发布时间：
1.在论文答辩会之前，我们需要将经过了老师审定并签署过意见的毕业论文，包括所有的提纲以及任务书还有初稿都提交上去。2.在答辩会上进行论文阐述时需要先用一个短时间概述自己毕业论文的大概是什么内容以及为什么会选择这个论题，详细的介绍毕业论文的主要论点论据还有自己在写作时候的体会，字句清晰意思明确的让老师和其他在场人员明白自己所讲述的内容，这部分会考察到你的分析能力还有一些综合归总能力以及语言表达能力。3.答辩进行时会有老师对你所讲述的问题进行提问，一般在3个左右，在老师提问完后根据学校的规定可以准备一段时间或者立即给与老师答复。4.答辩完成之后学员退场，导师以及其他委员会成员根据你的论文质量和答辩的情况商讨是否通过并拟定大概成绩。5.在拟定完成绩之后主答辩导师可能会找回学员，对学员答辩情况给与小结，会肯定部分内容，然后对其他内容提出修改意见加以补充和指点。
具体的范文模板链接：
临近毕业季，大家对论文的讨论越来越热烈了，其中特别重要的一个话题就是论文答辩了，有些学校的老师会比较严格，但是只要我们做好相关的准备工作，就可以轻松解决！接下来就给大家介绍论文答辩要注意的问题吧！
答辩流程。。。其实就那么回事！！一、首先是开场白：各位老师，上午好！我叫……，是……级……班的学生，我的论文题目是……。论文是在……导师的悉心指点下完成的，在这里我向我的导师表示深深的谢意，向各位老师不辞辛苦参加我的论文答辩表示衷心的感谢，并对四年来我有机会聆听教诲的各位老师表示由衷的敬意。下面我将本论文设计的目的和主要内容向各位老师作一汇报，恳请各位老师批评指导。二、 内容 首先，我想谈谈这个毕业论文设计的目的及意义。……其次，我想谈谈这篇论文的结构和主要内容。本文分成……个部分.第一部分是……。这部分主要论述……第二部分是……。这部分分析……第三部分是……三、 结束语最后，我想谈谈这篇论文和系统存在的不足。这篇论文的写作以及修改的过程，也是我越来越认识到自己知识与经验缺乏的过程。虽然，我尽可能地收集材料，竭尽所能运用自己所学的知识进行论文写作，但论文还是存在许多不足之处，有待改进。请各位评委老师多批评指正，让我在今后的学习中学到更多。谢谢！四、 老师提问答辩的准备工作学生可以从下列问题（第4~10题）中，根据自己实际，选取二三个问题，作好汇报准备，（第1~3题必选）。时间一般不超过10分钟。内容最好烂熟于心中，不看稿纸，语言简明流畅。1．为什么选择这个课题（或题目），研究、写作它有什么学术价值或现实意义。2．说明这个课题的历史和现状，即前人做过哪些研究，取得哪些成果，有哪些问题没有解决，自己有什么新的看法，提出并解决了哪些问题。3．文章的基本观点和立论的基本依据。4．学术界和社会上对某些问题的具体争论，自己的倾向性观点。5．重要引文的具体出处。6．本应涉及或解决但因力不从心而未接触的问题；因认为与本文中心关系不大而未写入的新见解。7．本文提出的见解的可行性。8．定稿交出后，自己重读审查新发现的缺陷。9．写作毕业论文（作业）的体会。10．本文的优缺点。总之，要作好口头表述的准备。不是宣读论文，也不是宣读写作提纲和朗读内容提要。学生答辩注意事项1．带上自己的论文、资料和笔记本。2．注意开场白、结束语的礼仪。3．坦然镇定，声音要大而准确，使在场的所有人都能听到。4．听取答辩小组成员的提问，精神要高度集中，同时，将提问的问题——记在本上。5．对提出的问题，要在短时间内迅速做出反应，以自信而流畅的语言，肯定的语气，不慌不忙地—一回答每个问题。6．对提出的疑问，要审慎地回答，对有把握的疑问要回答或辩解、申明理由；对拿不准的问题，可不进行辩解，而实事求是地回答，态度要谦虚。7．回答问题要注意的几点：（1）正确、准确。正面回答问题，不转换论题，更不要答非所问。（2）重点突出。抓住主题、要领，抓住关键词语，言简意赅。（3）清晰明白。开门见山，直接入题，不绕圈子。（4）有答有辩。有坚持真理、修正错误的勇气。既敢于阐发自己独到的新观点、真知灼见，维护自己正确观点，反驳错误观点，又敢于承认自己的不足，修正失误。（5）辩才技巧。讲普通话，用词准确，讲究逻辑，吐词清楚，声音洪亮，抑扬顿挫，助以手势说明问题；力求深刻生动；对答如流，说服力、感染力强，给教师和听众留下良好的印象。祝毕业季的亲爱的都能顺利通过答辩哟。
