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1.Nasreddin was cutting a branch off a tree in his garden.While he wassawing,another man passed in the street.He stopped and said,Excuse me, but if you continue to saw that brancd like that, you will fall downwith it.He said this because Nasreddin was sitting on the branch andcutting it at a place between himself and the trunk of the tree. Nasreddin said nothing.He thought,This is some foolish person whohas no work to do and goes about telling other people what to do andwhat not to do. The man continued on his way. Of course, after a few minutes.The branch fell and Nasreddin fellwith it. My God!he cried.That man knows the future !and he ran after himto ask how long he was going to live.But the man had gone. Multiple choice ( )1.One day Nasreddin was cutting a branch_______a tree in his garden. A.on B.in C.at D.off ( )2.While Nasreddin was sawing,another man_______. A.told him to stop working B.told him he would fall down C. would borrow something from him D.would help him saw that branch ( ) 3. After the man went away,Nasreddin thought that________. A. that was a silly fellow B..that was a wise person C.that was a proud person D.that fellow cheated him ( ) 4.What happened to Nasreddin after a few minutes? A.The brancd fell .B.Nasreddin fell down to the ground. C.Nasreddin was hurt himself. D..Both A and B. ( ) 5.This story is about ________. A.a foolish man B. a wise man C.cutting a tree D.the necessity of taking good advice 2.Nasreddin woke up in the middle of the night and saw something whitein his garden.It seemed to be moving towards the house. That is a thief(小偷)! He thought,and he took his gun and shot(开枪) at him. Then he went back to bed,because he was too frightened害怕) to go out of the house in the dark. The next morning Nasreddin went out and saw one of his white shirts hanging on the clothes-line in the garden,his wife had washed it the day before and hung it out to dry. Now it had a bullet- hole right through middle of it. My God,said Nasreddin, I was lucky last night. If I had been wearing that shirt,the bullet would have killed me! And he called his neighbours together and asked them to thank God for saving him. Multiple choice ( )1.At midnight Nasreddin saw_____in his garden. A.something strange B. a thief C.something white D.a ghost ( )2.Nasreddin was so frightened that he ______. A.cried out for help B.dared not go out of the house C.dared not stay in his house D.couldn't say a word ( )3. The next morning Nasreddin found________ . A.his wife in the garden B.the clothes-line C. the thief dead D.a bullet-hole through the white shirt ( )4.Nasreddin said that if he had been wearing taht shirt_______. A.he would be killed B. he would die C.he would have killed D.he would have been killed ( )5.He called his neighbors together in order to_______. A.make a speech B.tell the story C.thank God D.thank them
初中英语阅读短文
适合初中学生阅读的短文有哪些呢?下面我为大家准备了初中的英语阅读短文，希望大家喜欢!
初中英语阅读短文一：The Road To Happiness幸福之道
It is a commonplace among moralists that you cannot get happiness by pursuing it. This is only true if you pursue it unwisely. Gamblers at Monte Carlo are pursuing money, and most of them lose it instead, but there are other ways of pursuing money, which often succeed.
So it is with happiness. If you pursue it by means of drink, you are forgetting the hang-over. Epicurus pursued it by living only in congenial society and eating only dry bread, supplemented by a little cheese on feast days.
His method proved successful in his case, but he was a valetudinarian, and most people would need something more vigorous. For most people, the pursuit of happiness, unless supplemented in various ways, is too abstract and theoretical to be adequate as a personal rule of life. But I think that whatever personal rule of life you may choose it should not, except in rare and heroic cases, be incompatible with happiness.
There are a great many people who have all the material conditions of happiness, i.e. health and a sufficient income, and who, nevertheless, are profoundly unhappy. In such cases it would seem as if the fault must lie with a wrong theory as to how to live. In one sense, we may say that any theory as to how to live is wrong.
We imagine ourselves more different from the animals than we are. Animals live on impulse, and are happy as long as external conditions are favorable. If you have a cat it will enjoy life if it has food and warmth and opportunities for an occasional night on the tiles. Your needs are more complex than those of your cat, but they still have their basis in instinct. In civilized societies, especially in English-speaking societies, this is too apt to be forgotten.
People propose to themselves some one paramount objective, and restrain all impulses that do not minister to it. A businessman may be so anxious to grow rich that to this end he sacrifices health and private affections. When at last he has become rich, no pleasure remains to him except harrying other people by exhortations to imitate his noble example.
Many rich ladies, although nature has not endowed them with any spontaneous pleasure in literature or art, decide to be thought cultured, and spend boring hours learning the right thing to say about fashionable new books that are written to give delight, not to afford opportunities for dusty snobbism.
If you look around at the men and women whom you can call happy, you will see that they all have certain things in common. The most important of these things is an activity which at most gradually builds up something that you are glad to see coming into existence.
Women who take an instinctive pleasure in their children can get this kind of satisfaction out of bringing up a family. Artists and authors and men of science get happiness in this way if their own work seems good to them.
But there are many humbler forms of the same kind of pleasure. Many men who spend their working life in the city devote their weekends to voluntary and unremunerated toil in their gardens, and when the spring comes, they experience all the joys of having created beauty.
The whole subject of happiness has, in my opinion, been treated too solemnly. It had been thought that man cannot be happy without a theory of life or a religion. Perhaps those who have been rendered unhappy by a bad theory may need a better theory to help them to recovery, just as you may need a tonic when you have been ill. But when things are normal a man should be healthy without a tonic and happy without a theory.
It is the simple things that really matter. If a man delights in his wife and children, has success in work, and finds pleasure in the alternation of day and night, spring and autumn, he will be happy whatever his philosophy may be. If, on the other hand, he finds his wife fateful, his children's noise unendurable, and the office a nightmare; if in the daytime he longs for night, and at night sighs for the light of day, then what he needs is not a new philosophy but a new regimen----a different diet, or more exercise, or what not.
Man is an animal, and his happiness depends on his physiology more than he likes to think. This is a humble conclusion, but I cannot make myself disbelieve it. Unhappy businessmen, I am convinced, would increase their happiness more by walking six miles every day than by any conceivable change of philosophy.
