The Analysis of the Professional Leon(此文是这个杀手不太冷的影评) The Meaning of Life—Hope The Professional Leon which is directed by Luc Besson is an attractive and affecting movie. It is a story about a professional killer and a 14-year-old girl. In my opinion, this film reflects the influence of hope in people’s lives. Life is a magic thing. It is like a thick forest and when we walk through it, we need hope to lead us. Hope can change one’s mind. Hope can change one’s life.The first reason is the change between the settings from the beginning to the end. The film began with the oppressive cityscapes: roads, streets, alleys and then the screen turned dark. They are the characteristics of Film Noir. Besides, the protagonist Leon appeared from a black shot which is a special close-up. In addition, the following shot are fighting in some rooms. The whole beginning leads to a mood of cold and oppression. However, at the end of the film is a scene of orphanage. The sunshine illuminated the trees and the grass. The scene is bright and warm. Then the shot got far and far. This showed that life was going on and the sunshine brought us hope to live. The world turned peace again, and the mood turned soft and cozy. Therefore, the change of the beginning and the end showed the dark had gone and everyone got their hope. In this film, there is a symbol of hope-Leon’s evergreen. It ran through the whole film. The protagonist Leon, at fist, was a typical killer who was skillful and cold. The evergreen for him is the hope of life. It meant Leon’s valuable memory-the girl he loved. Everyday he cleaned the leaves of the evergreen carefully. He thought the evergreen was quiet and happy, so he took care of it as his most valuable thing. Actually, he lived in his memory and what he must protect is the hope-evergreen. For Leon, there was no meaning of the reality until he met the girl –Mathilda. When the girl implored Leon to open the door, he hesitated. Yes, of course. It was because everything would change since he opened the door. Actually, Leon was a simple, kind and attentive man who was not good at express himself. We can know that from watching old movie and ironing clothes. After accepting the girl, Leon chose the responsibility in his heart. His life changed because his hope changed. His living purpose was to protect the girl and revenge on Stan. Furthermore, his good-side was stimulated by the girl’s love. They were interdependent as a special relationship. I fact, Leon was not a killer any more since he met Mathilda. He was a real man. Another hope is reflected by Mathilda’s attitude of life. Mathilda’s family was inharmonious. She couldn’t feel love in this family, so she became unyielding and mature at an early age. She hated her relatives except her little brother. If she didn’t met Leon, her life would be out of imagination. When Leon opened the door, a light shone on Mathilda. This light of life is a symbol of change. Since she lived with Leon, she felt care from Leon, and she fell in love with him. She wanted to be with him forever. The hope of her life is Leon. She took care