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4 。结论 本文提出了一种参数调查缺损现象与理论分析和有限元制定的挤压过程是。为参数分析，五个重要的工艺参数进行了研究。从数值结果，已观察到，车轮速度并不影响分离的现象，而其他参数。摩擦系数和相对闪存差距直接相关的物质流ratethrough闪存差距和展览几乎相同的效果，增加了克制的缺陷比例 程度。另一方面，相对高度限制坝肩缺陷发生根据其增加而挤压比有利于增加。 此外，限制挤压比率建议对其他工艺参数，例如，该进程可以挤出产品的内部缺陷。

Punching die has been widely used in industrial production.In the traditional industrial production,the worker work very hard,and there are too much work,so the efficiency is low.With the development of the science and technology nowadays,the use of punching die in the industial production gain more attention, and be used in the industrial production more and more.Self-acting feed technology of punching die is also used in production, punching die could increase the efficience of production and could alleviate the work burden，so it has significant meaning in technologic progress and economic value.The article mainly discussed the classification,feature and the developmental direction of the pnnching technology. Elaborated the punching components formation principle, the basic dies structure and the rate process and the principle of design; and designed some conventional punching die:the die for big diameter three direction pipe which solved the problom of traditional machining,the drawing and punching compound die with float punch-matrix,the drawing and cutting compound dies with unaltered press,the compound die for the back bowl of the noise keeper,the design of the compound die which could produce two workpieces in one punching,the bending die for the ring shape part ,the bending die which used the gemel ,automate loading die for cutting, the drawing,punching and burring compound dies with sliding automated loading,the punching die for the long pipe with two row of hole,the drawing die for the square box shape workpiece and the burring die for the box shape workpiece.The punching dies that utilized the feature of the normal punch shaped the workpiece in the room temperature,and its efficiency and economic situation is excellent.The dies here discussed can be easily made,conveniently used, and safely operated.And it could be used as the reference in the large scale production of similar workpieces.CAD and CAM are widely applied in mould design and mould making. CAD allows you to draw a model on screen, then view it from every angle using 3-D animation and, finally, to test it by introducing various parameters into the digital simulation models(pressure, temperature, impact, etc.) CAM, on the other hand, allows you to control the manufacturing quality. The advantages of these computer technologies are legion: shorter design times(modifications can be made at the speed of the computer),lower cost, faster manufacturing, etc. This new approach also allows shorter production runs, and to make last-minute changes to the mould for a particular part. Finally, also, these new processes can be used to make complex parts.Computer-Aided Design(CAD)of MouldTraditionally, the creation of drawings of mould tools has been a time-consuming task that is not part of the creative process. Drawings are an organizational necessity rather than a desired part of the process.Computer-Aided Design(CAD) means using the computer and peripheral devices to simplify and enhance the design process .CAD systems offer an efficient means of design, and can be used to create inspection programs when used in conjunction with coordinate measuring machines and other inspection equipment.CAD data also can play a critical role in selecting process sequence.A CAD system consists of three basic components: hardware, software, users. The hardware components of a typical CAD system include a processor, a system display, a keyboard, a digitizer, and a plotter. The software component of a CAD system consists of the programs which allow it to perform design and drafting functions. The user is the tool designer who uses the hardware and software to perform the design process.Based on the 3-D data of the product, the core and cavity have to be designed first. Usually the designer begins with a preliminary part design, which means the work around the core and the cavity could change. Modern CAD systems can support this with calculating a split line for a defined draft direction, splitting the part in the core and cavity side and generating the run-off or shut-off surfaces. After the calculation of the optimal draft of the part, the position and direction of the cavity, slides and inserts have to be defined .Then in the conceptual stage, the positions and the geometry of the mould components---such as slides, ejection system, etc.----are roughly defined. With this information, the size and thickness of the plates can be defined and the corresponding standard mould can be chosen from the standard catalog. If no standard mould fits these needs, the standard mould that comes nearest to the requirements is chosen and changed accordingly---by adjusting the constraints and parameters so that any number of plates with any size can be used in the mould. Detailing the functional components and adding the standard components complete the mould(Fig.23.1).This all happens in 3-D. Moreover, the mould system provides functions for the checking, modifying and detailing of the part .Already in this early stage, drawings and bill of materials can be created automatically.Through the use of 3-D and the intelligence of the mould design system, typical 2-D mistakes---such as a collision between cooling and components/cavities or the wrong position of a hole---can be eliminated at the beginning. At any stage a bill of materials and drawings can be created---allowing the material to be ordered on time and always having an actual document to discuss with the customer or a bid for a mould base manufacturer.The use of a special 3-D mould design system can shorten development cycles, improve mould quality, enhance teamwork and free the designer from tedious routine work. The economical success, however, is highly dependent upon the organization of the workflow. The development cycles can be shortened only when organizational and personnel measures are taken. The part design, mould design, electric design and mould manufacturing departments have no consistently work together in a tight relationship.Computer-Aided Manufacturing(CAM)of MouldOne way to reduce the cost of manufacturing and reduce lead-time is by setting up a manufacturing system that uses equipment and personnel to their fullest potential. The foundation for this type of manufacturing system is the use of CAD data to help in making key process decisions that ultimately improve machining precision and reduce non-productive time. This is called as computer -aided manufacturing (CAM).The objective of CAM is to produce, if possible, sections of a mould without intermediate steps by initiating machining operations from the computer workstation.With a good CAM system , automation does not just occur within individual features. Automation of machining processes also occurs between all of the features that make up a part, resulting in tool-path optimization. As you create features ,the CAM system constructs a process plan for you .Operations are ordered based on a system analysis to reduce tool changes and the number of tools used.On the CAM side, the trend is toward newer technologies and processes such as milling to support the manufacturing of high-precision injection moulds with 3-D structures and high surface qualities. CAM software will continue to add to the depth and breadth of the machining intelligence inherent in the software until the CNC programming process becomes completely automatic. This is especially true for advanced multifunction machine tools that require a more flexible combination of machining operations. CAM software will continue to automate more and more of manufacturing's redundant work that can be handled faster and more accurately by computers , while retaining the control that machinists need.With the emphasis in the mould making industry today on producing moulds in the most efficient manner while still maintaining quality, moludmakers need to keep up with the latest software technologies-packages that will allow them to program and cut complex moulds quickly so that mould production time can be reduced. In a nutshell, the industry is moving toward improving the quality of data exchange between CAD and CAM as well as CAM to the CNC, and CAM software is becoming more "intelligent" as it relates to machining processes_resulting in reduction in both cycle time and overall machining time. Five-axis machining also is emerging as a "must-have" on the shop floor-especially when dealing with deep cavities.And with the introduction of electronic data processing(EDP)into the mould making industry, new opportunities have arisenin mould-making to shorten production time, improve cost efficiencies and higher quality.

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全文翻译:4.结论本文提出了一种参数调查缺损现象与理论分析和有限元制定的挤压过程是。为参数分析，五个重要的工艺参数进行了研究。从数值结果，已观察到，车轮速度并不影响分离的现象，而其他参数。摩擦系数和相对闪存差距直接相关的物质流量通过闪存差距和展览几乎相同的效果，增加了克制的缺陷比例程度。另一方面，相对高度限制坝肩缺陷发生根据其增加而挤压比有利于增加。此外，限制挤压比率建议对其他工艺参数，例如，该进程可以挤出产品的内部缺陷.