道德家们常说：幸福靠追求是得不到的。只有用不明智的方式去追求才是这样。蒙特卡洛城的赌徒们追求金钱，但多数人却把钱输掉了，而另外一些追求金钱的办法却常常成功。追求幸福也是一样。如果你通过畅饮来追求幸福，那你就忘记了酒醉后的不适。埃毕丘鲁斯追求幸福的办法是只和志趣相投的人一起生活，只吃不涂黄油的面包，节日才加一点奶酪。他的办法对他来说是成功的，但他是个体弱多病的人，而多数人需要的是精力充沛。就多数人来说，除非你有别的补充办法，这样追求快乐就过于抽象和脱离实际，不宜作为个人的生活准则。不过，我觉得无论你选择什么样的生活准则，除了那些罕见的和英雄人物的例子外，都应该是和幸福相容的。
很多人拥有获得幸福的全部物质条件，即健康的身体和丰足的收入，可是他们非常不快乐。就这种情况来说，似乎问题处在生活理论的错误上。从某种意义上讲，我们可以说任何关于生活的理论都是不正确的。我们和动物的区别并没有我们想象的那么大。动物是凭冲动生活的，只要客观条件有利，它们就会快乐。如果你有一只猫，它只要有东西吃，感到暖和，偶尔晚上得到机会去寻欢，它就会很快活。你的需要比你的猫要复杂一些，但还是以本能为基础的。在文明社会中，特别是在讲英语的社会中，这一点很容易被忘却。人们给自己定下一个最高的目标，对一切不利于实现这一目标的冲动都加以克制。生意人可能因为切望发财以致不惜牺牲健康和爱情。等他终于发了财，他除了苦苦劝人效法他的好榜样而搅得别人心烦外，并没有得到快乐。很多有钱的贵妇人，尽管自然并未赋予她们任何欣赏文学或艺术的兴趣，却决意要使别人认为她们是有教养的，于是他们花费很多烦人的时间学习怎样谈论那些流行的新书。这些书写出来是要给人以乐趣的，而不是要给人以附庸风雅的机会的。
只要你观察一下周围那些你可称之为幸福的男男女女，就会看出他们都有某些共同之处。在这些共同之处中有一点是最重要的：那就是活动本身，它在大多数情况下本身就很有趣，而且可逐渐的使你的愿望得以实现。生性喜爱孩子的妇女，能够从抚养子女中得到这种满足。艺术家、作家和科学家如果对自己的工作感到满意，也能以同样的方式得到快乐。不过，还有很多是较低层次的快乐。许多在城里工作的人到了周末自愿地在自家的庭院里做无偿的劳动，春天来时，他们就可尽情享受自己创造的美景带来的快乐。
在我看来，整个关于快乐的话题一向都被太严肃的对待过了。过去一直有这样的看法：如果没有一种生活的理论或者宗教信仰，人是不可能幸福的。也许那些由于理论不好才导致不快乐的人需要一种较好的理论帮助他们重新快活起来，就像你生过病需要吃补药一样。但是，正常情况下，一个人不吃补药也应当是健康的;没有理论也应当是幸福的。真正有关系的是一些简单的事情。如果一个男人喜爱他的妻子儿女，事业有成，而且无论白天黑夜，春去秋来，总是感到高兴，那么不管他的理论如何，都会是快乐的。反之，如果他讨厌自己的妻子，受不了孩子们的吵闹，而且害怕上班;如果他白天盼望夜晚，而到了晚上又巴望着天明，那么，他所需要的就不是一种新的理论，而是一种新的生活——改变饮食习惯，多锻炼身体等等。
人是动物，他的幸福更多的时候取决于其生理状况而非思想状况。这是一个很庸俗的结论，然而我无法使自己怀疑它。我确信，不幸福的商人与其找到新的理论来使自己幸福，还不如每天步行六英里更见效。
初中英语阅读短文二：If the Dream is Big Enough如果梦想足够大
I used to watch her from mykitchenwindow, she seemed so small as she muscled her way throughthecrowd of boys on the playground. The school was across thestreetfrom our home and I would often watch the kids as theyplayedduring recess. A sea of children, and yet to me, she stoodout fromthem all.I remr the first day I saw her playing basketball.
I watched in wonder as she ran circles around the other kids.Shemanaged to shoot jump shots just over their heads and into thenet.The boys always tried to stop her but no one could.I begantonotice her at other times, basketball in hand, playing alone.Shewould practice dribbling and shooting over and overagain,sometimes until dark.
One day I asked her why she practicedsomuch. She looked directly in my eyes and without a momentofhesitation she said, “I want to go to college. The only way Icango is if I get a scholarship. I like basketball. I decided thatifI were good enough, I would get a scholarship.
I am going toplaycollege basketball.
I want to be the best. My Daddy told me ifthedream is big enough, the facts don’t count.” Then she smiledandran towards the court to recap the routine I had seen overandover again.
Well, I had to give it to her—she was determined.Iwatched her through those junior high years and into highschool.Every week, she led her varsity team to victory.One day inhersenior year, I saw her sitting in the grass, head cradled inherarms.
I walked across the street and sat down in the coolgrassbeside her. Quietly I asked what was wrong. “Oh, nothing,”came asoft reply. “I am just too short.” The coach told her that at5’5”she would probably never get to play for a top ranked team—muchless offered a scholarship—so she should stop dreamingaboutcollege.She was heartbroken and I felt my own throat tightenas Isensed her disappointment.
I asked her if she had talked to herdadabout it yet.She lifted her head from her hands and told methather father said those coaches were wrong. They just didnotunderstand the power of a dream. He told her that if shereallywanted to play for a good college, if she truly wantedascholarship, that nothing could stop her except one thing — herownattitude. He told her again, “If the dream is big enough, thefactsdon’t count.”The next year, as she and her team went totheNorthern California Championship game, she was seen by acollege recruiter.
She was indeed offered a scholarship, a fullride, toa Division I, NCAA women’s basketball team. She was goingto getthe college education that she had dreamed of and workedtoward forall those years.It’s true: If the dream is big enough,the factsdon’t count.
我以前常常从厨房的窗户看到她穿梭于操场上的一群男孩子中间，她显得那么矮小。
学校在我家的街对面，我可以经常看到孩子们在下课时间打球。尽管有一大群的孩子，但我觉得她跟其他的孩子截然不同。
我记得第一天看到她打篮球的情景。看着她在其他孩子旁边兜来转去，我感到十分惊奇。她总是尽力地跳起投篮，球恰好越过那些孩子的头顶飞入篮筐。那些男孩总是拼命地阻止她，但没有人可以做得到。
我开始注意到她有时候一个人打球。她一遍遍地练习运球和投篮，有时直到天黑。有一天我问她为什么这么刻苦地练习。她直视着我的'眼睛，不加思索地说:“我想上大学。只有获得奖学金我才能上大学。我喜欢打篮球，我想只要我打得好，我就能获得奖学金。我要到大学去打篮球。我想成为最棒的球员。我爸爸告诉我说，心中有目标，风雨不折腰。”说完她笑了笑，跑向篮球场，又开始我之前见过的一遍又一遍的练习。
嘿，我服了她了——她是下定了决心了。我看着她这些年从初中升到高中。每个星期，她带领的学校篮球代表队都能够获胜。
高中那会儿的某一天，我看见她坐在草地上，头埋在臂弯里。我穿过街道，坐到她旁边的清凉的草地上。我轻轻地问出什么事了。“哦，没什么，”她轻声回答，“只是我太矮了。”原来篮球教练告诉她，以五英尺五英寸的身材，她几乎是没有机会到一流的球队去打球的——更不用说会获得奖学金了——所以她应该放弃想上大学的梦想。
她很伤心，我也觉得自己的喉咙发紧，因为我感觉到了她的失望。我问她是否与她的爸爸谈过这件事。
她从臂弯里抬起头，告诉我，她爸爸说那些教练错了。他们根本不懂得梦想的力量。他告诉她，如果真的想到一个好的大学去打篮球，如果她真的想获得奖学金，任何东西也不能阻止她，除非她自己不愿意。他又一次跟她说：“心中有目标，风雨不折腰。”
第二年，当她和她的球队去参加北加利福尼亚州冠军赛时，她被一位大学的招生人员看中了。她真的获得了奖学金，一个全面资助的奖学金，并且进入美国全国大学体育协会其中一队女子甲组篮球队。她将接受她曾梦想并为之奋斗多年的大学教育。
是的，心中有目标，风雨不折腰。
1、学会跳读。如果我们一个个单词都去阅读，不但耗费时间，而且没有效果也不理想。实际上，跳读也能很好的把握文章的主旨大意和中心思想。 2、学会猜测生单词和词组含义。对于有了多年英语学习经验的人来说，可以不需要通过边阅读边查单词的方式来理解词语的意义。我们可以通过阅读上下文之间的联系来解决。在欧美人语言表达习惯中，同义定义的情况很多。 3、熟悉英语文章的特点。英语文章一般来说，有时候会采取语序颠倒的方式而不是正常的语序。很多时候，作者会把谓语动词提前或者用形式主语的形式来设置句子。我们需要掌握一些基本的英语文章的特点。 4、对于语法的熟悉程度。看懂一篇难度不大英语文章，不仅仅是词汇量的问题，更重要的是熟悉英语语法。欧美人比起母语为汉语的人来说更加喜欢用长且复杂的句型来表达他们的观点，限制性定语从句使用比较广泛。 5、掌握英语翻译的特点。在欧美人中普遍喜欢意译的方式，因为这种翻译方法更能灵活且忠实的表达出原作的意义。逐字翻译尽管有不少优点，毕竟在英语文章翻译中不完全适合。我们需要掌握翻译的三原则“信、“达”、”雅“。
精读一篇高考难度的英语阅读，那么首先，跟我们去看普通的中文文章是一样的。了解英文文章的段落分类。提取里面重要的单词量。再根据题目的要求去重点阅读英语文章当中的段落。其实英语的阅读，并不难，最主要是是在把自己原本课堂上的知识学好以后，多增加一些额外的英语阅读量词汇量。
上了大学以后，发现高考难度的英语阅读并不是特别的难，其中的词汇并没有多少，只要自己的单词量过关，想要精读一篇英语阅读，是非常简单的。打一个比方，本来是一个有包装的产品，结果被你把包装都卸了，全部成中文了，那你还看不懂其中的意思吗？想要精读一篇英语文章，你只需要把你的单词量过关，能够读通顺这个课文，能够把它一整篇的翻译过来，那就算是精读了。
词汇是阅读得以顺利进行的前提。所以要边增加词汇，边加大阅读。而且一篇文章需要反复去读，一周精读一篇即可，查出所有生词，理解每句话背后的意思。我们来举个例子吧：Men emerged half-naked in streets as the mercury rose to the record high. 这句话里的mercury是水银，整句话的意思是，气温创下历史新高，街上的男人们都开始光膀子了。如果你只知道mercury是水银，不知道它是温度计的水银柱可以隐喻气温，那就是还没有真正弄懂，类似的例子还有很多。可见阅读是需要温故知新的，需要天天进行，精读泛读和词汇同步，逐步提高难度。
适合七年级的英语阅读文章
英语现在已经发展成为一个在世界范围内使用最广泛的语言。英语作为英美文化信息的载体和表现形式,一度深深地烙上了英美独有的文化印记。下面我收集了英语的阅读文章，很适合七年级的同学阅读欣赏，希望同学们喜欢!
