论文研究中国移动财务

1. Foreword end of the year in sight, we look back on 2004 we can see that in this year, 3G technologies and products continues to grow one hand, the target of the increasingly urgent demands of 3G licenses. Therefore, the deployment of 3G networks and services on a global scale has been greatly increased. By the end of 2004, global 3G UMTS users has reached 16 million. Almost all major European mobile communications operators in the European market with a 3G business services. In this backdrop, France Telecom (France Telecom) mobile communications operator Orange. also in the second half of 2004 in Britain and France in the commercial market, has launched a 3G service and a broader range of coverage. This paper will present a brief introduction of the 3G network construction Telecom/Orange France, and the important experience, and gives our understanding of the future development of the mobile communications network. 2.France Telecom/Orange 3G networks and services, as a veteran of the European telecom companies. France Telecom in the fixed telephone, mobile communications, Internet access and virtual private network and other business areas have very strong strength. Among them, mobile telecommunications operator Orange is the second largest mobile telecommunications operator in Europe. In Britain, and France have the highest market share of the market. To 2004, the Orange GSM mobile phone network has covered 16 countries of the world. the total number of users exceeded 56 million. Based on this background, France Telecom/Orange development of the next generation network in the process. take a relatively pragmatic strategy. Through the process of launching 3G services in 2004, France Telecom/Orange we will be able to understand this development. UMTS network in order to better understand the actual performance, and accumulated operating experience, a potential problem. Telecom/Orange France in the spring of 2004 began in a number of cities in France known as "UMTS pilot cities" (Villes Pilotes UMTS) commercial pilot project. In this project, wireless network equipment from different suppliers and core network equipment has been deployed in the Lille. France and Toulouse, Cannes and other major cities, to more than 5,000 users who experiment with a pre-business services. its operations include a video phone, Web browsing, video news, online games, cell phone, television, instant messaging and so on. Meanwhile, France Telecom/Orange also established a new center for the development of 3G (3G Developer Center). The amount of business developers to provide an open, close to the actual network environment. 3G development and testing for the new business, in order to promote the development and application of 3G new business. July 19, 2004, Orange launched the first 3G commercial service in the United Kingdom. initial coverage of the British and 66% of the population and almost all the major cities. This situation is still not ideal for 3G terminals. Orange first launched against business users of mobile data cards Office (3G Mobile Office Card) to business users with high-speed mobile data access services. Meanwhile, in order to test mobile phones and network performance, identify potential problems, to test more than 2,000 mobile phone users with a pre-commercial service. Markets in France, beginning September 6 in Orange also provide similar data card service business. December 9, 2004, Britain and France after the large market test In both France Telecom/Orange formal launching of the 3G mobile phone market business services. Among them, 70% of the UK population covered by the market, the French market. cover all cities with populations over 200,000 and 64% of the urban population of over 100,000. The market for commercial terminals from LG, Sanyo, Samsung, Nokia and Sony Ericsson. To meet the needs of different user needs, Orange were to ordinary business users and consumers with a wide range fee program. Meanwhile, through Orange World users of this platform to provide the value-added data services. As of December 31, 2004, in less than a month's time. Orange 3G users had reached 16,500. In the year 2005, to further expand the coverage and the number of users of mobile data services. France Telecom/Orange expansion of the 3G network and will further optimize the one hand, Meanwhile in France in 2005, the market started to deploy EDGE network EDGE as a supplement to the 3G UMTS network to provide high-speed data services in rural and remote markets. 2005, and EGDE based on the UMTS mobile high-speed data network will cover 85% of the French population. To 2006, Orange 3G users in France is expected to reach two million. Meanwhile, Telecom/Orange in France, Belgium and Switzerland will launch 3G services market. Romania and Slovakia and in the deployment of EDGE network to provide high-speed data market. And business services through the deployment of 3G networks, the launch of France Telecom access to a lot of valuable experience. Next, we will make a brief presentation of these revelations and experience. 3.3G France Telecom/Orange through the deployment of the 3G network construction experience, The other major European mobile communication operators to combine the experience, we can draw some useful lessons. Attention test attention to the existing 2G and 3G technologies accumulated in the relations can be described as a revolutionary system combined with inheritance. New air interface technology, a complex network and terminal equipment to enable the deployment of 3G network vastly more difficult. This requires operators to provide business services as much as possible before the accumulation of experience, discover problems. Massive network testing is the only way to achieve this goal. Orange found a large-scale network systems and terminals to test the potential problems, Optimization of network quality has provided great help. Separately, as cellular mobile communication systems, 2G and 3G systems still have some common features. Therefore, the accumulation of full deployment of 3G networks will be able to provide tremendous support. As a traditional telecommunications operators, France Telecom has a huge research and development center (FTR&D). Currently, the R & D staff have FTR&D over 4000. In the area of mobile communications, FTR&D has accumulated more than 10 years of research, Whether technical or network planning is the key and there is a lot of research results. These research results and the resulting algorithm tool for conducting business with the deployment of 3G networks have provided vital technical support. For example, FTR&D in wireless network planning, The large number of research results and optimization software tools for the deployment and optimization of 3G network to provide direct assistance. Use features, advantages, as a play with the fixed network operators. Mobile networks and the Internet business in the telecommunications operator. France Telecom will launch 3G service in the process, take full advantage of their superiority in the operation of their business. For example, there has been a video phone system has been regarded as a symbol of 3G business. To further expand the scope of the application of visual telephony, improve user acceptance of this business. France Telecom/Orange completed the 3G video phone and fixed telephone networks and the Internet visual integration. Orange mobile phone users are free to the fixed network video phone with MaLigne visio Wanadoo visio Internet video phone users and users of video calls. Meanwhile, Orange has developed a video message and other operational characteristics. These measures contribute to the promotion of business and promote user acceptance and use of new business. After 10 years of network quality essential to the continuous improvement of the quality of service 2G network has been close to perfection. Accustomed to the almost ubiquitous in the 2G network coverage and reliable network quality, mobile users to 3G networks will require a similar or higher. Moreover, the system itself or whether 3G network planning, optimization technology, there are still numerous problems. how to reduce the gap between the two. network operating costs and service quality and to seek an effective balance between all 3G operators need to face. At present, the major users of 3G data services for business users, but 3G network coverage is still limited. Therefore, the availability of a reliable system to improve indoor coverage and switching between re-election and will greatly influence the use of experience. To improve indoor coverage, operators must balance the cost and quality of services. 3G/2G system and the re-election and switching involves the adjustment of parameters and standards to the continuous improvement. Meanwhile, accurate and efficient algorithm for rational planning tool for network, and enhance the quality of the network would be a great help. Based on years of accumulation, FTR&D designed for the 3G network to provide automatic, automatic optimization of propagation prediction. network simulation tool for a variety of algorithms. These tools are optimized for the 3G network deployment, and provide a huge support. The terminal is operational bottlenecks with the continuous development of mobile communications industry. regardless of the physical layer technology is the key to the application layer and the value-added business of terminal equipment are made increasing demands. And the terminal has lagged behind in the development of high technologies and market demand. On the 3G system, as early as two years ago. Based on the R99 version of UMTS network equipment was basically sound and stable, but not until 2004. began massive deployment of the 3G network, which is the main reason for the imperfections of terminal equipment. Today, the stability of terminal equipment, supply and pricing constraints 3G business promotion is still a major factor. Some data shows that the number of terminal equipment problems caused by the disconnection more than 50% of the total number of disconnection. This shows that the quality of service and user terminal equipment to experience significant impact. To ensure the quality of terminal, improved user experience, France Telecom/Orange spent a large amount of energy to the terminal available for a large-scale test. Only through the terminal equipment of all candidates for the test is likely to be put on the market. Thus, while the end result may be relatively slow to enter the market, but to ensure the quality of service and enhance system performance. 4. As for the future development in the deployment of 3G networks, the launch After 3G technology on the international telecommunications industry to discuss the increasingly warm. Beyond 3G, supper concepts have come out of 3G, Wi-Fi, WiMax wireless broadband access technology for 3G business constitutes a certain impact and challenges. Confronted with this situation, could not avoid the traditional telecommunications operators, only to meet the challenges and are well prepared. As for the future of wireless networks, France Telecom and the other principal members of the European telecom industry in the same perspective, that the future of wireless networks will coexist in a variety of wireless access network technology, This would be a GSM/GPRS, UMTS and other traditional cellular technology, there will be WiFi. WiMax wireless broadband technology, but also a new air interface technology of the future. As telecommunications operators. Our biggest goal is always to provide users with the best possible connection (Always Best Connected). To achieve this goal, the telecommunications operators must be able to coexist in a wide range of wireless access technology coordination with the work. So, how to achieve a variety of wireless access technology cooperation and mutual development. France Telecom R & D center has become a priority. To achieve this goal the harmonious coexistence of multiple access technology. System capacity can be re-allocation (reconfigurability) will be an important factor. In the wireless communications system to introduce more software components. Software defined radio (Software Defined Radio. SDR) will be the key to improving the distribution system can be important. Therefore, the EU has funded a number of research projects, such as : E2R (End-to-End QCMIS), to study the theory and implementation of SDR. France Telecom R & D centers have been actively involved in these projects. We hope that through these activities will be able to find a way to a future mobile communication network development, We will always provide the best for the user to achieve the goal of connecting. 5. Group 1985 as Europe's leading telecommunications operator, France Telecom operators in the area of mobile communications is a lot of accumulated experience and technology. We have and will continue to make the development of the whole mobile phone industry's contribution. As France Telecom R & D center overseas laboratories, France Telecom Mobile Communications, a research and development center in the direction of the research areas covered by end-to-system 2.5G,3G to B3G from various technical fields. We hope to engage more in-depth with the exchanges and cooperation and jointly promote the 3G mobile communication industries.

