gps监测系统开发毕业论文

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物流信息技术是现代信息技术在物流各个作业环节中的综合应用，是现代物流区别传统物流的根本标志，也是物流技术中发展最快的领域，尤其是计算机网络技术的广泛应用使物流信息技术达到了较高的应用水平。一、物流信息技术构成从构成要素上看，物流信息技术作为现代信息技术的重要组成部分，本质上都属于信息技术范畴，只是因为信息技术应用于物流领域而使其在表现形式和具体内容上存在一些特性，但其基本要素仍然同现代信息技术一样，可以分为4个层次：1.物流信息基础技术，即有关元件、器件的制造技术，它是整个信息技术的基础。例如微电子技术、光子技术、光电子技术、分子电子技术等。2.物流信息系统技术，即有关物流信息的获取、传输、处理、控制的设备和系统的技术，它是建立在信息基础技术之上的，是整个信息技术的核心。其内容主要包括物流信息获取技术、物流信息传输技术、物流信息处理技术及物流信息控制技术。3.物流信息应用技术，即基于管理信息系统(MIS)技术、优化技术和计算机集成制造系统(CIMS)技术而设计出的各种物流自动化设备和物流信息管理系统，例如自动化分拣与传输设备、自动导引车(AGV)、集装箱自动装卸设备、仓储管理系统(WMS)、运输管理系统(TMS)、配送优化系统、全球定位系统(GPS)、地理信息系统(GIS)等等。4.物流信息安全技术，即确保物流信息安全的技术，主要包括密码技术、防火墙技术、病毒防治技术、身份鉴别技术、访问控制技术、备份与恢复技术和数据库安全技术等.二、物流信息技术在国内应用现状在国内，各种物流信息应用技术已经广泛应用于物流活动的各个环节，对企业的物流活动产生了深远的影响。1.物流自动化设备技术的应用物流自动化设备技术的集成和应用的热门环节是配送中心，其特点是每天需要拣选的物品品种多，批次多、数量大。因此在国内超市、医药、邮包等行业的配送中心部分地引进了物流自动化拣选设备。一种是拣选设备的自动化应用，如北京市医药总公司配送中心，其拣选货架(盘)上配有可视的分拣提示设备，这种分拣货架与物流管理信息系统相连，动态地提示被拣选的物品和数量，指导着工作人员的拣选操作，提高了货物拣选的准确性和速度。另一种是一种物品拣选后的自动分拣设备。用条码或电子标签附在被识别的物体上(一般为组包后的运输单元)，由传送带送入分拣口，然后由装有识读设备的分拣机分拣物品，使物品进入各自的组货通道，完成物品的自动分拣。分拣设备在国内大型配送中心有所使用。但这类设备及相应的配套软件基本上是由国外进口，也有进口国外机械设备，国内配置软件。立体仓库和与之配合的巷道堆垛机在国内发展迅速，在机械制造、汽车、纺织、铁路、卷烟等行业都有应用。例如昆船集团生产的巷道堆垛机在红河卷烟厂等多家企业应用了多年。近年来，国产堆垛机在其行走速度、噪音、定位精度等技术指标上有了很大的改进，运行也比较稳定。但是与国外著名厂家相比，在堆垛机的一些精细指标如最低货位极限高度、高速(80米/秒以上)运行时的噪音，电机减速性能等等方面还存在不小差距。2.物流设备跟踪和控制技术的应用目前，物流设备跟踪主要是指对物流的运输载体及物流活动中涉及到的物品所在地进行跟踪。物流设备跟踪的手段有多种，可以用传统的通信手段如电话等进行被动跟踪，可以用RFID手段进行阶段性的跟踪，但目前国内用的最多的还是利用GPS技术跟踪。GPS技术跟踪利用GPS物流监控管理系统，它主要跟踪货运车辆与货物的运输情况，使货主及车主随时了解车辆与货物的位置与状态，保障整个物流过程的有效监控与快速运转。物流GPS监控管理系统的构成主要包括运输工具上的GPS定位设备、跟踪服务平台(含地理信息系统和相应的软件)、信息通信机制和其他设备(如货物上的电子标签或条码、报警装置等)。在国内，部分物流企业为了提高企业的管理水平和提升对客户的服务能力也应用这项技术，例如去年底，沈阳等地方政府要求下属交通部门对营运客车GPS设备工作进行了部署，从而加强了对营运客车的监管。3.物流动态信息采集技术的应用企业竞争的全球化发展、产品生命周期的缩短和用户交货期的缩短等都对物流服务的可得性与可控性提出了更高的要求，实时物流理念也由此诞生。如何保证对物流过程的完全掌控，物流动态信息采集应用技术是必需的要素。动态的货物或移动载体本身具有很多有用的信息，例如货物的名称，数量、重量、质量、出产地、或者移动载体(如车辆、轮船等)的名称、牌号、位置、状态等一系列信息。这些信息可能在物流中反复的使用，因此，正确、快速读取动态货物或载体的信息并加以利用可以明显地提高物流的效率。在目前流行的物流动态信息采集技术应用中，一、二维条码技术应用范围最广，其次还有磁条(卡)、语音识别、便携式数据终端、射频识别(RFID)等技术。(1)一维条码技术：一维条码是由一组规则排列的条和空、相应的数字组成，这种用条、空组成的数据编码可以供机器识读，而且很容易译成二进制数和十进制数。因此此技术广泛地应用于物品信息标注中。因为符合条码规范且无污损的条码的识读率很高，所以一维条码结合相应的扫描器可以明显地提高物品信息的采集速度。加之条码系统的成本较低，操作简便，又是国内应用最早的识读技术，所以在国内有很大的市场，国内大部分超市都在使用一维条码技术。但一维条码表示的数据有限，条码扫描器读取条码信息的距离也要求很近，而且条码上损污后可读性极差，所以限制了它的进一步推广应用，同时一些其他信息存储容量更大、识读可靠性更好的识读技术开始出现。(2)二维条码技术：由于一维条码的信息容量很小，如商品上的条码仅能容纳几位或者十几位阿拉伯数字或字母，商品的详细描述只能依赖数据库提供，离开了预先建立的数据库，一维条码的使用就受到了局限。基于这个原因，人们发明一种新的码制，除具备一维条码的优点外，同时还有信息容量大(根据不同的编码技术，容量是一维的几倍到几十倍，从而可以存放个人的自然情况及指纹、照片等信息)，可靠性高(在损污50%仍可读取完整信息)，保密防伪性强等优点。这就是在水平和垂直方向的二维空间存储信息的二维条码技术。二维条码继承了一维条码的特点，条码系统价格便宜，识读率强且使用方便，所以在国内银行、车辆等管理信息系统上开始应用。(3)磁条技术：磁条(卡)技术以涂料形式把一层薄薄的由定向排列的铁性氧化粒子用树脂粘合在一起并粘在诸如纸或塑料这样的非磁性基片上。磁条从本质意义上讲和计算机用的磁带或磁盘是一样的，它可以用来记载字母、字符及数字信息。优点是数据可多次读写，数据存储量能满足大多数需求，由于器粘附力强的特点，使之在很多领域得到广泛应用，如信用卡、银行ATM卡、机票、公共汽车票、自动售货卡、会员卡等。但磁条卡的防盗性能、存储量等性能比起一些新技术如芯片类卡技术还是有差距。(4)声音识别技术：是一种通过识别声音达到转换成文字信息的技术，其最大特点就是不用手工录入信息，这对那些采集数据同时还要完成手脚并用的工作场合、或键盘上打字能力低的人尤为适用。但声音识别的最大问题是识别率，要想连续地高效应用有难度。目前更适合语音句子量集中且反复应用的场合。(5)视觉识别技术：视觉识别系统是一种通过对一些有特征的图像分析和识别系统，能够对限定的标志、字符、数字等图象内容进行信息的采集。视觉识别技术的应用障碍也是对于一些不规则或不够清晰图像的识别率问题而且数据格式有限，通常要用接触式扫描器扫描，随着自动化的发展，视觉技术会朝着更细致，更专业的方向发展，并且还会与其他自动识别技术结合起来应用。(6)接触式智能卡技术：智能卡是一种将具有处理能力、加密存储功能的集成电路芯版嵌装在一个与信用卡一样大小的基片中的信息存储技术，通过识读器接触芯片可以读取芯片中的信息。接触式智能卡的特点是具有独立的运算和存储功能，在无源情况下，数据也不会丢失，数据安全性和保密性都非常好，成本适中。智能卡与计算机系统相结合，可以方便地满足对各种各样信息的采集传送、加密和管理的需要，它在国内外的许多领域如：银行、公路收费、水表煤气收费等得到了广泛应用。(7)便携式数据终端：便携式数据终端(PDT)一般包括一个扫描器、一个体积小但功能很强并有存储器的计算机、一个显示器和供人工输入的键盘。所以是一种多功能的数据采集设备，PDT是可编程的，允许编入一些应用软件。PDT存储器中的数据可随时通过射频通信技术传送到主计算机。(8)视频识别(RFID)：射频识别技术是一种利用射频通信实现的非接触式自动识别技术。RFID标签具有体积小、容量大、寿命长、可重复使用等特点，可支持快速读写、非可视识别、移动识别、多目标识别、定位及长期跟踪管理。RFID技术与互联网、通讯等技术相结合，可实现全球范围内物品跟踪与信息共享。从上述物流信息应用技术的应用情况及全球物流信息化发展趋势来看，物流动态信息采集技术应用正成为全球范围内重点研究的领域。我国作为物流发展中国家，已在物流动态信息采集技术应用方面积累了一定的经验，例如条码技术、接触式磁条(卡)技术的应用已经十分普遍，但在一些新型的前沿技术，例如RFID技术等领域的研究和应用方面还比较落后。

