Wheel gears spreading to move is a the most wide kind of the application spreads to move a form in the modern machine.Its main advantage BE:The
① spreads to move to settle, work than in a moment steady, spread to move accurate credibility, can deliver space arbitrarily sport and the motive of the of two stalks；Power and speed scope
② applies are wide；
③ spreads to move an efficiency high, =0.92.0.98；
④ work is dependable, service life long；
⑤ Outline size outside the is small, structure tightly packed.The wheel gear constituted to；；；from wheel gear, stalk, bearings and box body decelerates a machine, useding for prime mover and work machine or performance organization of, have already matched to turn soon and deliver a function of turning , the application is extremely extensive in the modern machine.
⑥ Local deceleration machine much with the wheel gear spread to move, the pole spread to move for lord, but widespread exist power and weight ratio small, or spread to move ratio big but the machine efficiency lead a low problem.There are also many weaknesses on material quality and craft level moreover, the especially large deceleration machines problem is more outstanding, the service life isnt long.The deceleration machine of abroad, with Germany, Denmark and Japan be placed in to lead a position, occupying advantage in the material and the manufacturing craft specially, decelerating the machine work credibility like, service life long.But it spreads to move a form to still take settling stalk wheel gear to spread to move as lord, physical volume and weight problem, dont also resolve like
The direction which decelerates a machine to is the facing big power and spread to move ratio, small physical volume, high machine efficiency and service life to grow greatly nowadays develops.Decelerating the connecting of machine and electric motor body structure is also the form which expands strongly, and have already produced various structure forms and various products of power model numbers.Be close to ten several in the last yearses, control a technical development because of the modern calculator technique and the number, make the machine process accuracy, process an efficiency to raise consumedly, pushed a machine to spread the diversification of movable property article thus, the mold piece of the whole machine kit turns, standardizing, and shape design the art turn, making product more fine, the beauty turns.
Become a set a machine material in 21 centuries medium, the wheel gear is still a machine to spread a dynamic basic parts.CNC tool machine and the craft technical development, pushed a machine to spread to move structure to fly to develop soon.Be spreading to move the electronics control, liquid in the system design to press to spread to move, wheel gear, take the mixture of chain to spread to move, will become become soon a box to design in excellent turn to spread to move a combination of direction.The academics that is in spread move the design crosses, will become new spread a movable property article the important trend of the development.
Essential character：Reduction gear、 Bearing 、gear 、mechanical drive
摘要
齿轮传动是现代机械中应用最广的一种传动形式.它的主要优点是：
① 瞬时传动比恒定、工作平稳、传动准确可靠，可传递空间任意两轴之间的运动和动力；
② 适用的功率和速度范围广；
③ 传动效率高，=0.92.0.98；
④ 工作可靠、使用寿命长；
⑤ 外轮廓尺寸小、结构紧凑.由齿轮、轴、轴承及箱体组成的齿轮减速器,用于原动机和工作机或执行机构之间,起匹配转速和传递转矩的作用,在现代机械中应用极为广泛.
国内的减速器多以齿轮传动、蜗杆传动为主，但普遍存在着功率与重量比小，或者传动比大而机械效率过低的问题.另外，材料品质和工艺水平上还有许多弱点，特别是大型的减速器问题更突出，使用寿命不长.国外的减速器，以德国、丹麦和日本处于领先地位，特别在材料和制造工艺方面占据优势，减速器工作可靠性好，使用寿命长.但其传动形式仍以定轴齿轮传动为主，体积和重量问题，也未解决好.
当今的减速器是向着大功率、大传动比、小体积、高机械效率以及使用寿命长的方向发展.减速器与电动机的连体结构，也是大力开拓的形式，并已生产多种结构形式和多种功率型号的产品.近十几年来,由于近代计算机技术与数控技术的发展，使得机械加工精度，加工效率大大提高，从而推动了机械传动产品的多样化，整机配套的模块化，标准化，以及造型设计艺术化，使产品更加精致，美观化.
在21世纪成套机械装备中,齿轮仍然是机械传动的基本部件.CNC机床和工艺技术的发展,推动了机械传动结构的飞速发展.在传动系统设计中的电子控制、液压传动、齿轮、带链的混合传动,将成为变速箱设计中优化传动组合的方向.在传动设计中的学科交叉,将成为新型传动产品发展的重要趋势.
关键字：减速器 轴承 齿轮 机械传动
Summary
This time graduate the design to have the contents a to design concerning the machine that decelerate the complets system.
Decelerating the machine is a kind of from close to move in the rigid wheel gear in the hull is an independent complete organization .Pass thisa design can then the first step controls general simple a set of complete designs step and methods of the machine.
