英语报刊阅读研究论文

Structure Features and Rhetorical Devices of English Newspaper Headlines Abstract: With the development of mass media, newspaper is one of the major media for us to get information all over the world. Nowadays English newspaper is very popular and read all over Chine. However, many people still have difficulty in understanding English newspaper headlines even for some English majors. This is because English newspaper headlines have their own special features, culture backgrounds and different from the daily English we used in many aspects. This paper will then focus on the lexical, structure features and rhetorical devices of English newspaper headlines, which can help us to have a better understanding when we are reading newspapers. Key words: Newspaper headline, Lexical features, Structure features, Rhetorical devices.

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报刊英语语言特色研究 王克俊 在信息时代里,阅读英文报刊是获得信息的主要渠道之一,但是英文报刊文章不同于一般文章,它已形成一种使用性很强的功能语体,并借自己的特点成为语言运用形式的一个组成部分,因此,掌握英文报刊的语言特色有助于提高对英文报刊文章的理解与欣赏。【作者单位】：四川理工学院外文系 四川自贡643000【关键词】：英文报刊;语言特色;研究【分类号】：H315【DOI】：CNKI:ISSN:【正文快照】：英文报刊的任务是向读者有效地传播信息。英文报刊是我们了解当今国际风云、外国文化的重要窗口,获取最新科技知识、各种信息的主要手段,同时也是学习和掌握现代英语的理想材料。英文报刊题材广泛,内容新颖;语言现代,地道实用。英文新闻刊物多种多样:有新闻报纸、杂志,还有电子报纸和电子杂志等等。英文报刊所载文章的体裁也是纷繁复杂的:有纯新闻报道,解释性报道,调查报道,精确性报道,还有特写,社论,读者来信和广告等等。不同的新闻刊物有不同的办刊风格,不同类型的文章也有不同的语言特色。因此,不容易对新闻刊物的语言特色做出全面概述。…

Structure Features and Rhetorical Devices of English Newspaper HeadlinesAbstract: With the development of mass media, newspaper is one of the major media for us to get information all over the world. Nowadays English newspaper is very popular and read all over Chine. However, many people still have difficulty in understanding English newspaper headlines even for some English majors. This is because English newspaper headlines have their own special features, culture backgrounds and different from the daily English we used in many aspects. This paper will then focus on the lexical, structure features and rhetorical devices of English newspaper headlines, which can help us to have a better understanding when we are reading words: Newspaper headline, Lexical features, Structure features, Rhetorical devices.摘要：随着传媒的发展，报纸逐渐成为我们获取世界各地的信息主要媒介。现在，英文报纸的阅读更是非常流行。然而，许多人仍是很难理解英文报纸的标题，即使是英语专业的学生。这是因为英语报纸的标题有着它们自己独有的特点，文化背景和日常英语与我们在很多方面的不同。本文将重点放在词汇，结构特点和修辞在英语报纸中的特点，当我们在读报纸，它可以帮助我们有更好的理解。关键词：报纸的标题，词汇特征，结构特点，修辞。1. IntroductionEvery time we pick up a newspaper, what come into our sight will be lots of news headlines. A headline has become an indispensable part of newspaper. The editor means to attract the reader’s attention through headlines. As a result, news paper headlines are usually specially designed to be short, concise, and informative to convey different kinds of information. We may be confused by the headlines like “Cater’s War on Waste”, “UFO Sighted”, “Smugglers Get Jail and Fines”, “Weekly Mag for Stamp Lovers to Be Launched”, ect. Yet without some knowledge of news headline features, it is not easy for us to read English newspaper. This paper has summarized the study of newspaper development in recent years and presents the lexical features, structure features and rhetorical devices of English newspaper headlines in . Lexical Features of English Newspaper HeadlinesLexical features of English newspaper headlines can mainly include four parts. They are exemplified as follows.[1] AbbreviationAbbreviation, which is used in a large quantity in English newspaper, means “A shortened form of a word or phrase used chiefly in writing to represent the complete form”. Generally speaking there are 3 kinds of Abbreviations used in the newspaper.① Abbreviation for organizationsExamples: UNESCO = Uinted Nations Educational, Scientific and Culture OrganizationPLO = Palestine Liberation OrganizationIOC = International Olympic CommitteeNASA = National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationAPEC = Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ConferenceFIFA = Federation Internationale de Football Association② Abbreviation for profession and careerExamples: MP = member of parliament PM = prime ministerGM = general manager PA = personal assistant③ Abbreviation for our familiar thingsExamples: UFO = Unidentified Flying Object DJI = Dow-Jones IndexAIDS = Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeGMT = Greenwich Mean TimesLaser = Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of RadiationRadar = Radio Detection and RangingSonar = Sound Navigation RangingTOEFL = Test of English as A Foreign LanguageIELTS = International English Language Testing System[2] ShorteningShortening of different words in newspaper aims to spare more space or to cut down the length of the : grad – graduate hosp – hospital cig – cigaretteCell – cellular Sec – second Reps – representativesInfo – information Int’l – international Deli– delicatessenHi-fi – high fidelity Hi-tech – high technology 3-D – three dimensionalG-7 – Group of seven A-bomb – atom bomb V-day – victory day[3] CompoundCompound words in English newspaper are usually formed by two or over two words. By compounding, we can make complicated structure simpler, what’s more, save : ① “Plan to aid school dropouts extended” ( China Daily, ). Here “school dropouts” refers to “the student who drops out of school”.