英式幽默毕业论文

英美文学比如爱默生的超验主义，梭罗的瓦尔登湖，海明威的英雄，每个作家都与美国的文化息息相关。再如英国的文学，莎士比亚，弥尔顿，以及他们与英国文化的关系。

交流包括有言语性交流和非言语性交流。non-verbal communication中包括有眼神，面部表情，姿势，手势。不同国家人们在交流过程中非语言交际的方式也不同，会闹出很多笑话，你可以从这个角度来说。很多有意思的例子。

英语毕业论文答辩稿范文（精选8篇）

一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束，我们毕业前都要通过最后的`毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式，快来参考毕业论文是怎么写的吧！下面是我帮大家整理的英语毕业论文答辩稿范文，希望对大家有所帮助。

Good morning, all appraises committee members. I am XXX and my supervisor is XXX.

With his constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.

Now it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is Comparative Study between English and Chinese idioms.

With the developing globalization, communication demand precise language.

Idioms are not a separate part of the language, we cannot omit. Studying the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms would be helpful to cross-cultural understanding and it’s also a good advance to our future if we can learn well.

For the above facts, I select the subject of “comparative study between English and Chinese idioms” as the title of my paper.

In the main part of this paper, I divide it four parts.

Part one presents general introduction to the basic concept and the studying purpose.

Part two presents overview of the Chinese and English idioms; it concludes similar origins and similar functions. Part three emphasize differences between English and Chinese idioms.

Through contrast analysis of well-known Chinese and English language, found the differences cultural discrepancy and the translation of animal words. Part four draws some conclusions that characteristics of English and Chinese idioms. And it is helpful to cross-culture .It’s necessary for a better understanding of international promotional communication. OK, that’s all. Thank you.

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense.

I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

Good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. I’m Zhang Da and my supervisor is Professor Zhang Jingcai. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. First of all, I really want to be a teacher, so during the four years, I have read many books about how to become a good teacher. Secondly, when I was a freshman in the summer of 2008, I was chosen as a teaching assistant of the summer camp which was organized by the New Oriental English School in Shijiazhuang. In the summer camp, I rewrote a script of an English drama to be one of the programs of the open ceremony. It was very popular among those students. They thought it was very interesting. In 2010, I was practiced as an English teacher at Chenguantun Middle School in Qinhuangdao, I found that the students have little interest towards English learning, so I hoped I could help them. So I use the Drama Method as my teaching method. Almost all of the students were highly motivated by the interesting teaching method and they have made great progress in the exam one month later. So the research proved that the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. For the above facts, I select the subject of On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this topic we can find an effective teaching method to help all the students’ English learning in junior high school.

Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.

Part one presents an introduction to identify the major problem of junior high school students’ English learning problems

Part two overviews all relevant researches in drama application in teaching oral English.

Part three is the research design, the research hypothesis, the subjects of the research, the research methods and the research procedures are conducted.

Part four is the findings from research data. After analyzing the data with Excel 2007, pedagogical findings and implications are delivered before the conclusion of the thesis.

Part five draws some conclusions about the research. As what has been shown in the research, there are a lot of benefits from drama performance; the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. In addition, there are some suggestions for forthcoming researches.

OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.

Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style

in from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.

Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .

This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.

Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!

I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.the title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.i hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.the way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.so when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.next, it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five parts.part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.ok! that is all. thank you!

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any correction.The topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.Angela Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve into.With the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and propositions.Next, is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five parts.Chapter one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the thesis.Chapter two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the future.Chapter three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual relationship.Chapter four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist matriarchy.And her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two genders.Chapter five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further study.OK! That is all. Thank you!

Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m *** and come from class *. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. Li.With his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.

Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.

Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.

Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.

For the above facts, I select this title.

Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.

The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.

The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.

The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.

The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.

The last part is the conclusion.

I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.

When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.

That’s all. Thank you.