You went to the butcher's for meat, the pharmacy for aspirin, and the grocery store for food. But when I spent the summer with my Grandmother in Warwick, N.Y., she sent me down to the general store with a list. How could I hope to find anything on the packed, jumbled shelves around me?
I walked up to the counter. Behind it was a lady like no one I'd ever seen. Fake-jewel-encrusted glasses teetered on the tip of her nose, gray hair was piled on her head.
"Excuse me," I said. She looked up.
"You're that Clements kid," she said. "I'm Miss Bee. Come closer and let me get a look at you." She pushed her glasses up her nose. "I want to be able to describe you to the sheriff if something goes missing from the store."
"I'm not a thief!" I was shocked. I was seven year too young to be a thief!
"From what I can see you're not much of anything. But I can tell you've got potential." She went back to reading her newspaper.
"I need to get these." I said, holding up my list.
"So? Go get them." Miss Bee pointed to a sign on the screen door. "There's no one here except you and me and I'm not your servant, so I suggest you get yourself a basket from that pile over there and start filling. If you're lucky you'll be home by sundown."
Sundown was five hours away. I wasn't sure I would make it.
I scanned the nearest shelf for the first item on my list: pork and beans. It took me three wall-to-wall searches before I found a can nestled between boxes of cereal and bread. Next up was toilet paper, found under the daily newspaper. Band-Aids—where had I seen them? Oh, ye next to the face cream. The store was a puzzle, but it held some surprises too. I found a new Superman comic tucked behind the peanut butter.
I visited Miss Bee a couple of times a week that summer. Sometimes she short-changed me. Other times she overcharged. Or sold me an old newspaper instead of one that was current. Going to the store was more like going into battle. I left my Grandma's house armed with my list—memorized to the letter—and marched into Miss Bee's like General Patton marching into North Africa.
"That can of beans is only twenty-nine cents!" I corrected her one afternoon. I had watched the numbers change on the cash register closely, and Miss Bee had added 35 cents. She didn't seem embarrassed that I had caught her overcharging. She just looked at me over her glasses and fixed the price.
Not that she ever let me declare victory. All summer long she found ways to trip me up. No sooner had I learned how to pronounce bicarbonate of soda and memorized its location on the shelf, than Miss Bee rearranged the shelves and made me hunt for it all over again. By summer's end the shopping trip that had once taken me an hour was done in 15 minutes. The morning I was to return to Brooklyn, I stopped in to get a packet of gum.
"All right, Miss Potential," she said. "What did you learn this summer?" That you're a meany! I pressed my lips together. To my amazement, Miss Bee laughed. "I know what you think of me," she said. "Well, here's a news flash: I don't care! Each of us is put on this earth for a reason. I believe my job is to teach every child I meet ten life lessons to help them. Think what you will, Miss Potential, but when you get older you'll be glad our paths crossed!" Glad I met Miss Bee? Ha! The idea was absurd...
Until one day my daughter came to me with homework troubles.
"It's too hard," she said. "Could you finish my math problems for me?"
"If I do it for you how will you ever learn to do it yourself?" I said. Suddenly, I was back at that general store where I had learned the hard way to tally up my bill along with the cashier. Had I ever been overcharged since?
As my daughter went back to her homework, I wondered: Had Miss Bee really taught me something all those years ago? I took out some scrap paper and started writing.
Sure enough, I had learned ten life lessons:
1. Listen well.
2. Never assume—things aren't always the same as they were yesterday.
3. Life is full of surprises.
4. Speak up and ask questions.
5. Don't expect to be bailed out of a predicament.
6. Everyone isn't as honest as I try to be.
7. Don't be so quick to judge other people.
8. Try my best, even when the task seems beyond me.
9. Double-check everything.
10. The best teachers aren't only in school.
The significant inscription found on an old key---“If I rest, I rust”---would be an excellent motto for those who are afflicted with the slightest bit of idleness. Even the most industrious person might adopt it with advantage to serve as a reminder that, if one allows his faculties to rest, like the iron in the unused key, they will soon show signs of rust and, ultimately, cannot do the work required of them.
Those who would attain the heights reached and kept by great men must keep their faculties polished by constant use, so that they may unlock the doors of knowledge, the gate that guard the entrances to the professions, to science, art, literature, agriculture---every department of human endeavor.
Industry keeps bright the key that opens the treasury of achievement. If Hugh Miller, after toiling all day in a quarry, had devoted his evenings to rest and recreation, he would never have become a famous geologist. The celebrated mathematician, Edmund Stone, would never have published a mathematical dictionary, never have found the key to science of mathematics, if he had given his spare moments to idleness, had the little Scotch lad, Ferguson, allowed the busy brain to go to sleep while he tended sheep on the hillside instead of calculating the position of the stars by a string of beads, he would never have become a famous astronomer.
Labor vanquishes all---not inconstant, spasmodic, or ill-directed labor; but faithful, unremitting, daily effort toward a well-directed purpose. Just as truly as eternal vigilance is the price of liberty, so is eternal industry the price of noble and enduring success.
Two men, both seriously ill, occupied the same hospital room. One man was allowed to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon to help drain the fluid from his lungs. His bed was next to the room‘s only window. The other man had to spend all his time flat on his back. The men talked for hours on end.
They spoke of their wives and families, their homes, their jobs, their involvement in the military service, where they had been on vacation. And every afternoon when the man in the bed by the window could sit up, he would pass the time by describing to his roommate all the things he could see outside the window. The man in the other bed began to live for those one-hour periods where his world would be broadened and enlivened by all the activity and color of the world outside.
The window overlooked a park with a lovely lake. Ducks and swans played on the water while children sailed their model boats. Young lovers walked arm in arm amidst flowers of every color of the rainbow. Grand old trees graced the landscape, and a fine view of the city skyline could be seen in the distance. As the man by the window described all this in exquisite detail, the man on the other side of the room would close his eyes and imagine the picturesque scene.
One warm afternoon the man by the window described a parade passing by. Although the other man couldn‘t hear the band - he could see it in his mind‘s eye as the gentleman by the window portrayed it with descriptive words.
Days and weeks passed. One morning, the day nurse arrived to bring water for their baths only to find the lifeless body of the man by the window, who had died peacefully in his sleep. She was saddened and called the hospital attendants to take the body away.
As soon as it seemed appropriate, the other man asked if he could be moved next to the window. The nurse was happy to make the switch, and after making sure he was comfortable, she left him alone. Slowly and painfully, he propped himself up on one elbow to take his first look at the world outside. Finally, he would have the joy of seeing it for himself. He strained to slowly turn to look out the window beside the bed. It faced a blank wall.
