随着科技地不断发展和全球化进程的加快，越来越多的人有更多的机会与来自他国的人们进行交流。当下，这种跨文化交际已经变得不可避免甚至是频繁。下文是我为大家整理的关于跨文化交际英语的论文的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!
浅谈在跨文化交际中关注中西方差异
论文摘 要：由于中西方文化存在着截然不同的传统和风俗习惯，人们的生活方式，思维习惯，价值观念，语言习惯等都有很大差别，很多日常行为在日常的交际活动中也存在着明显的差异。在中西跨文化交际中，文化冲突的事屡见不鲜，这严重影响了社会的和谐和交往的顺利进行，并使交往双方处于十分尴尬的境地。人们在这种跨文化环境中相互交际之前，必须对对方的文化习俗和历史背景有所了解，才能避免在跨文化交际中产生尴尬的局面。因此，我们很有必要找出其深层次的原因，并采取一定的措施来培养跨文化交际的能力，避免文化冲突现象的发生。在全球化的背景下，不同文化的碰撞，交流和融合是势不可挡，理解中西方文化的差异及其文化冲突是进行跨文化交际和提高跨文化交际的基础，有助于中西方文化的交流与合作，有助于世界文化的发展。
论文关键词：跨文化交际 文化冲突 中西方文化差异
由于全球经济一体化的发展，不同文化背景的人们之间的各种交流活动越来越频繁。21世纪随着中国经济的快速发展和文化影响力的日益加强，与英语国家之间的国际交流与合作更是日益频繁与广泛。文化交流、旅游业蓬勃发展，外国独资、合资企业数量增多，与国际人员的经济文化交往日益增多。同时，中国学生出国交流、深造的机会也日益增多。随着国际间的文化交往越来越频繁，英语，作为国际世界的通用语言，在政治，经济，文化等各个方面都发挥了重要作用。随着中国对外开放程度的逐渐深入，西方社会的人和事物越来越多的走进了我们的视野，在这种情况下，跨国界，跨民族，跨文化的经济和社会交往与日俱增，这就为我们提供了许多与西方人接触和交往的机会，这对于加深中国对西方的了解是一件好事，然而，这也并不是一件简单的事情，因为我们所面对的是来自陌生的文化和国家，由于历史、政治、地理位置、宗教信仰等因素的不同，导致了各国、各地区的文化的不同，这就是所谓的文化差异。
文化差异会具体体现在各个方面，我们应意识到中西文化上的差异是不可忽视和改变的，应该接受这种差异，尊重和理解这种差异。在跨文化交流和处理实际问题过程中，避免出现文化上的冲突，从而顺利地进行跨文化交流。西方国家的思维方式，生活习惯，行为方式与我们迥然不同，在与之交往的过程中，会不可避免的会出现文化冲突的现象，在跨文化交际中，中西方文化的差异则会引起各种各样的文化冲突，因此，了解中西方文化的差异的重要性是显而易见的。
(一)
语言是文化的载体，不同的文化群体中的人们的价值观念，思维方式，风俗习惯以及道德标准都存在很大的差异。在英语的使用上，文化背景也起着相当大的影响作用，由于缺乏对西方文化的了解，很多中国人在与西方国家的人交流时运用中国几千年来的传统文化观念，思维模式，因而常常使得中西方交流时陷入尴尬的境地。总之，忽视中西文化差异的相关知识，在跨文化交际中往往会走入陷阱，而导致交际失败和尴尬。从社会发展的角度看，在我国进入WTO时代以后，随着中国的进一步开放，中国人有更多的机会去了解西方的文化，达到中西方之间的交流。因此，了解中西文化的差异，对于与西方人进行跨文化交际是很有必要的，也可以避免尽量避免在跨文化交际中，由于文化的差异导致文化冲突的发生。
(二)
关注中西文化差异的意义，首先，有助于学生更深入地理解英语语言的内涵，更好地掌握英语这门广泛运用的语言，更深入了解西方国家，更好地接受西方先进的科学技术，为建设祖国服务。第二，关注中西文化差异有助于解决和避免文化差异所引起的冲突，从而更好地融入世界，让外界更多地了解我们的国家，提高我国的国际地位，更大地发挥我国在国际上的作用。第三，关注中西文化差异有利于本国语言的学习。在学习中，通过对中英文化差异的比较，有助于学生更精准地理解和掌握汉语语言，加深对汉语文化的理解，这反过来又会促进我们对英语文化的理解。
面对越来越开放的社会，我们当代大学生在加深自身文化理解的同时，还必须积极参与跨文化交流，尽可能多地主动理解对方的文化特性，努力把自己锻炼成具有多重文化能力、善于跨文化交际的现代人，在保持自身优良传统的同时，积极吸收外国文化中好的一面，使自己能够顺利进行双向有效的跨文化交流。
参考文献：
[1] 胡文仲：《跨文化交际学概论》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1999年.
[2] 杜学增：《中英文化习俗比较》，北京：外语教学究出版社，1999年.
[3] 闫传海，张梅娟：《英汉词汇文化对比研究》，陕西：交通大学出版社，2008年.
[4] 聂淼.英语教学与跨文化意识的培养[J].考试周刊,2009.
[5] 罗常培.语言与文化[M].北京:语文出版社，1989.
