小学英语教育存在的若干问题及对策摘要当前我市小学英语教育存在着教师资源配笠不足、教师整体素质偏低、教学教法相对落后等问题,本文从实际出发,正确分析我市小学英语教育的现状,并试图从不同层次寻求对策,为提高小学英语教育整体水平提供参考。关键词小学英语教育问题对策中根据国家教育部新一轮课程改革进程安排,新课程将于2005年秋在全国范围内全面推行。按照新的课程标准,小学3年级将开设英语课,3一6年级英语教学有了目标和内容上的级别要求。《英语课程标准》对英语教育提出了较高的要求:激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣,使学生树立自信心,养成良好的学习习惯和学习策略,发展自主学习的能力和合作精神;使学生掌握一定的英语基础知识和听、说、读、写技能,形成一定的综合语言运用能力;培养学生观察、记忆、思维、想象能力和创新精神;帮助学生了解世界和中西方文化的差异,拓展视野,培养爱国主义精神,形成健康的人生观,为他们的终身学习和发展打下良好的基础。从学生发展的角度看,小学英语教育比中学、大学教育更重要,更关键,因为良好的语言开端将直接影响学生今后乃至终身正确掌握和使用语言,因此对照新课程标准,联系当前我市小学英语教育水平现状,找出存在的问题,研究切实可行的对策和措施,是提高小学英语教育整体水平迫在眉睫的工作。一、影响我市小学英语教育中的几个问题l、地方方言严重影响小学生正确英语发音。新课程标准对小学英语教育的语言技能教学提出了“在口语表达中做到发音清楚、语调达意”的基本要求。虽然普通话教学的要求在我市已经推行多年,但我市地处闽北山区,在相当多的农村地区和部分城郊,小学生的课堂用语仍常使用当地方言,英语与汉语本身在发音上就有着较大的区别,学生在接受普通话教育的同时接受英语教育,存在着一定的难度和障碍。而且,我市是地方方言种类繁多的地区,各地的方言不仅影响了农村地区的学生英语的正确发音,同样影响着城市的孩子。同时,多数小学英语教师也受地方方言的影响,自身的英语语音不准确。2、小学专业英语教师队伍配置严重不足。目前我市小学教师明显不足,特别是农村和部分县市的小学几乎没有,且许多现有的英语教师属非英语专业或是其他科任教师兼任英语教学,或是从其他学科“改行”教英语。3、小学英语教学理念和方法相对落后。从目前情况来看,我市的许多小学英语教育还大都停留在传统应试教育的教学理念和方法上,对英语语言的教学理念和方法还相对落后,一部分教师不了解语言学习的规律,教学经验不足,不能创设情景激发学生学习英语的兴趣,只让学生死记硬背,教学方法单一。教学基本上是照本宣科,重知识传授,轻能力培养。同时许多教师的教学观念仍停留在传统的“以教师为中心”的层次上,课堂是教师一言堂,填鸭式的灌输,忽视语言实践。对小学英语教学理念的研究和创新不够。4、小学英语教师的整体素质偏低。主要表现在几个方面:一是英语专业的水平有待提高。现有的小学英语教师多为中师、高中毕业或从其他专业改行,专业基础差,英语语言知识掌握不够正确、词汇量不足、发音不准等现象比较普遍,教师的英语口语和交际能力不强,不能用英语组织课堂教学,大部分教师听力水平较差,难以指导学生进行听说训练。二是缺乏教育学、心理学理论知识。相当一部分的教师对教育学、心理学理论知识不系统,不全面,教学中不能按小学生的心理特.点和生理要求、认识规律设计教学环节,安排教学活动。三是动手操作能力差。现有的许多小学英语教师在这方面存在着很大的欠缺,导致课堂气氛不活跃,学生厌学英语。四是教师的教研能力差。许多教师不注重学习教育理论、研究教学现状和信息动态,不研究总结教学经验,不乐于撰写教科研论文,更不知道如何从教科研中获取经验和信息来充实自己。二、解决我市小学英语教育的荃本对策提高我市小学英语教育的整体水平,最关键是要培养一支高素质的小学英语教师队伍。这是一项长期的系统工程,需要教师、学校、政府等各方面的努力和付出。笔者认为,可以从以下几个层次寻求对策:1、教师要加强自我素质的提高。小学英语教师应该清楚地看到自身存在的不足,有针对性地加强英语专业知识和其他有关教学理论的自我进修,坚持采取读英语书报杂志、听英语广播等多种形式,不断更新和正确掌握英语知识,提高教学能力,以《英语课程标准》中“准确把握新课程标准的理念、目的和内容,运用教育学和心理学理论,研究语言教学的规律。”、“善于结合实际教学的需要,灵活地和有创造性地使用教材,对教材的内容、编排顺序、教学方法等方面进行适当的取舍和调整”等的要求严格要求自己。2、学校要创造良好的教师发展环境。教师的专业发展离不开学校的改革与教研实践的紧密结合。校本教育对教师的专业发展有着不可替代的作用,既能适应教师教学和学校改革的需要,又促进教育理论和教育实践的有效结合。学校应为教师的反思实践、行动研究、参与课题研究提供资源和制度支持,及时提供载有学科前沿的读物给英语教师阅读,扩大他们的知识面。同时,学校要充分发挥教研组的作用,广泛开展说课交流,举行各类英语教学教育研讨会,开展“创优课”评选和“教改实验”等活动,不断促进教师理论与实践相结合,不断创新,推动教学向纵深方向发展。3、高师院校要有重点地培养小学英语教师。世界各国早在20世纪80年代初就取消了中等师范学校,小学教师必须由师范大专或大专以上毕业。我国近年来也将高师院校作为小学教师的摇篮。为此,我市小学输送急需的高素质的小学英语教师,加快小学英语教师大专化进程。同时,高师院校要根据新课改要求,在培养小学英语教师方面做好英语专业和教育理论的课程设置,改革过去英语教法课的教学内容和教学方法和只注重培养初中教师的做法,突出小学英语教师的理论与职业技能的系统培训,着力培养小学英语教师的基本教学能力、处理教材能力和教研能力。4、教育等部门要充分发挥职能。各地教育部门、负责教师继续教育的机构以及其他有关部门,要按照《英语课程标准》,全面系统地分析我市小学英语教育的现状,根据各自的职能,从高师院校的招生、课程设置、教师队伍人事的合理配置、教师继续教育和培训、小学教师教研目标要求以及开展素质教育所需经费的安排等各方面,综合研究和制定出合理有效的小学英语教师的培养计划,逐步建立起一套多渠道、多形式的培训网络,统筹安排英语教师的培训工作,全面提高我市小学英语教师的整体素质。综上所述,为了适应新课程标准的要求,顺利开展好我市小学开设英语课程工作,建设一支高素质的小学英语教师队伍,需要教育行政部门、学校、教师等各方面都责无旁贷。参考文献〔l]英语课程标准(实验稿)【M」.北师大出版社,Zonl.〔2」英语课程标准解读(实脸稿)〔M」,北师大出版社,2001.【3」刘昌春.农村小学英语师资培训当议【J〕.中国农村教育,2(X)3(12).【4」苏仁平.小学英语教师队伍存在的问题与对策【J].教学实践与研究,2001(12).