市场营销毕业论文范文-市场的营销管理一、问题的提出 本文所分析的市场主要是指交易的地点和场所，即马克思所界定的“狭义的市场”，诸如集贸市场、小商品批发市场、农产品批发市场等形式。 “建一个市场，兴一门产业，富一方经济”曾是农村市场经济发育过程中一幅形象生动的画卷。许多地区正是由于通过兴建市场，带动了地方经济的发展。一段时间内，投资兴建市场成为经济活动中的一大热点。但是问题也很快显露出来，不少市场生意清淡，日趋衰落几近“空壳”，还有许多市场完全闲置。调查中，笔者见到不少杂草过膝的“机动车交易市场”，天天晒地皮的“农产品批发市场”和卷帘门紧闭、空荡荡寂静无声的工业品交易中心，也见到一些昔日十分繁荣、人气兴旺的市场在二期三期扩建工程后却走向衰败。 一个市场的兴衰成败，有着十分复杂的原因。对市场的经营管理是否得当，是其中一个带有普遍性的十分重要的变量。而这正是目前被人们所疏忽的。本文试图从营销管理（Marketing Management）的层面对此作一些分析。 投资兴办一个市场，其目的是要有一定的回报。这种回报可能是直接的经济利益的回报，也可能是通过带动当地经济的发展、增加税收等方面间接的经济利益上的回报。因此，建市场可以界定为一种经济行为，无论投资主体是政府还是其他经济主体。另一方面，投资兴办市场的目标是吸引和方便交易者，以便从他们的交易额中得到回报。投资者提供了一种“交易便利”，而进场交易者，则是这种便利的需求者和使用者。可见，市场建设者与市场交易者之间的关系实质上是一种交换关系。由于前者是相对主动积极的一方，构成实际的“营销者”，而后者则构成前者的“市场”（顾客），这种关系是可以纳入到营销管理的分析框架加以分析的。[1]（P.20-24） 二、市场营销什么——顾客、价值与营销 在市场活动中，市场的投资兴办者和市场的使用者构成“营销者一顾客”关系。市场的使用者分两类主体：售卖者和购买者，当然他们之间构成另一层面的“营销者一顾客”关系。 市场的使用者——不管是其中的售卖者还是购买者，他们在市场的投资兴办者——市场的营销者所提供的“适宜的场所”相遇、发生交易、实现各自的目的。由于使用了这种“适宜的场所”得到了“交易的便利”而向市场的营销者付费（摊位租赁费、市场管理费及其他费用）。当然这种付费在形式上是由其中的一方——售卖者统一“理单”的。可见，“适宜的场所”是市场的营销重点，而“交易便利”则是顾客价值之所在，也是市场的营销核心。 那么，什么样的场所是“适宜的”？“交易便利”的标准是什么呢？显然，对售卖者而言，是足够多的购买者和低廉的交易成本；对购买者而言，则是足够的售卖者和低廉的交易成本。所以最终答案可以明确地归结为一个：最有利于汇集售卖者和购买者之间的交易且交易的成本费用最小。因此如何汇集市场交易，如何降低市场上的售卖者和购买者之交易成本，是市场的营销管理者必须考虑的头等大事，因为这是顾客的核心价值和利益所在。 具体而言，以下一些方面体现着售卖者和购买者的利益，决定着能否汇集足够的交易和交易成本的大小，是市场营销的主要方面。（l）合适的地点：要求市场的营销者在投资建设市场时广泛研究，科学选址。（2）合适的时间：要求市场的营销者确定合适的开市时间。（3）合适的设施：要求市场的营销者提供适当的附加设施，方便交易。（4）良好的秩序：要求市场的营销者加强管理，建立良好的市场秩序。（5）良好的形象：要求市场的营销者重视市场的形象建设，建立美誉度。（6）良好的知名度：要求市场的营销者重视市场的宣传，扩大影响，提高知名度。（7）适度的规模：要求市场的营销者注重研究和分析，搞好发展规划。（8）低廉的费用：要求市场的营销者适度收费。重视市场使用者的经济利益。这八个方面的营销管理任务，可以通过具体的营销组合加以落实和完成。 三、市场如何营销？——产品、价格与促销 市场的营销策略在战术层次落实在营销组合4P’S方面，和一般的产品营销不同，市场的营销不需要考虑分销渠道决策方面的任务。 1．关于产品策略 在现代营销管理的分析框架中，能够提供给顾客（市场），满足其需要和欲望的任何事物都构成产品的范围。而且围绕某种核心利益（价值），产品还是一个呈现层次性并具有扩展性的“产品的整体”概念。 在市场所提供的“产品”中，其核心产品（价值）是“交易便利，成本低廉”，其形式产品是“合适的地点”、“合适的时间”、“合适的设施”，其扩展产品（附加产品）是“良好的秩序”、“良好的形象”、“良好的服务’、“良好的知名度”等等。市场的产品策略，包含了上述诸多方面的决策。 第一，科学选址是个关键。 市场的特殊性在于是在我选定的地点等待售卖者和购买者前来相遇并发生交易，可见这个地点十分关键。其他工作再出色，如果选址不科学不合理，这个市场成功的可能性不会很大。调查中发现，很多空壳市场之所以空壳，选址不科学是十分明显的“先天性”缺陷。调查中还发现一些城市中建设的“农贸市场”冷冷清清，而附近的“马路市场”生命力十分顽强，有关管理部门屡禁不止，除了管理上的问题外，选址的不科学可能是其中十分重要的原因。 