近年来,黄石市认真贯彻落实科学发展观,按照“一主三化”的要求,深入实施“三大战略”(发展大产业、打造大园区、建设大城市),坚持用区域发展理念谋划县域经济,立足市域全局统筹县域经济,加快推进市域资源优化配置、要素共建共享,使全市经济呈现出协调并进、统筹发展的良好局面。今年1―8月份,全市规模以上工业增加值预计完成205亿元,增长25%;城镇以上固定资产投资预计完成295亿元,增长45.5%;地方一般预算收入完成20.43亿元,增长29.27%。
一、区域定位功能化
在区域竞争中,黄石市既树立武汉城市圈内“经济传动力越来越强,同城化步伐越来越快”的机遇意识,又强化“不能功能化,就会边缘化”的危机意识,千方百计确立其在国家和全省区域发展格局中的战略性功能地位。一是着力在实施国家战略上发挥示范作用。以黄石、大冶被国家列为资源枯竭转型等6个国家级试点和开发区升格为国家级经济技术开发区为契机,在“中国特色”公租房建设管理模式、工矿废弃地与建设用地增减挂钩、接续替代产业培育和地质灾害治理等方面积极探索、大胆创新,奋力将黄石建设成为全国资源枯竭转型示范城市。二是着力在产业发展上发挥引领作用。围绕“打造2个千亿元产业、培育10家百亿元大企业、发展1500家规模以上工业企业”目标,打造全国重要的特钢和铜产品精深加工基地、中部地区先进制造业基地。目前,已有2家企业进入全国500强,2家企业全国产能和销量第一,3家企业进入全国同行业前三名,4家企业进入全国同行业前十位,新引进世界500强企业7家,拥有中国名牌9个、驰名商标8件、出口名牌1个,产业竞争力明显提升。三是着力在区域发展中发挥辐射作用。依托已开工的大广和杭瑞高速、即将开工的黄咸高速、与深圳盐田港合作开发的黄石新港(物流)工业园、与新兴铸管合作开发的沿江重化工物流中心,加快建设大交通、大港口、大物流,构筑辐射鄂东南、皖西、赣北的现代物流中心和综合交通枢纽。
二、产业布局集群化
紧紧抓住国家推进产业结构调整、湖北省实施“千亿元产业计划”的机遇,大力推进产业延伸及配套,发展“八大产业”集群。一是挖潜升级强集群。围绕调结构、促转型,积极引导骨干企业提档升级、做大做强,增强产业核心竞争力。黄石市先后实施94亿元的新冶钢特种钢管和重冶锻造、16亿元的新兴管业扩建、16.8亿元的有色20万吨阴极铜改造、21亿元的中铝华中铜业高精度铜板带、30亿元的100万吨山力薄板等项目,促进特钢和铜产品精深加工产业集群发展;实施10亿元的1600万台东贝高效无氟压缩机、与比利时LVD公司合作投资6亿元的1200台(套)大型精密数控机床等项目,促进先进制造业集群发展。二是招商引资兴集群。近三年,实际利用外资88122万美元,实施了1亿美元的宝成3000万双品牌运动鞋、15亿元的合兴50万锭高档精梳纱、11.6亿元的安达5.5亿片汽车轴瓦等一批具有比较优势的汽车零部件、轻纺等项目,促进产业集群发展。三是互补发展促集群。围绕黄石市“八大产业”集群的发展,积极支持大冶市创建湖北省城乡统筹发展排头兵,阳新县创建湖北省承接产业转移、脱贫致富的示范县。在产业布局上,按照功能分区、互补发展的原则,使大冶市依托利达、合兴纺织、茂晨铝业、山力板带、武汉重冶、宏力重型数控机床等项目,形成纺织服装、新型建材、食品加工、机电制造等四大产业集群;使阳新县依托宝成制鞋制衣、安达汽配、华新“双千万吨”水泥骨料、远大制药等项目,形成轻纺、机械制造、新型建材、医药化工四大产业集群;使黄石市依托中粮、雨润、永大、劲牌、富川油脂等龙头企业,形成两个产值过百亿元的农业产业化产业集群。
三、园区开发多元化
深入落实湖北省委、省政府“两圈一带”的发展战略,着力构筑起黄石与武汉城市圈对接融合、中心城区与大冶、阳新对接融合的大园区,形成依托“一圈”(武汉城市圈)开发“一带”(黄石沿江经济带)、依托“一带”发展“三园”(黄金山工业园区、大冶城西北工业园、阳新城区工业园)、资源共享、互利共赢的发展格局,培育黄石新的经济发展增长极。一是积极探索“融合驱动”的发展模式。按照“传统产业互补、新兴产业共建、协同配套发展”的要求,积极承接武汉产业转移,先后引进武汉重冶投资20亿元在大冶灵成工业园建设特钢模具、武汉日新能源在黄金山工业园建设30兆瓦光伏发电、远大制药投资4.2亿元重组阳新富池化工等项目。近年来,黄石市与圈内城市实施重点合作产业项目30多个,总投资达60多亿元,加快了黄石融入武汉城市圈的进程。