The man asked the nurse what could have compelled his deceased roommate who had described such wonderful things outside this window. The nurse responded that the man was blind and could not even see the wall. She said, "Perhaps he just wanted to encourage you."
A young man was getting ready to graduate from college. For many months he had admired a beautiful sports car in a dealer's showroom, and knowing his father could well afford it, he told him that was all he wanted.
As Graduation Day approached, the young man awaited signs that his father had purchased the car. Finally, on the morning of his graduation, his father called him into his private study. His father told him how proud he was to have such a fine son, and told him how much he loved him. He handed his son a beautiful wrapped gift box. Curious, but somewhat disappointed, the young man opened the box and found a lovely, leather-bound Bible, with the young man's name embossed in gold.
Angrily, he raised his voice to his father and said, "With all your money you give me a Bible?" He then stormed out of the house, leaving the Bible.
Many years passed and the young man was very successful in business. He had a beautiful home and a wonderful family, but realizing his father was very old, he thought perhaps he should go to see him. He had not seen him since that graduation day. Before he could make the arrangements, he received a telegram telling him his father had passed away, and willed all of his possessions to his son. He needed to come home immediately and take care of things.
When he arrived at his father's house, sudden sadness and regret filled his heart. He began to search through his father's important papers and saw the still new Bible, just as he had left it years ago.
With tears, he opened the Bible and began to turn the pages. As he was reading, a car key dropped from the back of the Bible. It had a tag with the dealer's name, the same dealer who had the sports car he had desired. On the tag was the date of his graduation, and the words… "PAID IN FULL".
How many times do we miss blessings because they are not packaged as we expected? I trust you enjoyed this. Do not spoil what you have by desiring what you have not; but remember that what you now have was once among the things you only hoped for. Sometimes we don't realize the good fortune we have or we could have because we expect "the packaging" to be different. What may appear as bad fortune may in fact be the door that is just waiting to be opened.
初一英语阅读短文
想要提高英语的阅读能力，就要增加我们的阅读量，下面我收集了初一英语阅读的短文，欢迎大家阅读欣赏!
初一英语阅读短文一：友谊的颜色
Once upon a time the colors of the world started to quarrel.All claimed that they were the best.The most important.The most useful.The favorite.
从前，世界上的各种颜色进行过一次争吵。每一种颜色都说自己是最好的，最重要的，最有用的，最美丽的、最受人喜欢的。
Green said:"Clearly I am the most important. I am the sign of life and of hope. I was chosen for grass, trees and leaves. Without me, all animals would die. Look over the countryside and you will see that I am in the majority."
绿色说：显然，我是最重要的。绿色是生命和希望的标志。草、树、叶子都选择了绿色。如果没有我，所有的动物都将死亡。鸟瞰乡村大地，到处都是绿色。
Blue interrupted:"You only think about the earth, but consider the sky and the sea. It is the water that is the basis of life and drawn up by the clouds from the deep sea. The sky gives space and peace and serenity. Without my peace, you would all be nothing."
蓝色打断他说：“你只考虑了陆地上的颜色，但是想想天空和海洋。水是生命之源，由云层从深海里带来。天空显得那么广阔、平和、宁静。没有我的平和，你们什么也不是。”
Yellow chuckled:"You are all so serious. I bring laughter, gaiety, and warmth into the world. The sun is yellow, the moon is yellow, the stars are yellow. Every time you look at a sunflower, the whole world starts to smile. Without me there would be no fun."
黄色轻声笑道：“你们全都如此严肃。而我把笑声、欢乐和温暖带给了世界。太阳是黄色的，月亮是黄色的，星星也是黄色的。每次看见向日葵，全世界都开始微笑。没有我，世界将索然无味。”
Orange started next to blow her trumpet:"I am the color of health and strength. I may be scarce, but I am precious for I serve the needs of human life. I carry the most important vitamins. Think of carrots, pumpkins, oranges, mangoes, and papayas. I don't hang around all the time, but when I fill the sky at sunrise or sunset, my beauty is so striking that no one gives another thought to any of you."
橙色紧接着开始自吹自擂：“我是健康和力量的颜色。我可能稀少，但是很珍贵，因为我能满足人类生命的需要。我含有最重要的维生素。想想胡萝卜、南瓜、橙子、芒果，还有木瓜。我没有一直闲着，当日出或日落时，天空涂满橙色，我的美丽让人震撼，那时没有人会想到你们。”
Red could stand it no longer he shouted out:"I am the ruler of all of you. I am blood - life's blood! I am the color of danger and of bravery. I am willing to fight for a cause. I bring fire into the blood. Without me, the earth would be as empty as the moon. I am the color of passion and of love, the red rose, the poinsettia and the poppy."
红色再也控制不住了，他大声嚷道：“我是你们所有颜色的统治者。我是血--生命的.颜色!我是危险和勇敢的颜色。我愿意为伟大的事业而奋斗。我把满腔热情融进血液。如果没有我，地球将像月球一样空空如也。我是激情和爱情的颜色，是红玫瑰、猩猩木和罂x的颜色。”
Purple rose up to his full height:He was very tall and spoke with great pomp: "I am the color of royalty and power. Kings, chiefs, and bishops have always chosen me for I am the sign of authority and wisdom.People do not question me! They listen and obey."
紫色有高大的身躯，他伸展全身站起来，用洪亮的声音说道：“我是王位和权力的颜色。国王、首领、主教总是选择紫色，因为我是权威和智慧的象征。人们从来不质疑我!他们只是聆听和服从。”
Finally Indigo spoke, much more quietly than all the others, but with just as much determination:"Think of me. I am the color of silence. You hardly notice me, but without me you all become superficial. I represent thought and reflection, twilight and deep water. You need me for balance and contrast, for prayer and inner peace."
最后，青色说话了，他比起其他的颜色显得安静很多，但其语气也非常坚定：“想想我。我是寂静的颜色。你们几乎注意不到我，但是如果没有我，你们将变得肤浅。我代表思索和反省、黄昏和深水。你们需要我作为反衬来取得平衡，需要把我作为祈祷文来求得内心的安宁。”
And so the colors went on boasting, each convinced of his or her own superiority. Their quarreling became louder and louder.
颜色们继续自夸，每种颜色都确信自己的优越。他们的争吵声越来越大。
Suddenly there was a startling flash of bright lightening thunder rolled and boomed. Rain started to pour down relentlessly.The colors crouched down in fear, drawing close to one another for comfort.
突然电闪雷鸣，大雨无情倾泻。因为恐惧，颜色们蹲下身子，互相靠拢以求安慰。
In the midst of the clamor, rain began to speak:"You foolish colors, fighting amongst yourselves, each trying to dominate the rest. Don't you know that you were each made for a special purpose, unique and different? Join hands with one another and come to me."
在吵闹中，雨开始说话了：“你们这些愚蠢的颜色，相互争斗，试图支配其他的颜色。难道你们不知道每种颜色的形成都有着特殊的目的，每种颜色都是独特而与众不同的吗?手拉手，到我这儿来!”
Doing as they were told, the colors united and joined hands.
按照雨说的，颜色们手拉手，团结起来。
The rain continued:"From now on, when it rains, each of you will stretch across the sky in a great bow of color as a reminder that you can all live in peace. The Rainbow is a sign of hope for tomorrow." And so, whenever a good rain washes the world, and a Rainbow appears in the sky, let us remember to appreciate one another.
雨继续说：“今后，当下雨时，你们所有的颜色将横跨填空，形成一道巨大的彩虹，以提示你们七种颜色能友好共处。记住，彩虹象征着明天的希望。”因此，每当好雨洗礼世界的时候，一道彩虹都会出现在天空，让我们记得要学会彼此欣赏。
初一英语阅读短文二：那些不忍直视的童年照
We all have the odd photographic skeleton in our closets - those embarrassing childhood pictures that we hope never see the light of day.
我们每人都有几张古怪的相片，像藏在壁橱里的骷髅一样不可见人。我们希望这些令人尴尬的童年照永远封存不见天日。
But it seems that users of the Chinese equivalent to are more than happy to air their most cringeworthy snaps of bygone days.