当代英美文学之中的存在主义隶属于当代西方国家的哲学体系,也属于文学理论研究的重要的流派之一下面是我为大家整理的英美文学毕业论文，供大家参考。

一、引言

在中国，自古就有“书读百遍，其义自见”的古训。这句话的含义是在语言学习中，只要不断地进行阅读，在不知不觉中就会了解其中的含义。在英语学习中这个方法其实要一分为二地看待，一方面，通过不断诵读，确实能够有效地稳固学生对于单词、句子结构、整体语感的掌握，但是另一方面，由于英语并不是中国学生的母语，就是阅读再多遍，也不可能达到“其义自见”的程度。这种情况下，英美文学作品的重要性就凸显出来了。我们知道，文学作品是语言文字的集大成者，它是一项非常复杂的但是涵盖面极广的语言的精炼和巧妙的运用。文学作品对于语言文字的驾驭和使用只会高出一般语言文字的使用要求而不会比这个要求更低，那么在英语教学中，是不是可以引入英美文学这一元素，以培养学生英美文学素养这一教学目标来全面提升学生的英语成绩呢?答案是肯定的，经过教学实践，教师们发现，将大量的英美文学作品引入教学过程中，将培养学生英美文学素养作为重要教学目标并以此为基础进行教学活动的确能够极大提升学生的英语成绩，并且学生的英语驾驭能力也有了不小的提升，达到了兼具考试和实用两个层次的价值，对学生的全面成长是极为有利的。

二、当前大学英语教学中培养学生英美文学素养的必要性和可行性分析

1、培养学生英美文学素养能够让学生在潜移默化中更加深刻了解西方文化

文化是语言的基础，文化这一看不见摸不着的事物决定着语言的所有要素。任何一种语言都带有鲜明的地域特色，都是一个国家或者地区文明的精炼。同时语言又是文化的重要组成部分，甚至我们可以毫不夸张地说，对于一种语言的学习，其实就是对于该国家或者地区文化的学习。对于母语的学习和本国文化的学习存在着很大的难度，因为即便是再小的国家，也最少有数百年的历史，这数百年的历史积淀是极为深厚的，想要在短短十数年中精通是绝不可能的。这也就是中国学生每个人的语文成绩都不会太差，但是未必每个人的成绩都会很好的原因所在。本国语言的学习尚且如此，更遑论拒自己国家千里万里的，文化背景和历史完全不同的，文化差异特别巨大的国家的语言的学习。而每一个国家都有具备极强文字驾驭能力的人，他们的文学作品是对整个国家和民族语言的精炼与巧妙组合，不仅对语言文字的解析十分有帮助，还直接体现了本国的文化和社会背景。文化这种元素是无法进行教育的，只能自己去感悟，通过对大学生英美文学素养的培养，就能够提升学生对于英美文化的敏感程度。

2、有效提升学生综合英语能力

中国当前高校英语教育的主要要点就是听、说、读、写四个方面，但是其实我们从这几点就可以看出这个层次是非常低的。举例来说，对于非文学专业的语文教学来说，听和说不必考核，因为这是每一个中国人进行交流的前提，但是对于语文的考察却不会仅仅停留在能读懂和能写出两个层次，语文的考核会考核学生对于古文、现代文深刻的理解，要体会隐藏在纸面上的语言背后深层次的思想感情和文化元素。但是对于英语的考核就没有这么深入。当然，对母语的考核和对外语的考核肯定是要有所区别的，但是当前的英语教学是为了培养更多能够适应国际化的优秀人才，是要让这些学生将来能够在国际上与英语母语的人流畅沟通的，所以要求必须要提高。但是又因为英语不是中国人的母语，所以必须采取一些必要的手段来提升中国学生的英语能力，大量阅读英美文学作品并且体会其中的感情和文化就是不错的方法。

3、能够有效提升学生的审美能力，培养学生正确的价值观念

早在一千多年前的唐朝就有关于“兼听”和“偏听”的讨论。在语言的学习中亦是如此。尽管对于中国学生来说，坚定不移地信仰马克思主义才是正确的道路，但是如果能够对全世界范围内各种意识形态都有一种较为深刻的认识，会让学生的这种信仰更加坚定。并且刨除东西方文化差异和价值观念的碰撞这些直接的元素来考虑的话，任何一个国家都是会讴歌真善美、批判假恶丑的，在情感的表达上，这种人文的思潮是任何国家都一致的。并且当前的时代是全球一体化的时代，学生如果全面了解世界范围内的文化，对其审美能力和价值观念的培养是有很大的好处的。文学作品在提升审美和价值观念方面起到的作用是其他任何事物都无法比拟的，其中的人文性也是其他任何活动都望尘莫及的。

