Abstract: This paper describes the electronic technology in the automotive power train, chassis, integrated and coordinated integrated control, network bus technology, information system platform, intelligent vehicles, intelligent transportation and the application of new energy vehicles, showing the electronic automotive products, information , networking and intelligent trends. Described electronic control technology and information technology in the automotive application, focusing on electronic and information technology in the automotive information, intelligence, network control of the application and development trends. Specify the information technology and network technology used in automobiles, is the inevitable development of the information society, information society and the inevitable demand for intelligent social life. This paper introduces the modern electronic technology in the automotive application of a comprehensive and detailed description of the main principles of electronic control systems, composition and function.
Key words: automobile; e; technology; development
记得给分
(英语系毕业论文)国际商务谈判及其谈判风格
摘要
自从中国加入世界贸易组织后，国际贸易比以往任何时候都变的更加频繁。所以商务谈判技巧将会是对国际贸易很重要的工具。一次成功的交易需要几个谈判过程，第一阶段是谈判者为谈判做准备，执行最初的方法。然后，有纪律有组织的谈判计划对一个团队的成功很重要。最后，必须考虑实际的谈判行为。尤其是在国际商务谈判中，进出口贸易的支付方式和工具很重要。没有钱就无所谓交易，我们追求的是各自的利益。最流行和最安全的支付方式是惯用的不可取消的即期信用证。
在国际商务谈判的过程中，我们必须熟悉不同的谈判风格。我们要了解八个主要国家的谈判风格：美国谈判风格，德国谈判风格，法国谈判风格，英国 谈判风格，俄罗斯谈判风格，日本谈判风格，澳大利亚谈判风格，中国谈判风格。
来自不同国家的不同的有不同的价值观，习惯和态度。和不同的人用不同的策略对于谈判的成功很有必要。
关键词： 国际商务谈判 谈判者 谈判的风格 不同文化 下决定
Abstract
Since china's entrance into the WTO, international business became more frequent than ever before. Then business negotiation skills will be an important tool for the foreign trade. A successful business needs several negotiation processes; the first one is a period during which the negotiator must prepare for the negotiation, and execute the initial approach, and then the negotiation plan provides discipline and organization that can be critical to a team’s success. At last the actual conduct of the negotiation must be considered. Especially in international business negotiations, methods and tools of payment in exporting and importing are important. No money, no deal. What we pursuit is money. The most popular and a safer method of payment is by a confirmed irrevocable little of credit at sight. There are other ways of payments.
In the process of the international business negotiation we should be familiar with different negotiating styles. We have eight main countries negotiating styles: American negotiating style, German negotiating styles, French negotiating styles, British negotiating styles, Russian negotiating styles, Japanese negotiating styles, Australian negotiating styles, Chinese negotiating styles.
Different people from different countries have different values, habits, and attitude. Using appropriate strategies with different people would be necessary for a successful business.
Keywords: international business negotiations; negotiator; negotiating styles
different cultures; make decisions
CONTENTS
Abstract in Chinese………………………………….….……….....i
Abstract in English ………………………………..………………ii
1 Introduction to Negotiations……………………………………1
1.1 Impressive Behavior………………………………………………1
1.2 Punctually…………………………………………………………1
1.3 Appearance…………………………………………………………1
1.4 Enthusiasm …………………………………………………………2
1.5 Teamwork…………………………………………………………2
1.6 Respect………………………………………………………………2
2 Negotiation Process 1……………………………………………3
2.1 Forming the negotiation Team……………………………………3
Negotiation Process 2……………………………………………4