[6] 陈建民.语言文化社会新探[M].上海:上海教育出版社,1989.
跨文化交际视角下英语阅读教学
摘要：作为一种应用最为广泛的国际通用性语言，英语具有极强的实用性，同时也是各个学府培养综合性人才的一门必要课程。英语是一门工具性语言，其教学的最终目标就是培养学生的跨文化交际能力，而英语阅读教学则是英语跨文化交际的重要形式之一。该文首先论述了跨文化意识在英语阅读中的必要性，其次对英语阅读中存在的跨文化障碍进行了详细分析，最后提出了跨文化交际视角下的英语阅读教学策略，望对相关工作者带来帮助。
关键词：跨文化交际视角;英语阅读;教学英语
阅读涉及的材料知识面广，信息含量大，并且包含了大量的源语言的历史地理、风土人情、价值观念等内容。英语阅读的实质是阅读者通过语言与作者进行的一种书面形式的跨文化交流，因此受不同文化背景的影响，文化交流的过程中难免会产生各种形式的阻碍，对文化交流产生了一定的制约性，所以在英语阅读教学中培养学生的跨文化意识是非常有必要的。
1跨文化意识在英语阅读中的必要性
跨文化交际是指不同文化背景的人进行交际的一个过程。语言因素中的跨文化交际表现在词汇、句法、篇章等;非语言因素的跨文化交际表现在价值观、思维方式以及社会习俗等多个方面。英语教学是我国素质教育和各个教育阶段中的重要教学学科，而绝大部分的英语学习者缺少直接跨文化交际的机会，所以英语阅读成为跨文化外语教学中的重要组成部分。传统英语阅读教学中，教师和学生都认为若要提高阅读水平，就必须掌握丰富的词汇量以及语法知识，然而大部分学生在实际阅读中都会出现下述问题：学生将文章中的生词和语法知识通过工具书查清楚后进行阅读，而阅读完文章之后仍然不知所云，这便是缺少跨文化知识作为阅读支撑的直接体现，词汇、语法知识可以通过工具用书查明解释，而跨文化知识则需要长时间潜移默化的培养。
2英语阅读中跨文化障碍分析
2.1语言因素
1)词汇
词汇是英语阅读中最能直接体现文化与语言的关系的主要因素，语法为第二影响因素。英语中有些词汇不仅具有其表面意思，且将其放到不同的语言环境中会产生不同的意义。例如，中国文化中将孔雀作为吉祥的象征，而英语中peacock则为炫耀、骄傲的意思。如果学生不清楚类似词汇在源语言中的具体涵义，则会在阅读中形成一定的障碍。除过一些简单的名词，英语阅读中的专有名词也会使学生产生困惑，例如UncleSam指代美国政府而不是一个名为山姆大叔的人。
2)俗语
俗语是一个民族、一种语言的文化精华所在，并且正宗的英语文章中往往会包含大量的俗语，对这些俗语没有清楚的认识就会产生曲解。英语中有一句谚语为“Speakofdevilanddev⁃ildothappear”。这句话在汉语中可用“说曹操曹操到”表示。如果学习者无法理解这些俗语，则会直接影响到阅读效果。
3)语篇
英语阅读往往是以语篇的形式展现出来的，因此学习者在进行阅读英语文章时应该了解整个文章的文化背景。众所周知中国人和西方人的思维模式有着较大的区别，因此西方作品的文章结构会使阅读者无法找到文章的主要主旨。
2.2非语言因素
跨文化交际的核心是价值观，学习者理解自身文化与源语言文化在价值观方面的差异是提升英语阅读效率的基本要求。学习者在阅读时往往会带着自己的价值观去理解文章，从而导致其无法真正理解作者的真是思想，影响了阅读效果;西方人在写作时通常会应用演绎模式法，而中国人在写作的时候往往会应用归纳模式法，这两种不良思维方式主导下的写作、阅读思路会使中国学习者在进行英语阅读时难以把握文章的中心思想;学习者在进行阅读时经常会用刻板印象理解文章。例如，亚洲人认为美国人比较开放，美国人认为亚洲人比较节俭，所以应用刻板印象进行阅读会对文章产生误解。
3跨文化交际视角下的英语阅读教学分析
3.1在英语阅读课堂中导入文化知识英语文化知识导入应该遵循系统性、紧密性、实用性的原则，因此教师在设计教学计划时应该严格按照这一原则进行。
1)阅读教学前应介绍相关文化背景
阅读文章的相关背景一般包括社会制度、年代背景、历史地理以及宗教信仰等内容，因此要求英语阅读教师自身拥有丰富的文化底蕴，其次具有跨文化的敏感性。在介绍相关文化背景时教师可以应用对比法将中西文化差异进行对比，并且以不同形式将文化素材向学生直观的展现出现出来，以提高学生的阅读效果。
2)阅读教学时导入词汇、俗语、语篇等文化知识
一般情况下词汇的文化导入主要应用比较法，即比较同一词汇在中西方文化中的具体内涵，帮助学生理解并记忆词汇。可以应用讲故事或者视频的形式向学生导入俗语，这种直观的形式能加深学生的理解程度[3]。篇章结构文化导入可以应用分组讨论的方法让学生分享不同思维模式下的不同理解，从而让学生逐渐养成英语阅读思维。
3)阅读教学后的跨文化知识巩固
知识巩固是加深理解和记忆的必要步骤，因此教师可在阅读后指导学生进行一些实践性较强的训练对知识进行巩固。具体的实践性训练包括口头训练进而书面训练两种形式。口头训练有角色扮演、口头复述等多种形式，让学生在理解文章的基础上增加其非语言行为，从而有效提升其跨文化交际能力;书面实践内容包括应用所学文化知识进行造句、翻译或者写作等，这种锻炼形式不仅可以提升学生的书面表达能力，还能提高学生的创新能力。
3.2增强学生的自主学习能力
学生是进行英语阅读教学的主体，因此教师应当指导学生认识到阅读中存在的跨文化因素，并且培养学生积极主动解决跨文化障碍的意识和能力。
1)不断提升其语言知识范围
一篇阅读文章中涉及的语言知识非常多，因此阅读者具备扎实的语言知识是提高其英语阅读能力的必然要求。学生应该在阅读课前积极主动的对文章进行通读，并且把不理解的词汇、语法标注出来并一一查阅相关资料。其次还应该掌握一定的阅读策略和阅读技巧，这样才可以在进行英语阅读时快速地了解文章主旨。
2)树立跨文化意识
树立跨文化意识是提升学生英语阅读跨文化交际能力的基本前提，只有具有较高的跨文化敏感性时才能在阅读文章时意识到跨文化现象的存在，并且用客观、了解的心理取理解文章涵义。在进行阅读时，阅读者应尽量避免应用中式思维理解文章，从而不断提升其英语阅读效率和跨文化理解能力。
3)提升自主学习能力
自主学习能力是学生提升其英语阅读跨文化交际能力的持续性动力。若要增加英语文化知识的广度，提升自己的英语阅读能力，只简单地依靠教师课堂讲解是远远不够的，因此学生应该在课后不断阅读相关文化知识，做好知识的巩固与拓展，从而为其提升英语阅读能力和跨文化交际能力打下夯实的基础。
4结束语
英语阅读能力的提升是提高学生英语能力的关键部分。也是培养学生跨文化交际能力的重要途径之一。因此英语阅读教师应该在教学中不断培养学生的跨文化意识，做好英语文化导入工作，增加学生的英语文化知识和学习能力，从而不断提升英语阅读能力和跨文化交际能力。
参考文献：
[1]姚伊忱.高中英语阅读教学中文化渗透的教学设计案例分析[D].天津师范大学,2015.
[2]孟巧玲.高中英语阅读教学中学生跨文化交际意识的培养[D].西北师范大学,2014.
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随着跨 文化 传播在国际交往中的地位不断提高，英语专业论文的写作逐渐成为研究的一个 热点 ，在写作过程中，论文的题目有着举足轻重的作用。下面是我带来的关于英语跨文化论文选题的内容，欢迎阅读参考!
英语跨文化论文选题(一)