三、大学英语教学中培养学生英美文学素养的现实路径解析

1、培养学生英美文学素养亟待解决的问题探讨

要想全面提升学生的英美文学素养，绝不仅仅是多看基本英美文学名著就能达到目的的，还需要进行全面的准备和改革。第一，要进行教育体制上的必要革新。教育改革在我国已经持续了很多年了，但是似乎整个教育体制变动较大的只是基础教育，高等教育的改革力度似乎并不大。这其实是不科学的，因为高等教育承担着直接为社会输出人才的重要任务，其改革的成效将直接关乎整个教育改革的成败。那么具体到培养学生英美文学素养这一目标上，自然不可以免地要谈到应试教育和素质教育的天平倾斜。想要提升学生的英美文学素养，必然要做的是加大学生对于英美文学的阅读量。并且为了由于英语这门学科并不会吸引大多数的学生，所以有必要用相对的考核对敦促学生进行这方面的努力。当然，本身这种模式都是要打破应试教育的桎梏，考核自然也不能够仅仅是考试。可以适当举办一些活动和比赛，既增加趣味性，又提升学生的积极性，还能够让学生在实践中加深对于英美文学素养的理解，一举多得。第二，培养一支高水平的师资队伍就很有必要了。既然要求学生的英美文学素养有一定的提升，那么相应的，教师的英美文学素养必须也有所保障，并且教师在教学思想和观念上也应当有相应的提升。也就是说，高水平的师资队伍具体体现在两个方面，一是教师应当转变思想，正确认识到英美文学在英语教学中的重要作用，将英美文学在高等教育英语教学中的重要作用进行深刻的领会，并且主动地在自己的教学活动中进行必要的创新。教师在这种情况下的要求比传统的英语教师要高得多。在这种形势下，大学的英语教师必须具备扎实牢固的英语基础知识、对西方文化较为深刻的了解、对学生的英语水平有较好的整体把握、对世界各国的一些文化知识都有涉猎。这样能力全面的教师才能够真正担负起培养学生优秀的英美文学素养。第三，当前的英语教材亟需改编。英美文学素养的培养仅凭课上的部分讲解和课下的学生自觉是不能完全发挥其作用的，要做到将英美文学素养作为评价高校学生英语整体水平的重要要素之一，就需要对现有的英语教材进行改编。当前的英语教材是中国的相关专家和一些国外的相关专家联合编写的，这些教材的确更适合中国学生学习，但是却在文学性上有些许的不足之处。未来英语教材应当在保有现有的模式下，加入大篇幅的英美文学作品，使学生学习的不再是专门为他们设置的英语教材，而是原汁原味的英语作品，这样对培养他们真正的语感和适应未来的国际化社会是更加有利的。当然，英美文学作品加入教材中对于学生理解来说是产生了一些困难的，因为文学作品中往往存在大量俚语、修辞和非常规的英语用法，不过对于适应了这些困难以后的英美文学作品赏析就会变得更加简单。

2、培养学生英美文学素养的现实路径

在解决了基本的教育体制、教材、教师三方面的前提条件以后，就完全可以以学生为中心，针对学生的需求来进行文学素养的培养了。第一，要设置多元化的师生互动活动，改变传统的课堂教育模式。英美文学素养的培养不是靠学生读写和教师讲解就能够完全实现的，在教学实践中可以首先指引学生进行自主学习，在教师讲解之前自己先通读设定的篇章，找出自己完全无法理解的地方，用师生交流或者同学间的交流形式来解决这些问题;在课堂上多采取一些活动，例如文学作品的演绎、文学作品读后感的诵读等等，加深学生对文学作品的熟悉和敏感，也能够极大提升学生的积极性;在课外要进行规模更大、范围更广的活动，组织相关的社团组织，定期举办活动等等。第二，多利用当前的计算机技术和网络技术。当前的时代是计算机的时代和网络的时代，教师应当鼓励学生多从网络中获取英美文学作品的相关资讯，可以引导学生自主地了解作者的背景、文学作品的整体逻辑和脉络等等，并且借助于多媒体的设备，用各种声光影结合的形式改变以往仅仅给学生视觉刺激的教师模式。其实这种让学生通过多媒体设备和网络的教学方式，不仅能够在有限的时间内获取更多的文学作品的信息，还能够真正地将传统英语教学中的被动地“教”为主体向现在的主动地“学”而转变，培养学生的文学素养就变得更有成效。第三，要将理论与实践相结合，多鼓励学生说和写。每一个人阅读文学作品以后，或多或少地心中一定会有感悟，教师应当鼓励和引导学生将这种感受说出来或者写出来，让学生将自己心中模糊的感受在说和写的过程中不断清晰和深化，将这些在不断阅读中积攒的一点一滴逐渐融合成为学生的文学素养，使学生的英语学习效率和成果比传统的模式更上一层楼。