2.2 Creating the information base……………………………………4
2.3 Creditability Study………………………………………………4
2. 4 Feasibility Study……………………………………………………4
2.5 The Negotiating Brief………………………………………………5
2. 6 The Negotiating Plan………………………………………………5
3 Negotiation Process 3……………………………………………5
3.1 The Opening and Its Review………………………………………5
3.2 The Follow Up ……………………………………………………6
3.3 Identifying the Bargain……………………………………………6
3.4 Concluding the Bargain……………………………………………7
4.1 How to negotiation ……………………………………………7
4.2 Negotiation Tips……………………………………………………10
4.3 Methods and Tools of Payment in Exporting and Importing…...11
5 Different Negotiation Styles of Different Cultures…………....13
5.1American Negotiation Style……………………………………14
5.2 German Negotiating Style…………………………………………14
5.3 French Negotiating Style…………………………………………15
5.4 British Negotiating Style…………………………………………15
5.5 Russian Negotiation Style…………………………………………15
5.6 Japanese Negotiation Style ………………………………………16
5.7 Australian Negotiating Style………………………………………16
5.8 Chinese Negotiating Style…………………………………………18
(英语系毕业论文)在经济全球化下中西方文化差异与跨文化管理
摘 要
伴随着世界经济的快速增长,跨国公司的飞速发展, 全球商业活动的猛烈激增，同时伴随着在文化多样化环境下的相关管理问题的出现，跨国公司的人员必须与来自不同文化背景的人打交道，这种文化差异时而会造成误解和冲突,甚至会阻碍进一步的商务合作。
本论文目的在于引起人们对商业中跨文化问题重要性的重视。该文的论点是文化差异确实存在于商业与管理领域中，特别是东西方国家的文化差异，并且在商业活动中起到了重要作用。它在很大程度上影响到商业进程和公司的日常管理。通过细心地观察和总结，我们会发现在跨文化管理中起到辨证作用的某些规律性的模式和规则。一方面，文化差异是一种障碍，另一方面，在跨文化环境下，只有很好地掌握文化差异才有可能使其成为商务沟通和管理的桥梁。著名人类学家, 霍夫斯泰德所提出的理论贯穿全文,基于其中几个模型我们分析了上述主题。文化差异表现在很多方面，通过比较的方式，不同国家的文化差异特征显而易见，同时我们还了解到每一种文化差异都有其理论根源。
伴随着中国加入 WTO，在这种特殊挑战的巨大压力下，越来越多的商务和管理问题出现了，跨国公司的经理们不得不面临这种特殊的挑战。在最后部分，本文基于中国的传统文化，分析了当今中国企业管理的现状与特征，并提出了建议性的未来发展方式。
关键词： 文化差异； 管理； 沟通； 商业环境； 跨国公司
ABSTRACT
With the swift growth of world’s economy, the rapid development of the transnational corporation and the increasing business activities in a global scale, together with the related management in a culturally diversified environment, people in transnational corporation have to deal with those from different cultural background, which may cause the misunderstanding, sometimes even conflict or may hinder the further cooperation in the business.
This thesis is aiming at drawing people’s attention to the importance of the cross-cultural problems in business. The argument of my paper is that the cultural differences, especially the disparity between the eastern and western countries, really exist and furthermore play an important role in doing business. It will greatly influence the advancement of our business and the daily run of a company. Our careful observation and summarizing being done, we could find some regular pattern and rules which have dialectical functions in cross-cultural management. Cultural difference will not only be, on the one hand, an obstacle, but will serve as a bridge in the business communication and management in cross-cultural environment on the other hand if it would be better grasped.
The theories advanced by a famous anthropologist, Hofstede, are running through my thesis that has closely analyzed the subject based on several aspects. Through comparison, the features of cultural differences are obviously seen. So is the root of the cultural difference in each aspect.
With China’s entry into WTO, increasing problems have to be dealt with in business and management, which are under severe pressure from the special challenges that all the managers in the transnational corporations have to face. Finally, the thesis analyses the condition and character of today’s enterprise management in China on the base of the Chinese traditional culture and suggests some approaches to further improvement.