② “Li stresses corruption fight” (China Daily, ). Here “corruption fight” refers to “fight against corruption”.[4] Informal and Small WordsNewspaper headlines are likely to use informal and small words because small words have more meanings than big words and can be used in many cases. In news English these words are refered to as “synonyms of all work”.Examples: aim——purpose, design, object intention, ——assembly, convention, congregation, exam,etc,pact——compact, contract,agreement,conventiondeal——negotiationm,transaction,bargain,. Structure Features of English Newspaper HeadlinesStructure features of English newspaper headlines can be divided into two aspects. They are as follows:[1] OmissionOmission is one of the major features of English newspaper headlines. Generally speaking, omission can be classified 4 types.① Omission of articlesExamples: Italian Ex-mayor Murdered ( = A Italian Ex-mayor Was Murdered )Tenth of British Mackerel Catch Ground into Feed(= A Tenth of the British markerel Catch Ground into Feed )② Omission of conjunction and pronounExamples: USA, Vietnam Resume Talks ( = USA and Vietnam Resume Talks )Have Dollars, Will Sell ( = If You Have Dollars, Will Sell )③ Omission of “be ” and auxiliary verbsExamples: Three Dead after Inhaling over Gas ( = Three Are Dead after Inhaling over Gas )Married Women to Get Care Allowance( = Married Women Are to Get Care Allowance )PNC’s world views praised ( = PNC’s world views were praised )④ Omission of verbsExamples: Ballots, Not Bullets ( = Algerians Want Ballots, Not Bullets )Pom peii Reported Seriously Damaged( = Pom peii Reported to Have Benn Seriously Damage)[2] Use Noun to Replace Adjective, Phrase, and VerbNouns are frequently used in newspaper Headlines to replace different words to form various structures. So nouns are the most animated words in news : Yugoslav pianist stirring music world( “music world” = “musical world” )Corruption Reports Against Police Rise( “corruption reports” = “reports on corruption complaints ”)Female axe murderer executed( “female axe murdered” = “ a female murderer who killed with an axe ” )Export growth to beat crisis( “growth” is used to replace “grow” )4. Rhetorical Devices Of English Newspaper HeadlinesRhetorical devices of English newspaper headlines mainly have six kinds. They are as follows.[1] ImitationExamples: The Son Also Rises To Save or Not to SaveThe Road That Must be Taken Do as Maoris DoThe Great Mall of China Candidate in the WindiPod, therefore, i am[2] MetaphorExamples: A Dove Taking WingWhitewater May Drown DemocratsTrouble Brewing[3] AlliterationAlliteration is the repetition of initial identical consonant sounds in successive or closely associated syllables, esp. stressed : Pride and Prejudice Sense and SensibilityKill or Cure? Carrots and Clubs?Solitary Soldier Tiger Tied Virtual Villains[4] RhymeRhyme is the repetition of an identical stressed vowel sound, followed by identical consonant sound but preceded by different consonantsExamples: Masculine rhyme: Foe/toe meet/fleet make/brakeFeminine rhyme: Revival/arrival mountain/fountainEye rhyme: Brain Gain/Drain Dream Team Wheels and DealsBubble, Bubble, Toil and Trouble It’s More Than a War[5] PunPun is an expression that achieves emphasis or humor by contriving an ambiguity, two distinct meanings suggested either by the same word or by two similar sounding : Why is the river so rich? It has two are monkeys as talkative as women? Each monkey has a tail(tale).Why is that female movie star so cool? She has many can run faster, heat or cold? Heat, because everyone can catch is the worst weather for mice?When it rains cats and is the bride always unlucky on her wedding day? Because she can never marry the best is mind? It doesn’t is the matter? Never mind.[6] IdiomExamples: Rome is not built in a time seven-year sum up, English newspaper headlines can use different kinds skills of lexical features, structure features and rhetorical devices to create many effects. Besides the features mentioned above, there many other features in English newspaper headlines for us to analyze. Understanding the headlines of the news is a gateway to understand the whole news, so news headlines is an area worthwhile for us to go deep into.