选什么样的地点是科学的呢？答案是能够汇集足够多的交易者且交易费用最小的空间区位点。对售卖者而言，购买者越多，成交的可能性越大，越有价值；空间距离越近，或交通运输越方便，交易成本越低，越有价值。对于购买者而言同样如此。当成交的可能性与空间距离不一致时，会呈现某种替代，最终会形成一种动态的均衡。这种均衡表现为市场具体的辐射范围或“商势圈”（关于市场建设中商圈理论的应用笔者已另撰文分析，见《中国流通经济》2000年第一期）。所以，成功的市场在区位上会有某些共性，形成种种市场模式：或者是一种产地市场，如义乌小商品市场、常熟招商城，这类市场由于靠近生产基地容易汇集足够多的售卖者，以致购买者觉得跨越一定空间距离依然有交易的便利和低廉的采购成本。或者是一种销地市场，这类市场能汇集足够多的购买者，以致售卖者觉得跨越一定空间距离依然划算，如诸多的城市农贸市场。或者是一种中转型市场，这类市场因为交通运输特别方便，以致售卖者和购买者都觉得在这个点上交易，完成一次转手是一种节省交易成本的形式。 因此，科学选址应该考虑：一是能否汇集足够多的售卖者，如在某个产品的产地建市场的成功可能性较大。二是能否汇集足够多的购买者，例如，城镇农贸市场能否成功关键在于能否汇集和方便足够多的购买者，所以规划布局很重要。三是是否处于大的流通的中间地带，作为中转地能在商品流通特别是“物流”中明显节省交易成本。调查发现，不成功的市场绝大多数不符合上述三条中的任何一条，许多地方政府的热情很高，但没有作认真研究，凭想象造市场，认为只要有市场就会引来交易，还美其名曰“栽下梧桐树，引得凤凰来”，殊不知，“凤凰”栖树，是趋利而择，凭空造市，没有区位优势，造出来往往只是“壳”而很少能成为市。 第二，“市场”这个产品是个丰满的整体。 重视市场的硬件建设，忽视市场的“软件”建设是目前许多地区市场建设中一个普遍存在的问题。硬件设施不断上档次，从露天市场变成全天候室内市场；从一期工程到二期三期工程扩建，许多地区确实舍得投入，但市场的生意并没有同步兴旺，有些市场甚至不如从前。通过调查我们发现，这里存在两个明显误区。 一是硬件设施的建设脱离实际的需要。盲目上档次，追加投入最终加重了“交易者”的负担，减少了他们的赢利空间，进而减少了该市场“价格”的优势，减少了该市场的广泛吸引力，导致生意日益清淡。二是忽视“软件”建设带来了一系列的问题。这一点更突出。有的市场缺乏良好的秩序，不法商贩欺行霸市；有的市场假冒伪劣横行，声誉日益败坏；有的市场治安不力，交易者蒙受损失，缺乏安全感；有的市场帮派林立恶性竞争；有的市场缺乏良好的服务等等。所有这些最后的共同结果是增加了交易成本和费用，销蚀了该市场的核心利益，从而失去了市场存在的基础，逐渐空壳。 现代营销管理强调产品的整体性、层次性和拓展性。对于“市场”这个产品也是一样。场所、地点、设施只是其中表层的东西，仅仅只是提供给顾客的价值的“载体”，营销管理的任务是提供给顾客一种“综合价值”（利益），而不仅是载体本身。对于顾客而言，“合适的地点’、“合适的设施”、“合格的时间”、“良好的秩序”。“良好的形象”、“良好的服务”都是其利益的构成。因此“市场”这个产品同样是一个丰满的整体。拓展市场建设的工作范围，纠正忽视‘嗽件”建设的偏差，为顾客提供更多的价值和利益，是目前市场的营销管理中需要重视的一个方面。 2．关于价格策略 在市场的营销管理中，价格策略表现为各种形式的收费，包括摊位的租赁费、管理费以及各种有偿性服务的收费决策。在市场收费中，有些收费属税费和行政性规费，除去这一块以后的其他收费则属于市场的营销者价格决策的范畴。 在市场的营销管理活动中，不少市场投资者存在认识上和工作上的偏差。认为一个市场在一定的区域内具有相对垄断性，因此，市场一旦建成就是“聚宝盆”，就是“提款机”。所以巧立各种名目滥收费，使商贩们不堪重负、怨声载道，许多市场由此而衰。 我们认为在市场上存在着三方主体同时进行着两场交易游戏。作为市场投资者的市场的营销管理者和作为市场服务需求者的售卖者（商贩）、购买者，在市场的营销管理者与售卖者、购买者之间存在着交易游戏，在售卖者与购买者之间存在着另一场交易游戏。从动态上看，两场游戏得以维持的前提必须是“三赢”。“双赢”或者是“单赢”都是不可持续的。三者之间是一种“一损俱损，一荣不是荣”的相互寄生关系。市场定价过高，首先影响售卖者的利益，影响其经营成本和商品价格，进而影响购买者的利益，最终使市场失去吸引力。一个缺乏广泛吸引力的市场不可能是一个成功的市场。当然，售卖者不能赢利的市场也不可能长期存在。所以必须是“三赢”，而且作为市场的营销管理者必须首先考虑和帮助售卖者和购买者“双赢”，在这个基础上达成自己的赢利。从营销实践看，正反两方面的例证实在太多。为什么各地的马路集市屡禁不绝，而规划建设的农贸市场商贩却不愿进场？各种繁重的收费就是一个重要原因。