但貌似中国——微博的用户更愿意把他们曾经的旧照摆到网上供人膜拜。
Weibo users have been taking to the website in their droves to post hundreds of hilariously awkward pictures to amuse their friends using a hashtag that translates as 'showing off some embarrassing photos of our childhood'.
一大拨微博用户将成百上千张既搞笑又尴尬的童年照发在网上相互娱乐，还加上了“不堪回首的童年照”标签。
Some seem to have been taken for festivals or special occasions - the red dots on the children's heads are for beauty or good luck.
可能有些照片拍摄于节日或特殊场合——孩子们头上的红点代表美丽或好运气。
The photos, many of which appear to date back to the eighties and early nineties, show the youngsters in a range of bizarre outfits and wearing far too much make up.
许多照片都拍摄于80年代和90年代初，上面的小孩子穿着各种各样的奇装异服，脸上还涂着过于浓重的艳妆。
Many of the photos appear to have been shot in a studio - with children giving grown up props such as cigarettes that one can only assume are fake.
许多照片都是在摄影棚里照的，孩子们还拿着大人才有的道具摆拍——希望那不是真的香烟。
While some parents have gone for the sophisticated look while dressing their little angels, others have just gone for the downright bizarre.
有些父母把他们的小天使打扮得精致深邃，但有些却选了不折不扣的诡异风格。
Some parents dressed their kids in outfits reminiscent of Chinese classics like Journey to the West and Legend of the White Snake.
有些家长让小孩穿上奇怪的装束，使人想起《西游记》或《白蛇传》等中国古典文学里的人物。
要有选择，有效率的做题。读解最关键是长句子的理解和抓住作者的写作思路，文脉。关于考试的话，建议买那种带翻译和解答说明，分析的练习书。带翻译的你要重点看长句子，这样有助于理解句型（这个可以顺带复习文法，如果文法太薄弱建议花点时间，因为不仅考试有文法题，文法还影响阅读质量和速度），做多了，遇到长句子就能一眼能够分出结构。答案后边的分析能写出作者的心思，思路，可以帮助渐渐理解日本人的思维。另外，时间不够也是一个要要注意的问题，需要掌握技巧，不要一字一句看的特别细，看一段读解的时候，从头到尾浏览一遍，然后看首，尾和关键句。这里说一下，关键句和关键词是很重要的，大部分读解的最后一题都和关键词关键句有关。所以你要找出每段的关键句和全文的关键词（基本上是出现最多的词，或者各种同义词）。从每一段的首，尾和关键句整理出来文章的文脉和作者的思路，就大概能推出作者想表达的东西了，这样最后一题那种作者到底想表达什么或者起标题之类的题就不用浪费时间纠结了。希望有帮助，如果你有考试的话，可以说一下是考什么，我看看有没有可推荐的书。加油吧！
多做做题，会有感觉的。题海战术有时还是挺有用的。
你为什么学日语？
为了追星？为了更好的工作？为了去日本旅游？想学习日语的你，一定在为选什么教材而困惑。市面上这么多日语教材，该选择哪本好呢？
其实，在市面上主流的日语基础教材大致有三套：
1、《新编日语》上外出版社
2、《新版中日交流标准日本语》人民教育出版社
3、《大家的日语》外语教学与研究出版社
那么，下面就带着大家一起看看这三套主流教材的特点吧？
首先，《新编日语》日语专业使用最广泛的教材，这套教材的主编是曾经的上海外国语大学日本文化经济学院日本研究中心主任周平老师，这套教材应该算是国内很经典的一套教材，可以被看做学院派的经典之作，获得过国家教委高校优秀教材一等奖、上海哲学社会科学优秀成果著作类二等奖。0基础入门到高级教学，添加老师威:ryu7762邀您一起听日语直播课，学习日语入门基础教程，讲的基本上通俗易懂，充满风趣教学。
教材排版
小本，竖向排版（文字竖着书写，参照日本书籍的排版形式，刚刚开始用可能有些不习惯）
教材优势
1、一般作为大学日语专业使用的教材，权威专业。
2、内容上分为：前文、会话文、读解文，难度由浅入深循序渐进，其中会话文以前文为背景，整体教材的主题丰富。
2、语法句型知识系统详备，能帮助初学者将知识进行系统串联。
3、配有较多的习题，能够及时巩固知识点，有些出版社甚至专门出过这套教材习题的精讲图书。
有待提升
文章侧重结合词汇、语法、句型等方面，并兼顾各种文章体裁。上个世纪90年代初出版，有些内容已经滞后。比如：里面有一些文章是介绍上海外滩、南京路，现在看里面的内容只能呵呵哒。不过，在当时能编写出来实属不易。语法的讲解有些使用的用语比较专业，如果没有老师指导的情况下，可能略有难度，所以很多自学的学生不太愿意选择这套教材，原因就在这里。
《新版中日交流标准日本语》这套教材其实是中日合作产物，由人民教育出版社和光村图书出版株式会社一起开发的。在国内被视为自学日语使用最广泛的教材，你可以看看各类的辅导班级，大学二外，自学者手里几乎人手一套。到图书馆自习室一看，哇，好多人都有一个“大黄书”。到目前为止，一共有6册（标日初级上下册、标日中级上下册、标日高级上下册）从教学角度学完初级对应日语能力考N4左右水平，学完中级对应日语能力考N2左右水平，高级对应N1左右水平。（PS：不是绝对的，仅供参考）
教材排版
大开本，横向排版。
教材优势
1、课文内容相对《新编日语》生动，采用情境型会话，注重实用性。整套教材课文内容围绕几位主人公展开（比如：小李，佐藤，李秀丽等人），连贯性强，跟看小说似的。
2、教材内容相对新编，更容易理解。适合自学日语的同学。
3、内容难度编排应对日语能力考比较合适。
有待提升
1、语法体系的编排相对零散，需要由老师或自己做一定的整理和汇总，才能达到相对整体的认识。
2、有些课后单词并未出现在课文中，初级学生学习的时候可能会觉得单词量比较大，这里可能是编者希望大家多学一些单词吧？
对，所以本书籍一大特色就是：轻松、“愉快”、”内容少“。
教材排版
大开本
教材优势
1、重视会话和日常交流，一些日本语言学校会采用这套教材，利用日本老师口语的优势，结合教材加强学生日常会话能力的提升。
2、相对轻松，因为这套教材初级两本的难度比前面两套教材初级两本难度低了不少，所以会感觉so easy。
3、成书相比前面两套教材稍晚一些，所以内容较为新颖，符合年轻人。
有待提升
语法的内容略单薄，词汇量相比前面的教材略单薄，应付日常交流会话尚可，如果深入学习希望阅读日语文章或参加日语能力考则显得不足。
总结三套教材到底如何选择
1、《新版标日》在三本教材中，属于综合性较强，介于两者之间的教材，所以在初学的时候可以适当考虑这套教材，为了提升日常交流会话可以适当参考《大家的日语》。最后，可以用《新编日语》做一些语法和词汇的扩充。