小学英语教学毕业论文参考文献
转眼间充满意义的大学生活就即将结束,众所周知毕业生要通过最后的毕业论文,毕业论文是一种有计划的检验大学学习成果的形式,那么什么样的毕业论文才是好的呢?下面是我收集整理的小学英语教学毕业论文参考文献,希望对大家有所帮助。
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拓展:强化专业英语教学提高毕业论文的质量
毕业论文是大学本科教学最重要的环节,对培养合格的大学生有非常重要的作用。通过毕业论文要求培养学生具有综合运用所学知识、分析并解决理论和实际问题的能力及科学研究能力,实践证明,毕业论文工作的成效,对大学生综合素质和能力的培养至关重要。近年来,由于多方面的原因,毕业论文的质量有所下降,这已经成为共识。其中,专业素养和创新能力的培养方面反映的问题尤为突出。如何提高毕业论文的质量,满足大学培养人才的目标要求,是当前急需研究和解决的课题。本文从强化专业英语教学的角度,初步探讨理工科类大学提高毕业论文质量的方法和途径。
一、正确认识专业英语在毕业论文中的重要作用
根据修订后大学英语教学大纲,理工科类大学的专业英语必须注重读、听、说、写、译等方面能力的均衡发展,使学生不仅能顺利阅读各种英文专业文献,而且能用英语进行学术交流。因此,专业英语的落脚点在于“应用”;,这与毕业论文的目标是非常吻合的。目前,毕业论文的质量不如人意,与对专业英语的认识偏差有一定的关联。
专业英语教学对毕业论文的重要影响主要体现在以下方面:
1、提高学生的专业英语水平可以进一步提高毕业论文的专业素养毕业论文要求具有查阅文献资料的能力,搜集资料、获取数据的能力,并在专业方面具有综合、分析、概括问题的能力。专业英语的学习能有针对性地与毕业论文有机结合。具有良好的专业英语能力,就可以从国际互联网上及时获取和传递准确的专业等信息,从而进一步提高大学生的专业素养。
2、提高学生的专业英语水平可以有效地拓宽学生在做毕业论文前的学识视野现代科学技术的发展日新月异,然而专业课程的.许多内容由于种种原因还停留在二十世纪八十年代中后期水平的经典理论阶段。如果大学生的学识视野只停留在中文参考书,显然就会影响到大学生毕业论文质量。通过专业英语学习,一方面可以学习参考专业英语的思维方式和叙述方法;另一方面,专业英语中介绍最新的科学技术发展和本专业新研究成果和新技术的文章能有效地开阔学生的视野。
3、通过专业英语的学习可以有效地培养毕业论文中的创新思维创新思维是一个成功科技工作者必不可少的素质,毕业论文可以在大学阶段通过实践和训练充分地体现出来。掌握专业英语对于继承科技成果和研究成果的取得或创新实力的形成具有决定性的作用,因此,精通专业英语,可以培养和促进学生开放、创新品质的形成,从而使创新思维能力在不断学习和实践应用中提高。
二、着力专业英语教学效果,提高毕业论文质量
专业英语在工科院校是一门重要的课程,在促使学生将基础英语用于专业工程技术学习中起很大作用,对培养学生及时了解和掌握国外科技的最新发展和动态的能力是不可缺少的,也是贯彻外语教学“不断线”;的重要步骤。专业英语既涉及到基础英语,又涉及到专业内容。因此,专业英语教学的重要性在于它一方面是基础英语到应用英语的过渡,另一方面应该更注重其应用性,强调围绕着专业交流的实际需要。
1、着力明确专业英语的教学目标和毕业论文的有机内在联系明确的专业英语教学目标,有利于减少教学目的的不确定和随意性。专业英语与毕业论文的直接联系反映在毕业论文的英语摘要和查阅英语资料中,而实际上它们之间的联系更为广泛和深入。为了增强专业英语与毕业论文的内在有机联系,对于专业英语的教学宜安排在部分专业课之后毕业论文之前。时间在大学四年级上学期期末左右。这样既有利于提高专业英语总体的教学水平和教学效果;又有利于学生在了解毕业论文要求的基础上,增强专业英语学习的主观能动性,并增进学生对专业英语的学习信心。
2、着力加强专业英语教学效果,为毕业论文打下坚实基础众所周知,专业英语有别于基础英语,因此,专业英语教学有其自身的特点和方法。目前各个理工科类大学的专业英语的教学模式、教学方法、教材内容、教师情况均有所区别,无论采取何种形式都应该强调以教学效果为宗旨。其一,加强专业英语教学效果,必须着力加快从以“教”;为中心向以“学”;为中心的教学模式转变。专业英语课的教师在教学环境中应注重指导和示范,帮助学生建立学好专业英语的信心;开阔学生英语学习、专业学习的视野。其二,加强专业英语教学效果,必须着力加强教学方法和教学手段的改革和创新。要善于采用现代化和多功能的教学手段但又不迷信于多媒体教学手段,重在教学效果。
同时,注意优化教学手段,重点在于“参与式”;和 “互动式”;的教学方法,充分调动学生的学习兴趣和参与的主动性。最后,加强专业英语教学效果,教学内容应与各专业课程衔接。在教学过程中教学内容应该紧扣专业内容,学以致用充分挖掘学习潜能。补充或采用部分全英文教材内容, 介绍一些本学科的前沿知识和动态,以促进本专业学生的英语学习和实际应用。总之, 着力专业英语的教学效果的提高将为毕业论文奠定坚实的基础。
毕业季,很多同学们都很忙。有的忙着各种招聘考试,有的忙着投简历面试,有的忙着研究生的复试,还有公务员面试。但是正当此时,大家还有一个重要的任务就是写毕业论文,尤其是英语专业的同学。因为英语专业的同学还要备战三月份的八级考试,一般院校都是三月交开题报告,四月份交一稿, 二稿,三稿,甚至更多(这个要取决于你的导师),然后五月份要论文检测后交定稿,最后在五月底六月初的时候进行论文答辩。下面学术堂就给大家详细的讲解一下英语专业本科毕业论文怎么写?一、选题一般来讲,选题一下子是很难确定的。比较容易的做法是先选一个总的课题,然后围绕总题找材料 阅读、思考,最后确定哪一个方面或哪些方面可以在论文中加以运用和发挥。比如,你对语音很有兴趣 .若选“On English Phonetics”,题目就太大了,不如选“On Teaching English Phonetics in M iddle School”,因为这个题目范围小,直接与你从事的英语课堂语音教学联系起来,比较切合实际,写 起来也比较顺手。同时师范院校的毕业生通过中学教学实习多少都有某些实践和体会,写起来就更容易 一些。在选题方面,以下几点可供参考:(1) 题目要富有意义,要有严肃性。论文写作是一项严肃的学术研究。你的分析要有一定深度和创见,其目的是要让读者从中思考并获 得新的信息。题目没有意义和严肃性,其论文必然不会有多大学术价值。(2) 要结合个人特长和研究能力。比如,你对语言学和词汇学都有兴趣,但你更喜欢词汇学,并且平时阅读和积累这方面的材料也很 多,可以说是你的专长; 那你最好选这方面的内容去写。因此,要根据个人的特长和能力选择符合个人 实际的题目去写。(3) 要结合个人手头的资料选题。论文中所表达的观点和论点一般是以资料研究为基础的。如手头仅有一、两本书或几篇文章,就想 从中得出令人信服的结论,这是不可能的; 即使得出结论,这样的论文也是没有多大说服力的,结论是 站不住脚的,因为你手头的资料太少,不足为证。(4) 要注意客观性。题目的选择要竭力避免个人主观性。有些题目往往反映了作者的个人偏见。比如,这种题目: “Which Was the Creater Writer,Mark Twain or Hemingwei?”就不太合适了,因为你的结论不是 “Mark Twain”,就是“Hemingwei”.这样容易产生个人主观臆断。我们不妨改为“A Comparison of Themes in Mark Twain' s and Hemingwei' s Works”较妥。(5) 要有利于得出合理的结论。若选“On English Teach ing inM iddle School”是很难得出比较合理的结论。题目太大,无法深 入研究,应设法限制课题范围,找到研究焦点。比如,“On the Teaching of English Phonetics”,太 笼统、太广,我们可以缩小范围: “On the Teaching of English Phonetics in Middle School”.这 个题目还可以再缩小:“On the Teaching of EnglishPhonetics in Junior High School”.这样就把 题目限制到最小范围,从而容易得出个人的结论。二、开题报告1、开题报告的写作很讲究,如果你开题报告确定了,那么就可以开始写正文了。开题报告包括5部 分:Title(题目),background(国内外研究现状),influence(选题目的和意义),Thesis statement(主题),Outline(提纲),Bibliography(参考文献)。2、首先,要给自己的论文拟定一个标题,然后给这个标题构思一个主题(Thesis statement),也 就是整篇论文到底在讲什么,要论述什么。接着,构思自己文章的大致框架,也就是提纲(Outline)。 这一步至关重要,能否列好提高决定着你之后的论文的写作。所以一定要仔细认真地对待。最后的就是 参考文献(Bibliography),这个就需要你把之前所搜集的资料都翻出来,筛选出你所需要的。一般参 考文献不要超过10个,而且最好是中英文参考文献都要有。参考文献具体的格式这里就不赘述了,具体 参考百度百度或学校发的“学士学位毕业论文指导”.三、正文(重点)1、开题报告确定之后,就要开始论文正文部分的写作了。开始写正文之前还有一个小插曲,那就是 摘要部分的写作。摘要部分真的很重要。这个要反复修改润色之后才可以通过,因为导师主要看你的摘 要,摘要要写的短而精,意思就是让你用最简明扼要的话把整篇论文的主题和内容给概括一下,达到让 人一目了然的效果。2、讲了那么多前奏性的东西,现在终于开始正文部分的写作了。那么正文写作有什么小技巧吗?答 案是肯定的。首先介绍一款非常写论文必备的工具,“有道词典”PC版,接下来教你怎么用它来完成论 文的写作。