二是积极探索“托管带动”的发展模式。由黄石经济开发区对大冶市150平方公里的区域进行托管,三年多来,起步区“七通一平”基础设施基本完工,机械工业园、科技产业园等10多个投资10亿元以上的产业园相继开工,通过“托管带动”加速了黄石市区与大冶城区的对接融合,依托开发区带动县域发展的效应初步显现。三是积极探索“共建互动”的发展模式。在阳新棋盘洲新港物流园探索市县共建、利益共享机制,加快基础设施建设,着力构建区域性的物流中心,以此带动阳新、黄石港、西塞山沿江72公里经济带的发展。四是积极探索“飞地联动”的发展模式。黄石市突破行政区划,通过规划引导、税收分成等办法,推进市县联动、市区联动,积极支持黄石港、铁山到黄金山工业园区创办工业园。三年来,黄金山工业园区投入近30亿元,建成区达50平方公里;阳新城区工业园投入2亿多元,建成区达4.5平方公里;大冶城西北工业园投入20亿元,建成区达20平方公里,在2009年湖北省113个县(市)区开发区考核评比中综合排名第一。
四、城乡发展一体化
以建成区面积过百平方公里、人口过百万的区域性大城市为目标,按照统筹城乡发展的要求,推进中心市区与大冶、阳新的全面对接和融合,促进城乡一体化发展。一是推进城乡规划和建设一体化。坚持大规划的理念,按照“南向对接、东向开拓、环湖开发、沿江发展”的发展思路,着力构建“1111”市域城镇发展体系,形成以市区和大冶城区为中心、阳新城区为副中心、以10个中心镇为纽带和以100个中心村为支点的城乡一体化发展格局。一方面,以“双迎”(迎接中国黄石首届国际矿冶文化旅游节和建国、建市60周年)活动为契机,两年来共实施了217个,总投资334亿元的工商、城建、民生等项目,城市功能明显提升、宜居水平明显提高。另一方面,坚持“以工哺农、以城带乡”,按照“同城化”的要求,统筹城乡产业发展、交通设施、安全饮水、文体事业、广播电视、村镇建设等,按照重点突破、整镇整村推进的原则,建立新农村建设联系点110个。三年来,市级累计投入10多亿元,城乡一体化进程明显加快。2009年城镇化率达到50.55%,力争到2015年达到56%。二是推进交通设施一体化。着力打造外联内聚的路网体系,实施了鄂东长江大桥、大广和杭瑞高速黄石段等20多个重大交通设施项目,特别是随着武黄城际高铁和黄咸高速的开工建设,黄石承东启西、贯南通北的交通区位优势将进一步凸现;新开通和在建3条隧道,启动了3个物流中心建设,使黄石城区与大冶、阳新和长江黄金水道公铁、水陆联运实现“无缝”对接,黄石城市发展也由“环磁湖”扩展到“环大冶湖”。三是推进生态建设一体化。全面启动涵盖市域范围总投资近100亿元的生态环保项目,重点实施辖区内湖水生态、327个开山塘口和5.56万公顷石漠化荒地等修复治理项目,关停“五小”企业1000多家,建成污水处理厂5座,实施了29个、60多亿元的重大节能减排项目,城乡生态环境得到明显改善。四是推进公共服务一体化。按照城乡公共服务均等化的要求,着力在生活垃圾处理、公共交通、教育文化卫生等方面进行重点突破。引进香港创冠集团投资4.6亿元建设的黄金山垃圾焚烧发电厂,被国家住建部评为科技示范工程项目,年底建成后,可解决黄石城区和大冶、阳新30公里半径内的生活垃圾;将大冶城区公交纳入市区大公交系统,实现“同城化”发展;与农发行合作为县(市)区担保融资1亿元,大力实施“学安工程”和“乡镇医院达标工程”,力争两年全面完成农村学校D级危房改造和乡镇医院达标任务。
五、发展环境最优化
黄石市始终注重通过体制机制创新,破解制约发展的瓶颈和难题,为县域经济发展创造良好的环境。一是推进行政审批制度改革为发展提速。黄石市从2008年开始全面推行“两集中一代办”,将部门审批服务事项向一个科室集中,该科室向市行政服务中心集中,并授予服务窗口收发权、初审权、组织协调权和相对审批权,全程代办所有审批服务事项,目前全市24个职能部门已全部成立了审批科;同时,依托3G(TD-SCDMA)电子政务应用国家级试点,加强电子政务建设,推行审批项目和服务事项网上办理,进一步提高了行政效能。二是推进投融资体制改革为发展添力。近几年,黄石市狠抓金融生态环境建设,先后引进了3家金融分支机构,使全市金融机构达到15家;成立了4家小额贷款公司,壮大市担保公司,资本金由1亿元扩充到今年的3亿元,为300多家中小企业提供贷款担保近30亿元,同时,创新“采矿权质押贷款”、“铜单质押贷款”、“专利权质押贷款”等多种新型信贷品种,1―8月份全市金融机构为中小企业贷款增幅高于其他贷款11个百分点;做大做实城投公司等市级融资平台,为县(市)区担保融资4亿多元。三是推进土地管理制度改革为发展减压。抢抓黄石被确定为城乡建设用地和工矿废弃地增减挂钩试点的机遇,近年来实施工矿废弃地复垦项目115个、2.7万亩,新增耕地面积1.6万亩,争取增减周转指标5025亩;2009年7月,《黄石市土地利用总体规划大纲(2006―2020年)》正式获批,可为黄石市新增建设用地规模21.3万亩,制约其发展的用地难问题得到缓解。