为什么浙江市场能成气候，从小小的集市发展出一个个大型专业市场，同样和良好的服务、优惠的入市条件有密切关系，广泛吸引全国各地的厂商和商贩进场交易，最终形成辐射全国，甚至东南亚的大市场、大流通格局。 在一定的区域内，市场是否存在垄断性，值得怀疑，除非这种垄断是由区域发展规则所规定的行政性垄断，但即使是这样的垄断也是很脆弱的，如果不能实现上述“三赢”，同样不能生存。 实际上，从市场的价格构成看，十分明显的成本特征是其成本结构中主要部分是固定成本，而变动成本所占比例甚小。这样的成本结构适用“薄利多销”的原则，只要能吸引足够多的客流量，增加成交额，就能从薄利中盈大利。在市场开放初期或缺乏人气的特殊时期，甚至可能采用只考虑弥补变动成本的“边际贡献定价法”吸引售卖者进场。这是培育市场的“造市”手法之一。 3．关于促销策略 促销是一个十分重要但普遍没有引起市场营销管理者重视的问题，和铺天盖地的商品促销相比，有关市场的广告宣传和其他促销活动寥若晨星。其实，市场的促销同样十分重要。一个市场的吸引力有多强，辐射圈有多广，商势圈有多大，都和这个市场的知名度有密切的关联。通过有力度的促销，通过市场知名度和美誉度的提高，市场完全可能进一步拓展其商势圈的空间范围。曾有媒体报道，某非法废旧机动车市场一经媒体曝光竟使其生意火红偌于先前。这从反面佐证了市场促销的功效。从流通经济学的角度讲，市场是经济活动流中“商流’“物流”“信息流”的汇集点，其中信息流是商流和物流的基础，畅通的信息有助于商流和物流的进一步壮大，各种“流”越是通畅顺达，越有利于流通的实现，有利于这个汇集点对外扩展，而市场的促销从中起到了润滑的作用。 市场的促销方式很多，广告、宣传报道是最适宜的方式，因为这两种方式具有覆盖面广的性质。市场的营销者应该增加促销预算，在提高知名度和美誉度上下功夫。对于市场的营销者而言，市场的知名度和美誉度是其最重要的最有价值的财富之一，有了知名度和美誉度才能“招天下商客”，才能兴旺发达。 四、市场的营销管理的总体把握一一环境分析、优势定位和竞争 市场的兴衰除了和上述战术层面的营销管理把握正确与否相关以外，和环境变迁也有着密切的联系，深受其影响。深入分析市场面临的环境因素及其变化趋势，及时调整营销规划和营销方案是市场的营销管理中的又一项重要任务。 影响市场兴衰的环境因素很多，有政治法律方面的因素，诸如市场管理方面的法律、法规、行政规章等等。也有社会文化方面的因素，诸如人们的价值观念、经商传统等等。调查中发现浙江不愧为“市场大省”。一是浙江的各类市场数目繁多，规模大，经营繁荣；二是全国各类市场中的经营者浙江籍的为数最多，各地市场的摊位几经易主，最后大多会落入浙江人手中；三是全国各地市场中特别是工业品、日用品、小商品大多为浙江货。这种现象可能只有在社会文化层面才能找到最终答案。除此之外还有经济环境方面的重要影响因素，诸如产品结构、商业周期、经济发展阶段等等。（p.308-329）还有自然环境方面的各种影响因素和技术环境方面的各种因素影响，诸如交通运输条件、自然条件、通讯技术、物流技术、商流技术等等。环境因素对市场的影响是客观存在的，其影响可能是正面的影响，也可能是负面的影响。前者是一种新的潜在发展机会，而后者是一种“环境威胁”。作为市场的营销管理者要能够充分发掘和利用有利于市场兴盛繁荣的因素，同时识别各种现实的和潜在的“环境威胁”，采取一定的措施消除和避免其不利的影响。这是现代营销管理的一种基本思路，在市场的营销管理中同样十分有效，需要营销者足够重视。 一个市场的存在和发展必定有其存在和发展的合理性，这种合理性表现为某些相对的“优势”，这种优势是市场发展之本。 市场常见的相对优势主要有：（l）区位优势，例如靠近产地，容易汇集厂商；靠近交通运输枢纽有利于降低物流成本等等。（2）信息优势。由于有足够的信息流，能灵敏反映市场的供求状况变化，发现“真实价格”。（3）声誉优势。良好的声誉能增加交易者彼此的信任感，减少其风险预期和交易成本。优势越明显，就越具备吸引力，越有可能成“市”。缺少优势的市场最终可能只是“宽”，不大可能是兴旺发达的“市”。因此，作为市场的营销管理者，营造出自己独特而又明确的相对优势是营销管理中的战略性任务。 不同的市场之间会有一定的竞争。这种竞争主要表现为对购买力的分割。在城市农贸市场布点、工业品市场规划等方面这一点尤为突出，规划布点不合理会影响市场的发展。但市场之间的竞争有时会是一种共生关系，甚至是互补关系。这主要是因为市场在空间上的集中，有利于汇集更多的信息，从而实现信息优势的增效，构建出一个影响力更大覆盖面更广的市场群。因此在市场营销管理中，竞争性营销策略的设计有别于其他产品的营销。互补、共生、优势放大（增效）是处理竞争关系时必须认真研究、充分利用的重要方面。 总之，市场的营销和其他产品的营销一样必要。重视市场的营销有利于提高市场的经营管理水平，更好地满足市场参与者的需要，也是提高市场效益的重要方面。将现代营销管理的框架和方法引入市场的经营管理活动之中，有助于目前市场管理中许多问题的解决，有助于市场的兴旺发达