首先,我们已经准备好了各种资料,大多数资料都是电子期刊杂志,基本它们的格式都是 PDF,要求电脑支持PDF格式,有一部分是CAJ的,但仍然不影响咱们使用它。我们要做的是把你所需要的 内容(中文)复制粘贴到有道词典的在线翻译一栏,点击之后就翻译好了。别急,有道是机器翻译难免 会有很多错误,但是机器翻译有一个优点就是选词很好。这样以来,稍微语法基础好点的同学就可以对 翻译结果进行润色修改,然后粘贴到你所需要的地方就可以了。另一方面,如果你遇到自己不会写的单 词直接用有道词典搜索一下即可。当然为了求得用词精准,最好把例句看一下,有时搜不到的词,在例 句里会有更好的翻译。3、英语论文写作对原创性有一定的要求,一般是直接引用的内容不得超过30%,这就要动用童鞋们脑 袋来修改原文了,比如说你要引用书中的一段文字。你就可以把它复制粘贴到记事本里,然后开始修改 ,也就是Paraphrase.修改原句的技巧是“尽量用自己的话概括愿意”,切忌出现换汤不换药的现象,也 就是把原文中的几个词给换了。我写论文大部分是PARAPHRASE的,因为这样很省时间,论文检测的时候 也容易通过。4、查英语资料怎么能少了“维基百科”呢,因为维基是外国的网站,有很多语言的版本,如果你需 要查询什么资料,直接输入关键词,然后选择语言为“English”,然后就可以把你需要的内容复制粘贴 到记事本,稍作修改即可。千万不要直接粘贴复制别人的东西,这要会被人认为抄袭,盗窃。严重点可 能会遭到投诉,特别是东拼西凑别人论文的内容。5、写文学论文如果使用一定的方法就更简单了。但是很多童鞋都没学过,有些考过研究生的可能读 过一些相关书籍,那最好不过了。不过,你可以上网搜一些简单的文学批评方法,我当时用的是:原型 批评理论。加上这个理论,再结合自己论文的内容,稍作补充,又可以增加2000多词。6、学会充分利用“sparknotes”这个网站,因为上面有很多文学评论之类的,具体到对某个作品的 分析评论。还有作品分部分介绍,可以更好地帮你把握文章的主题。除此之外还有很多的学科的资料。7、为防止导师让你写二稿三稿,最好在交稿前多审阅几遍,让自己的同学或室友帮忙看一下语法语 句错误。因为自己连续几天对着电脑,几千字的英文实在看不下去了。然后,再用office自带的纠错功 能检查一下语法语句以及大小写,单词拼写能错误。这样反复两次修改之后,基本上都能一次性通过。四、注意事项论文结构一般包括以下部分: (1) 题目,(2) 摘要(或前言) ,(3) 提纲,(4) 正文,( 5) 结尾,(6) 注释和文献目录。原则上少用直接引语。不用直接引语的论文也是有的,但通常直接引语是需要的。(1) 如果选题 是文学方面的,必然要涉及原作者的文体。这就要求对作品中某些篇章进行分析,势必要引用原文。凡引用原作者的证据或观点都必须加角注(或补注) 说明出处。如果用间接引语陈述可以不加。角 注主要是用来说明新的论据和观点的出处,否则会被认为是剽窃。文献目录指论文中使用信息资料的书目、文章和其他出版物的细目。有两种: 工作文献目录和最后 目录。工作目录是一套卡片,在上面列出有用的资料; 最后目录是论文完成后要准备的参考书目,也是 写论文时实际要用的资料目录,因为你不可能预知哪些书或文章包含对你有用的信息,你得为每种资料 准备文献目录卡、阅读对可能舍去哪些无用的资料卡。
英语专业毕业论文应采用英语撰写,一般由以下部分组成,依次为:(1)封面,(2)任务书,(3)开题报告, (4) 英文摘要及关键词(Abstract,Keywords),(5)目录(Outline),(6)正文,(7)注释(Notes),(8)参考文献(Bibliography), (9) 致谢(Acknowledgement)。Outline中要有Thesis Statement, 采用四号加粗,目录的各章节应简明扼要,其中每章(Ⅰ.Ⅱ.Ⅲ.)题目采用小三号,每节(A.B.C.)题目采用四号。目录部分采用单倍行距。
不会,我可以
一.关于本专业毕业论文的选题英语专业本科生毕业论文选题可以在三个大的方向中进行,即英语文学,语言学和翻译学。各个大方向中又可以选择小的方向,具体解释如下:1.英语文学:选择英语文学的毕业论文选题可以从三个方向进行:国别文学研究、文学批评理论研究和比较文学研究。在进行国别文学研究选题时,一般选取英国文学或美国文学中的某一经典作家(如海明威),某一经典作品(如《双城记》),某一写作手法(如象征手法的运用)或某一文学思潮(如浪漫主义运动)作深入研究。但在选择作家或作品时最好选择在文学史上作为经典的作家或作品。有个别流行作家或作品极富盛名,容易引起学生的兴趣,如《飘》或《荆棘鸟》,学生有强烈愿望选择它们作为研究对象。在不可避免上述情况时,应该尽可能地挖掘作品内在的深刻含义,不能流于肤浅的分析。文学批评理论的选题一般不太适合英语专业本科生,因为该理论知识的学习在英语专业研究生阶段,本科生一般不具备文学批评理论的知识结构。这个方向的选题可以有关某一文学批评理论,一文学批评术语的阐释或某两种或以上的文学批评理论的比较。比较文学研究就是将两个以上的作家或作品进行比较。这两个作品或作家可以是同一国别的(如“雪莱与拜伦的诗歌比较”),也可以是不同国别的(如《牡丹亭》与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》)2.语言学:选择语言学的毕业论文选题可以在两个大的方向进行:普通语言学和应用语言学。普通语言学的研究就是对于英语语言的任何一个方面的研究,如对一种词性、或一种时态、或拼写、语调等等方面的研究(如“一般现在时及其交际功能”)。应用语言学包括教学法的研究和其它一些新兴的应用语言学分支的研究。师范专业或本身从事教师职业的学生选择教学法方向的较多。在这个方向选题,也要避免过大范围的选题,而应对一个具体问题进行研究,最重要的是要结合教学实践或实验。这个方向的好的选题有:“个性与英语教学”,“方言对英语学习的影响”等。3.翻译学:翻译学的选题一般可以在两个方向上进行:翻译理论以及翻译活动。对翻译理论的研究就是探讨某一种翻译理论等等。相比之下,对翻译活动的研究更多一些,这些选题可以是对一种语言现象的翻译、或一种修辞格的翻译的研究(如“汉语成语的英译”)。应该注意的是,在对翻译活动作研究时,往往需要某种翻译理论支撑,总结规律,并对这一活动作出评价,要避免仅仅时例子的罗列。二.英语专业毕业论文格式要求学位论文包括前置、主体、附录等三个部分。(一)前置1.英文封面:由论文英文题目、解释、作者、指导老师姓名和职称、时间组成。2.目录:由论文的中、英文摘要、篇、章、条、款以及参考书目、附录等序号、题名和页码组成,排在英文封面之后另页。3.中、英文内容摘要:摘要是论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述,宜以最简洁的语言介绍论文的概要、作者的突出论点、新见解或创造性成果以及实验方法、数据或结论,是一篇完整的短文,可以独立使用,中文摘要一般在200字左右4关键词:关键词是用以表示全文主题内容信息的单词或术语。为便于文献检索,学位论文应注明三至五个具有代表意义中、外文“关键词”,这些关键词就是论文的中心词,以显著的字符另起一行,分别排在中、外文摘要的左下方。各关键词之间用“分号”隔开。外文关键词应与中文关键词相对应。(二)主体部分主题部分包括引言(Introduction)、正文(Body)、结论(Conclusion)、参考文献(Bibliography)。主体部分必须由另页右页开始。1.引言:主要说明研究工作的目的、涉及范围、相关领域的前人研究成果和知识空白、研究设想、研究方法等方面的概述、理论意义和实用价值等。2.正文:论文的正文是核心部分,占主要篇幅。一般论文选题需要从几个方面来论述或论证。要求论据充分,论点明确。行文必须实事求是,客观真切,准确完备,合乎逻辑,层次分明,简练可读。正文部分要有分级标题,章、条、款、项的序号编码方法,采用阿拉伯数分级系列编号法,论文中的章、条、款、项依次排列,依次从1开始,连续编号,中间用“.”相隔,最末级编号之后不加点。示例:1.2.…… 2.12.2…… 2.2.12.2.22.2.3.… 2.2.3.13.结论:学位论文的结论是最终的、总体的结论,它是对正文部分的论述的概述,也可以在结论或讨论中提出建议、研究设想、尚待解决的问题等。4.参考文献:写作学位论文过程中,阅读或运用过某些文献所列出的书目清单,置于正文之后,另页开始。参考文献的著录按原文献语种为原则。(1)文献目录应另页书写,外文文献排前,中文文献排后。外文文献书名须用斜体。(2)文献目录一律按作者姓氏汉语拼音或外文字母顺序排列。(3)每条文献必须顶格写,回行时空两字或五个英语字母。(4)将各文献的类型代号(即文献英文名的首字母)注明在文献之后:专著[M] 学位论文[D] 论文集〔C〕 报纸文章〔N〕 期刊文章〔J〕 报告[R]专利 [P] 专著、论文集的析出文献[A] 其他未说明文件 〔Z〕电子文献中光盘图书 [M/CD](MONOGRAPH ON CD)网上期刊〔J/OL〕(serial online)5.文内所引文献:要求附夹注,应在引文后加括号注明作者姓名(英文只注姓),出版年和引文页码。若为转引文献,则加quoted in 字样。例:(王佐良,1982:38)(Newmark,8:26-33)6.文献中列出的文献应该与正文中标注的文献一一对应。正文中没有出现的,不应出现在参考文献中。(三)附录部分附录包括所有与论文有关的补充材料,如图表或照片等。
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板精选3篇
论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要,以便读者一翻提要就知道书的`大概内容,下面是我为大家推荐的3篇英语教学毕业论文的提纲模板,希望大家喜欢!