论文答辩的步骤如下：
1、自我介绍：
在开始答辩时，礼貌的介绍自己的姓名、专业信息等正常流程。注意亲和、从容、礼貌得体，为好的第一印象做准备。
2、答辩人陈述：
这个阶段我们需要自述论文标题、研究课题的方向和原因、在研究时遇到的问题、研究的方法、结果等论文关键部分，视情况决定要不要用PPT和脱稿陈述。这个阶段注意语气平缓，气势平稳，这样到后面提问阶段就不会慌忙，自乱阵脚。
3、提问与回答辩论：
下方的答辩老师会一边听你介绍论文，一遍快速翻阅论文的文章内容。虽然他们翻阅的速度很快，但毒辣的眼光总能帮助他们找到很刁钻的问题，我们切不可掉以轻心。我们回答老师提出的问题时，不能夸夸其谈，紧跟问题主旨，必要的时候也不能不懂装懂，要讲究真才实学。
4、总结：
总结代表着毕业答辩即将结束，由同学进行全程的总结陈述，体会答辩中遇到的各种情况，总结收获，总结时要客观对待自己的成功与失败，保证谦虚；然后是老师给出成绩、指导意见，点评。
5、致谢：
致谢是毕业答辩的最后一个流程，感谢协助我们课题研究的导师，感谢予以实验帮助的所有人和参与答辩的老师团体。
例子如下：尊敬的答辩组的各位老师和同学：大家早上好。我是来自20XX级xxx的学生xx，我的论文指导老师是xxx老师。我的论文题目是《贵州酒文化旅游开发探析》。首先，我想谈谈我写这篇毕业论文的目的及意义。其实关于酒文化的旅游开发和设计虽然已经有很多人做了研究，其中关于贵州酒文化的旅游开发也有涉及，但是我依然选择了这个作为自己的论文题目，首先是基于自己的兴趣爱好；同时，也是基于了以下三个方面的考虑：现在随着国内旅游业发展的进一步深入，旅游模式逐步升级，开始由观光游时代向体验游时代转变，旅游类型也开始由大众旅游向专业化、多元化方向发展，专题旅游已经成为一种旅游发展的趋势。本文的酒文化旅游正是一种专题旅游。本文的写作目的也就是在专题化旅游开发的大背景下，为我省的旅游规划和发展提供一种声音，一个思路。我们知道，旅游的生命在于特色，有了特色旅游业的发展才能长远，酒文化旅游就是贵州旅游的一大特色。贵州作为茅台的故乡，不仅有悠久的酒文化历史，更有丰富的酒文化旅游资源。探讨贵州的酒文化旅游开发，不仅对贵州有着特别的意义，对国内酒文化的旅游开发也是一种典范带动。
论文答辩是一种比较正规的审查形式，有组织、有准备、有鉴定、有计划的。答辩会由校方、答辩委员会还有答辩者组成。我在此献上 毕业 答辩发言稿，希望大家喜欢。
毕业答辩发言稿一：
各位老师，上午好!
我叫赵晓琦，是土 木工 程__ 班的学生，我的论文题目为某某市八十八中学办公楼的设计。设计是在姚力老师的悉心指点下完成的，在那里我向我的老师表示深深的谢意，也向在坐各位老师不辞辛苦参加我的论文答辩表示衷心的感谢，并对上大学来我有机会聆听教诲的各位老师表示由衷的敬意。
下面我将本论文设计的目的和主要资料向各位老师作一汇报，恳请各位老师批评指导。
首先我想简单介绍本设计。
本工程为某某市八十八中学办公楼采用多层框架结构，主体结构为6层，内外装修均为一般装修，为永久性建筑。该楼总建筑面积为3981㎡，拟建位置另行给定，抗震设防烈度为8度。
其次我想谈谈这篇论文的结构和主要资料。
毕业答辩发言稿二：
各位领导、来宾，老师、同学们：
大家上午好!