1. 英文原声电影赏析与跨文化交际能力的培养
2. 跨文化非语言交际语用失误研究
3. 公示语翻译中的语用失误探析
4. 国内 广告 语言语用失误研究现状与分析
5. 全球化语境下跨文化交际失误语用归因
6. 跨文化交际中的语用失误类型及对策研究
7. 基于礼貌原则的跨文化语用失误分析
8. 跨文化言语交际中的语用负迁移
9. 浅析化妆品广告中的语用预设
10. 中西方饮食文化的比较研究
11. 中美时间观之对比
12. 浅析汉英 问候语 中的文化差异
13. 英汉词汇的文化内涵差异探析
14. 英语身体语的交际功能研究
15. 浅谈英汉身势语的表意功能之差异
16. 目 标语 文化的理解与跨文化交际
17. 中西文化差异对中国学生英语学生的影响
18. 跨文化交际中的文化误读
19. 浅析文化差异对商务谈判的影响
20. 英语禁忌语的文化内涵异同研究
英语跨文化论文选题(二)
1. 英汉思维模式的差异对跨文化交际的影响
2. 外语学习者的思辨能力与跨文化交际之成效
3. 培养 英语学习 者跨文化交际能力之策略
4. 英汉道歉语差异及原因
5. 中西跨文化礼貌语差异探析
6. 英汉语言中礼貌表达法之比较
7. 英汉习惯用语的文化内涵探源
8. 英语称赞语及其回应的异同研究
9. 中美(西) 家庭 教育 理念的差异及其对孩子的影响
10. 中国英语学习者跨文化交际中的主要障碍研究
11. 试析跨文化交际中角色互动的作用
12. 本土文化与异国文化的冲突对跨文化交际的影响
13. 跨文化交际中的时间观差异
14. 论跨文化交际中的中西餐桌礼仪
15. 关于提升英语专业学生跨文化交际能力的培养
16. 涉外婚姻中的中西文化冲突
17. 论跨文化广告传播中食品商标的翻译
18. 多媒体教学与跨文化交际能力的培养
19. 中西方 儿童 文学的差异
20. 中西体育文化的差异及其受全球化发展的影响
21. 中西传统休闲文化及其价值观的对比分析
22. 简爱与林黛玉不同命运的文化透析
23. 国际商务活动中礼貌原则的应用
英语跨文化论文选题(三)
1. 从中英文动物比喻的不同看中西文化差异
2. 英汉概念隐喻的文化认知对比分析
3. 英汉 成语 文化内涵比较研究
4. 从神话看中西文化异同
5. 文化视角下英汉时间隐喻比较研究
6. 英汉情感隐喻文化内涵对比研究
7. 从文化语境看英汉爱情隐喻
8. 英汉动物隐喻的文化内涵
9. 论中英文中颜色隐喻的差异及其文化根源
10. 英汉习语中中西文化差异探源
11. 从英汉委婉语中看中西文化心理差异
12. 文化视阈中的汉英 典故
13. 美国 俚语 的基本特征与社会功能
14. 从旅游广告看中西文化差异
15. 英语学习中中国文化缺失对跨文化交际能力的影响
16. 正视中西文化冲突提高跨文化交际能力
17. 从跨文化交际中的语用负迁移 反思 英语教学
18. 情境教学法在跨文化交际教学中的应用
19. 从跨文化交际的角度解读中西方礼貌准则和策略
20. 英汉委婉语及其在跨文化交际中的
21. 英语教学中学生跨文化交际能力的培养
22. 跨文化交际中的饮食文化差异
23. 从集体主义和个人主义看国际商务谈判的文化差异
24. 中英礼貌用语之差异
25. 过渡语僵化现象文化因素成因
26. 跨文化交际中的美国个人主义
27. 英汉隐喻的文化背景差异研究
28. 中英礼貌用语研究综述
29. 颜色词的文化内涵
30. 中国茶文化与西方咖啡文化对比研究
31. 汉英称谓语中的文化差异
32. 民俗风情游--中西“水”文化之比较
33. 跨文化商务谈判中的文化适应
34. 跨文化交际中的空间观
35. 英汉习语的文化差异分析
36. 当代中美女性婚姻观的比较研究
37. 中美商务谈判礼仪之礼貌用语比较
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你是用什么翻的？！
therefore often very willing to understand other people's mixed, the other side is also willing to frankly相告.
隐喻的中西方文化差异
Abstract: Metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon but also a way of thinking, which is one of the basic methods for human survival and cognition. It is rooted in language, thought and culture. Through the analysis and comparison of the use and concept of metaphor in different countries, we find that its universality and commonality of the metaphor as a basic human cognitive activities. However, metaphor in different languages reflects a different way of thinking and behavior and different cultural patterns. Owing to the different two modes of thinking and culture, there are some differences in understanding and formation that can not be ignored. Therefore, this paper will discuss the questions above.
Keywords: metaphor, cross-cultural differences, translation.
1. Preamble
Metaphor is a common phenomenon, a large number of people use metaphor to express his feelings and ideas. British scientists rhetoric Richards (IARichards) once said, "We have day-to-day in almost every conversation in three sentences may be a metaphor." According to statistics, life around the use of 4,700,000 new metaphor, 2,140,000 stereotypes of metaphor. Research in recent years, there is a great metaphor. This article introduced in the definition of metaphor on the basis of summing up