Key Words: Cultural Difference; Management; Communication; Business Environment; Transnational Corporation
Contents
1 The globalization of business 1
2 Culture theory and its function in business communication and management 2
2.1 The definition and nature of culture 2
2.2 Level of culture 3
2.2.1 National culture 3
2.2.2 Business culture 3
2.2.3 Occupational culture and organizational culture 4
3 The introduction of mainstream culture theories and their application in business dimension 5
3.1 Hofstede’s Model of National Culture applied in business area 5
3.1.1 Power distance 5
3.1.2 Uncertainty avoidance 6
3.1.3 Individualism/ Collectivism 7
3.1.4 Masculinity/ Femininity 7
3.1.5 Long-term and short-term orientation 8
3.2 Kluckhohm’s Model of value Orientations used in business area 8
3.2.1 Human nature 8
3.2.2 Relationship with nature 9
3.2.3 Time 9
3.2.4 Being/ Doing 10
4 Cultural Differences and its performance in other countries 10
4.1 Cultural Differences and Their Roots 10
4.2 From business point of view to see the Cultural differences in Sino-Western countries 13
4.2.1 Doing business in China 13
4.2.2 Doing business in America and France 14
4.2.3 Doing business in Arab countries 15
5 Cross- culture management 16
5.1Culture and Management in other countries 16
5.2Culture and Management in China 17
5.2.1 China’s background information 17
5.2.2 Managerial behavior in China 18
5.2.3 Implications for managers 19
Conclusion 21
Bibliography 22
(英语系毕业论文)文化差异在中美雇员协作中的问题分析
摘 要
全球经济一体化背景下，各国企业交流日益紧密，企业在经营管理活动中不可避免地会遇到由文化差异而引起的雇员协作问题，正确处理文化差异带来的文化冲突具有积极的现实意义。因此本文就联想并购IBM的PC与笔记本电脑部门为引，探讨了中西文化的差异性。
本文首先简要介绍霍夫斯泰德的价值维度和霍尔的高语境和低语境取向理论；再由联想并购IBM的PC事件，提出中美雇员协作中所遇到的文化冲突方面的问题；然后比较中美文化差异，分析中美雇员协作冲突的原因；最后对不同文化背景下团队成员协作过程中的问题，从掌握文化差异、多文化培训和进行文化整合建立共同价值观三方面给出具体对策及解决途径。
本文建议当处理由不同背景文化而引起的协作冲突时，要以尊重不同文化，认识文化差异，以及寻求有效的跨文化培训为基本。
关键词：中美文化； 雇员； 协作； 差异； 文化培训
Abstract
With global economic integration, companies from different countries are involved in increasingly close interchange and, unavoidably, run into the problem of culture difference in the corporation of employees and properly handling the culture collide is of positive practical significance.
In order to resolve the problems of the cooperation between the Chinese and American Employees, this paper expounds the cultural theories of Hofstede’s value Dimensions and Hall’s High/Low-Context Orientation at firstly. Then it describes Lenovo Acquire IBM’s PC Division as a particular case, and points out the problems between American and Chinese employees when they corporate in the same workplace. Through the analysis of the cause of the differences between Chinese and American cultures, it explores the reasons of the coworker interactions. Based on the concrete analysis of different cultural background, it gives correct guidance to culture conflict, so as to achieve culture harmonization and integration. The result shows that it requires cultivating common corporate values, seeking common ground and reserving differences, expanding communication channels and conducting cross-cultural training.
In the end, the author suggests that it is very important for people from different cultures to respect another culture, to realize the cultural difference, and to find effective intercultural training programs for the cross-cultural cooperation.