为了进一步提高广大学生的创业意识，鼓励创新观念的成长，促进同学们就业观念由“择业”向“创业”转换，促进产、学、研一体化发展，培养能够适应市场经济发展需求的骨干人才，厦门大学团委一直致力于激发大学生创新创业的热情，以“挑战杯” 创业计划 竞赛为契机，为大学生创新创业提供广阔的平台。
“恒安杯”厦门大学第五届创业计划竞赛从去年5月启动至今，共吸引了1000多名本科生、硕士生和博士生参加，申报了65个项目。有30支团队从去年10月的初赛中脱颖而出。经过初赛、复赛和决赛三个阶段的培训和角逐，目前闯入决赛的9支队伍今天在此进行决赛。现在我简要向各位介绍一下本次竞赛的举办情况。
毕业论文答辩流程
1、 自我介绍 ：自我介绍作为答辩的发言稿，包括姓名、学号、专业。介绍时要举止大方、态度从容、面带微笑，礼貌得体的介绍自己，争取给答辩小组一个良好的印象。好的开端就意味着成功了一半。
2、答辩人陈述：收到成效的自我介绍只是这场答辩的开始，接下来的自我陈述才进入正轨。自述的主要内容包括论文标题;课题背景、选择此课题的原因及课题现阶段的发展情况;有关课题的具体内容，其中包括答辩人所持的观点看法、研究过程、实验数据、结果;答辩人在此课题中的研究模块、承担的具体工作、解决方案、研究结果。 文章 的创新部分;结论、价值和展望; 自我评价 。
3、提问与答辩：答辩教师的提问安排在答辩人自述之后，是答辩中相对灵活的环节，有问有答，是一个相互交流的过程。一般为3个问题，采用由浅入深的顺序提问，采取答辩人当场作答的方式。
4、 总结 ：上述程序一一完毕，代表答辩也即将结束。答辩人最后纵观答辩全过程，做总结陈述，包括两方面的总结：毕业设计和论文写作的体会;参加答辩的收获。答辩教师也会对答辩人的表现做出点评：成绩、不足、建议。
5、致谢：感谢在毕业设计论文方面给予帮助的人们并且要礼貌地感谢答辩教师。
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例子如下：尊敬的答辩组的各位老师和同学：大家早上好。我是来自20XX级xxx的学生xx，我的论文指导老师是xxx老师。我的论文题目是《贵州酒文化旅游开发探析》。首先，我想谈谈我写这篇毕业论文的目的及意义。其实关于酒文化的旅游开发和设计虽然已经有很多人做了研究，其中关于贵州酒文化的旅游开发也有涉及，但是我依然选择了这个作为自己的论文题目，首先是基于自己的兴趣爱好；同时，也是基于了以下三个方面的考虑：现在随着国内旅游业发展的进一步深入，旅游模式逐步升级，开始由观光游时代向体验游时代转变，旅游类型也开始由大众旅游向专业化、多元化方向发展，专题旅游已经成为一种旅游发展的趋势。本文的酒文化旅游正是一种专题旅游。本文的写作目的也就是在专题化旅游开发的大背景下，为我省的旅游规划和发展提供一种声音，一个思路。我们知道，旅游的生命在于特色，有了特色旅游业的发展才能长远，酒文化旅游就是贵州旅游的一大特色。贵州作为茅台的故乡，不仅有悠久的酒文化历史，更有丰富的酒文化旅游资源。探讨贵州的酒文化旅游开发，不仅对贵州有着特别的意义，对国内酒文化的旅游开发也是一种典范带动。
毕业论文书面答辩可以根据自己毕业论文所写的内容详细的介绍自己在答辩过程中应该怎么样去回答老师的问题
论文答辩稿示范如下：
各位老师，下午好！
我叫XXX，是XX级XX班的学生，我的论文题目是《网络时代个人数据与隐私保护的调查分析》。
论文是在XX导师的悉心指点下完成的，在这里我向我的导师表示深深的谢意，向各位老师不辞辛苦参加我的论文答辩表示衷心的感谢，并对三年来我有机会聆听教诲的各位老师表示由衷的敬意。下面我将本论文设计的目的和主要内容向各位老师作一汇报，恳请各位老师批评指导。
首先，我想谈谈这个毕业论文设计的目的及意义。
在计算机网路日益渗透人们日常生活和工作中的今天，人们自身的数据隐私能够得到有效保护已然成为了各方越来越关注的重点问题，对个人数据隐私的有效保护也是现今需要解决的重要课题。
本文主要结合当今社会在网络平台个人数据信息以及隐私保护的实际现状，剖析个人数据信息和隐私泄露的原因和途径，从个人数据信息及隐私保护的角度提出自己的看法和建议。
互联网技术的快速发展使人们可以在网络平台当中进行交流学习、娱乐和购物，网络已经成为了人们日常生活工作当中的重要组成。
但是，互联网的这种便利使人们处于一个自由开放和透明的空间当中，使人们的个人隐私遭到了一定的威胁，甚至对人们人身财产安全产生巨大的危害，对个人数据隐私的有效保护也是现今需要解决的重要问题。
在本文的研究当中，不仅能够梳理国内外在个人数据与隐私方面的研究理论和研究成果，还能够结合本文的相关研究健全和完善国内外的相关研究体系，为今后的研究提供一定的理论指导和经验支持。
其次，我想谈谈这篇论文主要内容。
通过明确在网络时代下对于个人数据及隐私的定义，研究当前社会网络环境下个人数据及隐私所面临的问题，探索和研究在当前网络时代中，如何提高人们保护个人数据和隐私的意识，合理解决网络中个人数据及隐私的泄露问题，以及如何保护个人数据及隐私的方法。
最后，我想谈谈这篇论文存在的不足
由于本人在个人数据与隐私保护方面的理论基础较为薄弱，对全文的把握和掌控可能存在一定的不足，对于个人数据与隐私的保护分析也缺乏全面性，不能很好的实现个人数据与隐私保护的完善分析。
另一方面，本文地从调查问卷的设计和实施和分析也存在一定的不足，实际的问卷分析可能会存在一些漏洞。而且，本文在对网络是到新的发展环境方面的把握也略显不足。
谢谢！
论文答辩那些事 答辩基本流程一、学生在答辩会举行前，将进过指导老师审定并签署过意见的毕业论文一式三份连同提纲、草稿等交给答辩委员会；二、答辩现场，由答辩老师介绍答辩规则；三、学生概述论文的题目，研究方法、研究内容、发现与结论等；四、答辩老师针对论文提问；五、学生回答完所有问题退场（如分组进行答辩，则待组里所有人答辩完成后清场休会），答辩委员会根据论文质量和答辩情况，商定是否通过，并统计成绩。（具体情况以学院安排为准）拿上必备材料论文纸质版、纸和笔听取答辩小组成员的提问，精神要高度集中，同时，可将提问的问题――记在本上，以免问题过多，回答时有遗漏部分。调整心态自信：坦然镇定，声音要大而准确，使在场的所有人都能听到。镇定：对提出的问题，要在短时间内迅速做出反应，以自信而流畅的语言，肯定的语气，不慌不忙地―一回答每个问题。谦虚：对提出的疑问，要审慎地回答，对有把握的疑问要回答或辩解、申明理由；对拿不准的问题，可不进行辩解，而实事求是地回答，态度要谦虚。熟悉论文要做到自信，需要对自己的论文从内容、范围、材料有充分的理解和多方面的准备，做到烂熟于心。从整体到局部都有了然于胸的感受，这样就能对提出的种种质疑，应付自如，即使不能对答如流，至少也能迎刃而解，问有所答。真正做到“艺高胆大”，有了真才实学，就不怕别人提出质询。针对论文答辩的目的和内容，学生在论文答辩前至少要做到以下几点：一、对自己所写论文的观点、关键问题、解决思路和创新点等要了然于胸。尽量用言简意赅的语言陈述出以上问题，这是你陈述论文时的必备技巧。这里也是答辩老师检验真伪最容易出题的范围。二、对论文中出现的基本概念、专业词汇、引用的文献要明白其涵义。这里往往是答辩老师检验真伪和探测你水平的一些地方。三、对自己论文中的相关的观点和理论要进行一定的涉猎，这是论文答辩得高分的技巧。