近年来,黄石市在抓市域带县域发展方面所取得的成绩,与兄弟市州比还有很大差距。黄石市将深入贯彻罗书记和李省长的重要讲话精神,认真学习兄弟市州的好作法和好经验,努力把黄石市县域经济发展推上一个新台阶。
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Theory and Overviews
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1.2 Empirics: Overview
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2. DESCRIPTIVES: SPECIALISATION AND TRADE VOLUMES
2.1 Trade Structures
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· Rice, Patricia; Stewart, Martin and Venables, Anthony J. (2002) “The Geography of Intra-Industry Trade: Empirics”. CEPR Discussion Paper No. 3368.
2.2 Sectoral Specialisation / Geographic Concentration
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· Brülhart, Marius (2001) "Evolving Geographical Specialisation of European Manufacturing Industries". Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, vol. 137, pp. 215-243.
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· Brülhart, Marius (2006) "The Fading Attraction of Central Regions: An Empirical Note on Core-Periphery Gradients in Western Europe". Spatial Economic Analysis, vol. 1, pp. 227-235.
· Brülhart, Marius and Traeger, Rolf (2005) "An Account of Geographic Concentration Patterns in Europe". Regional Science and Urban Economics, vol. 35, pp. 597-624.
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· Redding, Stephen (2002) "Specialization Dynamics". Journal of International Economics, vol. 58, pp. 299-334.
· Storper, Michael; Chen, Yun-chung and De Paolis, Fernando (2002) "Trade and the Location of Industries in the OECD and European Union". Journal of Economic Geography, vol. 2, pp. 73-107.
