着，这帮家伙有时候挺不靠谱的，到时候还跟你耍赖。说好什么效果就得做出什么效果，说做不出来就得让他们明明白白的告诉你为什么出不来，不能含糊。你也得多少知道点做手板的工艺和价格，别让人蒙了。三个方向我的想法都放这了，要我说，没个容易的。到底怎么选还是要你自己拿主意。还是那句话，别想着偷懒，老师也不是傻子，下没下功夫能看出来。
你好，同行！我也在写，按照我们指导老师的要求是要与设计有关的，题目不易定的太大，太大就不容易写的深入。比如可以谈谈后现代主义的某个流派什么的。希望我们继续交流，共同完成论文！