四、结语

中西方文化存在差异，这对培养学生英美文学素养来说有利也有弊，有利的一点是学生一旦对西方文化有一定程度的了解，那么对于英美文学素养的提升来说是非常明显的，不利的地方则是学生需要认知的事情太多、太繁琐了。但是其实能够正视和有效利用中西方文化差异的学生，才是未来社会需要的人才。教育问题永远是一个国家最为重视的问题之一，因为它直接关乎到一个国家和民族的未来。在我国的教育体系中，高等教育又承担着直接向社会输出人才的重要作用。在高等教育中，英语是各个专业都必须学习的必修课，但是教学和学习实效是非常差的。近些年来，相关的专家和学者不断地研究大学英语的创新出路，整个大学英语的教学模式都需要进行较大的变动。而在当前形势下，引入英美文学教学模式，培养学生英美文学素养成为了一项理论和实践都取得不小成果的手段。当然，这种模式还处在初级阶段，各项工作还不够完善，但是相信随着时代的发展和教育改革的不断深入，英美文学素养的培养必将成为全面提升学生英语能力的重要手段，为国家培养出更多优秀的适应国际化趋势的人才。

普通高校英美文学是英语专业主干课程之一，该课设置的目的不仅在于加强学生语言基本功训练，更是提高学生素质和培育人文精神的有效途径。《高等学校英语专业教学大纲》指出:“文学课程的目的在于培养学生阅读、欣赏、理解英语文学原著的能力，掌握文学批评的基本知识和方法。通过阅读和分析英美文学作品，促进学生语言基本功和人文素质的提高，增强学生对西方文学及文化的了解。”英美文学课在外语专业曾经备受青睐。然而，在“重技能，轻人文”的大潮冲击下，功利主义泛滥，实用型的课程如口语、听力、翻译课等成了重要的专业课程。英美文学课则显得可有可无，逐渐被边缘化。目前，很多高等院校在制定人才培养方案时，大大压缩英美文学课程。根据调查，河南省大部分本科英语专业的英美文学课时仅为72个学时，其中，英国文学36个学时，美国文学36个学时。每周两个课时的文学课，远远达不到预期的教学效果。

一、普通高校英语专业英美文学课程存在的问题

(一)课程设置概念不准确，内容不完整

英美文学史和文学作品选读是作为两门课程还是一门课的界定没有统一的标准。目前，大多数高校的外语学院都是把英美文学史和英美文学作品选读两门本应分开的课程合为一体，称为英美文学。还有些学校没有开设“英美文学史”这门课，只在学生进入大学三年级的时候分别开设一学期的英国文学和美国文学。学生对整个英美文学史没有系统和宏观的把握，就直接研读作品，使学生只掌握少数具体的作家作品，对各个文学流派、文学传承以及与时代的联系缺乏整体掌握。

(二)课时安排偏少，边缘化趋势突出

为迎合重商主义的社会风气，全国外语院系刮起了一股砍削文学课的飓风。更改教学大纲，削减文学课程，并不顾自己的实际，硬性增设经贸、金融等课程。英美文学课从一二十人小班的、讨论式的教学变成了一两百人的大班讲授式，从两个学年的课程“浓缩”到一个学年、甚至一个学期的课程。有的外语院系干脆把英美文学课定为选修课，英美文学课遭遇严重的“边缘化”。

(三)开设时间不合理，教学内容脱离学生实际

很多学生尽管是英语专业，但在大学一二年级很少接触英美文学作品，尤其是经典作品。文学功底差，到了大三突然接触深奥的文学作品，如经典剧作《浮士德》、《麦克白》等，感到艰涩难懂，因而没有学习兴趣，教学效果很差。实际上，文学课程担负着提高学生人文素质的重任，我们除了要重视专业教育外，也要在大学一二年级就加强学生在文学方面的教育，提高学生的外语综合素质。而学习外国文学是提高综合素质有效而重要的一环。

高校英语专业英美文学课程与教学的现状不利于英语专业学生文学素养的养成，大大降低了英语专业的教学质量。这种状况得不到改变，大学英语专业培养的将只是翻译工具，而不是全面发展的英语专业人才。作为高校英语专业英美文学课教师，应该以提高英语专业教学质量为己任，探索教学改革的途径，走出英美文学课程困境，充分发挥英美文学的人文价值。