Key words：American & Chinese culture; employees; cooperation; differences; intercultural training programs
Contents
Introduction…………………………………………………………1
1. Rationale for the Study……………………………………………1
1. 1 Hofstede’s value Dimensions……………………………………1
1. 2 Hall’s High-Context and Low-Context Orientation…………4
2. Introduction of Lenovo’s Acquisition of IBM’s PC Division…5
2. 1 Lenovo and IBM………………………………………………5
2. 1. 1 Lenovo………………………………………………………5
2. 1. 2 IBM…………………………………………………………6
2. 1. 3 The new Lenovo——Acquisition of IBM’s PC Division……6
2. 2 The Problems for Employees in the New Lenovo……………7
2. 2. 1 Differences in Team-work value………………………………7
2. 2. 2 The relationship between employer and employees……………8
2. 2. 3 Differences in verbal style……………………………………8
3. Reasons for the Problems among Employees…………………9
3. 1 Chinese Culture and American Culture………………………9
3. 1. 1 Chinese Culture………………………………………………9
3. 1. 2 American Culture……………………………………………10
3. 2 Analysis in Details………………………………………………10
3. 2. 1 Harmonious Relationship versus Individualism………………11
3. 2. 2 Power versus Equality………………………………………13
3. 2. 3 Implicit versus Explicit Communication ……………………13
4. Solutions for the Problems among Employees ………14
4. 1 Manage Cultural Differences on Threes Distinct Levels……14
4. 2 Intercultural Training…………………………………………15
4. 2. 1 The Emergence of Intercultural Training Programs…………15
4. 2. 2 Object for Cultural Training…………………………………15
4. 2. 3 Culture Skills and Training Techniques………………………16
4. 3 Cultural Integration and value Building……………………17
4. 3. 1 Cultural Integration…………………………………………17
4. 3. 2 value Building………………………………………………17
Conclusions and Suggestions……………………………………17
Bibliography…………………………………………………………19
论文=议论文吗？中文不好，对不起！
If it is a argumentative essay you are trying to write, i suggest you use a block organization, where you discuss all of your opponents' opinions, then in one (preferably) paragraph,rebut all of their opinions in a logical manner, and present your own opinions in another paragraph.
The structure should be like this:
Intro (present opinion)
Opponents' Opinions
Rebut to Opponents' Opinions (must be logical)
Your Own Opinions
Conclusion (reveiw your own opinion)
If an argumentative essay is not what you're looking for, then discuss 2-4 points about the advantages and the disadvantages of cars in modern society. if you are for cars, discuss their disadvantges first and make their advantages sound greater and make the disadvantage sound easy to overcome, vice versa if you are against cars in modern society.
Structure
Intro (present opinion, whether you are for or against cars)
Block 1 (Advantages or disadvantages)
Block 2 (Advatages or disadvantages again, but make this sound greater and more important)
Conclusion (reveiw opinion)
这是北美（准确点是加拿大hehe）写论文的方式，希望你能在我的回答中找到所要的info。
提供一些经贸英语专业的毕业论文的题目，供参考。 1、外贸业务报价的策略分析 2、浅析答复买家的第一次询盘原则和方法 3、论外贸函电的语言特点 4、简析拟写进出口合同 5、商业英文书信所使用的词语分类浅析 6、不同交货条件下的风险及防范措施 7、应对进出口贸易中的索赔 8、浅析国际贸易中银行所起的作用 9、评析出口贸易中保险公司的作用 10、区域经济一体化对我国经济的影响 11、电子商务的发展对我国国际贸易的影响 12、加入WTO以后对我国保险业的影响 13、结合我国国有企业改革，谈谈管理层收购（MBO） 14、全球经济一体化趋势下我国的政策选择 15、绿色贸易壁垒对我国国际贸易的影响 16、加入WTO以后对我国银行体制改革的影响 17、出口导向战略与进口替代战略的政策选择 18、加入WTO以后对我国汽车工业的影响19、针对技术性贸易壁垒，我国的现实选择
汽车，即本身具有动力得以驱动，不须依轨道或电力架设，得以机动行驶之车辆。广义来说，具有四轮行驶的车辆，普遍多称为汽车。虽然，长久以来学术各界对“谁是第一位汽车发明者”皆有不同的看法及论述，未有完全一致性的看法，但是，绝大部份学者皆将德国工程师卡尔·本茨视为第一位发明者。美国人亨利·福特首先大量生产平价汽车，是使汽车得以普及化的人。
汽车（Car，卡尔·本茨发明）是一种现代交通工具，英文原译为“自动车”，在日本也称“自动车”（日本汉字中的汽车则是指我们所说的火车），其他文种也多称为“自动车”，只有在中国例外。
由动力驱动，具有四个或四个以上车轮的非轨道承载的车辆，主要用于：
——载运人员和/或货物（物品）；
——牵引载运货物（物品）的车辆或特殊用途的车辆；
——专项作业。
本术语还包括：
a）与电力线相联的车辆，如无轨电车；
b) 整车整备质量超过 400kg的不带驾驶室的三轮车辆；
c) 整车整备质量超过 600kg的带驾驶室的三轮车辆。