大多数论文仅仅知道自己文章的单方面观点，对于其它观点要么知之甚少，要么一无所知，如果能对相关的理论进行了解，那么在答辩中基本上不会遇到答不上来的尴尬场面。做好PPT内容：每页不超过10行字或一幅图，只列要点，切忌放大段文字配色：文字清晰，简洁易看，字体颜色和背景要协调，切忌花哨繁复，用色过多。图表：不要忘记将与论文有关的一些图表类资料整理好。如经济类论文答辩时，可能会涉及许多统计表、统计图、测算表、明细表、演示图等。准备许多相关的图表，在答辩现场，供作讲解之辅助工具。想好“台词”做好发言提纲的准备。“工欲善其事，必先利其器”，不打无准备之仗，答辩者在答辩前可从以下角度去考虑准备答辩：一、自己为什么选择这个课题？二、研究这个课题的意义和目的是什么？三、全文的基本框架、基本结构是如何安排的？四、全文的各部分之间逻辑关系如何？五、在研究本课题的过程中，发现了那些不同见解？对这些不同的意见，自己是怎样逐步认识的？又是如何处理的？六、论文虽未论及，但与其较密切相关的问题还有哪些？七、还有哪些问题自己还没有搞清楚，在论文中论述得不够透彻？八、写作论文时立论的主要依据是什么？对以上问题应仔细想一想，必要时要用笔记整理出来，写成发言提纲，在答辩时用。这样才能做到有备无患，临阵不慌。假如在准备的时候已经准备了一个较完整的提纲，那么沿着回答问题的主线，再穿上一些玉珠（举例子）就可以做到中心明确，条理清楚，有理有例了。学生首先要介绍一下论文的概要，这就是所谓“自述报告”，须强调一点的是“自述”而不是“自读”。这里重要的技巧是必须注意不能照本宣读，把报告变成了“读书”。“照本宣读”是第一大忌。这一部分的内容可包括写作动机、缘由、研究方向、选题比较、研究范围、围绕这一论题的最新研究成果、自己在论文中的新见解、新的理解或新的突破。做到概括简要，言简意赅。不能占用过多时间，一般以十分钟为限。所谓“削繁去冗留清被，画到无时是熟时”，就是说，尽量做到词约旨丰，一语中的。要突出重点，把自己的最大收获、最深体会、最精华与最富特色的部分表述出来。这里要注意：一忌主题不明；二忌内容空泛，东拉西扯；三忌平平淡淡，没有重点。开头要简洁，单刀直入，是最好的开头，开门见山地表述观点，在答辩中是最好的办法。主体部份的表述可条分缕析，即把所要回答的内容逐条归纳分析，实际上是对自己掌握的材料由此及彼，由表及里地做整理。这样的表述就不会流于表面，而能深入本质。条分缕析可以把自己掌握的一些实际例子合并，整理成若干条目，列成几个小标题，分成几点，一点一点、一条一条地说出。满碗的饭必须一口一口吃，满肚子的道理也必须一条一条讲出来，环环相扣，条条相连，令人听完后有清楚的印象。常见问题让学生进行论文答辩的目的绝对不是故意刁难学生，以显示老师水平多高。论文答辩的目的只有一个，检查学生对所写论文题目的掌握程度和理解程度。参加论文答辩的老师提出的问题一般不会少于三个，但所提出的问题全部是论文所涉及的学术范围之内的问题，一般不会、也不能提出与论文内容毫无关系的问题，这是答辩老师拟题的大范围。在这个大范围内，主答辩老师一般是从检验真伪、探测能力和弥补不足这三个方面提出问题。一、检验真伪题，就是围绕毕业论文的真实性拟题提问。二、探测水平题，这是指与毕业论文主要内容相关的，探测学生水平高低、基础知识是否扎实，以及掌握知识的广度深度如何等方面来提出问题的题目，主要是论文中涉及到的基本概念，基本理论以及运用基本原理等方面的问题。三、弥补不足题，这是指围绕毕业论文中存在的薄弱环节，如对论文中论述不清楚、不详细、不周全、不确切以及相互矛盾之处拟题提问，请作者在答辩中补充阐述或提出解释。练习控制时间一般答辩现场都对学生陈述时间有限制，正式答辩前多做几次计时演练，学会控制时间，不然讲到一半就时间到了，太太太太太尴尬了！注意演讲技巧注意语速：心情尽量放松，语速不要太快。放松的心情可以使得思维活跃，不会出现语言重复、答非所问等现象。适当的语速，有利于你的表达被听众清晰得接受；目光移动：无论是否脱稿，都应注意目光互动，这样可以避免观众分神；体态辅助：答辩过程中切忌“木头人”或者弯腰驼背，适当运用手势语言，会显得更自信有力。
问题一：通过论文答辩用英语怎么说 通过论文答辩 Through the thesis reply 通过论文答辩 Through the thesis reply 问题二：国内毕业答辩的“答辩”，英文怎么表达 动词用 defend，名词用 defence。 问题三：“如顺利通过论文答辩”用英文怎么说？ 如顺利通过论文答辩 If the oral defense goes *** ooth, If I can pass the oral defense successfully, 问题四：博士学位答辩或论文答辩英语怎么说？ plea to Doctor's degree 或者 oral defense of Doctor's degree oral defense of thesis 问题五：“论文答辩”，“答辩论文”英语怎么说？ the oral defense for a thes贰s the defensed thesis 问题六：论文答辩用英文怎么说啊 (Ph D) oral defence viva (voce) (口语) 问题七：副教授答辩 用英文怎么说 Associate Professor Associate professor of Defense Associate professor of the respondent 问题八：“论文答辩”英语怎么说？ 5分 oral defense 或者说thesis defense 问题九：答辩的英文表示请问“答辩”的英文是什么 答辩= Reply. 1) Reply in court = 在法庭答辩...
英语毕业论文答辩（通用6篇）
英语的论文答辩要点是格式最好少些瑕疵，提前将abstract和conclusion背一背。有利于答辩的顺利进行。下面是我为大家整理的.关于英语毕业论文的答辩。欢迎大家阅读。
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of On Transformation of parts of speech as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.
The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.
So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.
Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ：
I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am xxx and my supervisor is her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !
Good morning, appraises committee members and schoolmates. I come from class 08951, and I am Yu Lianfei.