2.3 Geographical Clustering of Firms
· Devereux, Michael P.; Griffith, Rachel and Simpson, Helen (1999) "The Geographic Distribution of Production Activity in the UK". Institute for Fiscal Studies Working Paper, No. 99/26.
· Dumais, Guy; Ellison, Glenn and Glaeser Edward L. (2002) "Geographic Concentration as a Dynamic Process". Review of Economics and Statistics, vol. 84, pp. 193-204.
· Duranton, Gilles and Overman, Henry (2005) "Testing for Localisation Using Micro-Geographic Data". Review of Economic Studies, vol. 72, pp. 1077-1106.
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· Henderson, J. Vernon (2003) "Marshall's Scale Economies". Journal of Urban Economics, vol. 53, pp. 1-28.
· Lafourcade, Miren and Mion, Giordano (2007) "Concentration, Agglomeration and the Size of Plants". Regional Science and Urban Economics, vol. 37, pp. 46-68.
· Marcon, Eric and Puech, Florence (2002) "Measures of Geographic Concentration of Industries: Improving Distance-Based Methods". Mimeo, University of Paris I.
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2.4 The Gravity Model and Border Effects
· Anderson, James A. and van Wincoop, Eric (2003) “Gravity with Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle”. American Economic Review, vol. 93, pp. 170-192.
· Baldwin, Richard E. and Taglioni, Daria (2006) “Gravity for Dummies and Dummies for Gravity Equations”. NBER Working Paper, No. 12516.
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· Head, Keith (2000) "Gravity for Beginners". Mimeo, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
· Head, Keith and Mayer, Thierry (2000) "Non-Europe: The Magnitude and Causes of Market Fragmentation in the EU". Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, vol. 136, pp. 285-314.
· Head, Keith and Mayer, Thierry (2002) "Illusory Border Effects: Distance Mismeasurement Inflates Estimates of Home Bias in Trade". CEPII Working Paper, No. 2002-01, Paris.
· Helliwell, John F. (1997) "National Borders, Trade and Migration". Pacific Economic Review, vol. 2, pp. 165-185.
· McCallum, John (1995) "National Borders Matter: Canada-U.S. Regional Trade Patterns". American Economic Review, vol. 85, pp. 615-623.
· Rose, Andrew K. (2000) "One Money, One Market: The Effect of Common Currencies on Trade". Economic Policy, vol. 30, pp. 9-45.
· Rauch, James E. (1999) "Networks Versus Markets in International Trade". Journal of International Economics, vol. 47, pp. 317-345.
· Santos Silva, J.M.C. and Tenreyro, Silvana (2006) "The Log of Gravity". Review of Economics and Statistics, vol. 88(4), pp. 641-658.
· Wei, Shang-Jin (1996) "How Reluctant are Nations in Global Integration?" NBER Working Paper, No. 5531. (download pdf)
· Wolf, Holger (2000) "Intra-National Home Bias in Trade" Review of Economics and Statistics, vol. 82, pp. 555-563. (download pdf)
2.5 Heterogeneous Firms, FDI and Vertical Specialisation
· Antràs, Pol (2003) “Firms, Contracts and Trade Structure”. Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 118, pp. 1054-1073. (download pdf)
· Baldwin, Richard E. (2005) “Heterogeneous Firms and Trade: Testable and Untestable Properties of the Melitz Model”. NBER Working Papers, No. 11471. (download pdf)
3. ANALYTICAL EMPIRICS: TESTING THEORIES
3.1 Regressing Specialisation on its Determinants
· Amiti, Mary (1999) "Specialisation Patterns in Europe". Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, vol. 135, pp. 573-593. (download pdf)
3.2 Testing Neoclassical Trade Theory: Leontief, Etc.
· Bernstein, J.R. and Weinstein, D.E. (2002) "Do Endowments Predict the Location of Production? Evidence from National and International Data". Journal of International Economics, vol. 56, pp. 55-76. (download pdf)
· Bowen, H.; Leamer, E. and Sveikauskas, L. (1987) "Multicountry, Multifactor Tests of the Factor Abundance Theory". American Economic Review, vol. 77, pp. 791-809. (download pdf)
· Choi, Y.-S. and Krishna, P. (2004) "The Factor Content of Bilateral Trade: An Empirical Test". Journal of Political Economy, vol. 112, pp. 887-914.