报刊英语的语言特色摘要：本文从语用学角度出发，概括了报刊英语特色，运用例句对词、句、段、章不同层面报刊英语语用特点进行详述。关键词：报刊；特点；语用功能报刊英语的特点可概括为两词：简明、鲜活。这是由报刊英语的文体特性决定的。1、读报刊是随意的浏览，避难就易。求新猎奇。2．报刊文章时限性强，要求把最重要的信息以最鲜明的手法置于最突出的位置即“导语”中。由于以上原因，报刊英语讲究通俗易懂，简捷明快，小词短句。一目了然，生动活泼，袭面夺目。这在标题上表现得最为突出。本文拟从词、句、段、章不同层面举述其详。一、文章结构的特点：新闻文章的结构与常见的文体如记叙性散文的结构有很大不同：后者一般是先交待背景信息，逐渐进入高潮，突出文章的结尾；而新闻文章则正相反，将最重要的情节放在最前面，这部分称为“导语”(Lead)，实际是标题的扩展或标题内容的完整表述，独立成段，一般只有一句话，其后才是背景信息。背景信息或其他解释性材料也是按照由重要到次要这样逐渐递减的方式排列，给编辑留有较充分的删减余地和读者的选择、舍弃的自由。整个文章结构是“虎头蛇尾”，呈“倒金字塔”型。二、导语的信息结构：按惯例，导语要提供六个“w”信息：who，what，where，when，why and how因而导语虽只有一句话，但无论在信息量还是在形式结构上都很复杂，称为content—packedsentence．历史地看，导语有越来越短小精炼的趋势，也就是说，在撰写新闻时只突出一两个最重要的新闻要素。突出哪部分就将哪部分放在最前面。这样就使导语的句子结构变得灵活，不拘一格。从语言学角度讲，英语属于分析性语言，语序比较固定，一般是呈SVO(主语+谓语动词+宾语)型，新信息置于句末。而新闻导语语句则打破这种结构式，完全按照所要突出的新闻要素来安排语序。1．突出“who”要素；2．突出“what”要素； 3．突出“where”要素；4．突出“when”要素；5．突出“why”要素；6．突出“how”要素。形式为内容服务。报刊英语的以上特点是由报刊文章的写作方式、编辑方式和阅读方式共同决定的。从作者和编者的角度看，他们都受时间的限制，来不及精雕细琢，从简从快，尽管避免使用长词长句或晦涩的表达方式；编者为节省版面也尽量简化表达方式，把最重要的信息排在前面。另一方面为了吸引读者，又要考虑如何变换语言表达手法和排版方式以标新立异，一下抓住读者的注力。从读者的上看，但有一点是相同的，那就是挑简明易懂的看，挑有吸引力的看。随着报刊的社会影响面的扩大和低文化程度读者的增多，报刊英语的以上特点将日益突出。例如，句子有越来越短的趋势，短到让人一目了然的程序，“甚至让跑着的人也能阅读”。