Today, the title of my paper is On the Network Novels. In recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. Network novel is one of the fast of them. In the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels' addicts. For the above facts,I select the subject of “on the network novels” as the title of my paper. Then, I will show it to you. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into four parts, as the concept of network novels, the classification of their authors, the development of network novels and the prospects of that.
The first part, the definition. Its concept can be divided into the generalized and the narrow. And it can also be divided into boys’ and girls’ in another way.
The second part, the classification of their authors. Generally speaking, there are four kinds of authors. The first kind is some people who have favor of literature, they are writing but not for fame. Then, there is some one has favor for literature and also be for fame. The third kind is some people who have explicit goals at the beginning of his writing. And the last kind are some people who just want to express their view, their viewpoint and their feeling with no desire of being published. They take up the most of the authors.
The third part, the development. The network novels’ development can not separate form the development of the net and the literature websites. Its developing process may be divided into three stages approximately. The first stage is from 1996 to 2000. This time's literary work often did not strive for (were also not aware of) the fame and fortune, and moreover received the control of tradition. The second stage is beginning of 21st century, mainly contains 2001 and 2002. In this period, the whole network presented the situation of “chaos”. The third stage is from May, 2003 and continues until now. In this period, many schools come into the world, and when a school became a hit there must be many people mimic it.
The last part, the forecast. Looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. If each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person’s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.
Not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.
Teachers, good afternoon! My name is Chen Jing, the students of class xxx, my thesis topic is《 the power of the giver and the victim, foucault power interpretation theory perspective, the heroine in “the golden notebook, Anna》，thesis is completed under Wang Zhiqin teacher of meticulous guidance, here, I express my deep appreciation to my supervisor, to the teachers to take part in my thesis express our heartfelt thanks to you for, and for the past three years I have a chance to listen to the teachings, teachers say heartfelt I will this paper design the research background, significance and main content of the teacher made a report, please the teacher criticism guidance.
First of all, I want to talk about the research background and significance of the graduation thesis design.
