本科毕业设计论文外文翻译基本格式
论文常用来指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章，简称之为论文。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段，又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。它包括学年论文、毕业论文、学位论文、科技论文、成果论文等。以下是我精心整理的本科毕业设计论文外文翻译基本格式，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
本科毕业设计论文外文翻译基本格式
一、要求
1、与毕业论文分开单独成文。
2、两篇文献。
二、基本格式
1、文献应以英、美等国家公开发表的文献为主（Journals from English speaking countries）。
2、毕业论文翻译是相对独立的，其中应该包括题目、作者（可以不翻译）、译文的出处（杂志的名称）（5号宋体、写在文稿左上角）、关键词、摘要、前言、正文、总结等几个部分。
3、文献翻译的字体、字号、序号等应与毕业论文格式要求完全一致。
4、文中所有的图表、致谢及参考文献均可以略去，但在文献翻译的末页标注：图表、致谢及参考文献已略去（见原文）（空一行，字体同正文）。
5、原文中出现的'专用名词及人名、地名、参考文献可不翻译，并同原文一样在正文中标明出处。
三、毕业论文设计外文翻译的内容要求
外文翻译内容必须与所选课题相关，外文原文不少于6000个印刷符号。译文末尾要用外文注明外文原文出处。
外文翻译要求：
1、外文资料与毕业设计(论文)选题密切相关，译文准确、质量好。
2、阅读2篇幅以上(10000字符左右)的外文资料，完成2篇不同文章的共2000汉字以上的英译汉翻译
3、外文资料可以由指导教师提供，外文资料原则上应是外国作者。严禁采用专业外语教材文章。
4、排序：“一篇中文译文、一篇外文原文、一篇中文译文、一篇外文原文”。插图内文字及图名也译成中文。
5、标题与译文格式(字体、字号、行距、页边距等)与论文格式要求相同。
下页附：外文翻译与原文参考格式
英文翻译 (黑体、四号、顶格)
外文原文出处：(译文前列出外文原文出处、作者、国籍，译文后附上外文原文)
毕业论文外文翻译：将外文参考文献翻译成中文版本。
翻译要求：
1、选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。
2、选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。
3、外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。
参考文献是在学术研究过程中，对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴。征引过的文献在注释中已注明,不再出现于文后参考文献中。外文参考文献就是指论文是引用的文献原文是国外的，并非中国的。
原文就是指原作品,原件，即作者所写作品所用的语言。如莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》原文是英语。
译文就是翻译过来的文字，如在中国也可以找到莎士比亚《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的中文版本，这个中文版本就称为译文。
主要标准
翻译是语际交流过程中沟通不同语言的桥梁。一般来说，翻译的标准主要有两条：忠实和通顺。
忠实
是指忠实于原文所要传递的信息，也就是说，把原文的信息完整并且准确地表达出来，使译文读者得到的信息与原文读者得到的信息大致相同。
通顺
是指译文规范、明白易懂，没有文理不通、结构混乱、逻辑不清的现象。
实践产生理论，欧美许多国家的翻译理论是五花八门的。从大的方面来看，可以分为两大派：一派是翻译可能论，一派是翻译不可能论。其实，完完全全百分之百的可能是没有的，完完全全百分之百的不可能也是没有的。
世界上一切翻译活动都是在这两个极端之间进行的。欧洲许多著名的人物，比如马丁·路德、M.阿诺德、F.W.纽曼、J.B.波斯特加特、H.白洛克、Fr.R.诺克斯、V.那巴可夫等等，都对翻译提出了自己的理论。据《开塞尔世界文学百科全书》的意见，这些理论中有些是刚愎自用的。
He was awarded his PhD for a thesis on industrial robots.
他凭一篇研究工业机器人的论文获得博士学位。
Please write an abstract of this article 〔 thesis 〕.
请写一份这本书〔这篇论文〕的`摘要。
Your thesis wouldn't get across if you used too many technical terms in it.
如果你用了过多的专门术语，你的论文就不会被人理解。
He is writing his doctoral thesis in electrical engineering.