the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western metaphor, and that its culture, precisely because of the prevalence of metaphor, how to translate metaphor has become a very important issue in the latter part of the article is aimed at The translation of metaphor put forward a translation of the three strategies. This paper studies aimed at trying to comparative analysis of English and Chinese in a large number of day-to-day language of metaphor to express, find out the differences and similarities, in order to be able to accurately translate the article in good metaphor to explore a little. This article is about the metaphor from the point of view to explore the differences in the way Thinking allows us to a deeper understanding of language, culture, the relationship between thinking and can more clearly understand the different ethnic language, culture, way of thinking, and so on On the nature of translation.
2. Metaphors in Chinese and Western studies
In 1980, Lakoff & Johnson (George Lakoff & Mark Johnson) made a "living metaphor" (Metaphors We Live By) of the book, a modern metaphor to open a new chapter in the school. Domestic academia on the "metaphor" This is also a review of the system, such as Lin Wu's book "Study abroad metaphor Looking at the" beam-setting "metaphor research," Li of China and India "The main subjects Metaphor" and so on. However, the Chinese metaphor for the academic study of rare. "Chinese scholars on the study of metaphor, I am afraid the real contribution should be through the metaphor of the Chinese characteristics of research and study, through the metaphor of the Chinese and other languages in the comparative study of metaphor, metaphor for the establishment of a more general theory of the strong, and even unique The basis. "Lin Wu in the book" metaphor of the basic research the status quo, and the focus of the trend "in the main text, put forward a model of cultural metaphors with the relationship:" The language of metaphor is the emergence of expression into the system, which not only reflects the psychological Structure, but also reflect the different cultural models also play a role. "
2.1 metaphor in the relationship between Chinese and Western cultures
2.1.1 relationship
Correspond to (corresponding) refers to the relationship between the two languages, English and Chinese in the meaning and metaphor in the use of the same meaning in the culture and image, and so on and-one mapping. This is because the survival of mankind itself, as well as all the external conditions, including the geographical environment, climate change, and the whole of human society and cultural background are certain there is a common, which formed a common humanity of their own and the outside world on many issues. In the "angry" mood, the English are angry that physiological responses, such as: grind one's teeth. (Teeth), bare one's teeth. (Ziyaliezui) an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. (an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth), reflecting the Chinese culture on the basis of common experience.