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汉英错误全部修改如下，包括标点符号和歧义问题，力求简练：Meeting the objectives 该论文包含4个目标。第一个目标是了解中国移动通信的发展、产品的市场竞争、产品结构和消费需求。笔者对中国移动通信的发展仅作了简单介绍，故认为第一个目标完成的不好。笔者在后面的论文完成中又重新收集了相关信息，故第一个目标的完成状况给论文完成带来了不便。This paper contained four objectives. The first one is to know the development, marketing competition, product configuration, and consumer demands of China Mobile Communications (CMC). CMC development was only introduced briefly, thus the author thought he had completed the first objective not very well, which brought inconvenience to the rest part of the paper, for the author recollected some related information later.我的第2个目标是，中国移动通信的资本结构分析、财务状况及其主要优缺点、机遇与挑战。作者认为这个目标完成的最好：首先，作者在网上收集了很多非常重要的、全面的而且符合需要的信息；其次，网上有关中国移动通信的机遇和挑战方面的信息非常丰富，同时作者也到图书馆找到了有关该公司机遇和挑战的书籍；最后，为使读者更清楚明白地了解该公司的定价策略，作者运用了图表进行说明，故完成该目标时得心应手。The second objective is CMC capital structure analysis, financial status, its main advantages and disadvantages, as well as its opportunities and challenges. The author thinks that this objective was the best one being completed among the four objectives. Firstly, the author collected plenty of important, comprehensive; secondly, information relative to CMC opportunities and challenges is very rich in the internet, in parallel with that, the author also found some related books in the library; finally, the author demonstrated the company's pricing strategy using figures to let the readers understand it more clearly, therefore I was really at ease when achieving this objective. 我的第3个目标是分析中国移动通信市场上的国内移动通信公司。该目标基本完成但仅是根据需要简单的完成，因作者没有花费很多时间去筛选信息，故结果没有什么亮点。The third objective is to analyze the domestic mobile telecommunication companies in CMC market. It is basically completed only according to the author’s demand; the result has not highlights for the author had not spent much time on info-screening.我的第4个目标是，总结的移动通信市场的长处和弱点。总的来说这个目标完成的不错，因为作者在介绍该公司市场经营状况时给出了很多网络资料及一些专家专著中获得的数据，所以有很大权威性和实用性，这对该公司在以后的发展中有借鉴的意义。The last objective is to the summarization of the advantages and disadvantages of CMC market. Generally, this objective's completion is fairly acceptable for the author introduced a lot of data obtained in the internet as well as in some experts’ books in the introduction of the company's marketing operational state, hence the data are authoritative and practical, which can be taken as a reference in the company's future development. Effectiveness of planning and implementation stages 在写简介时，作者本欲选择中国汽车产业，但是认为国外汽车市场发展的比中国市场好的多且竞争力也比中国的强，故并无多大信心。后来在同学帮助下决定选择研究当前我国移动通信市场情况，根据这些情况确定其战略和竞争策略。论文完成时间比计划晚了一个多星期，本来以为当时自己准备的很充分，但在实际写作中才发现很多不足，特别是信息收集上，计划不引用太多网上信息然而实际上却引用了很多，所以在收集信息上耽误了一些时间。在implementation stages，为做详细调查，我之前就在图书馆借到相关书籍（张维迎：《博奕论与信息经济学》）；但实际写作中该书没有用上，因为该公司网站已把所需信息介绍的非常详细全面。（一会相关，一会无关，病句！）When writing the brief, I originally intended to choose Chinese automobile industry, but I thought foreign automobile market has been developed better than that of China, so does its competitiveness, thus the author had little confidence in the theme. Later, I decided my choice of studying the market state of current CMC market under my classmates' help and determine its competition strategies. The paper expiration time was tagged one week behind the intention. I thought I had got enough preparation until I found many shortages especially in info-collection in practical writing. I didn't intend to introduce too much internet information, but actually I used a lot. In implementation stages, I had borrowed a related book in the library for securitization (Weiying Zhang: Game Theory and Information Economics); But the book was not used in the practical writing for thorough and comprehensive information had been introduced on the company website. Assessment of strengths and weakness of the report 在整个报告中，我的结构和格式不是太符合报告的要求。首先，在第2阶段的完成中，我的层次分的比较乱，让人看起来不方便不清晰。其次，在Brief中我所要计划完成的目标有一些小的方面我没有完成，这是我论文中的一个缺陷。但是，我的论文中也有很多优点，第一，我运用了图表进行说明，这算是一个比较创新的方法。第二，分析中国移动通信费用的价格与宏观和微观经济学理论, 产价格理论; 分析市场供求情况,我国移动通信相关的宏观和微观经济学 论供求理论，这些理论很有实际意义和说服力。In the whole report, the structure and format of my paper isn’t in accordance with a report's requirement. Firstly, the hierarchy of the completion of the 2nd stage is fairly confusing, which makes it inconvenient and unclear to read; secondly, something details remained uncompleted in the objectives in the brief, which is a defect of my paper. 但是，我的论文中也有很多优点，第一，我运用了图表进行说明，这算是一个比较创新的方法。第二，分析中国移动通信费用的价格与宏观和微观经济学理论, 产价格理论; 分析市场供求情况,我国移动通信相关的宏观和微观经济学 论供求理论，这些理论很有实际意义和说服力。(汉语不通！)But there're also many advantages. Firstly, I used figures to illustrate being a fairly innovative method; secondly, I analyzed CMC cost, macro & microeconomics theory relative to CMC, as well as the production-price theory, market supply and demand analysis, which have practical significance and persuasion. Recommendations for future investigations 通过完成brief和plan，我认为要提高自己的综合能力，在做什么计划时候都要先做好充分的准备，否则就会手忙脚乱。其次，要大胆的去创新，去尝试，充分发挥自己的能力和水平。最后，时间安排一定要合理，按着程序去做，这样会给自己的论文完成带来方便。Through the completion of the brief and plan, I think integrated abilities only can be improved under enough preparation, or else it will fall in a muddle; secondly, we should dare to innovate and try to fully exert our abilities and levels, finally, time arrangement should be reasonable and operated under a certain procedure.