of their“home”and took care of him. When Leon ordered her go, she was in agony. She knew that she wouldn’t see him again. She was afraid that the hope of life would disappear. At last, she planted the evergreen near the orphanage, and the evergreen became her hope. She got a new view of this world, and she would cherish the memory of Leon who saved her life and soul. This story is a fairy tale of killer. The killer managed to protect his hope as the expanse of his life, whereas he died in comfort. Maybe, there is another dark world concealed near us. However, it is because the shine of hope has not illuminated it. And the meaning of life is the process of seeking hope.
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四、 必要的修养
通过上面的讲解，相信大家会有这样一个认识：对一部影片的剧作分析必须建立在一定的修养之上。
首先，你必须有相当的看片量。一个人如果加起来总共没看过几部影片，就无法展开一部影片与其它影片的比较并对这部影片做出正确的分析了。保证一定的看片量才能了解最新的和全面的电影创作动态和现象，也才能将一部影片放置在大的创作背景和环境下来考察。例如一篇分析《沙鸥》的文章这样说：
“尽管《沙鸥》这部影片在今天的观众眼中看来各个方面都显得幼稚了，但它在中国电影史上占有特殊位置是必须肯定的。从某种意义上说，我们可以把它看作是中国第四代电影导演的发端之作，是书写在银幕上的宣言。因此，当我们立足于今天对这部影片进行评论的时候，考证它对中国电影的发展所起到的作用就比单纯分析它的创作技巧重要得多了。
“‘四人帮’粉碎以后的１９７９年到１９８０年，中国电影迎来了前所未有的创作春潮。其中，《小花》、《小街》、《苦恼人的笑》、《生活的颤音》等等一批中年导演的作品尤为引人注目。然而在热热闹闹的创作中，中国的电影人却惊讶地发现，正是‘洞中方一日，世上已千年’，由于十年动乱的耽误，中国电影已经与世界电影拉开了距离。尽管这些中年导演从外国优秀影片中学习借鉴了很多对于当时的中国电影说来还很新鲜的表现手法，例如变焦镜头的运用、时空交错式的结构、画外音、高速镜头、通俗唱法的主题歌、旋转镜头、女跑男追……等等，但是渐渐地他们就感觉到盲目地从外国电影中拿来一些皮毛无法解决中国电影亟待解决的两大问题：一个是被观众普遍指责的‘不真实’，一个便是电影语言的落后。就在这个时候，中国影坛的两个年纪已不太年轻的新人——张暖忻、李陀夫妇在《电影艺术》杂志上发表了题为《谈电影语言的现代化》一文。作者以慷慨激昂的语调呼吁国内同行向外国电影学习，加快中国的电影语言现代化的步伐。尽管今天看来，这篇文章对外国电影具体手法的罗列过于琐碎和表面化，缺少系统扎实的理论体系作为基础，但作者的热情和直率还是在那个特定的背景下激起了中国影坛的轩然大波。这篇文章被后来的人们看作是第四代中国电影导演的宣言，而文章的作者就是《沙鸥》这部影片的编导者。”
我们可以清楚地看到，作者把握《沙鸥》剧作特点的时候并没有就《沙鸥》论《沙鸥》，而是把这部影片放在了一个大的创作背景中考察，这就使文章作者得以沉浸在剧作手法的具体细节里反而“不识庐山真面目”。由此可见一个全面客观的剧作分析应该建立在对电影创作发展和现状的全面了解和全盘把握上，这就要求作者随时关注电影创作的现实和动向。
同时，我们还必须看到，作好一部影片的剧作分析没有相应的剧作理论准备也是不行的。我们来看看上面引述过的分析《沙鸥》的文章中的一个段落：
“亚里士多德在《诗学》中曾经制定过戏剧必须恪守的规律，他说：‘有人认为，情节之统一，出于只写一个人物，其实不然。因为一人的遭遇可能很多，甚或无数可计，其中有些无法统一；同样，一人的行为可能甚多，其中有些不能构成一件行为。’据此，他认定，只提写‘一个人’是不能保证情节完整性的，必须提‘一件事’。中国清代戏剧家李渔持有同样的观点：‘后人作传奇，但知为一人而作，不知为一事而作。尽此一人所行之事，逐节铺陈，又如散金碎玉，以作零出则可，谓之全本，则为断线之珠，无梁之屋。’可是《沙鸥》要打破的偏偏就是这条戒律。在影片中，沙鸥的行为虽然依旧是统一的——努力奋斗，夺取金牌，但是影片却没有拘囿于一个单一事件。也许，作者可以把时空和情节框定在最后一次出国比赛上，然后再依据亚里士多德的法则有层次地展开这个事件。但是这似乎不合《沙鸥》作者的意，他们更关注的就是沙鸥这个人，关注她的人生经历和内心情感。而在全片之中，构成情节纲索的不是一件具体的事件，而是沙鸥人生中一段漫长而艰难的历程。在这段历程中发生了大大小小很多的事件，例如‘吃牛肉’、‘看病’、‘出国比赛’、‘参加婚礼’、‘失去男友’、‘瘫痪’、‘当教练’……所有这些小小的事件就象珍珠一样构成了情节项链，而将它们串结在一起的则是沙鸥那漫长的人生历程线。这样的做法固然似乎不如以一桩激烈的外部事件为情节主线来得热闹，但却更加贴近生活，更加使人关注人物性格的发展和深刻的生活内涵。比起今天的影片，也许这养的尝试算不得什么，但比起传统的中国电影，也许它还真就有些‘生活流’的味道了。”
在这个分析段落中，我们可以看出作者对剧作理论的充分了解。唯其如此，他才能头头是道地对这部影片的情节特点进行分析，从而指出它在情节和结构方面对传统的突破。所以，有志于提高自己对一部影片剧作的分析能力的朋友一定要花一些功夫来全面地学习包括戏剧剧作理论在内的剧作理论。
五、 教材和参考资料
有的朋友会问：“电影评论和您说的电影剧作分析有什么不同？”其实在对一部影片进行评价褒贬方面是一样的，不同的是影片分析不仅要指出这部影片哪些地方处理得好，而哪些地方处理得不好，还要进一步分析出出现这些情况的原因所在。所以，多读通常发表在杂志上的影评对学习影片分析的技巧是会有好处的。但我们如果不满足于对一部影片的表面现象说长道短，就应该深入地阅读和学习一些必要的剧作理论著作。现在，我就向朋友们推荐一些初级的读物：
1、亚里士多德《诗学》：这是本剧作经典理论。今天的很多电影剧作理论和电影创作现象都可以寻本朔源到这一著作中，因此为学习剧作理论者不可不读的一本书；
2、李渔《闲情偶寄》中的“词曲部”：虽然这是中国较早的（晚清）剧作理论著作，但它却十分英明地总结出了传统戏剧创作的所有重要的规律，因此被制定为北京电影学院学生的必读书目；
3、夏衍《写电影剧本的几个问题》：不要小看这本薄薄的小书，它对新中国成立以来的电影创作的影响力是不可低估的，它是长久以来普及中国电影教育的基础教材，通俗易懂并富有实践性；