2.1.2 non-correspondence
English-Chinese metaphor, after all, rooted in two different languages on the soil, resulting in very different cultural backgrounds, fully corresponds to the few metaphors, the vast majority do not have common cultural identity in order to form the corresponding non-(non-corresponding ) Relations. Non-relationship metaphor can be roughly divided into three categories:
2.1.2.1 Vehicle counterpart, Yu Yi does not correspond to
English and Chinese in some cases there is the same as a metaphor, but in their own language and culture in the meaning of the metaphor means is different, even different. Peacock in the Chinese culture is auspicious, a symbol of beauty, especially the Dai people to express jumped Pavaner desire to better their own. If the Chinese people will be likened to a peacock, it means that beautiful light. However, in English, peacock (Peacock) is a symbol of pride, often interpreted as arrogance, love to show off. For example, They were eager to take the young peacock down a peg. (They want to pressure a pressure that the arrogant young guy's momentum).
2.1.2.2 counterpart Yu Yi, the vehicle does not correspond to
English-Chinese two nations due to their differences, from different angles to look at things the same, it will be a different analogy. As a result both English and Chinese language there is a different vehicle, but Yu was referring to was basically the same as the meaning of the case, that is the same kind of non-correspondence. Such as: a person described as the hearts of anxious, restless, Chinese is "ants on the hot pan" and English is "a cat on the bricks". There are similar: To kick down the ladder. Guohechaiqiao.
2.1.2.3 Yu Yu Yi and do not correspond to
Some of the metaphors Yu-Yu has a meaning and it refers to the language and culture are closely related, in another culture often can not find corresponding Yu and Yu Yi, which resulted in a culture known as the default Phenomenon. For example: in English "my rib" I am referring to Yu's wife, it comes from the "Bible" story, that is, Adam (Adam)'s wife Eve (Eve) God is with a piece of Adam's rib made. The Chinese did not, "the Bible" cultural background, and there was no analogy with rib habit, so the formation of a corresponding gap. Similarly, "ugly duckling" (Ugly Duckling) refers to the metaphor will get ahead of Little, "early bird" refers to the diligent Yu, in the words into Chinese language, culture, as a result of the default, can not find a corresponding relationship between metaphor .
2.2 Chinese and Western cultures in the common metaphor
Metaphor and culture to a large extent, human beings have a common understanding, rooted in the people's own day-to-day experience. In this connection, often between different ethnic groups are the same. Both English and Chinese language in a lot of abstract thinking that the metaphorical expression is the same. For example: the human child in the period to form a position on the concept of input in that direction in the form of many of them easily understood, including the position expressed by metaphor, which has become a fixed pattern of thinking. For example: The term direction (up, down) to describe people's social status, physical, emotional, and other abstract concepts to the case when the good is up; Sad is down. We Chinese are also not difficult to find a similar sentence: "Gas Prices "," enhance the social status "and" vision "and" depressed. " Since the objective laws of nature with the relative unity of different cultures to understand the nature of the course is similar to the cognitive experience.
2.3 in the metaphor of the difference between Chinese and Western cultures
As the English-Chinese geographical and cultural differences, living in two different cultures in practice there are a lot of differences, and different life experiences and let people understand the objective world, a different language carries different nationalities Cultural characteristics and cultural information. Understanding of metaphor is not out of socio-cultural backgrounds. For example, social and cultural impact of the color words is deep-rooted, some color words in different cultures in an entirely different meaning, has a distinctive feature of our national culture. Such as: English, said in green "inexperienced" and "shallow knowledge", such as: "a green hand", "I was very green when I started working there." The Chinese like to express the meaning of the word is "yellow" Such as: "Huangmaoyatou" and "flower girl". Cultural background knowledge is the metaphor to create a rich source of thinking, as the Eastern and Western cultures are different, metaphors in English and Chinese applications there are also significant differences.
2.4 The metaphor of the cross-cultural differences between Chinese and Western influence
Language is a cultural change in the development of the complex, subject to political, economic, historical, environmental and other factors. Chinese and Western styles are different, but in many ways to infiltrate interaction and integration, language differences and cultural metaphor for the inevitable impact is complex and diverse.
2.4.1 metaphorical expression of cultural conflict
Different nationalities in the world to observe a different perspective and ideas, different cultures there are a lot of conflict or inconsistency metaphor. If the animal metaphors, in English Long (dragon) is a kind of evil, will belch out smoke monster. "Bible", the dragon is the devil, is a symbol of evil and terror, there is a terrible vicious meaning. The Chinese dragon is in power, the auspicious symbol of Chinese traditional culture, the Chinese have "Wangzichenglong", "descendants of the Dragon." The same analogy in different cultures, different meaning, of two cultures
"Dragon" to give a different connotation.
2.4.2 differences in living conditions caused by differences in metaphor
In English is a lot of metaphor and marine-related, such as: all at sea (at a loss what to do); drink like a fish (drinking cow); fish in the air (Shuizhonglaoyue); give up the ship (give up). In Chinese, there are a lot of the horse or cattle pose a metaphor, such as: "a willing ox" (a willing horse) Gan means to serve the community; "old ox" (a working horse) refers to the hard work; "bragging "(Talk horse), and so on. This is due to different geographical location and natural environment caused by different cultural metaphor. Britain is an island, ultimately, dependent on the sea, and China is a large agricultural country, farming culture deeply feudal society.