GPS1. SpaceThe space is part of GPS satellite by 24 work [1], it is located above the surface of the 20 200km, evenly distributed in six track surface (4) each track surface, orbit for 55 ° Angle. In addition, there are four star orbiting satellites active backup. The distribution of satellite in global anywhere at any time can be observed in 4 above, and can keep good satellite positioning accuracy of geometrical image solution. This provides a continuous on time in the global navigation skills. GPS satellite produces two groups, one group called Morse code (C/A Coarse/Acquisition Code11023MHz), A group called the P (Procise Code 10123MHz), P Code for higher frequency, not suffer interference, high precision, so by the U.S. military control, and the password, generally, mainly for folk cannot U.S. military service. C/A code for measures to lower accuracy, and deliberately used mainly open to folk.2. The ground controlThe ground control station by a master, five global stations and 3 ground control station. There are equipped with precision of the station clock and continuous measuring cesium visible satellites to accept machine. The satellite observation stations will obtain data, including the ionosphere and meteorological data, after initial treatment, to master station. Master station from various stations, satellite tracking data calculated the orbit and clock parameters, then will result to 3 ground control station. The ground control station in each satellite run over to the navigation, master station instructions and data into a satellite. The injection of each star GPS satellite, and in every time inject stood range from satellite before finally injection. If a ground fault, so in the satellite navigation of stored information can also be used for a period of time, but the navigation precision will gradually decrease.3. User equipment partsUser equipment parts namely GPS signal receiver. Its main function is to capture by certain Angle of satellite deadline to choose to follow these satellites and satellite, the operation. When the receiver to capture the satellite tracking, after receiving antenna can be measured and satellite pseudo distance and the distance change, satellite orbits parameters, such as the demodulation data. Based on these data, the receiver can handle the computer by positioning solution method and computing the user's position in the longitude and altitude geographical position, speed, time, etc. The hardware and software receivers in GPS data post-processing software package and form a complete GPS user equipment. GPS receiver unit and receiving antenna structure is divided into two parts of the unit. Receiver generally USES machine and together two kinds of dc power supply. Setting machine aims to replace the power supply without interruption continuous observation. In use within the time machine power battery charging automatically. After shutdown, machine battery power for the RAM, memory, in order to prevent the loss of data. At present various types of accept machine, weight and small volume and light, facilitate the field observation.The Ground control system (by now), the Station so the control Station (Master), so now the Antenna (Ground), the Antenna control Station, colo springfield, Colorado (are). The ground control station is responsible for collecting information by satellite, and alex, relative to star satellite data from the atmosphere correction. Secondly, the existing users receiver for two and two, double-frequency due to price factor, general user buys more for single-rate receiver.Aiming at the application of GPS road engineeringThe application of GPS in road construction, is mainly used to establish various road engineering control network and determination of the control points electricity, etc. Along with the rapid development of the highway to survey technology, puts forward a higher request, due to long, known points less, therefore, with the conventional measure method not only, and the net difficulties are hard to meet the requirement of high precision. At present, China has gradually establish lines using GPS technology, then head high precision control network layont wires with conventional methods. Practice has proved, in a few tens of kilometers within the scope of the point error only 2 centimeters, reached the conventional method to realize the accuracy, but also greatly ahead of time. GPS technology also applied to the control measure of large bridge. Since