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板一
Abstract 5-6
摘要 7-9
1. Introduction 9-11
1.1 Background of the Research 9
1.2 Significance of the Research 9-10
1.3 Structure of the thesis 10-11
2. Literature Review 11-19
2.1 Some Attempts to Define expert and novice teacher 11-13
2.2 An overview of studies on teaching behaviors 13-16
2.3 An overview of the characteristics of expert teachers' teaching behaviors 16
2.4 Limitations of the Previous Studies 16
2.5 Theoretical bases 16-19
3. Research Design 19-25
3.1 Subjects 19-20
3.2 Observed teaching tasks 20-21
3.3 Classification of English teachers’ teaching behaviors 21-22
3.4 Research method 22-24
3.5 Research Procedures 24-25
4. Data Analysis and Discussion 25-51
4.1 Diversity in Speech Presentation behavior 25-33
4.2 Diversity in Text Presentation 33-38
4.3 Diversity in Action Presentation (body language) 38-40
4.4 Diversity in interaction behavior 40-51
5. Conclusions and Implications 51-55
5.1 Conclusions 51-53
5.2 Pedagogical Implications 53-54
5.3 Limitations and recommendations for the Further Research 54-55
Acknowledgments 55-56
References 56-59
Appendix I Classroom observation worksheet of teaching behavior 59-61
Appendix II 唐卫海提问行为类别观察表 61-62
Appendix III 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文 62
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板二
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-7
Tables 7-10
1. Introduction 10-14
1.1 Research Questions 11
1.2 The purpose and significance of this research 11-12
1.3 Layout of thesis 12-14
2. Literature Review 14-24
2.1 The concept and connotation of teaching journal 15-17
2.2 The Content of teaching journal 17-20
2.3 Reflective level 20
2.4 The styles of teaching journal 20-24
3.Research Design 24-26
3.1 Purpose of Research 24
3.2 Subjects 24
3.3 Instruments 24-25
3.4 Procesures of research 25
3.5 Data collection 25-26
4. Results and Discussions 26-52
4.1 Results and discussions of quesionnaire 26-32
4.2 The writing differences between teachers of differnet professional ranks on reflective content and reflective level 32-45
4.3 The writing differences between teachers of different genders on reflective content and reflective level 45-52
5. Methods to Improve Teachers' Reflective Ability 52-56
5.1 Problems in the process of reflection 52-53
5.2 The ways to improve teachers' reflective ability 53-56
6. Conclusion 56-58
6.1 Present findings 56
6.2 Limitations 56-57
6.3 Suggestions for future research 57-58
Acknowledgements 58-60
Bibliography 60-64
Appendix 64-65
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板三
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-8
1. Introduction 8-12
1.1 Research background 8
1.2 Significance of the study 8-10
1.3 Organization of thesis 10-12
2. Literature Review 12-22
2.1 Language learning strategies 12-15
2.1.1 Definition of the language learning strategies 12-13
2.1.2 Classification of learning strategies 13-14
2.1.3 Studies on learning strategies 14-15
2.2 Language learning styles 15-18
2.2.1 Definition of language learning style 15
2.2.2 Classification of language learning style 15-17
2.2.3 Studies on language learning style 17-18
2.3 Learning strategies training 18-19
2.4. Review of the relationship of learning strategies and learning styles 19-22
3. Methodology 22-33
3.1 Purposes 22
3.2 Hypotheses 22
3.3 Research participants 22-23
3.4 Instruments of the research 23-24
3.4.1 Questionnaire 23
3.4.2 Observation 23-24
3.5 Procedures 24-33
3.5.1 Pre-treatment questionnaire 24-25
3.5.2 Language learning strategy training instruction 25-30
3.5.3 Post-treatment questionnaire 30-33
4. Results and Discussion 33-47
4.1 Results of the questionnaire 33-43
4.1.1 The results of the T-test in pre-treatment questionnaire 37-40
4.1.2 The results of the T-test in post-treatment questionnaire 40-43
4.2 Discussion 43-47
4.2.1 The senior high school students’ learning styles were expanded with the help of learning strategy training 44
4.2.2 The variety of learning styles helps the students to learn better with different learning tasks 44-45
4.2.3 The learning strategies help the students learn better, more easily and actively33 45-47
5. Conclusion 47-49
5.1 Major findings 47-48
5.1.1 The learning styles of the senior high students were tended to be various 47-48
5.1.2 The language learning strategy training can expand or even changethe language learning styles 48
5.2 Limitations and recommendations for further study 48-49
Acknowledgements 49-51
Bibliography 51-55
Appendix 55-61
AppendixA 关于英语学习风格的问卷调查 55-59
AppendixB 英语学习策略培训观察量表 59-60
AppendixC Listening Material 60-61
有关英语教学毕业论文提纲模板精选3篇
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板一
Abstract 5-6
摘要 7-9
1. Introduction 9-11
1.1 Background of the Research 9
1.2 Significance of the Research 9-10
1.3 Structure of the thesis 10-11
2. Literature Review 11-19
2.1 Some Attempts to Define expert and novice teacher 11-13
2.2 An overview of studies on teaching behaviors 13-16
2.3 An overview of the characteristics of expert teachers' teaching behaviors 16
2.4 Limitations of the Previous Studies 16
2.5 Theoretical bases 16-19
3. Research Design 19-25
3.1 Subjects 19-20
3.2 Observed teaching tasks 20-21
3.3 Classification of English teachers’ teaching behaviors 21-22
3.4 Research method 22-24
3.5 Research Procedures 24-25
4. Data Analysis and Discussion 25-51
4.1 Diversity in Speech Presentation behavior 25-33
4.2 Diversity in Text Presentation 33-38
4.3 Diversity in Action Presentation (body language) 38-40
4.4 Diversity in interaction behavior 40-51
5. Conclusions and Implications 51-55
5.1 Conclusions 51-53
5.2 Pedagogical Implications 53-54
5.3 Limitations and recommendations for the Further Research 54-55
Acknowledgments 55-56
References 56-59
Appendix I Classroom observation worksheet of teaching behavior 59-61
Appendix II 唐卫海提问行为类别观察表 61-62
Appendix III 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文 62
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板二
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-7