This time graduate the design to introduce the type function of the deceleration machine and constitute the etc. primarily , made use of all.directionsly learned the knowledge .Such as:Machine graphics ,the metals material craft learns the theories knowledge that business trip etc.already learn. In actual production can analysis definitely reach agreement .The general type that decelerate the machine has:The cylinder wheel gear decelerates the machine ,cone wheel gear decelerates the machine ,wheel gear.cochlea pole decelerates the machine ,stalk park type decelerates machine ,assembles type decelerate machine ,couplet type decelerate machine ,couplet type decelerate machine .
Further educated in this time design independent ability that engineering design, set up the right design thought controls the in common use machine spare parts ,the machine spread to move the device with the simple machine design of method with step ,the consideration that request synthesize usage the request of economic craft etc . make sure the reasonable design project .
Key phrase: reducer rigidity technolic components/zeroporat
Precent/project
摘要
这次毕业设计是由封闭在刚性壳内所有内容的齿轮传动是一独立完整的机构.通过这一次设计可以初步掌握一般简单机械的一套完整的设计及方法，构成减速器的通用零部件.
这次毕业设计主要介绍了减速器的类型作用及构成等，全方位的运用所学过知识.如：机械制图，金属材料工艺学公差等以学过的理论知识.在实际生产中得以分析和解决.减速器的一般类型有：圆柱齿轮减速器、圆锥齿轮减速器、齿轮.蜗杆减速器、轴装式减速器、组装式减速器、轴装式减速器、联体式减速器.
在这次设计中进一步培养了工程设计的独立能力，树立正确的设计思想掌握常用的机械零件，机械传动装置和简单机械设计的方法和步骤，要求综合的考虑使用经济工艺等方面的要求.确定合理的设计方案.
关键词：减速器 刚性 工艺学 零部件 方案
Planetary gear reducer gear reducer than the normal small size, light weight, high efficiency and transmission power range, etc, widely applied gradually. At the same time its drawbacks are: material quality, complex, high precision manufacturing, more difficult to install, design complex calculations than the average speed reducer. but on the planet as people drive technology further in-depth understanding and knowledge as well as the introduction of foreign planetary transmission and absorption of technology to drive the structure and contain its way are constantly improving, and continuously improve the level of production technology, can produce a better planetary gear reducer.
According to a general load of gear strength, geometric dimensions of the design calculation, and then to carry out transmission ratio conditions, concentric condition, the assembly conditions, design and calculation of the adjacent conditions, thanks to the number of planetary gear transmission, also must be contained institutions and the design of floating volume calculation.
Planetary gear drive according to the composition of basic enough pieces can be divided into: 2KH, 3K, and KHV are three. If the meshing of gears by the way, can be divided into: NGW-type, NN-based, WW-type, WGW type, NGWN type and N-type and so on. I designed planetary gear is 2KH NGW planetary transmission type.
行星轮系减速器较普通齿轮减速器具有体积小、重量轻、效率高及传递功率范围大等优点，逐渐获得广泛应用.同时它的缺点是：材料优质、结构复杂、制造精度要求较高、安装较困难些、设计计算也较一般减速器复杂.但随着人们对行星传动技术进一步的深入地了解和掌握以及对国外行星传动技术的引进和消化吸收，从而使其传动结构和均载方式都不断完善，同时生产工艺水平也不断提高，完全可以制造出较好的行星齿轮传动减速器.
根据负载情况进行一般的齿轮强度、几何尺寸的设计计算，然后要进行传动比条件、同心条件、装配条件、相邻条件的设计计算，由于采用的是多个行星轮传动，还必须进行均载机构及浮动量的设计计算.
行星齿轮传动根据基本够件的组成情况可分为：2KH、3K、及KHV三种.若按各对齿轮的啮合方式，又可分为：NGW型、NN型、WW型、WGW型、NGWN型和N型等.我所设计的行星齿轮是2KH行星传动NGW型.
● What is the ball screw?
So that the movement of objects, generally speaking, the movement will need to generate power, directly or indirectly through other organizations to convey to the Department of the final movement. Case of the automobile, gasoline engine, due to the combustion piston to move up and down, and through intermediaries ultimately delivered to the wheels to make it happen rotary motion.
Today's world, able to represent the mechanical and plant a variety of sports organizations, we can say without exception, have some form of motor conduction institutions. Ball screw is rotary motion into linear motion, or linear motion into rotary motion of the most reasonable product.
● ball screw specialties
1, compared with the sliding torque of ball screw 1 / 3
As the ball screw of the screw shaft and the wire between the mother doing a lot of ball rolling motion, so the movement can get higher efficiency. And compared to the last slide ball screw drive torque to 1 / 3 of the following, that is required to achieve the same results of dynamic movement to use the scroll ball screw 1 / 3. Was helpful in saving.