Since the Golden Notebook involves comprehensive themes such as colonialism,feminism,racism,communism etc. and due to its severely fragmented writing forms,it has intrigued groups of both domestic and overseas critics. The research abroad could be roughly divided into three stages. The first comes about the biography of the author”],the general introduction and reading background of this novel,then a number of explorations over the themes of this book have been conducted, from the most popular one feminism,psychological featuresto the philosophical elements. Finally, critics shifted their concentration to the unique form or style applied by Lessing,for instance they analyzed the varied narrative techniques employed within ,the aesthetic value it displayed ,as well as its artistic nature generated by its messy it is worth mentioning that in 2006 Tapan has composed a specific collection of reviews on the Golden the study over this novel in foreign country has been quite fruitful and mature, the research in China is far lagging behind, most of them just emphasized the novel's multiplethemes such as feminism,eco-economic,psychology and modemism Thus more angels should be discovered by scholars at home, such as colonialism, religious and psychological exploration, and their research method should be more diversified,for instance,the potential inter-disciplinary study of this novel are waiting to be excavated, and seldomhave critics compared this masterpiece with other similar text.
Based on Foucault's power theory, this thesis is going to explore how the female protagonist Anna in Doris Lessing's the Golden Notebook, the producer and victim of power,fought against her catastrophic life. Through a close reading of the text, this thesis aims at making a Foucanldian interpretation on Lessing's motivation behind portraying such a schizophrenic female personality, convincing the reader that power permeates every capillary of the society mainly by exerting influence on power relations between individual. Sinceeverything concerns with the functioning of power, be it tragedy or comedy, Anna's destiny cannot be an exception, instead of restraining from the one-way suppress from men,Foucault's power theory enables us to put the heroine into a larger, more diverse cultural or social background where individual's identity could be perceived with much more plurality or heterogeneity. Ultimately, given Anna's gender attributes, the application of Foucault's power theory to the analysis of heroine can shed light on how women could wittedly deal with their counterpart, strike a balance between freedom and restriction, and thus heading feminism into a more reasonable and rational direction.
Secondly, I want to talk about the structure and main contents of this paper.
The author is going to divide this thesis into five chapters. The first chapter is a briefing about the research background of the Golden Notebook, which provides an overview on the fragmented content and complicated structure of this masterpiece. The second chapter is an introduction of the research status of this novel at home and abroad, at the same time,Foucault's power theory will be elaborated here as the theoretical framework. Chapter three concentrates on the text analysis of the female protagonist Anna's pursuit of the free woman identity, which will be conducted mainly from three perspectives, namely her political faith,marriage and love, as well we psychological status. Through asserting Foucault's power theory into the text analysis, we could get a clear view on how the heroine became the victim of the omnipresent power in contemporary social organizations, and also how individual resisted power via making explorations on the genealogy of the self. Chapter four gives two different interpretations of Anna's destiny, with each representing the common feminists'view and Foucault's version respectively. Via such comparison, the author attempts to find a correlation between Foucault's power theory and feminism, to tell in what ways Foucault'spower theory have modified parts of problems in current feminism, and how the formal convergent with the latter. The last chapter serves as a concluding part in which a summary of this thesis will be reached, and limitations as well as further implications will be point out.
Finally, I want to talk about the deficiency existing in this paper.
The limitations of this thesis cannot be regarded as the challenge to the relevance of Foucaxxlt's theory to feminism; on the contrary, it tells that the value of applying Foucault'spower theory lies precisely in his invitation to feminists to remain highly critical about their previous prejudices as well as their future trends. In order to make full use of Foucault's power theory in modifying feminism, we have to dig out more convergences they share with each other. With the idea that knowledge and truth are partial ones serving as a start,Genealogy is then an excellent perspective for farther explorations on the Foucauldian and feminist projects.
Thank you very much!
Good morning， Distinguished professors and teachers， ladies and gentlemen， thank you for attending the oral defense. I am XX. First and foremost， I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor， professorXX， for his intellectual guidance， invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis. My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative， evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society.
And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part， the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society.
Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part， and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part. Thank you!
英语毕业论文答辩稿范文（精选8篇）
一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束，我们毕业前都要通过最后的`毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式，快来参考毕业论文是怎么写的吧！下面是我帮大家整理的英语毕业论文答辩稿范文，希望对大家有所帮助。
Good morning, all appraises committee members. I am XXX and my supervisor is XXX.
With his constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.
Now it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is Comparative Study between English and Chinese idioms.
With the developing globalization, communication demand precise language.
Idioms are not a separate part of the language, we cannot omit. Studying the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms would be helpful to cross-cultural understanding and it’s also a good advance to our future if we can learn well.
For the above facts, I select the subject of “comparative study between English and Chinese idioms” as the title of my paper.
In the main part of this paper, I divide it four parts.
Part one presents general introduction to the basic concept and the studying purpose.
Part two presents overview of the Chinese and English idioms; it concludes similar origins and similar functions. Part three emphasize differences between English and Chinese idioms.
Through contrast analysis of well-known Chinese and English language, found the differences cultural discrepancy and the translation of animal words. Part four draws some conclusions that characteristics of English and Chinese idioms. And it is helpful to cross-culture .It’s necessary for a better understanding of international promotional communication. OK, that’s all. Thank you.
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense.