随着时代的发展，网络通信已广泛地应用于政治、军事，经济及科学等各个领域，它改变了传统的事务处理方式，对社会的进步和发展起着很大的推动作用。下面我给大家带来通信工程专业 毕业 论文题目_通信专业论文怎么选题，希望能帮助到大家!

通信工程毕业论文题目

1、 通信工程项目管理系统集成服务浅探[J]

2、 试述我国通信工程发展现状与前景[J]

3、 网络传输技术在通信工程中的应用探析[J]

4、 通信工程中多网融合技术的应用问题探析[J]

5、 探究有线传输技术在通信工程中的应用及发展方向[J]

6、 探讨通信工程项目的网络优化[J]

7、 应用型通信工程专业计算机类课程建设研究[J]

8、 结合3G/4G网络与GPS定位技术实现通信工程现场监理[J]

9、 通信工程的风险管理探讨[J]

10、 如何解决通信工程管理中的问题[J]

11、 通信工程设计单位标准化管理研究[J]

12、 传输技术在通信工程中的应用解析[J]

13、 通信工程施工管理模式的创新研究[J]

14、 通信工程中有线传输技术的应用及改进[J]

15、 通信工程项目中的风险管理与控制策略研究[J]

16、 探析通信工程中传输技术的广泛应用[J]

17、 浅谈通信工程项目的质量管理[J]

18、 项目管理 方法 在移动通信工程管理中的应用研究[J]