Tables 7-10
1. Introduction 10-14
1.1 Research Questions 11
1.2 The purpose and significance of this research 11-12
1.3 Layout of thesis 12-14
2. Literature Review 14-24
2.1 The concept and connotation of teaching journal 15-17
2.2 The Content of teaching journal 17-20
2.3 Reflective level 20
2.4 The styles of teaching journal 20-24
3.Research Design 24-26
3.1 Purpose of Research 24
3.2 Subjects 24
3.3 Instruments 24-25
3.4 Procesures of research 25
3.5 Data collection 25-26
4. Results and Discussions 26-52
4.1 Results and discussions of quesionnaire 26-32
4.2 The writing differences between teachers of differnet professional ranks on reflective content and reflective level 32-45
4.3 The writing differences between teachers of different genders on reflective content and reflective level 45-52
5. Methods to Improve Teachers' Reflective Ability 52-56
5.1 Problems in the process of reflection 52-53
5.2 The ways to improve teachers' reflective ability 53-56
6. Conclusion 56-58
6.1 Present findings 56
6.2 Limitations 56-57
6.3 Suggestions for future research 57-58
Acknowledgements 58-60
Bibliography 60-64
Appendix 64-65
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板三
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-8
1. Introduction 8-12
1.1 Research background 8
1.2 Significance of the study 8-10
1.3 Organization of thesis 10-12
2. Literature Review 12-22
2.1 Language learning strategies 12-15
2.1.1 Definition of the language learning strategies 12-13
2.1.2 Classification of learning strategies 13-14
2.1.3 Studies on learning strategies 14-15
2.2 Language learning styles 15-18
2.2.1 Definition of language learning style 15
2.2.2 Classification of language learning style 15-17
2.2.3 Studies on language learning style 17-18
2.3 Learning strategies training 18-19
2.4. Review of the relationship of learning strategies and learning styles 19-22
3. Methodology 22-33
3.1 Purposes 22
3.2 Hypotheses 22
3.3 Research participants 22-23
3.4 Instruments of the research 23-24
3.4.1 Questionnaire 23
3.4.2 Observation 23-24
3.5 Procedures 24-33
3.5.1 Pre-treatment questionnaire 24-25
3.5.2 Language learning strategy training instruction 25-30
3.5.3 Post-treatment questionnaire 30-33
4. Results and Discussion 33-47
4.1 Results of the questionnaire 33-43
4.1.1 The results of the T-test in pre-treatment questionnaire 37-40
4.1.2 The results of the T-test in post-treatment questionnaire 40-43
4.2 Discussion 43-47
4.2.1 The senior high school students’ learning styles were expanded with the help of learning strategy training 44
4.2.2 The variety of learning styles helps the students to learn better with different learning tasks 44-45
4.2.3 The learning strategies help the students learn better, more easily and actively33 45-47
5. Conclusion 47-49
5.1 Major findings 47-48
5.1.1 The learning styles of the senior high students were tended to be various 47-48
5.1.2 The language learning strategy training can expand or even changethe language learning styles 48
5.2 Limitations and recommendations for further study 48-49
Acknowledgements 49-51
Bibliography 51-55
Appendix 55-61
AppendixA 关于英语学习风格的问卷调查 55-59
AppendixB 英语学习策略培训观察量表 59-60
AppendixC Listening Material 60-61
英语教育论文范文2000字
无论是身处学校还是步入社会,大家都不可避免地会接触到论文吧,论文可以推广经验,交流认识。相信写论文是一个让许多人都头痛的问题,以下是我为大家整理的英语教育论文范文2000字,仅供参考,希望能够帮助到大家。
论文题目: 浅析游戏教学法在中职英语课堂教学中的应用
摘要: 情感因素对语言学习有很大的影响。中职学生在英语学习方面普遍存在着基础薄弱、学习动机不强等学习焦虑方面的问题,英语课堂教学因此存在着互动消极、教学反馈少、效果差的情况。游戏教学法从理论和实际效用上对于改善这种情况都是很好的应用。
关键词: 游戏教学法;中职英语;课堂教学
英语是当今世界通用语言,我们在生活和工作中越来越多地接触、使用到英语,学好英语对于当代中职生的职业发展和个人素质的提高都是非常有益和必要的。但是实际情况是,中职生的英语基础普遍薄弱,存在不同程度的英语学习焦虑,有的中职生,由于英语基础比较薄弱,对英语失去了兴趣,出现了对英语失去信心的现象,从而导致英语课堂教学开展困难,教学效果不理想。
一、中职英语课堂教学的现状
1.教师讲授为主,师生互动为辅,学生参与度低。中职英语教学课时有限,为了完成既定的教学内容,语言知识的讲解和练习占据了大多数的课堂教学时间。师生间互动教学以教师提问,学生作答为主,学生间生生互动以课文对话的替换练习为主,形式内容单调。学生对此不感兴趣,形成了“老师讲,学生听”的单调局面。有时上课还有学生玩手机、睡觉等现象,课堂效果非常不好。
2.教材设定的情景互动内容趣味性弱,学生参与度低下。现行教材中设定的情景练习以生活类英语会话为主,如购物、就餐、问路、看病等,缺乏趣味性。中职学生处于爱玩爱闹的青春期,此类会话练习难以触动学生的兴奋点。
3.学生基础薄弱,有不同程度的英语学习焦虑。在开展课堂互动时,中职生往往沉默应对,或是消极敷衍,鹦鹉学舌,应付了事。即使教师积极地鼓励学生,这种正面的评价也很难得到学生自己的认同。
二、语言学习中的情感因素影响
语言学家斯蒂芬·克拉申(Stephen Krashen)的情感过滤假设理论(Affective Filter Hypothesis)认为,“有了大量的适合的输入的环境并不等于学生就可以学好目的语了,第二语言习得的进程还受着许多的情感因素的影响。语言输入(input)必须通过情感过滤(filter)才有可能变成语言吸入(intake)。”也就是说,情感因素起着促进或阻碍的作用。“高情感过滤会限制习得,而低情感过滤则有助于习得。”情感因素则包括动机、自信心及焦虑程度。
英语学习中的焦虑主要指学习者需要用英语这种第二语言进行表达时产生的恐惧或不安心理。Horwitz等(1986)确定了语言焦虑的三个成因:交际畏惧、考试畏惧和负面评价畏惧。在英语课堂教学中,中职生的交际畏惧和负面评价畏惧表现得非常明显。交际畏惧是指尽管语言学习者有成熟的想法和意见,但因为无法进行合理有效的语言输出引发的焦虑。要克服这种畏惧心理,要求一个轻松、愉快的学习氛围。负面评价畏惧则是指学生的自我效能感低,对自己的英语水平和能力缺乏自信心,担心无法得到肯定评价,自尊心又导致害怕接受否定评价。针对这种畏惧,一个单纯反映语言输出效果,而不加人为评价的语言环境是比较有益的。
三、注意的规律和教学游戏
无意注意也叫不随意注意,它是一种没有预定目的,也不需要意志努力的注意。引起无意注意的原因来自两个方面,一是客观刺激物的特点,二是人的主体状态。注意的规律表明:(1)那些符合人的需要和兴趣的事物,容易引起人的无意注意。(2)新颖充实、难易适当的教学内容和多样化的教学方法能保持学生的注意力。心理学的研究表明,最能引起注意的是那些既使人感到熟悉,又有些陌生的内容。而教学方法的多样化,则符合“不断变化的刺激”这一无意注意的规律,能激发学生定向探求活动,不致使定向反射由于刺激物的习惯化而消失。中职生是爱玩爱闹的青少年群体,多数喜欢做游戏,对这种形式有较高的接受度和兴趣,并且教学游戏有多种变化形式,可以提供“不断变化的刺激”,非常符合无意注意的教学规律。利用无意注意规律的教学游戏,有利于学生形成正确的学习方法和良好的学习习惯,有利于化难为易,减轻学生负担。
四、游戏教学法在中职英语课堂教学中的应用
1.游戏教学法的应用原则。
(1)目标性原则:教学游戏的设计要以教学为中心,与其密切相关。不能一味追求趣味性,而必须充分考虑教学目的、教学内容、教学要求。
(2)竞争性和协作性原则:游戏具有比赛的性质,这有助于学生克服害羞、怕说错的心理障碍;以小组的形式展开的游戏要求每个成员积极参与,为了完成同一任务互相配合,有助于克服学生的懈怠和懒惰情绪,同时培养了学生的团队精神和协作意识。
(3)层次性原则:一方面要遵循循序渐进的原则,设计一系列由易到难的游戏活动。另一方面要注意面向全体学生,根据学生的实际水平分层次地开展游戏活动,让全体学生都有机会参与,都能体验到成功的喜悦。
(4)创新性原则:根据学生的反馈和实际教学效果,不断地设计和创新新的游戏,让学生也参与到游戏的设计中来,充分调动学生的主动性和积极性。
2.游戏教学法实例。
(1)猜词游戏(词汇主题的练习)。游戏方法一:同学A对单词进行描述(Oral Description),同学B来猜测。如“It is a kind of fruit,it has green skin and red inside.”游戏方法二:用问答形式进行猜词。给出既定范围内的单词,比如交通工具类。同学A用规定的一般疑问句句型发问,如“Does the vehicle have wheels?”同学B只能回答“Yes”或“No”。两组同学分别进行,规定时间内猜出更多词汇的一组获胜。这是一种促使学生积极思维,考察学生对知识点掌握情况的好方法。
(2)传话游戏(句子的口语练习)。学生分两组,教师把课文中的好句子或使用重点短语和词汇的句子告诉每组的第一位学生,这位学生迅速口述给第二位学生,一个一个往下传,让最后一位学生说出这句话与第一位学生所说的进行比较,看哪组传话传得又快又好,准确说出的小组为获胜者。这种方式可练习学生的听说能力,且能对课文的知识点掌握得更好。这种寓教于乐的形式,很受学生的欢迎,他们思维活跃,反应灵敏,在游戏中,就学到了很多短语和词汇,这是一举两得的好的教学方式。
(3)一站到底(文化类主题的练习)。每组选出一名学生参加游戏,以抽签的方式产生一位擂主,其他同学依次进行挑战,挑战胜利者成为下一轮的擂主接受挑战,最后站在擂主位置的同学为获胜者。挑战的题目内容是与文化相关的,每个同学答题时间有一定的限制。如“When is Christmas?(圣诞节是何时?)Whatdo westerners use when they eat?(西方人用什么吃饭?)”