2、每本教材的编写都有自身的历史背景和侧重点，所以没有谁是最好的，也没有谁是最不好之分。关键还是看哪本教材更适合你的口味。比如：你希望轻松一点就选大家的日语。
楼主这么着急，连邮箱都没有留，发不了给你哇~最好留个qq邮箱啦，这样下载不受限制~
如何有效提高初中学生英语阅读理解能力 如何提高英语阅读能力：在语言技能中，阅读能力又是重中之重，它是英语综合运用能力的基础和前提。它主要表现在阅读速度和阅读理解准确性两个方面。一个人阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效地吸收有用信息。在初中英语学习和考试中，阅读既是重点也是难点。很多同学因为没掌握好阅读技巧，难以提高英语成绩，甚至对英语学习失去了信心。所以我们有必要把如何提高英语阅读能力作为重中之重来认真对待。以下是针对如何提高英语阅读能力提出的几点措施，以期帮助学生掌握一定的阅读技巧，培养良好的阅读习惯，提高阅读能力。 一、影响阅读的主要因素 阅读理解测试要求高中学生的平均阅读速度为50～60wpm,而实际上，学生阅读时往往由于一些不良的习惯而影响其阅读速度。为了在有限的时间内，提高阅读速度，锻炼阅读技能，我们必须掌握正确的阅读方法，改掉不良的阅读习惯。 （一）学生在阅读过程中，常见的不良习惯有。1.声读（vocalising），即在阅读时常常读出声音来，从而直接影响了阅读速度。或是心读（sub- vocalising），即是一种除本人外其他人察觉不出来的有声阅读形式。心读时，读者在心里对自己清晰地发出某个单词的读音，好像清楚地听到自己在念一个词。2.指读（Pointing），即在阅读时，常常用手指或笔尖指着文章逐词逐句的阅读。或是译读（mental translating），即在阅读过程中，常常将原文逐词逐句的译成中文，通过中文来达到理解原文的目的。3.回视（regressions），即在阅读过程中遇到生词或不理解的地方时，返回文章的句首或段首重读。4.滥用词典（too dependent on dictionaries），即在阅读过程中不适当的、频繁的使用词典，不仅降低了阅读的速度，而且阅读效率极低。 （二）影响阅读的一些因素。1.词汇量。实践表明，词汇量在一定程度上决定了阅读理解能力。词汇量对于阅读速度和阅读理解有很大的影响。词汇量越大，阅读的越广，视野就越开阔，阅读理解的准确性就越大。2.句式。句式的识别在阅读理解中所起的作用是不容忽视的。句式识别，它包括对句子的句法结构的识别和该结构所包含的相关意义的识别。任何普通意义上的阅读至少都包括句子识别和理解信息两个阶段。句式的自动识别和字词的自动识别共同构成了阅读的最佳途径，即读而求其意，使读者流畅地完成句子意义的构建。3.篇章。阅读时，学生直接面对的是语篇，其组成及其规律对阅读理解起着至关重要的作用。语篇所涉及的题材广泛，包括了英语国家的历史、地理、文化和风俗、风土人情、人际关系等方面的内容，有明显的时代性和地域性。因此，我们在阅读时首先要把握语篇的体裁，分析语篇的篇章结构，将词句融入到语境中，利用合理的推理，以期达到良好的阅读能力。4.背景知识。背景知识在阅读中起着至关重要的作用。所谓背景知识指一个人已有的整体知识以及有关某一领域的专门知识。特定的背景知识对理解的影响大于语言知识；背景知识的缺乏会造成阅读理解障碍。只有当读者将自己的背景知识与语篇的语言文字信息联系起来以后，阅读理解率才能越高。 二、提高阅读能力的基本策略 （一） 阅读技巧的训练，可以总结以下几点：1、掠读（skimming）。即通过对文章标题和首尾句的阅读，对文章的内容结构有一个整体的印象，让学生在短时间内了解作者对意图或文章所要涉及的问题。这时，学生不需要细看所读材料，只需快速浏览，抓住基本信息，领会主旨或抓住主要内容。这样，可以：（1）、抓住段落特点。（2）、抓住主题句。（3）、抓住关键词。2、跳读（scanning）。是为获得特定的信息而进行的符号辨认的过程。虽然也是一种快速阅读的方法，但却是从阅读材料中寻找某些特定的信息，是在对阅读材料有所了解的情况下进行的，可以在较短时间内找到相关信息。3、研读（close-reading），也叫细读。指 在对全文有各种整体印象的前提下所进行的深入细致的阅读，了解各段落的主要意思和文章的细节，并在此基础上提出新的问题或观点，发展 思维能力。另外，在阅读课课堂教学中要求学生做到的是：1）课前预习：先让学生在课前学习新单词，收集并阅读与该话题有关的材料。2）提问：向学生提出与课堂内容有关的几个问题。3）阅读：要求学生仔细阅读文章，找出每一段的主题句。4）思考：让学生思考更深层的问题，加深对文章中心思想，作者观点等的理解。5）复述：要求学生用自己的语言来描述文章的内容。6）复习：通过不同的题型复习巩固课文内容及所学的语言点、语法等。7）拓展：让学生通过一些精心设计过的活动来将所学知识运用于实际。 （二）阅读的一些技巧及策略。 快速阅读技能主要包括以下几方面： 1.查阅（Scanning）查阅的目的是为了快速查找某一特定信息。阅读课文时，对具体数字、日期、人名和地名等的查阅是训练“查阅”技巧的最佳时机。特别是当回答有关who,what,where,when, why 等文章的细节问题时，用此方法可以提高阅读速度和解题的准确性。在查阅的过程中，应该注意的是应明确所查的对象；查阅前应清楚此信息可能以哪种形式出现。 2.略读（Skimming）略读的目的是为了迅速抓住文章大意和主题思想。一般来说略读的速度是正常阅读速度的两倍。在阅读的过程中，我们要快速浏览全文，领会文章大意，发现作者的观点和意图，掌握篇章结构进而抓住文中的Central idea 。尤其注意首尾两段和首尾两句。 3.预测（Prediction）预测作为一种思维活动，是指对未来的发展情况进行积极的推测。在阅读过程中，根据上文中已出现的语言信息，预测下文将要出现的信息，这是我们应该了解和掌握的一项快速阅读技能。从标题预测文章的大致内容以及可能涉及到的词汇，然后阅读开篇第一、第二段，以验证或纠正对文章的预测。 4.猜词（Guessing）我们在大量的阅读过程中必定会遇到一些生词，而如何处理这些生词是一个不可忽视的问题。如果一遇到生词就停下来查字典，那么，不仅会影响阅读的速度，还会挫伤阅读的积极性。所以我们必须掌握一些猜词技巧。一般可以从上下文的同义词、反义词获知词义；也可以从语境中猜出词义，还可以根据词的结构和构词法常识（如词干、词根、前缀、后缀）等来判别词义。 总之，通过广泛的阅读，不仅有利于学生扩大词汇量、丰富语言知识，开阔视野、开拓思路，还有利于学生了解英、美等国的文化背景、生活习俗、思维习惯及英语特有的语言表达方式，从而提高阅读理解能力和英语运用能力。当然，“冰冻三尺，非一日之寒” 。提高阅读能力，不是一朝一夕就能做到的。因此，我们在每次阅读训练中都对学生提些具体的要求，让他们在实践中培养习惯阅读策略是对阅读方法的选择和使用。使用有效的阅读策略，可以提高学生阅读的速度和质量。所以，在平时的教学中，我们应该多加强阅读技巧的指导，并鼓励学生在阅读时有意识使用这些技巧，从而形成他们自己的阅读策略。而学生只要坚持正确的阅读方法，培养兴趣，广泛阅读，积累词汇，并且养成良好的阅读习惯，阅读能力一定会有效，一定会逐步提高。
初中英语阅读教学存在的问题与解决策略教育论文
在平平淡淡的日常中，说到论文，大家肯定都不陌生吧，论文是进行各个学术领域研究和描述学术研究成果的一种说理文章。你知道论文怎样才能写的好吗？下面是我整理的初中英语阅读教学存在的问题与解决策略教育论文，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