19、 通信工程项目管理研究[J]

20、 通信工程光缆施工的质量控制探讨[J]

21、 试论在通信工程施工过程中信息化管理的应用[J]

22、 浅谈传输技术在通信工程中的应用及发展[J]

23、 浅谈通信工程技术传输的有效管理策略[J]

24、 信息通信工程中传输技术的有效应用[J]

25、 铁路通信工程中无线接入技术的应用探究[J]

26、 试论通信工程的特点及发展现状与前景[J]

27、 浅谈通信工程发展前景[J]

28、 以华为公司为例探析通信工程技术的社会经济价值[J]

29、 传输技术在通信工程中的应用与发展趋势[J]

30、 通信工程建设进度控制研究[J]

31、 关于多网融合在通信工程中的应用分析[J]

32、 基于通信工程传输技术的应用研究[J]

33、 强化通信工程安全管理的对策[J]

34、 通信工程存在的经济问题和发展分析[J]

35、 通信工程管理在项目中的应用[J]

36、 探讨通信工程项目的网络优化方式[J]

37、 传输技术对通信工程的作用[J]

38、 浅谈通信工程传输技术的应用[J]

39、 通信工程中有线传输技术的应用及改进[J]

40、 刍议通信工程传输技术的现状与未来发展[J]

41、 浅析我国通信工程发展现状与展望[J]

42、 通信工程项目管理中关键点的标准化研究[J]

43、 软交换技术在通信工程中的应用及发展方向[J]

44、 探究通信工程专业学生就业现状及对策研究[J]

45、 如何提高通信工程监理企业的竞争力[J]

46、 通信工程监理企业竞争力探析[J]

47、 浅谈通信工程信息技术[J]

48、 通信工程中土建工程质量控制探讨[J]

49、 通信工程项目管理中系统化、集成化实现的路径分析[J]

50、 通信工程中有线传输技术的改进研究[J]