it is unnecessary to tong, can form strong nets, improve accuracy of inspection, via conventional measure fulcrum is effective. GPS technology in the measurement of the tunnel has broad prospect of application, GPS, reduced need through conventional method, the intermediate links, therefore, high speed, high accuracy, significant economic and social benefits.A GPS navigation and traffic management in automotive applicationsThree-dimensional navigation is the primary function, GPS, ships, aircraft and ground vehicles pacers can use GPS navigation device for navigation. Car navigation system is in the global positioning system (GPS developed on the basis of a new technology. Car navigation system by GPS navigation, self-discipline, navigation and microprocessor, speed sensor, gyro sensor and cd-rom drives, LCD display. GPS navigation systems and electronic map, radio communication network, computer vehicle management information system, combining can achieve vehicle tracking and traffic management and many other functions.A GPS in long-distance passenger vehicle management application (for example),In the first set of professional long-haul GPS vehicle management system, and long-distance communication GPS intelligent management system, for example, it is combined with the satellite positioning technology, GPRS/CDMA communications business, GIS, image collection technology, computer network technology, and database in the company to build a passenger control (C/S structure and B/S structure combining), and the other for points, the public security bureau and control YunGuan departments and departments of the control system, established by the control center system, wireless communication system platform (GPRS/CDMA), global positioning system (GPS), four parts and trackside equipment all-weather, a full range of driver and vehicle tracking management platform, System can be registered vehicle dynamic tracking and monitoring implementation, pictures, driving record, management, data analysis and so on the function, monitoring vehicles in electronic map, and display of vehicles running track data, Operating terminal optional internal network or the Internet server to visit and through the center to provide online IE browser integrated passenger management data analysis of the control system (B/S structure), And the capacity of the system software available according to the center of the hardware configuration and operating terminal server, the most greatly expanded, net vehicles 500,000 can not only is long, can the passenger vehicles such social vehicles. And the system still can use group management, different types of vehicles into different groups, facilitate the operation management.GPS technology application examples in the navigatorGPS navigators international leading brand: Ahada YiHang (of) -- from silicon valley, now login China!The core products function:1) map queryA penny saved is a penny gained in operation on a terminal search your destination location.A penny saved is a penny gained can record you always want to place, and retain information, also can be Shared with others and the location information.A penny saved is a penny gained fuzzy query your attachment or a location near the station, hotel, such as ATM.2) route planningA penny saved is a penny gained GPS navigation system will be set according to the starting point and destination, automatic programming line.A penny saved is a penny gained planning routes whether can be set to pass some ways.A penny saved is a penny gained planning routes whether can avoid high-speed etc. Function.3) automatic navigationA penny saved is a penny gained speech navigation:To provide drivers advance in speech, navigation condition intersection traffic information, such as a way to understand the wizard tells you how to drive to the destination. Navigation in one of the most important function, make you need, through watching operation terminal voice prompt can safe destination.A penny saved is a penny gained picture navigation:In the end, will display operate maps and position of the car now, driving speed, the destination of the