A Dream's Worth, Lesson on Psychology of Dreams
A picture is worth a thousand words. You've heard it so many times that it sounds trite. But a picture really IS worth a thousand words. And if a dream is a very special kind of picture, how much is IT worth? Maybe more? What about very simple pictures and very simple dreams? No doubt they're worth a little bit less than complex, elaborate ones.
Or are they?
In my psychotherapy course one day, I presented my undergraduate students with these questions. "Here's a very simple dream from a psychotherapy client I worked with years ago. I won't tell you anything about the client. I'll just tell you his dream, and then lets see what we can discover about him by exploring it...... O.K? Here's the dream:"
"I was wearing a white shirt and a purple tie."
The students just stare at me, expecting more to come. "No," I explain, "that's it. That's the dream. Now let's start to explore it."
I then lead them through a group process of free associating to the dream (much like I describe on the Working and Playing with Dreams Page). "Just let your imagination go. Take every element of the dream and just let your mind wander on it. Whatever comes to mind. Don't censor anything, that's important. There is no right or wrong. It can be a fun, playful exercise - although the results sometimes may be serious and powerful. Freud thought that free association bypasses the defenses of rational, logical thinking and unlocks deeper links within the unconscious. It opens one up to fantasy, symbolism, and emotion - the very place from which dreams spring."
Here is a list of some of the associations the students come up with. For the purpose of this article I've organized them somewhat, whereas during the actual exercise the ideas surface in a much more freewheeling stream of consciousness:
PURPLE .... royalty, bruises, choking, holding one's breath, grief, a combination of blue and pink, goes well with black, The Color of Purple
TIE .... formal attire, going to work, phallic symbol, tied up, being tied to something, chokes the neck, confining
PURPLE TIE .... unconventional, stands out, rebellious, showing off
WHITE .... clean, pure, unstained, "good," light
SHIRT .... the top part, covered up, tucked in, stuffed shirt, where are the pants?
WHITE SHIRT.... conventional, boring, going to work, going to church, corporate America
WHITE SHIRT AND PURPLE TIE.... unusual combination, contradictory combination, very unconventional, tie really stands out
DEPLETION?.... there's nobody else in the dream, it's so static, there's nothing happening, where are the feelings?
After we finish this free associating, I then describe the client to the class.
At the time Dan had the dream, he was 23 years old. I would describe him as a quiet, held-back person who was very confined (the tie) in how he talked, behaved, and felt towards others. Put bluntly, people found him rather boring to be with (white shirt). His emotional and interpersonal life were choked (the tie). He had almost no friends and felt little connection to his family (the tie again). Other than going to his tedious job (white shirt) as a low level technician for a computer company, essentially nothing was happening in his static, uneventful life (depletion).
Dan was also very limited in understanding anything but the most surface, top-level (shirt) characteristics of his personality. Although outwardly conventional in how he dressed and acted at his job (white shirt), secretly he felt rebellious against authority (purple tie on white shirt) and generally superior (purple) to most people. He liked to think of himself as a political activist who firmly believed in the rights of abused (purple) people and felt more tied to them than anyone else. Comparing outside to inside, he was a bit of a contradiction (white shirt on purple tie).
But none of these issues is what consciously drove him to therapy. What he most desperately needed to discuss and resolve was the fact that he was homosexual (purple tie). Yet he didn't know whether he wanted to come out of the closet or not (the tie). Part of him wanted to let everyone know, to even show off and parade the fact that he was gay (purple tie on white shirt), to escape the feeling that his identity was being restrained and choked (more tie). His rebellious, unconventional side liked that idea. He sometimes did indeed bravely experiment with revealing his gay identity by wearing a purple triangle, which to him symbolized being homosexual (a combination of pink and blue).
But another side of him (purple tie versus white shirt) was afraid to come out. He sometimes felt dirty, tainted, sick, for being gay. That part of him wanted to be somehow cleansed and redeemed (white shirt). Part of the problem was that sex in general was a very unpleasant issue for him. When he was young he had had surgery on his genitals. He still felt insecure and "bruised" (purple) down there. He was so conflicted about sex that I sometimes wondered if he had been sexually abused as a child (purple tie?, suffocating tie?).
A dream, even a simple one, is worth at least a thousand words. Freud thought that there was no limit to how much you could analyze a dream. You can always go further and further into the symbols, the links of associations, the memories that generate a dream. At some deep unconscious level, any dream fans out into the infinite horizon of emotion and thought that constitute the individual psyche... that even transcends the individual psyche and constitutes us all.
920字左右，觉得不够你还可以再在开头或者结尾加一小段。
本片小论文短小精悍，包括了理论与案例分析。
觉得还能用的话希望能尽快加分：）
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本文选取清远市三所高中的高一、高二、高三共315名学生作为被试，运用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）中译本和状态-特质焦虑量表（STAI）调查高中生的睡眠质量与焦虑状况的相关关系。结果发现：
This article selects the first year, second year and third year students from three senior high schools in Qing Yuan City, a total of 315 students were chosen for the test, which uses the translated Chinese version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), together with State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), to investigate the correlation between senior high schools' sleep quality and condition of anxiety. The results show that:
1、高中生的焦虑状况不受性别、年级和学校类型的影响，但他们的特质焦虑程度普遍高于状态焦虑程度；
The results showed that: 1, high school students from the anxiety of the situation of gender, grade and school type, but their degree of trait anxiety is generally higher than the level of state anxiety;
2、高三学生的焦虑水平最高，其中清城中学学生的焦虑水平为三所中学最高，睡眠质量最低；
2, three students in the highest levels of anxiety, of which the city-ching of the anxiety level of secondary school students three secondary schools for the highest, lowest sleep quality;
3、22.5%的高中生存在睡眠障碍问题，不同性别、年级的高中生的睡眠质量存在显著性差异，高一学生入睡所需要的时间最长，高二学生的睡眠效率最低；
3,22.5% of high school students there is the issue of sleep disorders, gender, year of the sleep quality of high school students, there was a significant difference, high-need students to fall asleep by the time the longest High students the lowest sleep efficiency;
4、焦虑情绪是睡眠质量的重要影响因素，高中生的焦虑水平越高，睡眠质量越差。
4, anxiety is an important impact on sleep quality factors, the higher the anxiety level of high school students, the poorer sleep quality.
