标题的样式还有多种,作者可以在实践中大胆创新。
副标题和分标题
为了点明论文的研究对象、研究内容、研究目的,对总标题加以补充、解说,有的论文还可以加副标题。非凡是一些商榷性的论文,一般都有一个副标题,如在总标题下方,添上“与××商榷”之类的副标题。
另外,为了强调论文所研究的某个侧重面,也可以加副标题。如《如何看待现阶段劳动报酬的差别——也谈按劳分配中的资产阶级权利》、《开发蛋白质资源,提高蛋白质利用效率——探讨解决吃饭问题的一种发展战略》等。
设置分标题的主要目的是为了清楚地显示文章的层次。有的用文字,一般都把本层次的中心内容昭然其上;也有的用数码,仅标明“一、二、三”等的顺序,起承上启下的作用。需要注重的是:无论采用哪种形式,都要紧扣所属层次的内容,以及上文与下文的联系紧密性。
目录
一般说来,篇幅较长的毕业论文,都没有分标题。设置分标题的论文,因其内容的层次较多,整个理论体系较庞大、复杂,故通常设目录。
设置目录的目的主要是:
1.使读者能够在阅读该论文之前对全文的内容、结构有一个大致的了解,以便读者决定是读还是不读,是精读还是略读等。
2.为读者选读论文中的某个分论点时提供方便。长篇论文,除中心论点外,还有许多分论点。当读者需要进一步了解某个分论点时,就可以依靠目录而节省时间。
目录一般放置在论文正文的前面,因而是论文的导读图。要使目录真正起到导读图的作用,必须注重:
1.准确。目录必须与全文的纲目相一致。也就是说,本文的标题、分标题与目录存在着一一对应的关系。
2.清楚无误。目录应逐一标注该行目录在正文中的页码。标注页码必须清楚无误。
3.完整。目录既然是论文的导读图,因而必然要求具有完整性。也就是要求文章的各项内容,都应在目录中反映出来,不得遗漏。
目录有两种基本类型:
1.用文字表示的目录。
2.用数码表示的目录。这种目录较少见。但长篇大论,便于读者阅读,也有采用这种方式的。
English teaching on multi-level basis for Junior middle school students in countryside
The core of English Curriculum Standards is the people-oriented. Facing all students, it emphasizes the attention on individual student and the respect on individual difference. In countryside students'English are on the different levels,and meanwhile there are various difficulties under the teachers teaching process. Therefore, English teaching on multi-level basis on some degree will solve these problems. It is an advantage to higher teaching qualities from every aspect, and makes this idea reflected in countryside. English teaching on multi-level basis requires teachers compose their students to different groups, according to students'knowledge, skills and potential-oriented, and then treat them with difference. Thus, these groups,under proper policies,affect each other and make themselves well developed. This application will fully make students active in study, shift the teaching focus from "teaching" to "studying" and get students to learn how to study not just learn something well. This methodology not only will transfer teachers'teaching to students'fruitful learning activities, but also creat a courage system with harmonious and positive.
Crystal
Study on Responding Case to Public Crisis of Sanlu Milk Powder
人工翻译完毕~~
The objectivity of Ranke historiography
Author Liu Yuming, tutor: Wang Kai;
Abstract: the nineteenth Century establishment of the Rankean historiography, in be born soon became the mainstream Western historiography. The reason is that Frank shouted out "according to the facts" slogan, apply it in practice, the Rankean historiography became "science", "objective" spokesperson. Many people called objectivism historiography, known as "scientific historiography of Ranke father". However, the historiography of Ranke really equivalent to the objectivism history? It is the so-called objectivity? In this paper the objectivity of history as a blue G a simple analysis, because the data is poor, only about the objectivity of the Rankean historiography is clear that what. As for the further analysis, it is not the scope of this article.
Keywords: Ranke historiography; according to the facts; objectivity