他在写关于电气工程学的博士论文。
三相异步电动机的结构及工作原理
一 结构
三相异步电动机的种类很多，但各类三相异步电动机的基本结构是相同的，它们都由定子和转子这两大基本部分组成，在定子和转子之间具有一定的气隙。此外，还有端盖、轴承、接线盒、吊环等其他附件，如图1.1所示。
图1.1 封闭式三相笼型异步电动机结构图
1—轴承；2—前端盖；3—转轴；4—接线盒；5—吊环；6—定子铁心；
7—转子；8—定子绕组；9—机座；10—后端盖；11—风罩；12—风扇
1．定子部分
定子是用来产生旋转磁场的。三相电动机的定子一般由外壳、定子铁心、定子绕组等部分组成。
（1）外壳
三相电动机外壳包括机座、端盖、轴承盖、接线盒及吊环等部件。
机座：铸铁或铸钢浇铸成型，它的作用是保护和固定三相电动机的定子绕组。中、小型三相电动机的机座还有两个端盖支承着转子，它是三相电动机机械结构的重要组成部分。通常，机座的外表要求散热性能好，所以一般都铸有散热片。
端盖：用铸铁或铸钢浇铸成型，它的作用是把转子固定在定子内腔中心，使转子能够在定子中均匀地旋转。
轴承盖：也是铸铁或铸钢浇铸成型的，它的作用是固定转子，使转子不能轴向移动，另外起存放润滑油和保护轴承的作用。
接线盒：一般是用铸铁浇铸，其作用是保护和固定绕组的引出线端子。
吊环：一般是用铸钢制造，安装在机座的上端，用来起吊、搬抬三相电动机。
（2）定子铁心
异步电动机定子铁心是电动机磁路的一部分，由0.35mm～0.5mm厚表面涂有绝缘漆的薄硅钢片叠压而成，如图1.2所示。由于硅钢片较薄而且片与片之间是绝缘的，所以减少了由于交变磁通通过而引起的铁心涡流损耗。铁心内圆有均匀分布的槽口，用来嵌放定子绕圈。
（a） 定子铁心 (b) 定子冲片
图1.2 定子铁心及冲片示意图
（3）定子绕组
定子绕组是三相电动机的电路部分，三相电动机有三相绕组，通入三相对称电流时，就会产生旋转磁场。三相绕组由三个彼此独立的绕组组成，且每个绕组又由若干线圈连接而成。每个绕组即为一相，每个绕组在空间相差120°电角度。线圈由绝缘铜导线或绝缘铝导线绕制。中、小型三相电动机多采用圆漆包线，大、中型三相电动机的定子线圈则用较大截面的绝缘扁铜线或扁铝线绕制后，再按一定规律嵌入定子铁心槽内。定子三相绕组的六个出线端都引至接线盒上，首端分别标为U1, V1, W1 ，末端分别标为U2, V2, W2 。这六个出线端在接线盒里的排列如图1.3所示，可以接成星形或三角形。
图1.3 定子绕组的联结
（a）星形连接 （b）三角形连接
2．转子部分
（1）转子铁心
是用0.5mm厚的硅钢片叠压而成，套在转轴上，作用和定子铁心相同，一方面作为电动机磁路的一部分，一方面用来安放转子绕组。
（2）转子绕组
异步电动机的转子绕组分为绕线形与笼形两种，由此分为绕线转子异步电动机与笼形异步电动机。
① 绕线形绕组
与定子绕组一样也是一个三相绕组，一般接成星形，三相引出线分别接到转轴上的三个与转轴绝缘的集电环上，通过电刷装置与外电路相连，这就有可能在转子电路中串接电阻或电动势以改善电动机的运行性能，见图1.4。
图1.4 绕线形转子与外加变阻器的连接
1—集电环；2—电刷；3—变阻器
② 笼形绕组
在转子铁心的每一个槽中插入一根铜条，在铜条两端各用一个铜环（称为端环）把导条连接起来，称为铜排转子，如图1.5（a）所示。也可用铸铝的方法，把转子导条和端环风扇叶片用铝液一次浇铸而成，称为铸铝转子，如图1.5（b）所示。100kW以下的异步电动机一般采用铸铝转子。
（a）铜排转子 （b）铸铝转子
图1.5 笼形转子绕组
3．其他部分
其他部分包括端盖、风扇等。端盖除了起防护作用外，在端盖上还装有轴承，用以支撑转子轴。风扇则用来通风冷却电动机。三相异步电动机的定子与转子之间的空气隙，一般仅为0.2mm～1.5mm。气隙太大，电动机运行时的功率因数降低；气隙太小，使装配困难，运行不可靠，高次谐波磁场增强，从而使附加损耗增加以及使启动性能变差。
二.三相异步电动机原理
当向三相定子绕组中通过入对称的三相交流电时，就产生了一个以同步转速n1沿定子和转子内圆空间作顺时针方向旋转的旋转磁场。由于旋转磁场以n1转速旋转，转子导体开始时是静止的，故转子导体将切割定子旋转磁场而产生感应电动势（感应电动势的方向用右手定则判定）。由于导子导体两端被短路环短接，在感应电动势的作用下，转子导体中将产生与感应电动势方向基本一致的感生电流。转子的载流导体在定子磁场中受到电磁力的作用（力的方向用左手定则判定）。电磁力对转子轴产生电磁转矩，驱动转子沿着旋转磁场方向旋转。
通过上述分析可以总结出电动机工作原理为：当电动机的三相定子绕组（各相差120度电角度），通入三相对称交流电后，将产生一个旋转磁场，该旋转磁场切割转子绕组，从而在转子绕组中产生感应电流（转子绕组是闭合通路），载流的转子导体在定子旋转磁场作用下将产生电磁力，从而在电机转轴上形成电磁转矩，驱动电动机旋转，并且电机旋转方向与旋转磁场方向相同
The three-phase asynchronous motor structure and working principle
1. The structure of three-phase asynchronous motor:
Types of three-phase asynchronous motor, but all kinds of three-phase asynchronous motor is the same basic structure, they are the stator and rotor of these two basic components, the stator and rotor has a certain air gap between. In addition, end caps, bearings, cable boxes, rings and other accessories, As shown in Figure 1.1.
Figure 1.1 Closed-end three-phase cage induction motor structure
1 - bearing; 2 - the front cover; 3 - axis; 4 - Junction Box; 5 - rings; 6 - stator core;
7 - rotor; 8 - stator windings; 9 - base; 10 - after the end caps; 11 - wind shield; 12 - Fan
1. Stator part
Stator is used to generate the rotating magnetic field. Stator three-phase motors generally shell, stator core, stator windings and other parts.
(1) shell
Three-phase motor casing including base, end caps, bearing caps, rings, such as junction boxes and components.
Machine Block: cast iron or steel casting molding, and its role is to protect and fixed three-phase motor stator windings. Small and medium-sized three-phase motor base and two end caps supporting the rotor, which is three-phase electrical machinery an important part of the structure. Typically, the base looks good thermal performance requirements, so there are generally cast heat sink.
Cover: The casting of cast iron or cast steel molding, which is fixed to the rotor center in the stator cavity, the rotor in the stator in the rotating evenly.
Bearing Caps: Cast iron or steel casting is formed, its role is a fixed rotor, the rotor can not move axially, and lubricants storage and protection from the role of bearing.
Junction Box: Cast iron casting in general is that its role is to protect and fixed pinout terminals of the windings.
Rings: steel manufacturing in general is installed in the upper base for lifting, moving, carrying three-phase motor.
(2) Stator Core
Induction motor stator core is part of the motor circuit from 0.35mm ~ 0.5mm thick coated with a thin insulating paint from silicon, as shown in Figure 1.2. And as a result of silicon thin film and between the insulation film, so reduced as a result of alternating magnetic flux through the core caused by eddy current loss. Core inner circle are uniformly distributed the slot to put the stator cruising inlay.