I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. I’m Zhang Da and my supervisor is Professor Zhang Jingcai. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. First of all, I really want to be a teacher, so during the four years, I have read many books about how to become a good teacher. Secondly, when I was a freshman in the summer of 2008, I was chosen as a teaching assistant of the summer camp which was organized by the New Oriental English School in Shijiazhuang. In the summer camp, I rewrote a script of an English drama to be one of the programs of the open ceremony. It was very popular among those students. They thought it was very interesting. In 2010, I was practiced as an English teacher at Chenguantun Middle School in Qinhuangdao, I found that the students have little interest towards English learning, so I hoped I could help them. So I use the Drama Method as my teaching method. Almost all of the students were highly motivated by the interesting teaching method and they have made great progress in the exam one month later. So the research proved that the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. For the above facts, I select the subject of On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this topic we can find an effective teaching method to help all the students’ English learning in junior high school.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to identify the major problem of junior high school students’ English learning problems
Part two overviews all relevant researches in drama application in teaching oral English.
Part three is the research design, the research hypothesis, the subjects of the research, the research methods and the research procedures are conducted.
Part four is the findings from research data. After analyzing the data with Excel 2007, pedagogical findings and implications are delivered before the conclusion of the thesis.
Part five draws some conclusions about the research. As what has been shown in the research, there are a lot of benefits from drama performance; the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. In addition, there are some suggestions for forthcoming researches.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style
in from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!
I will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!
Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m *** and come from class *. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.
Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.
Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.
Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.
For the above facts, I select this title.
Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.
The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.
The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.
The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.
The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.
The last part is the conclusion.
I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.
When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.
That’s all. Thank you.
关于毕业论文提纲如何写
导语：毕业论文提纲如何写呢?毕业论文提纲分为简单提纲和详细提纲。下面是我分享的毕业论文提纲如何写，欢迎阅读!
毕业论文提纲是学生在正式开始写作论文之前提交给论文指导教师的一份关于论题观点的来源，论文基本观点，论文基本结构的报告。具体要求如下：
1、提纲包括这样几个部分:论题观点来源，论文基本观点，论文结构。