(4)“记忆达人”秀(以复习职业类单词为例)。教师快速呈现一组图片,其中包括职业类、食品类、运动类等,然后要求学生说出共有几幅关于职业的图片以及这些职业的单词,答出最多者为“记忆达人”。可以把学生的积极性调动起来进行比赛。答案正确,答对数量多者为优胜者,现场发“记忆达人”小红旗。也可以进行“记忆达人”挑战赛,最终获胜者,为“记忆达人”霸主,从而激发学生的积极性。
(5)单词接龙游戏。教师给出单词,如holiday,要求学生用尾字母作为首字母给出新单词,以此类推,单词不能重复。两组同学比赛,规定时间内说出更多单词的一组获胜。在此游戏中尽量鼓励学生给出新单词。这一游戏要求学生能迅速地听出前一个学生给出的单词,且对该单词的拼写要非常熟悉,这可帮助学生记忆单词,其他的学生也可锻炼听力及巩固单词的记忆。这样既可活跃气氛,又锻炼学生的反应能力,是学生喜欢的一种非常有效的接龙游戏。
五、结论
孔子曾经说过:“知之者不如好之者,好之者不如乐之者。”心理学研究表明,当一个人充满兴趣地干一件事时,创造性和主动性会得到高效发挥。他们会积极主动地去求知,去实践,并在成功的体验中收获学识增加、智力提高的乐趣和满足感,从而变得乐于学习,善于学习。实践表明,这种玩中学、学中玩的游戏教学法是中职学生乐于接受的一种情景教学方式,既可以优化中职英语课堂教学,调节课堂的学习氛围,又可以使中职学生学习和掌握知识,让学生学以致用,还可以充分调动中职学生的非智力因素和潜力,使学生改变以往消极懈怠的不良学习态度。总之,只要中职英语教师在实施游戏教学法时精心设计、运用得体,就能够提高中职学生英语学习的兴趣和效率。
参考文献:
[1]王茹。浅谈课堂游戏法在高职英语课堂中的应用[J].读与写:教育教学刊,2010,(03)。
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【内容摘要】 今后的教学模式的发展趋势是从哲学范畴去创新课堂教学形式,在生成观视域下探索学生的心理发展,最终以课堂教学为外在形式,使学生能够形成积极的人生观、价值观。本文从“生成观”的角度来理解大学英语教学过程,对其价值导向、主体生成、生活属性等进行哲学关注,希望从理论上重新理清大学英语的教育思路,提高教学效果。
【关键词】 生成观;大学英语教育;价值导向;主体生成
将英语课堂的视角投向大学英语教学的课堂之外,从知识的传授到学生专业技能的学习,再从专业技能到健康和谐的心理活动的生成。今后的教学模式的发展趋势是从哲学范畴去创新课堂教学形式,在生成观视域下探索学生的心理发展,最终以课堂教学为外在形式,使学生能够形成积极的人生观、价值观。
一、生成观的哲学阐释
哲学家海德格尔对生成观的解释是:最为独立的“人”的存在,不能单纯的独立于社会之外,而是将其看做是社会各自然人相互作用的结果。其本质就是将“人”看做不断生长、不断完善的一个过程的产物。从哲学的角度来理解就是每一个个体都是相互影响、相互促进的“社会性人的存在”,不再单纯将“人”看做生命机体的.存活,而是将其视为“生成性的社会存在”。在大学英语教育的过程中,从“生成观”的角度来理解教学过程就是:不再将课堂教学视为单纯的知识传授,而是要从学生的知识形成过程去分析其影响因素,从心里层面、社会角度去分析探究提高学生的成长过程。从哲学的范畴就是强调学生学习的的客观性、社会性、过程性,围绕上述几个方面展开大学英语的教育活动。也就是说,大学英语教育活动中教与学的都是在社会大背景下,相互影响、相互促进的自然过程。从辩证角度去理解教学过程,对完善教学活动,提高学生综合素质有着积极的意义。
二、生成观视域下的大学英语教学
对于生成观视域下的大学英语教学活动解读,主要体现在三个方面。一是教学互动,大学课堂不再是大学教师主导的教学活动,而是需要教师和学生、学生和学生、教师与教师之间的双向、多角度互动交流,将知识的传授变成交流互动的最终产物,这也是知识本身由来的客观性存在。二是从心理、文化、环境等多角度去分析教学影响因素,更加客观的评价教学活动。大学英语教育过程是受以上诸多因素影响的,不再单纯的去完善大学课堂教学模式。这样的体系更加客观,更能综合性的分析评定大学英语教育活动。三是辩证理解学生及教师之间的关系。之前的教学活动,大学教师是教学主体,主导学生的学习活动。
(一)大学英语的价值导向
首先,大学英语教育切合现实需求。在大学英语教育的整个过程中,大学教材的选择、课堂组织形式、教学效果评价等等都需要与当前的市场经济需求相吻合。学生在学习的过程中,可以有效的将知识与现实需求结合起来,不仅提高了学习效率,而且学习的主动性大大提高。在这样的价值背景下,现实需求不是追求短期的经济需求,而是要将眼光放远,应用更加开阔的角度来审视我们当前的英语教学过程。其次,大学英语教学合乎未来需求。在变化多端的社会活动中,要有前瞻性的眼光,对当前的英语教育活动进行必要的探究,将教育活动最大化的与现实需求进行良性互动,最终能在英语教育的过程中,提高学生知识的综合运用的能力。学生的毕业时间往往与当前的英语学习有时间上的差异,也就是说知识的学习与应用不是同时进行的,这就要求教师在组织教学活动时,对知识的未来需求有一定的前瞻性,使学习的内容合乎市场经济的未来需求。第三,大学英语教育要存些“功利心”。在当前的大学英语教学中,教学活动的组织都在考试这一指挥棒下进行,这虽然能在短期内提高学生的学习成绩,但是从根本上来讲忽略教育的本质功能,是培养学生良好知识架构和实践技能,最终能在毕业后得到合适的工作,在社会上能谋生。也就是说,我们的大学教育应该在满足成绩的需求基础上,对于学生的学习内容进行相应的创新变革,最终满足学生基本的就业需求。
(二)大学英语教学的主体生成
第一,大学英语教育中的主体之一是教师。教师在教育活动中的意义不言而喻,在传统的教育活动中,更多的是关注教师的传道授业解惑,也就是说教师能否完成本职工作,很少对教师的自身价值观念和知识架构进行评价分析。在教书育人的过程中,教师的外在形式与内心诉求有着统一性的表现。第二,大学英语教育活动的主体之一是学生。学生在学习活动中,对于知识的掌握和基本实践技能的提高都与学生自身的学习行为有着密切的联系。在生成观视域下,学生的学习活动不再是单一的个体行为,而是在社会活动的范围内完成学习过程。学生在学习过程中,应该讲自身的心理活动、学习环境、文化素质等等因素与自身的学习活动结合起来,客观性的评价自身的学习行为,最终提高自身文化素养及社会实践能力。
(三)大学英语教学的生活属性
在生成观视域下,对大学英语教学活动进行分析总结,得出教学活动本身就是自然人社会活动的缩影。大学教学活动是教师与学生互动存在的社会活动,这本很就是生活的一部分。所以在教学活动中,教师与学生之间的互动交流都要本着乐观的生活态度进行,在良好的价值观引导下,进行相应的教学活动,这样往往能够达成最初的教学目标。生成观视域下的大学英语教育实践活动要本着教与学的双向交流互动、多角度分析影响因素及尊重知识的客观存在性基础上展开教学活动的组织、策划。生成观视域下的教学活动其本质是探究知识存在的客观性,在教学活动中,学生及教师相互尊重,共同交流,在此基础上不断获取文化知识,提高社会实践技能。
参考文献
[1]海德格尔.存在与时间[M].北京:生活.读书.新知三联书店,2006.
[2]王守仁.坚持科学的大学英语教学改革观[J].外语界,2013(6).
摘要: 我国传统的高校英语教育偏向于应试教育,学生更多地只是为了应付考试过级,哑巴英语现象十分严重。因此,随着互联网技术的发展,高校英语教育在跨文化的视域下需要做好转型和改革。而且,高校英语教育必须适应互联网的传播方式,同时,高校英语教育还要注意互联网时代跨文化的影响。
关键词: 互联网时代;跨文化;高校英语教育
任何语言的学习都是文化的体现,同样,对于英语的教育其实也是一种文化的体现,我国传统的高校英语教育更重视的是应试教育,导致学生实践应用能力比较差,只是为了应付考试而学习英语。而随着社会的发展,以及网络技术、电子信息技术、通信技术和互联网技术的进步,全世界已经进入到了互联网时代。在互联网时代,由于以新媒体为代表的媒体传播以快速和便捷的优势迅速影响了全世界,互联网让全世界无论身在何时何地都可以迅速地获得自己想要的资料,在此大背景下,互联网的优势逐渐显现出来,跨文化融合趋势愈加明显。区域文化和地区文化很容易随着新媒体和互联网的传播进入到任何国家,所以,高校英语教育也应该做好转型和改革,从而更好地适应社会的变化和发展,促进高校英语教育水平的进一步提升。
一、高校英语教育必须适应互联网的传播方式
互联网传播方式的特点是快速和便捷,高校英语教育是一种语言学习,而语言学习首先需要的是语言的氛围和环境的熏陶,以及多语言文化的了解。在互联网时代,高校英语教育应该有效利用互联网的优势,在帮助学生学好英语的同时,教会学生在具备多渠道和传播优势的互联网上获取自身英语学习所需要的有效资料,丰富英语教育的内容,同时还应该提高学习的趣味性和生动性。高校的英语教育可以加强人才培养方案的改革与创新,让学生多进行实践性的教学,在互联网上获取自己所需要的教学资源,并且还可以进一步强化英语教学内容和教学手段的改进。互联网的发展影响了很多人,对于高校的英语教育而言,利用互联网来进行英语教学的改革势在必行,互联网的优势在于它可以丰富教学内容和教学方法,可以激发学生学习英语的兴趣,可以调动学生学习英语的积极性,从而使学生在互联网的帮助下更好地学习英语。客观地说,互联网为高校的英语教育带来了机遇,同时也带来了挑战,一方面,互联网充实了高校英语教学的教学内容,丰富了高校英语教学的教学模式;另一方面,在一定程度上,互联网在提高高校的优质英语教学方法方面提出了挑战。
二、高校英语教育要注意互联网时代跨文化的影响
互联网时代,语言早已经成为了一种传播文化的有效工具,学习一国的语言也必须要了解一个国家的文化,随着全球的一体化发展,跨文化的思想也逐渐成为学习语言的一种障碍,尤其是高校英语教学,如果不能摈弃哑巴英语的学习方式和方法,不能在跨文化语境中有效地学习英语,就无法真正地掌握英语的精髓。因此,为了学好英语这门语言,就应该加强对英美文化的全面了解,尤其是在跨文化的过程中,要注意英美思维的融入,只有这样,才能找到英语的精髓,才能确保英语学习效率。文化的接受是一个长期的过程,跨文化视域下的英语学习和高校英语教育更应该关注学生学习的过程,尤其是如何让学生在学习过程中从跨文化的观念出发,借用互联网的优势来做好自身英语的学习。语言的学习和文化的融合是息息相关、密不可分的,对于文化的了解有利于强化语言学习,而互联网时代恰好为英语教学的发展提供了条件。在高校的英语教学中,可以通过互联网来了解跨文化背景下的西方文化,便于自身更好地掌握这门语言,并且精通这门语言的学习。
三、结语
随着教育的进一步发展,高等教育已经逐步开始了应用型教育的转型,尤其是在互联网市场上,高等教育应该与时俱进,做好高校教育的工作,英语教育亦是如此,英语教育不同于其他的高校教育,是一门跨文化背景下的语言教育,因此,想要学会他国的语言,首先需要充分了解该国的文化背景,那么,如何在互联网时代,在跨文化视域的背景下提高高校英语教学水平,培养出更多的适合社会发展的人才成为需要研究的重要问题。
参考文献:
[1]高欣.基于中西文化差异视域下对高校英语跨文化教育的研究[J].艺术品鉴,2015(5):215.