2.4.3 different religious and cultural differences arising from the metaphor
Religious culture of human culture is an important part of it by referring to the nation's religious beliefs, such as the formation of the sense of culture, "the Bible" in the story, with its language and meaning has become a feature of daily life in the West in terms of . For example, power of the keys (the keys to the kingdom of heaven; the rights of the Pope), in the right church, but in the wrong pew (in general is right, but not the details), and so on. Chinese culture and Buddhism, Taoism and more affected by the impact of Confucianism, the Chinese, there are a lot of related argot. "Jiehuaxianfo"; "临时抱佛脚"; "做一天和尚撞一天钟" and so on.
It is due to the diversity of culture, resulting in the differences between English and Chinese metaphor. This difference to the cross-cultural communication has brought the impact. As a foreign language students, do not understand the difference between metaphor and language will make mistakes, sometimes mistakenly made good as pleasant, caused by either one or both of the conversation unpleasant; also sometimes mocked as a praise. When a native language other operators do not understand the language contained in the cultural differences, it is often difficult for such language to accurately convey the meaning of the understanding, difficulty to the cross-cultural exchange.
3. Metaphor of the three methods of translation
The translation of metaphor not only accurately and effectively convey the original language, but also loyal, accessible, complete reproduction of the original language and cultural connotation and significance. But in the West because of cultural differences and different, so the translation of metaphor in English on the need to consider not only its literal sense, and so on, but also in the West should pay attention to their cultural differences.
American Eugene Nida said: "Translation is the exchange between the two cultures. The real success of the translation, even more familiar with the two cultures is more important to master two languages. Because only in terms of its role in the culture In the background will only be meaningful. "Therefore, the translation of metaphor to combining Chinese and Western cultures, and cultural backgrounds to leave the translation, can not be achieved between the two languages of the real exchange.
3.1 Literal Translation
The so-called "literal" is asked in the language when conditions permit, in the translation to maintain the original content, but also to maintain the original form, in particular, to maintain the original metaphor, the image of the nation, and other local color. In the literal translation method to maintain the original expression of the culture and at the same time, target enriched the vocabulary and expression, such as: "a Pandora's box" (Pandora's Box); "chain reaction" (chain reaction). In the original text and asked the information contained in the same culture, we should adopt the literal translation method.
(1) You are my sunshine, my only sunshine.
: You are my sun, my only sunshine.
In Chinese and English, the sun is warm, beautiful, in both languages, they disseminate information on culture are the same. As a rule, and asked in the original text in the form of grammatical structure, similar to the style or color on basically the same, the law should adopt the literal translation.
(1) He is another Shylock.
: He is also a Shylock. (Note: Shakespeare's Shylock is "The Merchant of Venice" in a very harsh mean business
People. )
(2) To carry coals to Newcastle.
: Coal to Newcastle. (Note: "Newcastle" is a British coal, coal is superfluous here.)
4. Conclusion
Metaphor as a way to figures of speech or skills, a unique feature of grammar, which features make the sentence more flexible and constructive, but the United States. Is a metaphor to express more complex ideas and things, a powerful tool. Wherever and whenever people in their daily lives are often used metaphor. As Mr. Lin Zhuang said: "The metaphor is no longer expanding his knowledge and understanding of a passive process. To help us in the form of new knowledge, the metaphor has played an active role so that we can better a better understanding of the objective world." In English and Chinese Metaphorical significance of the difference is due to cultural differences between East and West, that mode of thinking, moral values and sense of difference. However, different cultural impact of what is the concept of metaphor, it is still a need to examine and address the problem. At the same time, in the metaphor of the process of translation must pay special attention to cultural differences. The best translation is to be able to accurately reflect the true meaning of the author, as well as its cultural and stylistic characteristics of the translation, that is, the translation of metaphor to make as much as possible the original language and to achieve the target language culture, and so on.
我们如何去看待，中外 文化 差异所带来的 英语学习 的思维转换?下面是我给大家整理的怎样对待中外文化差异 英语 作文 ，供大家参阅!
如何对待中外文化差异英语作文篇1
The culture differences between the East and West.
As we know ,there are so many differences between culture of the East and West that I can not list all of their different aspects.I will focus on the differences of diet custom and teaching system.For your better understanding ,I will set examples of China and America.
It is no doubt that it is a tradition to use chopsticks for Chinese.But people in America prefer to forks and knives.This different result is based on different food they are like .Americans choose to eat beefsteak,bread,and salad,while Chinese people choose noodles ,pancakes and rice.What is more,the custom of drinking tea in China and drinking coffee in America are stand out particularly.However,there is a trend that the food in both countries has been mixture.For example,the coffee and bread have introduced to China.The famous KFC is very popular at children.
The gap of teaching system between China and America is big.Chinese students always complain about their homework.Too much homework has limited the time to exercise and relax.They have to recite many things as to get a high mark.Homework comes the first to them.
In my opinion,the study in America is more interesting .Teachers pay attentions to training students skills in thinking in realastic life not to emphasis on the importances of memories.In a addition,the rate of going to school ,the salary of teaching ,and the job of gruduates are quite different,too.I should say that Chima government should make great efforts to improve its teaching syetem.I am also expect to be one day ,the West give more cheers to our country.