移动通信毕业论文题目

1、大数据分析在移动通信网络优化中的应用研究

2、典型移动通信基站电磁环境影响模型化研究

3、高速移动通信场景下基于LTE-A中继系统的资源调度关键技术研究

4、基于专利信息分析的我国4G移动通信技术发展研究

5、移动通信基础设施建设中多方合作研究

6、移动通信基站管理系统的设计与实现

7、“营改增”对内蒙古移动通信公司 财务管理 的影响及对策研究

8、低轨宽带卫星移动通信系统OFDM传输技术研究

9、雷电脉冲对移动通信基站影响的研究

10、平流层CDMA移动通信蜂窝网的性能研究

11、B3G/4G系统中的无线资源分配的研究

12、下一代移动通信系统中跨层资源分配研究

13、基于OFDM的GEO卫星移动通信系统关键技术研究

14、下一代移动通信系统中的关键传输技术研究

15、基于SCP的海峡两岸移动通信产业比较研究

16、多场景下移动通信系统业务承载性能研究

17、未来移动通信系统资源分配与调度策略研究

18、高速铁路移动通信系统性能研究

19、下一代移动通信网络中的无线资源管理与调度策略研究

20、下一代卫星移动通信系统关键技术研究

21、混能供电移动通信网络的节能方法研究

22、移动通信数据挖掘关键应用技术研究

23、移动通信系统中的认证和隐私保护协议研究

24、基于移动通信定位数据的交通信息提取及分析方法研究

25、电信运营商在移动通信标准发展中的产业作用关系研究

26、天津移动通信市场非线性预测及面向3G的发展策略研究

27、移动通信产业链创新系统研究

28、移动通信智能天线关键技术研究

29、移动通信运营商产品品牌 文化 研究

30、宽带移动通信系统资源调度和干扰管理的研究

31、未来移动通信基站体系结构--定性理论、方法与实践

32、移动通信系统中天线的分析与设计

33、基于客户的移动通信品牌资产模型及影响机理研究

34、中国移动通信业价格竞争行为研究

35、具有NFC功能的移动通信终端电路设计

36、具有电子支付功能的移动通信终端软件设计

37、移动通信服务业顾客满意度及忠诚度影响因素比较研究

38、移动通信企业 市场营销 成本管理研究

39、移动通信 无线网络 建设项目的质量管理研究

40、卫星移动通信系统编码协作技术

通信工程专业论文题目

1、基于61单片机的语音识别系统设计

2、红外遥控密码锁的设计

3、简易无线对讲机电路设计

4、基于单片机的数字温度计的设计

5、甲醛气体浓度检测与报警电路的设计

6、基于单片机的水温控制系统设计

7、设施环境中二氧化碳检测电路设计

8、基于单片机的音乐合成器设计

9、设施环境中湿度检测电路设计

10、基于单片机的家用智能总线式开关设计

11、 篮球 赛计时记分器

12、汽车倒车防撞报警器的设计

13、设施环境中温度测量电路设计

14、等脉冲频率调制的原理与应用

15、基于单片机的电加热炉温

16、病房呼叫系统

17、单片机打铃系统设计

18、智能散热器控制器的设计

19、电子体温计的设计

20、基于FPGA音频信号处理系统的设计

21、基于MCS-51数字温度表的设计

22、基于SPCE061A的语音控制小车设计

23、基于VHDL的智能交通控制系统

24、基于VHDL语言的数字密码锁控制电路的设计

25、基于单片机的超声波测距系统的设计

26、基于单片机的八路抢答器设计

27、基于单片机的安全报警器

28、基于SPCE061A的易燃易爆气体监测仪设计

29、基于CPLD的LCD显示设计

30、基于单片机的电话远程控制家用电器系统设计

31、基于单片机的交通信号灯控制电路设计

32、单片机的数字温度计设计

33、基于单片机的可编程多功能电子定时器

34、基于单片机的空调温度控制器设计

35、数字人体心率检测仪的设计

36、基于单片机的室内一氧化碳监测及报警系统的研究

37、基于单片机的数控稳压电源的设计

38、原油含水率检测电路设计

39、基于AVR单片机幅度可调的DDS信号发生器

40、四路数字抢答器设计

41、单色显示屏的设计

42、基于CPLD直流电机控制系统的设计

43、基于DDS的频率特性测试仪设计

44、基于EDA的计算器的设计

45、基于EDA技术的数字电子钟设计

46、基于EDA技术的智力竞赛抢答器的设计

47、基于FPGA的18路智力竞赛电子抢答器设计

48、基于USB接口的数据采集系统设计与实现

49、基于单片机的简易智能小车的设计

50、基于单片机的脉象信号采集系统设计

51、一种斩控式交流电子调压器设计

52、通信用开关电源的设计

53、鸡舍灯光控制器

54、三相电机的保护控制系统的分析与研究

55、信号高精度测频方法设计

56、高精度电容电感测量系统设计

57、虚拟信号发生器设计和远程实现

58、脉冲调宽型伺服放大器的设计

59、超声波测距语音提示系统的研究

60、电表智能管理装置的设计

通信工程专业毕业论文题目相关 文章 ：

★ 通信工程毕业论文题目

★ 通信工程毕业论文题目

★ 通信工程毕业论文选题

★ 通信工程专业毕业论文

★ 通信工程的毕业论文范例(2)

★ 通信工程的毕业论文(2)

★ 通信工程的毕业论文参考范文

★ 通信工程方面毕业论文(2)

★ 通信工程的毕业论文优秀范文(2)

★ 通信工程本科毕业论文

Meeting the objectives I have 4 goals in mine paper to have to complete. The firstgoal is, understood the China mobile communication the development,its product competes in the market Product structure and expensedemand I thought this goal I complete am not good, mainly is inintroduced the China mobile communication in the development, Icomplete am not good, I only was simple said with 12 speeches,certainly not the detailed introduction, this completed to the behindpaper had not the good influence, completed me in the behind paperanew to collect the related information, completed for own paperbrings has been inconvenient. My 2nd goal is, capital structureanalysis China mobile communication its finance condition and its maingood and bad points each detail Also has these opportunities and thechallenge I thought this goal is I completes well, first, in order tocollect the information, I have on-line collected very manyinformation, these information count for much are comprehensive,moreover also very much conforms to my need. Next, in studies theChina mobile communication the opportunity and the challenge aspect,on-line information extremely rich, simultaneously I also went to thelibrary to find the related books, inside these books had theintroduction about this company's opportunity and the challengematerial, finally, in order to clearly make the reader clearer tounderstand I to this company's fixed price strategy research, I alsoutilized the graph to carry on the explanation, therefore I whenachieved this goal was extremely handy. My 3rd goal is, analyzes theChina mobile communication market the mobile communication company inChina, this goal I basically was have completed, completed is veryordinary, because I only was according to need simple completing,certainly has not spend the very much time to fill chooses theinformation, therefore in completing no luminescent spot. My 4th goalis, summarizes strong point and weakness, in these mobilecommunication market. Generally speaking this goal I complete alsocalculate good, because I in introduced this company in thecorrespondence market, has produced very most according to, these dataare from the on-line collection, but also some as soon as writes inthe book which the expert leaves to obtain, therefore very big权威性 and the usability, will have the model to this company inthe later development the significance. Effectiveness of planning and implementation stages When writes Brief, I originally am the plan choose Chinese theautomobile industry, but thought the overseas automobile developswants good many compared to China's market, moreover the competitiveability also compared to China's good, thought oneself studies the notvery big confidence, afterwards, under schoolmate's help I decidedchose the research to analyze the current our country mobilecommunication market conditions to determine own strategy and thecompetition strategy produced. In completed the paper in the timecompared to plan evening more than weeks, thought at that time thoughtoneself prepared and full, but in actual writing only then discoveredhad very many insufficiencies, specially to the information collectionin, the plan was does not have the useful that many on-line collectioninformation, in fact actually used to be very many, therefore incollection information delay and some time. In implementation stages,in order to make the detailed investigation, in front of me on borrowsthe correlation in the library the books (Zhang Weiying: "Game theoryAnd Information economics"); But in actual writing not usefully tothis book, because this and I study topic not too big relation,because already needed in this company's website me the informationintroduction extremely detailed has been comprehensive, therefore hassaved these procedures. Assessment of strengths and weakness of the report In the entire report, my structure and the form are not tooconforms to the report requirement. First, in 2nd stage completing, mylevel minute quite chaotic, lets the person look like is notconvenient is not clear. Next, I must plan the goal in Brief whichcompletes, has some small aspects I not to complete, this is in an mypaper flaw. But, in my paper also has very many merits, first, Iutilized the graph to carry on the explanation, this was a comparisoninnovation method. Second, analyzes the China mobile communicationexpense the price and macroscopic and the microeconomics theory,produces the price theory; Analyzes the market supply and demandsituation, our country mobile communication is related macroscopic andthe microeconomics discusses the supply and demand theory, thesetheories have the practical significance and the persuasive power verymuch. Lecommendations for future investigations Through completes brief and plan, I thought must sharpen ownsynthesizing capacity, is making any plan time all must first preparefor full, otherwise can be thrown into confusion. Next, wants to bebold innovates, attempts, fully displays own ability and the level.Finally, in the time arrangement, the reason which certainly mustarrange, is doing according to the procedure, like this can give ownpaper to complete brings conveniently.参考一下吧