(A) stator core (b) stator lamination
Figure 1.2 Stator Core and red-chip diagram
(3) The stator windings
Three-phase motor stator windings are part of the circuit, there are three-phase three-phase motor windings, symmetrical three-phase current access, it will have a rotating magnetic field. Three-phase winding consists of three separate components of the winding, and each has a number of coil windings connected. Is a phase of each winding, each winding in the space angle difference between the 120 ° electrical. Coil of copper wire from the insulation or insulated aluminum wire around the system. Small and medium-sized three-phase motors use a round wire, large and medium-sized three-phase motor stator windings are insulated with a larger cross-section aluminum flat wound copper wire or flat system, and then embedded in a certain law of stator core slots. Three-phase stator windings of the six round side are directed to the junction box on the first side, respectively, marked U1, V1, W1, respectively, marked as the end of U2, V2, W2. The six round side of the box with the wiring as shown in Figure 1.3, you can access into a star or triangle.
Figure 1.3 links the stator windings
(A) star connection (b) triangle connecting
2. Rotor part
(1) Rotor Core
With 0.5mm thick steel from, set in the shaft, the role and the same stator core, on the one hand, as part of the motor magnetic circuit, on the one hand to place the rotor windings.
(2) rotor windings
The rotor winding induction motor winding is divided into two kinds of cage-shaped and which is divided into winding rotor asynchronous motor with cage induction motor.
① shaped winding winding
Like with the stator windings is also a three-phase winding, the general access into astrocytes, respectively, received a three-phase pinout on the three axes and axes of the collector ring insulation, and through the brush device connected with the external circuit, which may circuit in the rotor resistance or electromotive force in series in order to improve the operation of motor performance, see Figure 1.4.
Figure 1.4 Rotor winding-shaped connection with the plus rheostat
1 - collecting ring; 2 - Brush; 3 - Varistors
② cage winding
Rotor core in each slot a copper insert in the ends of the copper with a铜环(known as side Wan) to connect the lead article, called copper rotor, Figure 1.5 (a) as shown in . Aluminum methods can also be used to guide the rotor end ring and fan blades made of aluminum casting a liquid, known as cast aluminum rotor, Figure 1.5 (b) below. Following the induction motor 100kW generally cast aluminum rotor.
(a) copper rotor (b) cast aluminum rotor
Figure 1.5 Rotor cage
3. Other parts of
Other parts including the cover, fans, etc.. In addition to the role of end caps to protect, in the end caps is also fitted with bearings to support the rotor shaft. Cooling fan motor is used for ventilation. Three-phase asynchronous motor stator and rotor of the air gap between the general is only 0.2mm ~ 1.5mm. Air gap too large, the motor run-time to reduce the power factor; air-gap is too small to make the assembly difficult, does not run a reliable, high-harmonic magnetic field increased, thus increasing wear and tear as well as additional start-up performance to deteriorate
II. The principle of three-phase asynchronous motor :
When the three-phase stator windings through the three-phase alternating current into symmetric, they have had a n1 synchronous speed along the stator and rotor space for inner circle clockwise rotation of the rotating magnetic field. As the rotation speed of rotating magnetic field to n1, the beginning of the rotor conductors is static, it will be cutting the rotor conductors in the stator rotating magnetic field induction electromotive force generated (electromotive force induced by the direction of right-hand rule to determine). Since the derivation conductor ring at both ends by a short circuit shorted, the role of EMF in the sensor, the rotor conductors and inductive electromotive force will produce basically the same as the direction of the induced current. Rotor stator current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field by the electromagnetic force (the direction of force is determined by left-handed set). Electromagnetic force on the rotor axis electromagnetic torque, rotor-driven rotating magnetic field along the direction of rotation.
Through this analysis can be summed up as the motor working principle: When the three-phase motor stator windings (the difference between the electrical angle of 120 degrees), access to symmetrical three-phase alternating current will produce a rotating magnetic field, the rotating magnetic field cutting rotor windings, which in rotor windings produce induced current (rotor winding path is closed), current-carrying conductors in the rotor stator rotating magnetic field will produce under the electromagnetic force, which formed in the motor electromagnetic torque shaft, rotary drive motor, and motor rotation direction and rotation the same direction as the magnetic field.