· Davis, Donald R. and Weinstein, David E. (2000) "International Trade as an 'Integrated Equilibrium': New Perspectives". American Economic Review (Papers and Proceedings), vol. 90, pp. 150-154. (download pdf)
· Davis, Donald R. and Weinstein, David E. (2001) "An Account of Global Factor Trade". American Economic Review, vol. 91, pp. 1423-1453. (download pdf)
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· Schott, Peter K. (2003) "One Size Fits All? Heckscher-Ohlin Specialization in Global Production". American Economic Review, vol. 93, pp. 686-708.
· Trefler, Daniel (1995) "The Case of the Missing Trade and Other Mysteries". American Economic Review, vol. 85, pp. 1029-1046. (download pdf)
3.3 Testing the "New" Trade Theory: The Home-Market Effect, Etc.
· Antweiler, Werner and Trefler, Daniel (2002) "Increasing Returns and All That: A View from Trade". American Economic Review, vol. 92, pp. 93-119. (download pdf)
· Behrens, K.; Lamorgese, A.; Ottaviano, G. and Tabuchi, T. (2004) "Testing the Home-Market Effect in a Multi-Country World: The Theory". CEPR Working Paper, No.4468. (download pdf)
· Brülhart, Marius and Trionfetti, Federico (2005) “A Test of Trade Theories When Expenditure Is Home Biased”. CEPR Discussion Paper, No. 5097. (download pdf)
· Davis, Donald R. and Weinstein, David E. (1996) "Does Economic Geography Matter for International Specialisation?". NBER Working Paper, No. 5706. (download pdf)
· Davis, Donald R. and Weinstein, David E. (1999) "Economic Geography and Regional Production Structure: An Empirical Investigation". European Economic Review, vol. 43, pp. 379-407. (download pdf)
· Davis, Donald R. and Weinstein, David E. (2001) “Bones, Bombs and Break Points: The Geography of Economic Activity”. NBER Working Paper, No. 8517. (download pdf)
· Davis, Donald R. and Weinstein, David E. (2003) "Market Access, Economic Geography and Comparative Advantage: An Empirical Test". Journal of International Economics, vol. 59, pp. 1-23. (download pdf)
· Debaere, Peter (2005) "Monopolistic Competition and Trade, Revisited: Testing the Model without Testing for Gravity". Journal of International Economics, vol. 66, pp. 249-266. (download pdf)
· Feenstra, Robert C., Markusen, James A. and Rose, Andrew K. (2001) "Using the Gravity Equation to Differentiate Among Alternative Theories of Trade". Canadian Journal of Economics, vol. 32, pp. 430-447. (download pdf)
· Hanson, Gordon and Xiang, Chong (2004) "The Home-Market Effect and Bilateral Trade Patterns", American Economic Review, vol.94, pp. 1108-1129. (download pdf)
· Head, Keith; Mayer, Thierry and Ries, John (2002) "On the Pervasiveness of Home-Market Effects". Economica, vol. 69, pp. 371-90. (download pdf)
· Head, Keith and Ries, John (2001) "Increasing Returns Versus National Product Differentiation as an Explanation of US-Canada Trade". American Economic Review, vol. 91, pp. 858-876. (download pdf)
· Hummels, David and Klenow, Peter J. (2006) "The Variety and Quality of a Nation’s Exports". American Economic Review, vol. 95, pp. 704-723. (download pdf)
· Hummels, David and Levinsohn, James (1995) "Monopolistic Competition and International Trade: Reconsidering the Evidence". Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 110, pp. 799-836. (download pdf)
· Redding, Stephen J. and Sturm, Daniel M. (2009) "The Costs of Remoteness: Evidence from German Division and Reunification". American Economic Review, forthcoming. (download pdf)
· Tybout, James (2003) "Plant- and Firm-Level Evidence on 'New' Trade Theories". In Kwan Choi, E. and James Harrigan (eds.), Handbook of International Trade, Oxford: Basil-Blackwell. (download pdf)