初中是学生语言发展的一个举足重轻的阶段，初中的阅读课是阅读能力培养的重要阵地，是广大英语教师探讨和研究得最多的教学组成部分。但是总的来说，初中英语阅读教学的状况并不理想，学生普遍存在着阅读速度慢，理解能力弱的现象。尽管教师和学生都在这一块投入了较多的时间和精力，但是与学习效果不能成正比，形成一种“高耗低效”的现象。不少的学生在英语考试当中阅读题得分普遍偏低。应该如何改变这种高投入低效率的现象，提高阅读教学质量，切实提高学生运用语言的能力，笔者从实际教学出发，对新课标下的初中英语阅读教学进行研究和探索，发现当前阅读教学当中存在的一些问题，对其进行分析并提出对应的优化对策。
一、英语阅读教学存在的问题
1、词汇量不足够、阅读速度慢。
词汇是语言的基本单位，学习任何一种语言都不能够忽视词汇的学习。已有的研究表明，要想阅读系列等级读物，必须达到95%的理解。也就是说，在阅读时，学生必须认识现有等级读物中95%的词，才能够做到快速顺利阅读。但是，由于学生的词汇量小，阅读的时间不够多，阅读的速度又由于词汇障碍而很慢，从而导致他们接触英语词汇的机会很少，词汇量小又引起他们在阅读过程当中容易引起挫败感，使得学生对阅读失去兴趣或失去信心，从而产生一种不良的循环。
2、课外阅读量少，不能为理解提供充分的输入。
学习任何一种语言，最有效的方法是置身于这种语言的文化背景当中去。我们在阅读一篇文字时，要达到对文字的理解，有时候不仅仅需要对词汇的熟悉认识，更需要对该段文字的背景知识的了解。而目前来说，初中生的英语阅读量偏少，不能为理解文章提供充分的输入，并且，过小的阅读量不利于词汇的积累与语言综合水平的发展。
3、教学模式单一，对阅读教材只限于对课文表层的理解。
阅读教学模式单一，阅读教材单一拘泥于学生对所读教材的表层理解，学生不能够对所读文章的重点进行有效推断，难以正确把握文章脉络，从而影响对文章理解的准确性。许多教师甚至还使用一问一答的教学方式，让学生回答的问题都是教师事先确定好的，学生只处于一个被动应付的局面，不利于培养学生的发散性思维和学习主动性。有些教师在日常阅读教学实践当中，把阅读当作精读，阅读教学就是讲解生词，罗列搭配，补充词组，逐句逐段地分析句子结构、语法等；而有的教师则把阅读当作课外阅读，划出词组，提供个标准答案，学生自读完以后只了解了个故事情节。由于教法单一、陈旧，学生接触到的教材基本是课本和试题，难以激发他们的阅读兴趣，更没能够发展他们的推理能力、归纳能力及感受能力。
二、适应新课改大背景下的阅读教学方法
《英语课程标准》指出“英语课程改革的重点就是要改变英语课程过分注重语法和词汇知识的讲解与传授，忽视对学生实际语言运用能力培养的倾向”，新课程要求对学生的培养目标要从以前的“双基”为主转到提高学生的阅读理解能力为主，并且增加了课外阅读量的要求，下面笔者尝试着谈一谈优化阅读教学的一些方法： 1、合理安排步骤，掌握阅读技巧，提高阅读能力。
阅读教学的开展应该具有步骤性，包括“读前”、“阅读”、“读后”三个步骤。阅读前，应该激活文化背景知识，减少阅读理解障碍。在日常阅读教学当中，经常会发生这样的情况，即尽管学生自己掌握了足够的词汇和语法知识，但仍然无法完全理解全文。原因就在于他们缺乏相应的文化背景知识，不具备在阅读过程中激活已有知识的能力。所以教师应开展各种各样的读前活动，开展读前活动时可以参照学生用书中的插图，图片。或者利用挂图，甚至录像VCD等。使得学生对所要阅读的内容有了一定的感性认识和背景文化支持。而阅读中，则应立足课堂，活用教材。阅读中教师所设计的活动应该以训练学生的阅读技能为目标，视教材为渠道，培养学生搜集和处理信息的能力，根据上下文猜测生词意思的能力，读懂并抓住大意的能力，培养学生的语篇分析能力。比如，在教学八（下）Unit3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?时，课前让学生预先收集与UFO相关的信息，可以查看有关的书籍、电视电影，并与同学交流讨论。阅读前，展示关于UFO的电影片断，展现图片，让学生看着图用下列词汇来描述UFO来临时的情景：land，getoutof，alien，while，surprised，anywhere，kid，right，runaway，happen。阅读时对学生进行引导，让他们说出每一段的段落大意，并进行语句语篇的讲解分析，以使学生对文章结构有更清晰的认识。阅读后则主要是及时对学生读语篇的理解程度进行检查，可以利用课文后附的练习，也可以自行设计，或检查学生对课文中的事实、情节等表层的理解，或检查学生对课文尝的理解。使学生挖掘文中内涵，开展创造性思维。
2、精读与泛读相结合，课内与课外相结合。
近年来各种类型各种等级的英语考试都更加注重阅读，阅读的比重在各种英语试题当中越来越大。新课标也对初中英语阅读技能提出了更高的要求。这也就反映了阅读的量应该相应的增加，但是阅读的量不应该盲目的增加。在阅读教学中，应该区分精读与泛读，课内与课外，并且使之有机地结合起来。因此，教师应该结合教材中的主题，补充各类贴近生活、贴近时代的课外阅读材料。课内进行精读，并加以细致的指导；课外进行泛读，培养学生的语感与开拓学生视野，丰富词汇。例如，教师可以为学生们订阅英语报、英语杂志。课堂上精讲课文内容，讲解词组、语法、分析句子结构与段落等等，然后给学生选定的报刊、杂志上的文章或某一段落，让他们在课外自行阅读并按照老师讲解的方法进行分析，报刊杂志上的其他文章则只要求他们进行泛读，并在课内抽取一定的时间来谈他们课外阅读的体会。
3、加强文化背景知识的积累。
课文的教学一般都涉及三个方面的知识，分别是语言知识、阅读技能和文化背景知识。我们在教授学生课文的时候，不仅仅只是要求他们认识词汇，理解字面意思与了解文章故事内容而已，更希望他们能够在教师的帮助下欣赏浅显的英语文学作品。文化背景知识的积累，又会加深他们对文章的理解，甚至会有助于提高他们的推理能力。在阅读教学中，教师应该注意引导学生融入到教材的文化内容中去，对比文化现象的异同，适当介绍英语国家社会制度、历史、民族习性以及价值观等文化现象，进一步提高他们英语阅读分析的能力，初步培养英语作品鉴赏能力。
教学质量是学校的生命线，教学质量管理是学校管理的重要工作。在课程改革背景下，学校教学质量的提高不能也不允许通过加大学生的课业负担来实现，要做到轻负担、高效益，只有落实有效教学，构建高效课堂。有效教学的核心是教学的效益。所谓“有效教学”，是指通过一段时间教学后，学生能获得具体进步或发展，学生能否得到最大化的进步和发展是衡量有效教学的主要指标。落实有效教学需要继承、借鉴、创新。纵观当前有效教学实施的过程，还存在很多问题，主要表现在：理念不新、备课不实、内容不齐、整合不力、方法不活、评价不新、发展不全。对实施有效教学过程中存在的这些现象，我们必须更新观念、制定制度、创新手段、优化行为，加强有效教学的指导，将有效教学的理论主张及操作要求内化为教师教学的需要。
一要加强学习，落实培训
教师教学理念认识不到位，其原因不仅仅在教师一方，学校也有责任。课程改革多年，而新课程学习培训方面，各级教育行政部门虽然开展了一些有成效的工作，但培训面相对狭窄，每年真正参加上级培训的名额非常有限，往往只能派部分优秀的教师教干参加。让每位教师深刻领会新课改的精神是实现有效教学的基本前提，教育行政部门和学校需加大培训力度，统筹安排，积极引领教师对新课程理念进行自学与研讨。学校要立足本校实际搞好校本教研：集体备课、教研活动、听课评课等要分期、分批有计划地进行，要对课标理念和教材易忽视的内容以小专题的形式进行研究和挖掘，形成具体的带有案例性质的解读材料。
二要明确要求，规范教学