如何对待中外文化差异英语作文篇2
Today,lots of people are affected by western culture especially the new generation who born after 1990s.In my opinion,some of western culture is good but some of them are not suited.Learning western culture can let us know about what is the western custom and what differnets between chinese and western.because of comparison we can learn the positive sides such as more confident,independent.On the other side,the negative sides we should not learn.for example,some high school student even younger fall in love with others.They spend much time to do it and forget what more important things they really need to do in that moment.Indeed,every coins have two sides.how to do deal with it,I think let time make the answer.
如何对待中外文化差异英语作文篇3
Culture, according to the definition given by Hofstede, is the collective mental programming of the people in an environment, conditioned by the same education and life experience. Therefore, there are differences between various nations or regions, because people are affected by education, society and work experience. Take the cultural difference between the East and the West as the example, China is a country that endures high power distance while America endures lower power distance. Therefore, status symbol is very important for Chinese and a superior having the privilege is a matter of course. But people in America think that they are all equal. Besides, the westerns are individualistic while the easterners are more collectivistic. In individualistic societies, people focus on their own values and needs, relying on individual efforts to serve their interests. In the collectivistic nations, people combine themselves into one or several communities, finding their own place in the group and they mentally rely on the community, so harmony seems important in those nations. There are three main differences between the East and the West, namely uncertainty avoidance index, masculine versus femininity and long vs. short term orientation.
根据霍夫斯泰德对文化所下的定义，文化是在同一个环境中的人们所具有的“共同的心理程序”，是由相同的 教育 背景和生活经历所决定的。因此，各个不同的民族或地域之前会存在文化差异，因为其中的人会受到教育、社会和工作 经验 的影响。以东西方的文化差异为例，中国是一个崇尚大权力距离的国家，而美国是权力距离相对较小的国家。因此，地位象征对中国人来说尤为重要，认为上级所拥有的特权是理所当然的;而美国人则认为人与人之间是平等的。此外，西方人相对比较个人主义而东方人则更看重集体主义。在个人主义的社会中，人们重视自身的价值和需要，依靠个人的努力来为自己谋取利益，而在集体主义国家，人们把自己融入到一个或几个集体中，在这些集体中找到属于自己的位置，人们在精神上依赖于集体，因此，和谐在这些国家中显得尤为重要。在东西方文化中，还存在以下三个主要的文化差异，即不确定性规避、男性度与女性度以及长期取向与短期取向。
论中外文化交流差异及应对办法
一：中西文化差异缘起
东西方国家由于历史背景、风俗习惯、风土人情、文化传统等的存在很大程度的不同，所以东西方的文化交流的过程是跨文化的交流。而随着全球化的加强，在我国加入世贸组织后，走 出国 门或留在国内参与跨文化交际的人越来越多，我们都需要学习、掌握与不同文化背景的人打交道时的实际技能，所以跨文化交流这门课真的能给我们很多启发。在听很多国际学院的特邀嘉宾讲解我们的文化差异的时候，我发现我们的不同点真是无处不在，尤其是通过Mr. Niall Murchadeha的讲解，我发现造成这种文化差异主要是因为以下几个因素：