[2]李阳.跨文化视域下的英语阅读教学新思路探究:基于新课改文化教学政策性要求的反思[J].黑龙江生态工程职业学院学报,2015(1):109-110,125.
[3]武晓燕.跨文化视域下的大学英语听说课教改研究[J].中国成人教育,2013(19):179-181.
[4]彭早.文化多元化视域下高校思想政治教育实效性探究[D].重庆:重庆理工大学,2014.
[5]臧轶楠.英语文化教育视域下大学生跨文化意识的培养[J].长春理工大学学报,2013(4):120-121.
[6]赵耀.商务英语视域下跨文化交际能力的培养[J].长春理工大学学报:社会科学版,2012(3):182-184.
写作思路:简述中西方教育的差异,写出自己的观点,表达出自己对于现代教育的关切。
正文:
Western education is a kind of trial education, let students try first, accumulate experience and draw conclusions from it, and get their own research results. Western education attaches importance to people-oriented, which is conducive to the cultivation of students' innovative ability.
西方教育是一种尝试教育,先让学生尝试,从中积累经验得出结论,得到的属于自己研究的成果。西方教育重视以人为本,利于培养学生创新能力。
Chinese education is a kind of indoctrinated examination oriented education, which directly tells the students of adult experience, so that they can remember and accept it. Results the students lack of innovative thinking.
中国教育是一种灌输式应试教育,直接把成人的经验告知学生,让学生记住并接受。结果学生缺乏创新思维。
Western parents cultivate and exercise their children's sense of independence and ability to live independently from an early age. We should attach importance to children's self-training and their free development, and strive to cultivate children into social people who can adapt to various environments and have independent survival ability.
西方家长从小就培养和锻炼孩子的自立意识和独立生活能力。重视孩子从小的自身锻炼,注重孩子的自由发展,努力把孩子培养成为能够适应各种环境,具备独立生存能力的社会人。
Chinese parents, in addition to double concern in life, parents are most concerned about their children's academic achievements. It seems that learning well is omnipotent, but little attention is paid to children's independent living ability, social adaptability, mental health level, moral sentiment and citizen consciousness, and some even ignore it completely.
中国家长,除了生活上加倍关心外,家长最关心的是孩子的学习成绩。似乎学习好就是万能的,而对孩子的独立生活能力、社会适应能力、心理健康程度、道德情操以及公民意识等则关心甚少,有的甚至完全不顾。
From birth to adulthood, parents have almost everything for their children, such as cooking, washing clothes, cleaning, saving money for their children to go to university, go abroad, get married, raise children, etc. Foreign parents pay attention to the Chinese parents' neglect.
从孩子出生到成年,家长几乎把孩子的一切都包了下来,做饭、洗衣服、打扫、攒钱供孩子读大学、出国、结婚、养儿育女等。外国家长重视的恰恰是中国家长忽视的。
Whether it is school education or family education, we must attach importance to the cultivation of children's ability while paying attention to their academic performance, so that they can adapt to various environments from childhood. Let children have independent thinking, adapt to social changes.
无论是学校教育还是家庭教育,在重视孩子学习成绩的同时,必须重视孩子能力的培养,让他能从小适应各种环境。让孩子拥有独立思考,适应社会各种变化的人。
英语论文致谢词模板(精选5篇)
论文致谢是很多毕业生都必须要撰写的,用于感谢在论文写作过程中帮助过自己的所有老师、同学、家长及朋友,让我们坐下来好好写写论文致谢吧。你知道写论文致谢需要注意哪些问题吗?以下是我帮大家整理的英语论文致谢词模板,欢迎阅读,希望大家能够喜欢。
This thesis would not have been completed without much assistance,encouragement and support from many people. I want sincerely to avail thisopportunity to express my cordial thanks to those who have granted me invaluableinstructions during the process of thesis writing.
First and foremost, I extend my greatest gratitude to Professor Hongbo Song,myadvisor and supervisor, for his insightful guidance and earnest help. He advised me tothink over the selection of the subject and to carry out a series of relevant research at avery early time; and during the process of writing,he spent a lot of time guiding me ina right direction and provided many useful suggestions. It is under his strenuous helpthat I could complete this thesis in time.
Moreover, my sincere thanks go to my teachers in the School of ForeignLanguages at Zhejiang Gongshang University. They provide me with a wonderfullearning environment where I learn and grow up for their tireless instructions that willdefinitely exert a deep influence on my later life.
Besides, I express my gratitude to my friends and fellow classmates. They sharetheir knowledge with me and help me out when I am faced with any difficulties aboutthe thesis. They have tried their best to give me their precious suggestions during theprocess of writing the thesis.
Last but not least, I am deeply in debt to my beloved parents for theirencouragement, understanding and endless love during my life. They have created thebest environment for me to focus on the thesis writing during the winter holiday, andall this could not be possible without their selfless sacrifice and persistent support.
Based on the CET 4 and CET6 compositions extracted from the CLEC,the study aimsto reveal the relationship between the linguistic features and the writing quality by meansof the advanced software,namely Lexical Frequency Profile, Coh-Metrix3.0 and L2Syntactic Complexity Analyzer for the analysis of vocabulary, syntax and textual cohesion.
This study will be of great value mainly for the following two aspects:Firstly, theoretically speaking, the study is going to offer guidance and reference forthe teaching methodology of L2 writing. The study reveals the contribution of lexicaldiversity, syntactic complexity, textual cohesion to writing quality, reflects the mostdecisive factor of the writing quality and analyzes the mutual relationship between thelexical diversity and quality of writing, the syntactic complexity and quality of writing aswell as the textual cohesion and quality of writing. Hopefully, this research will shedsome light on the instruction of CET 4 and 6 writing and provide practical advice.Secondly, practically speaking, the study demonstrates a new direction for thedevelopment of automatic assessment of the writing.
The study is to be carried out bothby means of software and labor work to comprehensively examine more than 28variables that might have an impact on writing quality and build the relation modelbetween these related variables and writing scores.
I would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis.
My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Professor ******, my supervisor, for his constant encouragement and guidance. He has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without his consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form.
Second, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Professor *******, who led me into the world of translation. I am also greatly indebted to the professors and teachers at the Department of English: ********who have instructed and helped me a lot in the past two years.
Last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.
First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis. I gratefully acknowledge the help of my supervisor, Ms**, who has offered me valuable suggestions in the academic studies. In the preparation of this thesis, she has spent much time reading through each draft and provided me with inspiring advice. Without her patient instruction, insightful criticism and expert guidance, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible.
Second, I also owe a special debt of gratitude to all the professors in Foreign Languages Institute, from whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures I have benefited a lot and academically prepared for the thesis.
Last, I should finally like to express my gratitude to my beloved parents who have always been helping me out of difficulties and supporting without a word of complaint.
Time is a bird forever on the wing. For the past two years' post-graduate study, Ireally had a fulfilling life here. Not only have I met many knowledgeable teachers, butalso truthful friends. I would like to give my deep gratitude to many of them.
First of all, Iam most grateful to Professor Zhang Ruwen, my supervisor, who offers me invaluableguidance and help both in my study and my life. Without her enlightening suggestions andinstructions, it would be a tough task for me to finish my thesis.
Besides, I also appreciatemany other teachers who have offered their useful suggestions and inspire me a lot. Mythanks also go to my parents, grandparents, my classmates and my loving friends. Their company is a great consolation to me. I wish everyone could live in peace and happiness.
英文毕业论文的Acknowledgement范本
First and foremost, I appreciate my college which gives me a comfortable learning atmosphere. Second, I would like to show my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Miss Zhang, who has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without her illuminating instruction and patience, this thesis could not have reached its present form.
I am also greatly indebted to all my teachers who have helped me to develop the fundamental and essential academic competence. My sincere appreciation also goes to all my classmates, who are my proud of my life. Last but not least, I want to thank all my friends, especially my three lovely roommates, for their encouragement and support.
范本翻译
首先,我很欣赏我的大学,它给了我一个舒适的学习环境。第二,我想对我的导师张小姐表示最深切的感谢,她陪我走过了这篇论文写作的所有阶段。
如果没有她富有启发性的指导和耐心,这篇论文就不可能达到现在的形式。我也非常感谢我所有的老师,他们帮助我发展了基本的和必要的学术能力。我真诚地感谢我所有的同学,他们是我生命的骄傲。最后,我要感谢我所有的朋友,特别是我那三个可爱的室友,感谢他们的鼓励和支持。
英语的论文致谢范文(精选14篇)
写论文关键的一步是在结尾附上致谢词,其作用主要是对论文写作过程中予以帮助的人表示感谢并记录在案,让我们坐下来好好写写论文致谢吧。那么我们该怎么去写论文致谢呢?以下是我为大家整理的英语的论文致谢,仅供参考,希望能够帮助到大家。
First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis. I gratefully acknowledge the help of my supervisor, Ms zhang, who has offered me valuable suggestions in the academic studies. In the preparation of this thesis, she has spent much time reading through each draft and provided me with inspiring advice. Without her patient instruction, insightful criticism and expert guidance, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible.
Second, I also owe a special debt of gratitude to all the professors in Foreign Languages Institute, from whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures I have benefited a lot and academically prepared for the thesis.