route, planning, crossing the road to tip.A penny saved is a penny gained redesign line:When you have the line planning, or go wrong when crossing, GPS navigation system according to your present position, for you to plan a new route to the destination.GPS principleGPS navigation system is the basic principle of measuring the satellite to known position of the distance between the user receiver, and then integrated satellite data can know the location of the receiver. To achieve this objective, the position of the satellite can according to record the clock time on satellite star found in a calendar. Visible GPS navigation system is part of the satellite launch navigation ceaselessly. However, due to the use of the user to accept machine with satellite space-borne clock clock synchronization, may not always except user 3d coordinate x, y, z, will also introduce a Δ t is the difference between the satellite and the receiver as unknown, then use four equations will these four unknown. So if you want to know, the receiver's place at least four satellites can receive the signal.GPS receiver can receive the GPS clock can be used to accurately on the two levels of second time information, Used to forecast the next few months in the general position of satellite prediction star alex, Can be used to calculate the location for the satellite radio star alex, the coordinates for a few meters to dozens of accuracy of each different, rice (change) satellite, And the GPS system information, such as satellite.GPS receiver to code measurement can get satellite receiver, because of the distance to the clock contains receiver satellite transmission error, error and the atmosphere is called pseudorange. 0A yards of measured pseudorange called UA yards pseudorange and accuracy for about 20 meters of P yards, measured pseudorange called P yards pseudorange and accuracy for about 2 meters.GPS receiver of received signal, decoding technology, or other information on the carrier modulation in removed, can restore carrier. Strictly speaking, the carrier phase should be called the carrier frequency phase, it is patted the received by doppler frequency influence of satellite signal receiver carrier phase and machine generated signal phase difference oscillations. General bell in the epoch receiver determined to keep time measurement, satellite signal, it can track record of phase change, but start when the value of the receiver and satellite observations of the oscillator is not know the initial phase of the epoch, also don't know phase integers, namely the fuzzy degrees, only in data processing as parameters. Phase observations of high precision and mm, but the premise is a whole week, so only in fuzzy relative positioning, and a continuous observation can use phase observations, and to achieve superior level meters positioning accuracy of also only using phase observations.According to the localization way, GPS positioning and relative into single point positioning (difference). According to a single point positioning receiver is the observation data to determine the position of the receiver, it only USES pseudorange observation, can be used as a compendium of navigation and positioning vehicles. Relative location (difference) is based on the observation data of two above receiver to determine the relative position between the observation methods, it can be adopted pseudorange observation may adopt phase observation and geodesy or engineering measurement shall be made phase observation value relative positioning.In the GPS observation satellite and the receiver is contained in the clock, atmospheric propagation delay, the multipath effect etc, in the positioning error when calculating by satellite radio star alex, the influence of error in relative positioning error when most public offset or weakened by positioning accuracy, so will greatly improve, double-frequency receiver can according to the observation of two frequency offset the atmosphere, the main part of the error of the ionosphere, high accuracy in the distance between the receiver when significant difference (air), should choose double-frequency receiver.