1、受经济制度的影响。中国的传统经济是典型的自给自足的自然经济。人们比较安分保守。因为他们依靠一块土地可以活一辈子，文化比较内向。而且中国的古代文明，发源于大河流域，属于农业文明，“农业文明性格”造就了东方人注重伦理道德，求同求稳，以“和为贵，忍为高”为处世原则。而西方的古希腊文明，发源于爱琴海沿岸，属于海洋文明，况且欧洲的农耕远不像中国的农耕在古代社会那样重要，所以欧洲人喜欢向外探索，文化比较外向。而且西方国家经过工业革命很早就进入了工业经济时代，“工业文明性格”造就了西方人有较强的斗争精神和维护自身利益的法律意识，以独立、自由、平等为处世原则。
2、受地理环境的影响。封闭的大陆型地理环境使中国人的思维局限在本土之内，善于 总结 前人的经验教训，喜欢“以史为镜”，而空间意识较弱。这种内向型思维导致了中国人求稳好静的性格，对新鲜事物缺乏好奇，对未知事物缺乏兴趣。而西方国家大多数则处于开放的海洋型地理环境，工商业、航海业发达，自古希腊时期就有注重研究自然客体，探索自然奥秘的传统。同时，海洋环境的山风海啸、动荡不安，也构成了西方民族注重空间拓展和武力征服的个性。
3、因为对事物认识的文化差异而造成的不对等。比如，在中国，龙是我们的图腾，是我们的吉祥物。但在西方神话 传说 中，龙是表示邪恶的怪物。在中世纪，dragon是罪恶的象征，圣经 故事 中恶魔撒旦(Satan)就被认为是the great dragon。此外，dragon还有“泼妇”的意思，所以，dragon在英语国家人中所引起的联想与中国人的“龙”完全不同。
4、因为对色彩的文化差异而造成的不对等。东西方国家之间由于所处的地理位置、历史文化背景和风俗习惯不同，对色彩在表达的含义上是不尽相同甚至截然相反的。比如：蓝色(blue)在西方国家有忧郁的含义，美国有“蓝色星期一”(Blue Monday)。Blue sky在英语中意思是“没有价值”，但蓝色在中国人心中一般不会引起“忧郁”或“倒霉”的联想，反而人们喜欢使用蓝色来表达自己的心情。 再比如，在中国红色预示着喜庆，中国人结婚习惯穿红色衣服，喜欢过年贴红喜字。生意人希望“开门红”，经营赚钱了，大家都来分“红利”，股票升值用“飘红”。但在西方国家视“红色”为残暴、不吉利，红色意味着流血。
从以上比较可以看出，东西方文化差异是很大的，当我们在与外国友人交流时必须特别注意这些差异，必须在外国文化和本国文化中找到一个结合点。让这两种文化尽可能接近，尽可能缩小由于东西方文化差异带来的交流上的误解，使东西方文化交流达到对等交流、彼此认同和相互理解的目的。
二：中西方文化差异的表现
对于中西文化，在具体事例上我们不免会发现许多差异之处。比如，别人赞扬时，我们常常会谦逊地摇摇头，而西方人则是坦然接受;在餐桌上时，我们会非常热情地招呼别人多吃，甚至给客人夹菜，而西方人则是每人一份，不督促不强求等，同样，见面打招呼的形式在中西方也是迥然不同的。
在 思维方式 上，中国人喜欢站在生命的更高处思考问题，跳出现实，重视对生命的思考，在对人和人之间，人和自然界之间，人的精神和肉体之间的关系都有深刻的思考。西方人偏重于 逻辑思维 或者 理性思维 ;中国人属于 抽象思维 或者感性思维。而西方人更注重于从物质世界入手，去探索和求证问题的本源。 记得在Mr. Niall Murchadeha的课上，他曾经给大家看过一系列的图片，找出四张图片中适合被分在一组的两张图通过这个简单的测试发现我们绝大多数都是倾向于按事物之间的关系分类，比如会理所当然地把猴子和香蕉分到一起，而据Niall先生讲，在爱尔兰甚至是所有西方人都会倾向于把猴子和兔子这种同一属性的东西分在一起，这并没有孰对孰错却很明显的显示了我们思维上的差异。
另一方面，中西方的道德观也是迥然不同的。西方强调个体本位，而中国人提倡群体本位。而道德观的不同，使中西方的伦理体系和道德规范具有了不同的特点：西方重契约，中国重人伦;西方重理智，中国重人情;西方的伦理道德是以人性恶为出发点，强调个体的道德教育，而中国儒家是从人性善的观点出发，强调个体的道德修养，就像我们从小就熟知的“人之初性本善”一样。
在建筑文化上，中国传统建筑讲究整体、群体，讲究中轴对称。如故宫、阿房宫等，体现出一种大气、气势磅礴之势，这也体现了在建筑理念上中国传统建筑的风格所具有的敦实、平缓、温和等特征，表现的是入世的生活态度，故称为“人本主义建筑”;而西方古典建筑则多注重个体，空间上讲究突兀高耸，如典型的科隆大教堂等"哥特式"建筑，风格具有突兀、冷硬等特征，体现的是宗教神灵的出世精神，所以也被称为“神本主义建筑”。
三：积极应对文化差异
在第九讲课上，潘建伟教授为同学们做了一次“中国旅居者在美国的跨文化适应及其挑战”的主题讲座。虽然年复一年的我国 留学 生日益增多，但却有很多人因为难以适应国外的环境导致身心和学业都备受摧残，但是面对着中西方文化的偌大差异，我们要想更适应这个社会就必须学会挑战这些差异，找到自己文化的结合点，积极应对，不要成为它的奴隶而要成为生活的主人。
跨文化适应是指为了适应某种新文化而积极改变的过程。这一过程可以包括改变某人的信仰和态度、知识以及技能。其中外在的文化的特征包括服饰、语言、饮食习惯等,而内在的文化特征包括信仰、态度、价值观等。成功的文化适应包括在坚持原有的价值观、习俗、信仰的同时,积极尊重新文化,公正无偏的看待两种文化。所以我们不得不承认中西的文化差异是巨大的，而面对这些不同点，我们首先应该有一个积极的心态，我们应了解不同地域、不同民族的文化背景知识以及社会风俗习惯。在西方，要积极融入到另一种文化中，公正的看待两种文化，以一种积极的心态了解别人的想法，其他文化的内涵，求同存异，相互尊重，毕竟文化没有高低贵贱之分，它只是历史积淀的结果。在熟悉异国生活之后，我们应该大胆交流，在和当地人沟通时不能只是单词记忆，要尽量学习当地的语言表达方式。另外应该学会调节心态，积极调整生活学习的方式，这对自己未来的生活和职业也会有相当大的帮助。总之我们应该提高自己的跨文化意识，做好心理上的准备，利用自己掌握的文化差异的具体表现来有效的提高自己的适应能力。
四：总结
文化差异在不同国家都是客观存在的，跨文化交流能力也是随着时代发展的过程中我们既需要掌握的一项基本能力。我们应该学会在坚持本国 传统文化 的同时积极了解西方国家的历史文化，具备一个国际化的视角，了解，欣赏，容忍，尊重其他国家的文化，去粗取精，是自己的思维拥有深度和广度，在跨文化交流的过程中提高自己的文化适应能力，只有这样，我们才能在日后的工作过程中更好的与外国友人合作，避免不必要的纷争，适应今天全球化的这个社会舞台。