Last, I should finally like to express my gratitude to my beloved parents who have always been helping me out of difficulties and supporting without a word of complaint.
I would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis. I gratefully acknowledge the help of my supervisor, Ms. Sun Yanlan, who has offered me valuable suggestions in the academic studies. In the preparation of the thesis, she has spent much time reading through each draft and provided me with inspiring advice. Without her patient instruction, insightful criticism and expert guidance, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible.
I also owe a special debt of gratitude to all the professors in Foreign Languages Institute, from whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures I have benefited a lot and academically prepared for the thesis.
I should finally like to express my gratitude to my beloved parents who have always been helping me out of difficulties and supporting without a word of complaint.
My study at the College of International Studies will soon come to an end and, at the completion of my graduation thesis; I wish to express my sincere appreciation to all those who have offered me invaluable help during the four years of my undergraduate study here atTai Zhou Institute of Nanjing university of Science and Technology.
Firstly, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Xu Guixiang, for her constant encouragement and guidance. She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form.
Secondly, I should give my hearty thanks to all the other faculty members of the Department of English for their patient instructions in various courses and their precious suggestions for my study here.
Lastly, my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.
Here I would like to express my gratitude to all the people who helped me during theprocess of my writing this thesis. Without their help, I couldn't have completed the thesis.
First and most important of all,I wish to thank Professor XX from the bottom of myheart for not only her valuable guidance and suggestions but also her constantencouragement, patience and generosity in spending her time on my thesis.
Also special thanks should go to my colleagues and the students involved in the study inNo. 4 Senior High School who offered me consistent support and help to conduct myinvestigation and experiment.
But for them, the study would have never been finished.Meanwhile I would also like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all the respectableprofessors who taught me during my postgraduate studies in Liao Ning Normal University.
In their lessons, I acquired the academic competence needed to take on such a study.Last but not least, I feel like taking this opportunity to express my thanks to my family.Because of their love,care,understanding and encouragement, I can complete my thesiswriting eventually.
Hereby I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to those who have been ofsupport to this thesis.
First and foremost, I am extremely grateful to my supervisor Jiang Hui, who has beenvery generous with her time in helping me. Her valuable suggestions, rigorous supervisionand constant encouragement have contributed greatly to the completion of this thesis.My appreciation also goes to all the other professors and teachers, who taught me in thepast three years.
I have greatly widened my span of knowledge from their courses.I also want to express my gratitude to my classmates and friends who have supportedand encouraged me.
At last, I am grateful to my dear family for their deep love and constant support. Withoutthem, the thesis would not have been finished
AcknowledgementsMy thanks go to my supervisor, Prof. Liuruiming, who has offered a lot of suggestionsand comments on my paper and polished every page of my draft and has spent much of histime in offering valuable advice and guidance in my writing, and whose intellect insightshave contributed greatly to the completion of this thesis. Had he not devoted his pains-taking efforts to reading patiently each draft and making critical comments, the completionof this thesis would have been impossible.
My special thanks also go to all my teachers in Inner Mongolia Normal Universitywhose inspiring lectures have had an undoubted influence on much of the co ntent of mythesis.
I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to the authors whose words I havecited or quoted, and to the scholars upon whose ideas I have freely drawn.
Special thanks should also go to my students for their enthusiasm and cooperationin the survey study.
Finally, I would like to give acknowledgements to my husband, my good friendsand my parents. Their love, care, support and incessant encouragement have helped meovercome many difficulties throughout the thesis writing.
Firstly,I would like to express my sincere tiiankfulness to my supervisor, ProfessorZhang Mingjian, who gives me constant instruction and helpful advice to my thesis. Icould not finish my thesis without his patient guidance and his careful corrections.
Secondly, I want to thank all my teachers for their insightful enlightenment andprofound knowledge which helps improve my English.
Thirdly, I would like to be thankful for the sixty-six students who helped finish thequestionnaires and carry out this experimental research.
I am also really appreciated that my parents give me both financial and spiritualsupport and it is their love and support that help me go further in the road of scholarlyresearch.
My heartfelt thanks to all the teachers who have taught me during three years.They have assisted and provided me with invaluable support while I was pursuing thisresearch. This paper could not have been successfully accomplished without the helpof my supervisor, classmates, friends and my family.
First of all. I owe my sincerely thankful to my supervisor, Prof. Ma Naqin whohas generously offered much help during every stage of my thesis writing. Withouther insightful suggestion on the design of research, her patient guidance and hermeticulous review of each draft, this thesis would not have reached the present form.Her rigorous, scientific approach to academic research and dedication to teaching willundoubtedly influence my future life and my teaching career.
Special thanks to the students majoring in Art Department in NorthwestUniversity for Nationalities, who voluntarily participated in this survey. Withouttheir supports and cooperation, the present thesis is impossible.
Last but not least, my gratitude also goes to my parents, my husbands and myson who have given me continuous support and encouragement during writing thisthesis.
Upon the completion of the thesis, I would like to take this opportunity toexpress my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Peng Xiaohua, who hasgiven me important guidance on the thesis. Without his help and encouragement,my thesis would have been impossible. Besides his help with my thesis,he hasalso given me much advice on the methods of doing research, which is of greatvalue to my future academic life.
I am also obliged to other teachers whose lectures have broadened my scopeof vision in British and American literature and help me lay a necessaryfoundation for the writing of the thesis. I am also grateful to all the members ofthe faculty and staff in the College of Foreign Languages who have provided mewith a lot of help and guidance.
Last but not least, I would like to express my gratitude to all the friends andfamily members who have offered me help. Without their help,I could not havefinished my study and this thesis.
I would like to take this opportunity to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor,professor Lu yun, who has offered me constructive guidance for the planning of the thesisand invaluable advice and encouragement for its completion and improvement. She is sucha devoted teacher that though busy in her teaching and research, she never hesitates to offerme timely and spiritual support. She spares no effort to read, comment on and polish mythesis.
Besides, I wish to extend my sincere gratitude to all the teachers in the School ofForeign Languages in Guangxi Teachers Education who have taught me and given meunselfish support during my three postgraduate years. It is my great honor to have knownall those respectable teachers.
Furthermore, I would like to thank my classmates, Mao xiang, Zhu Jingyan, Zou qin,etc. They have helped me and encouraged me a lot in my writing. Without them, mypostgraduate life will lose much happiness.
Finally, I feel indebted to my parents, for their understanding and love in life. I lovethem.
I would like express my gratitude to all those who offer great help for my thesis.
First and foremost, my deepest gratitude goes to my supervisor Professor YuMuhong, for his father-like encouragement and guidance. He provided me withabundant suggestions and priceless criticisms for my writing of the thesis. But for hisconstant patient guidance and enlightenment, the thesis would have become a missionimpossible.
My sincere thanks also go to the teachers from the School of Foreign Languages ofZhejiang University of Finance and Economics, who jointly led me into the holy templeof academic field. Here, I want to send my gratefulness to those respected teachers likeProf. Wang Baorong, Prof. Li Changbao, Prof. Chen Xianghong, Prof. Shao Youxue,Prof. Teng Chao, Prof. Cen Qunxia etc. Thank you for your being with me and beingthe witnesses for the birth, growth and perfection of my thesis.
I feel indebted to my parents, without their mental and material support, I couldbarely finish the thesis on time.
Finally, my thanks should be sent to all my classmates, for their endless supportand warm hearts, making me feel like living in a united big family.
I would like to take this opportunity to thank a number of people who haveoffered invaluable assistance in the preparation of the dissertation.
My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Professor Luo Ping, mysupervisor, who has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Hiscritical comments, constant encouragement and guidance have greatly enlightened menot only on the academic pursuit but also on the morals of being a man. Without hisconsistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its presentstage.
Secondly, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to all the professors andteachers whose insightful lectures have well prepared me for the completion of thethesis during my pursuit of the Master Degree ofArts at SISU.
I also greatly appreciate the assistance offered by the authors and scholarsmentioned in the bibliography, without whose works, the literature review of mythesis would not have been possible.
Last, I am deeply indebted to my beloved parents and friends, who alwayssupported me, willingly discussed with me, and offered valuable insights. Their helpand support have accompanied me through the difficult course of the thesis andmoments of my life.
I would like to express my gratitude to those who help accomplish this study.
First of all, I thank sincerely my supervisor, Dr. Rita Welsh who always responded my email rapidly and in time with a lot of useful suggestions and comments and encouraged me to complete the study. And I also appreciated the guidance and help from Jane Williams, my previous supervisor.
Secondly, Thanks to my teachers and classmates in HTMI, David Coy, Carlos Oberli, Dorothy Qin, Grigory and Louise Liu, who gave initiative advises and their insight which helped me understand better the topic. Moreover, I would like to give my deeper thanks to my friends, Sophy Wang, Lu Wang, Cissy Niu and James Li, who looked for and made an appointment with top leaders of hotels participating in this study and my special thank is also given to those participants who provided valuable insights and made an important contribution for fulfilling this research.
Finally, I thank all of my family members, especially, my parents and sister for their financial support and encouragement.
acknowledgements
my deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to professor aaa , my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guidance. she has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form.
second, i would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to professor aaa, who led me into the world of translation. i am also greatly indebted to the professors and teachers at the department of english: professor dddd, professor ssss, who have instructed and helped me a lot in the past two years.
last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. i also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.