2, high precision to ensure
Ball screw is made in Japan De mechanical device world's highest level of coherence produced, especially in research and cutting, assembly, Jian Chage processes of the factory environment, the temperature • humidity 进行 a strictly controlled quality management Youyuwanshan system so that accuracy can be fully guaranteed.
3, micro-feed may
As the ball screw is the use of ball movement, so a very small starting torque, does not appear as a creeping phenomenon of sliding movement can ensure accurate micro-feed.
4, no backlash, high rigidity
Ball screw can be added to the pressure, the pressure due to the axial clearance can reach negative values, and then get a higher rigidity (within the ball screw ball through to add to the pressure in actual use mechanical devices, because of ball The repulsion can increase the rigidity of the Department of silk mother).
5, high-speed feed may
Ball screw, sport, high efficiency, small heat, so can achieve high-speed feed (Sports).
●滚珠丝杠副是什么?
使物体运动时，一般来讲需要将动力产生的运动直接或通过其他机构间接地传达到最终运动部。以汽车为例，在发动机内由于汽油的燃烧使活塞上下移动，再通过中间机构最终传递到车轮使之发生回转运动。
当今世界中，能代表机械的、有各种运动机构的装置，可以说无一不是具有某种形式的运动传导机构。滚珠丝杠副是将回转运动转化为直线运动，或将直线运动转化为回转运动的最合理的产品。
●滚珠丝杠副的特长
1、与滑动丝杠副相比驱动力矩为1/3
由于滚珠丝杠副的丝杠轴与丝母之间有很多滚珠在做滚动运动，所以能得到较高的运动效率。与过去的滑动丝杠副相比驱动力矩达到1/3以下，即达到同样运动结果所需的动力为使用滚动丝杠副的1/3。在省电方面很有帮助。
2、高精度的保证
滚珠丝杠副是用日本制造的世界最高水平的机械设备连贯生产出来的，特别是在研削、组装、检查各工序的工厂环境方面，对温度•湿度进行了严格的控制，由于完善的品质管理体制使精度得以充分保证。
3、微进给可能
滚珠丝杠副由于是利用滚珠运动，所以启动力矩极小，不会出现滑动运动那样的爬行现象，能保证实现精确的微进给。
4、无侧隙、刚性高
滚珠丝杠副可以加予压，由于予压力可使轴向间隙达到负值，进而得到较高的刚性（滚珠丝杠内通过给滚珠加予压力，在实际用于机械装置等时，由于滚珠的斥力可使丝母部的刚性增强）。
5、高速进给可能
滚珠丝杠副由于运动效率高、发热小、所以可实现高速进给（运动）。
减速器概述
1.1、减速器的主要型式及其特性
减速器是一种由封闭在刚性壳体内的齿轮传动、蜗杆传动或齿轮—蜗杆传动所组成的独立部件，常用在动力机与工作机之间作为减速的传动装置；在少数场合下也用作增速的传动装置，这时就称为增速器。减速器由于结构紧凑、效率较高、传递运动准确可靠、使用维护简单，并可成批生产，故在现代机措中应用很广。
减速器类型很多，按传动级数主要分为：单级、二级、多级；按传动件类型又可分为：齿轮、蜗杆、齿轮-蜗杆、蜗杆-齿轮等。
1.1.1 圆柱齿轮减速器
当传动比在8以下时，可采用单级圆柱齿轮减速器。大于8时，最好选用二级(i=8—40)和二级以上(i>40)的减速器。单级减速器的传动比如果过大，则其外廓尺寸将很大。二级和二级以上圆柱齿轮减速器的传动布置形式有展开式、分流式和同轴式等数种。展开式最简单，但由于齿轮两侧的轴承不是对称布置，因而将使载荷沿齿宽分布不均匀，且使两边的轴承受力不等。为此，在设计这种减速器时应注意：1)轴的刚度宜取大些；2)转矩应从离齿轮远的轴端输入，以减轻载荷沿齿宽分布的不均匀；3)采用斜齿轮布置，而且受载大的低速级又正好位于两轴承中间，所以载荷沿齿宽的分布情况显然比展开好。这种减速器的高速级齿轮常采用斜齿，一侧为左旋，另一侧为右旋，轴向力能互相抵消。为了使左右两对斜齿轮能自动调整以便传递相等的载荷，其中较轻的龆轮轴在轴向应能作小量游动。同轴式减速器输入轴和输出轴位于同一轴线上，故箱体长度较短。但这种减速器的轴向尺寸较大。
圆柱齿轮减速器在所有减速器中应用最广。它传递功率的范围可从很小至40 000kW，圆周速度也可从很低至60m/s一70m／s，甚至高达150m／s。传动功率很大的减速器最好采用双驱动式或中心驱动式。这两种布置方式可由两对齿轮副分担载荷，有利于改善受力状况和降低传动尺寸设计。
关键词：减速器 刚性 零部件 方案