二、英美文学课程改革措施

(一)调整英美文学课的教学内容

许多年来，英美文学的教材一直沿用“文学史+选读”的固定而陈旧的模式，教材按照历史顺序，分别列出各种各样的文学史知识，如所有作家的时代背景、生卒年月、作品概况介绍等，这些内容占了大部分的篇幅。其实，将宝贵的教材篇幅用来介绍背景知识是不科学的，这可能会让学生忽略文学作品本身。文学作品应以文学鉴赏为基础，并提升文学批评鉴赏能力和创新思维能力。我们的建议是在作品之前设置一些预习作业与问题，让学生利用现代化的网络和多媒体设备查找和总结作家介绍和作品背景，将宝贵的篇幅留给文学作品本身。作家和文学作品的遴选也是教材改革需要重点考虑的方面。传统的英美文学教材往往是厚古薄今，尤其是早期的经典著作对古英语涉猎过多，如学生在文学课的开始就遭遇内容晦涩难懂的古英语诗歌《贝奥武夫》，难以把握作品的精髓与内涵，这样很容易挫伤学生的学习积极性。由于英美文学时间跨度大、内容非常广泛，名家名作不胜枚举，教材的设置和作家的取舍一定要考虑到学生的接受程度进行宏观把握下的重点筛选，比如在讲美国文学中的当代戏剧时，应将重点集中于美国20世纪最伟大的三大戏剧家尤金•奥尼尔、阿瑟•米勒和田纳西•威廉斯，并将他们的写作风格、历史传承进行对比研究，对其代表作如尤金•奥尼尔的《榆树下的欲望》、阿瑟•米勒的《推销员之死》、田纳西•威廉斯的《玻璃动物园》进行对比阅读分析，找出现代人的孤独、欲望和工业社会对人性的摧残等剧作家想要揭示的共同主题。这种方式有利于学生对不同文学时期的科学把握，也有助于增强学习的趣味性和降低学习难度。

(二)改革英美文学课的教学模式

由传统的英美文学教材衍生出教师一言堂的“填鸭式”教学模式，英美文学教师在课堂上照本宣科，学生则疲于对这些知识死记硬背，根本谈不上自己对某一具体作品的见解和思考，更不用说对文学经典的鉴赏与文学情趣的提升。由于教材死板，授课方式墨守成规，英美文学课变成了精读课+历史课，学生学到的只是一些具体的语言知识点，而没有提升对文学文本的整体分析能力和感悟能力。英美文学教师可以尝试设计研究性课堂和实践教学模式。在英美文学课开始时，由教师推荐一些有关英美文学与文化的研究课题给学生进行研究，如维多利亚时代文学研究、美国梦文学研究、美国现代戏剧研究等。全班学生分成若干组，承担不同的课题，并在课堂上用幻灯片等方式陈述研究结果。另外，为了提高学生对英美文学作品的学习兴趣可以采取多渠道的实践教学活动，如举办英文诗歌朗诵比赛、英语戏剧表演、适时组织收看英文原版电影等。

(三)采用多媒体及计算机网络辅助教学手段

英美文学远离我们熟悉的母语环境和语言习惯，且跨越时代久远，陈旧、落后的“书+黑板+粉笔”的传统教学模式难以创设生动活泼的课堂教学情景，难以引起学生浓厚的学习兴趣。采用多媒体和计算机网络辅助课堂教学等现代化的教学手段有利于改革英美文学教学效果。目前多数高校普遍存在多媒体设施不足和设施陈旧等问题，高校应加强在这方面的投入，为多媒体及计算机网络辅助课堂教学模式的探索和推广铺平道路。

首先，借助多媒体和网络的课堂教学模式可以让抽象、晦涩的文学作品通过视频、音频等材料更生动、直接和立体地呈现在学生眼前耳边，可以提高学生的学习兴趣，活跃课堂气氛，从而改善英美文学课堂上沉闷、单调、枯燥的教师一言堂的顽疾，充分调动学生的学习积极性，开发学生的创造性思维，从而提升学生的学习效果。其次，借助多媒体和网络技术的教学模式，能更大限度地克服授课时间与授课场所的限制，有助于将学生的自主学习向课外有效延伸，实现学生的个性化自主学习与课堂教学的有效衔接。

多媒体和网络辅助教学形式下教师的角色发生了很大变化，对授课教师提出了更高的要求。教师必须深刻钻研材料，把握教学重点和难点，制定出明确的课堂教学目标，设计出为之服务的方案，确定有效传递教学信息的媒体类型和使用技巧，使媒体发挥更大的作用。授课教师要转变教学理念和方法，懂得设计以学生为主体的教学活动。教师应由原来的“以教为主”转变为“以学为主”，并通过培训等方式快速掌握现代化的教学方法，有效配合传统的教学方法，实现学生语言综合技能的提高。