实施有效教学，落实在课堂，关键在教师。因为教师的教学习惯一旦形成，要彻底改变并非易事，所以，仅靠目标管理来改变教师教学行为远远不够，需要有统一的标准来衡量、规范，因此需要在备课、上课、作业、教学方法选择等方面制订一系列标准。例如备课方面做到备教材、备学生、备教学法、备辅导（阅读），课堂教学务实不务虚，真正把学生当成学习的主人，课堂教学坚持从“教会知识”转向“教会学习”，力戒拖沓无神的“催眠课”与急风骤雨式的“填鸭课”。作业方面做到布置之前审核，以精当、适量、有层次为标准，克服作业布置的随意性，做到布置之后批阅要及时、认真、准确、全面等。
三要以学定教，顾及全面
现代教学理论强调教学以学生为主体，本质上说教学的教程就是学生学习的过程。教师是学生学习活动的计划者、组织者、引导者。因此，要立足学生，研究他们的学习需求与学习特点，从学生的具体需求与特点出发，结合课程标准的各个阶段目标，去设计教学目标和教学过程。教学方法的选择要根据学生的特点并结合教材内容，尽可能地利用学校现有的现代化教学设备，增强学生学习的主动性、互动性，提高学习参与率和自主学习能力，提升教学实效。
四要开发资源，拓宽渠道
校本课程资源的开发对教师来说确实有难度，但开发校本课程怎么搞应从学校实际出发，可简可繁。有能力形成课程体系的，可从教材研究、课程设置等方面系统整理，没有能力的，可针对学习内容和学生学习兴趣去收集整理一些拓展性材料，用学生感兴趣的内容去补充学习内容，从而开辟课程资源，增加学生吸取知识的渠道，有效地提高教学效果。
五要“授之以渔”，养成习惯
苏霍姆林斯基曾说过：“对于个人教育来说离开自我教育是不可思议的'。”要求教师加强自学指导，培养学生自主学习的习惯。自学就是要求学生学会自己提问，爱因斯坦说过“提出一个问题往往比解决一个问题更重要。”因此，教师要多引导学生动脑，少替代学生思考，让学生养成独立思考和自我质疑的习惯。教师要经常给学生布置预习任务并指导预习，对学生预习情况进行检查。久而久之，就会使学生在反复强化中逐渐养成预习、质疑和独立解决问题的习惯。教师还要关注学生情感、个性、意志品德、作业习惯等非智力因素的情况，通过针对性地训练和家校互动等方式，让学生在各个方面向积极的、可持续发展的方面发展。
六要注重评价，倡导反思
教学评价的目的主要是为了改进教师的教学，完善教学过程，有效地促进学生的发展。教学评价包括“教”的评价和“学”的评价两方面。在“教”的评价中，要强调教师的自我评价。教师可借助写教学反思的形式来进行，要让教学反思促进教师的自我成长，把反思的重点放在方法（如何反思）、角度（从哪些方面去反思）、连续性与实效上。教学反思一方面是每节课后的教学反思，另一方面是阶段性教学行为反思，因为只有把短期反思与阶段反思结合起来，使教师对自己的教学有深刻的认识并有较大的改进，才能达到“反思”的真正目的。教的评价还要结合有效教学，建立对教学每个环节的评价细则，形成领导点评、教师互评、日常评价和阶段性总结评价相结合，通过评价改进教学。“学”的评价要强调评价手段多样化。对学生的评价不能只用成绩报告书作为终极评价手段，平时对学生要采用动作、神情、体态、语言等表扬方式，经常性的随机激励评价，丰富评价的手段。教学中可构建“比、学、赶、超”的评比制度，开展教师评、学生评、师生互评、当堂现场评、课后个别点评等多种形式的评价，并在评价中通过建立学生成长记录等完善评价激励机制，发挥评价的促进功能。
总之，实施有效教学既近在眼前，又任重道远。我们必须在思想上重视，从方法上创优、内容上突破、细节上关注，才能取得实效、高效。固然，目前存在的每一个问题、采取的每一项策略都不是一蹴而就的，但只要我们管理者付出艰辛的劳动和不懈的努力，有效教学一定会显现。
摘要 ：课堂是教学活动的主阵地，课堂评价是建立促进学生全面发展的评价体系中最为重要的环节。新课程提倡学生积极主动地学习，这有利于学生的全面发展。但在现实教学中，学生积极主动学习、热情参与教学过程的状况与新课程的要求还有一段距离。小学英语课堂评价还存在一些现实的问题。有效的激励性评价策略能够充分调动学生的积极性，对促进小学生积极主动地学习具有重要意义。因此，在小学英语教学中，充分发挥课堂激励性评价的作用是促进学生积极主动学习、提高英语课堂教学质量等的有效途径。
关键词 ：课堂评价；问题；策略；英语教学论文
1引言
面对新要求，怎样才能通过科学的课堂即时评价促进学生的发展、提高教学质量呢?这是摆在教育工作者面前突出的、值得探索的新课题。
2课堂评价的概念界定
关于课堂评价的定义各式各样，但核心基本相同，即教师在课堂教学过程中，为判断学生的学习情况，促进学生的学习，了解自己的教学效果，而对学生的学习信息采集、分析与利用。从不同的角度分析，课堂评价具有多种类型。例如，从评价内容看，有学习行为评价、学习结果评价、发展趋势评价等。对评价类型的分析与把握，有助于我们科学地建立并合理地使用教师课堂评价标准。本文所述教师课堂评价，仅指即时性评价。
3课堂评价存在的问题及其原因
3.1存在的问题
随着新理念的提出，课堂即时性评价在一定程度上得到了实施，但没发挥其真正的作用。目前课堂评价存在的不足有：评价语言和标准单一、僵化；评价主体单一；鼓励与夸奖的滥用；纠错方式不恰当；缺少体态评价。没有对不同层次学生的区别对待。
3.2存在问题的原因
3.2.1教师受传统评价理念的影响传统教育模式中，教师是权威的，教师单向评价学生。在新课改下，传统评价思想依然存在，学生评价老师和学生互评在课堂上也不多见，老师掌握着课堂评价的主动权，必然造成评价主体单一。3.2.2教师对评价功能意识淡薄有的教师为了体现新课改的精神,在课堂上大量运用“万能”的“Good,OK”来表扬学生。老师不指出读得好，好在哪里；对又对在哪里。学生听了表扬当然高兴，可这有利于学生的提高吗？教师淡忘了评价的功能。3.2.3教师对激励性评价片面理解在小学英语课堂上，教师在评价时不恰当地使用激励性策略，有的是浮夸的，甚至学生出现严重错误时都一味地鼓励学生。3.2.4教师对学生的心理认识不清小学五年级阶段的学生被称为学龄中期阶段或少年期，是各方面蓬勃的、不均衡的发展时期。他们的自尊心开始增强，有的教师忽略了学生的心理感受，当面批评指责学生，造成了不良的学习效果。
4激励性评价策略
4.1概念阐述
激励性口头评价是指在课堂教学情境这一特定语境的制约下，当学生的某一行为完成后，教师通过激励性的语言对学生的行为进行价值判断，激发学习动机，诱发其兴趣，进而促使学生积极主动地发展。
4.2策略
4.2.1转变教师观念和课堂教学方式要想新的教学理念付诸于实践，解放教师的思想是前提。有的教师说：“只要学生学到东西就可以了，不一定非要展示。”可见其根本就不重视学生是否参与课堂，教师都不重视那又怎会激励学生去参与呢？而观念的转变要落实在实际的课堂中。英语课堂中如何创设语境是教师要着重思考的问题。毫无疑问，小学生更喜欢在游戏中学习。4.2.2课堂评价应充满人文关怀小学英语课堂教学中，教师的评价应凸显对学生的人文关怀，体现对学生个性的尊重，评价必须坚持正确的人文价值取向。4.2.3要真诚地爱学生，做到客观公正一堂小学英语课上，学生每回答一个问题，教师就表扬加分，每说一段话，教师就奖励一张贴纸。从案例中可以看出教师没有考虑活动的难易程度，一味进行雷同的表扬。教师要做到客观公正，需针对不同的学生、不同的行为作出不同的口头评价，让学生感到“老师的评价就是针对我的。”4.2.4鼓励学生自评、互评积极鼓励学生自评和互评，进行面对全体学生的多主题评价。教师在评价某一位学生时可以推而广之，对集体进行激励；也可以开展学生互评。当然，这意味着教师的责任将更重，要机智地引导学生进行正面、友善的互评，否则会导致同学间关系的紧张、矛盾的产生，从而破坏集体的团结。
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