2、在论题观点来源这一部分，学生需要说清楚自己论文的观点是如何得到的。论题观点来源一般有以下两种:①阅读某些著作(包括教科书)、文章的时候有感而得;②与老师讨论的时候得到的灵感。前者要写清楚著作的名称，作者，出版时间，以及著作的哪些方面给了自己什么样的感受。后者写清楚老师的指导给了自己什么样的启示。
3、在论文的基本观点部分，要求学生写清楚整个论文的基本观点都有哪些，这些观点必须逻辑清楚，合理。
4、在论文结构部分，学生结合自己的基本观点写清楚整个论文的结构。这是学生向指导教师说明自己如何论证观点的一个部分。例如学生要写清楚正篇文章包含那几个部分，第一部分写什么，其中包括几个小部分，每个小部分写什么等，以此类推。
5、提纲没有字数的要求，但是学生必须保证有2，3，4这三个部分的内容。文字方面要求语言流畅，思路清晰，说清楚自己的观点。
论文提纲是学生写作论文的开端，提纲是否成功通过指导教师的审查决定了学生能否进入论文的实际写作阶段，所以要求学生认真对待并且按时提交。
提纲撰写范例一(列写简单提纲)
以《关于培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的思考》为例，简单提纲可以写成下面这样：
一、绪论
二、本论
(一)培育建筑劳动力市场的前提条件
(二)2012年建筑劳动力市场的基本现状
(三)培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的对策
三、结论
提纲撰写范例二(列详细提纲)
详细提纲是把论文的主要论点和展开部分较为详细地列出来。如果在写作之前准备了详细提纲，那么，执笔时就能更顺利。下面仍以《关于培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的思考》为例，介绍详细提纲的写法：
一、绪论
1.提出中心论题;
2.说明写作意图。
二、本论
(一)培育建筑劳动力市场的前提条件
1.市场经济体制的确立，为建筑劳动力市场的产生创造了宏观环境;
2.建筑产品市场的形成，对建筑劳动力市场的培育提出了现实的要求;
3.城乡体制改革的深化，为建筑劳动力市场的形成提供了可靠的保证;
4.建筑劳动力市场的建立，是建筑行业用工特殊性的内在要求。
(二)具体市场分类
1.供大于求的买方市场;
2.有市无场的隐形市场;
3.易进难出的畸形市场;
4.交易无序的自发市场。
(三)培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的对策
1.统一思想认识，变自发交易为自觉调控;
2.加快建章立制，变无序交易为规范交易;
3.健全市场网络，变隐形交易为有形交易;
4.调整经营结构，变个别流动为队伍流动;
5.深化用工改革，变单向流动为双向流动。
三、结论
1.概述当前的建筑劳动力市场形势和我们的任务;
2.呼应开头的序言。
提纲的选择要根据作者的需要。如果考虑周到，调查详细，用简单提纲问题不是很大;但如果考虑粗疏，调查不周，则必须用详细提纲，否则，很难写出合格的论文。总之，在动手撰写论文之前拟好提纲，写起来就会方便得多。
市场营销专业论文提纲范文
一、论文题目
浅析创新营销之博客营销
随着网络的发达，更多的新事物源源不断地涌现出来。网络和电子商务的出现彻底改变了原有的市场营销理论和实务存在的基础。基础变了，环境变了，市场变了，随之而来的营销和管理模式也将发生根本的改变。透过写博客的形式，介绍销售人自己和销售产品，达到交商友和产品销售的人也逐日增多。由此产生了新的创新营销--博客营销。
三、基本观点：
1、什么是博客营销，博客营销不等于营销博客
2、博客营销的现状及发展
3、博客营销的基本特征
4、理解博客营销带给企业的机遇与挑战
5、博客营销对网络营销的挑战及对策(存在的不足)
四、论文结构：
(一)引言
介绍博客营销的现状、特征、发展前景并提出问题。
对博客营销进行浅析，解决问题。
1、什么是博客营销，博客营销不等同于营销博客
(1) 什么是博客营销
(2) 理解博客营销不等同于营销博客
2、博客营销的现状及发展
(1) 博客营销的现状
(2) 博客营销的`发展前景
3. 博客营销的基本特征
(1) 博客营销以博客的个人和观点为基础
(2) 企业的博客营销思想有必要与企业网站内部策略相结合
(3) 合适的博客环境是博客营销良性发展的必要条件
(4) 博客营销应正确处理个人观点与企业立场的关系问题
4、理解博客营销带给企业的机遇与挑战
5、博客营销对网络营销的挑战及对策(存在的不足)
(三)结论：博客营销是创新营销下的新模式，它是网络时代下创新营销的产物。
参考文献：
1.《把企业搬到博客上》 常青编 清华大学出版社
2.《博客营销》 美.莱特 中国财经出版社
3.《网络营销学》 美.艾露斯.库佩 上海人民出版社
工程管理提纲范文
高速公路机电工程管理问题及解决措施
【摘要】随着经济建设的不断发展，对高速公路的质量要求也越来越高，而高速公路机电系统的管理是否落实到位是影响高速公路质量的重要因素，加强对高速公路机电系统的管理是一项十分重要的工作。论文对高速公路机电系统管理存在的问题进行总结，提出相应的解决策略，以便给相关工程人员提供借鉴。
1引言
2我国高速公路机电工程管理存在的意义
机电工程管理有助于提高高速公路的安全性
高速公路机电工程管理有助于提高运输的安全性
3当前高速公路机电工程管理中的问题
管理人员的技术水平存在严重失衡
高速公路机电设备的差异性较大
缺乏正规的管理制度，难以确保管理的有效性
4高速公路机电工程管理的策略
制定正规的管理制度，实施统一的管理标准
健全高速公路机电工程管理模式
提升高速公路机电工程管理人员的素质
5结语
【参考文献】
[1]陈晓玲.对高速公路机电工程施工管理的阶段性探讨[J].科技创业月刊，2011(12):149-150.
[2]夏丹.高速公路机电工程运行管理和维护[J].科技传播，2015(24):139+171.
[3]郭云，魏秋霜，常森，等.高速公路机电工程维护管理系统研究与设计[J].公路交通科技(应用技术版)，2013(11):392-394.
[4]陈坚荣.高速公路机电工程项目招标程序管理的分析和研究[J].科技传播，2013(8):37+42.
[5]梁克胜.论山西省高速公路机电工程施工管理与施工要点[J].科技风，2013(5):138-139.
[6]祁麟童.对高速公路机电工程管理问题的探讨[J].黑龙江科技信息，2013(24)224.
根据学术堂的了解，毕业论文提纲是学生在正式开始写作论文之前提交给论文指导教师的一份关于论题观点的来源，论文基本观点，论文基本结构的报告。具体要求如下：1、提纲包括这样几个部分:论题观点来源，论文基本观点，论文结构。2、在论题观点来源这一部分，学生需要说清楚自己论文的观点是如何得到的。论题观点来源一般有以下两种:①阅读某些著作(包括教科书)、文章的时候有感而得;②与老师讨论的时候得到的灵感。前者要写清楚著作的名称，作者，出版时间，以及著作的哪些方面给了自己什么样的感受。后者写清楚老师的指导给了自己什么样的启示。3、在论文的基本观点部分，要求学生写清楚整个论文的基本观点都有哪些，这些观点必须逻辑清楚，合理。4、在论文结构部分，学生结合自己的基本观点写清楚整个论文的结构。这是学生向指导教师说明自己如何论证观点的一个部分。例如学生要写清楚正篇文章包含那几个部分，第一部分写什么，其中包括几个小部分，每个小部分写什么等，以此类推。5、提纲没有字数的要求，但是学生必须保证有2，3，4这三个部分的内容。文字方面要求语言流畅，思路清晰，说清楚自己的观点。论文提纲是学生写作论文的开端，提纲是否成功通过指导教师的审查决定了学生能否进入论文的实际写作阶段，所以要求学生认真对待并且按时提交。
毕业设计论文提纲怎么写
导语：不合乎要求的的毕业论文是没有说服力的。为了有说服力，必须有虚有实，有论点有例证，理论和实际相结合，论证过程有严密的逻辑性，拟提纲时特别要注意这一点，检查这一点。下面是我精心整理的毕业设计论文提纲怎么写，希望对你有帮助!
下面再简单阐述一下编写毕业论文提纲的方法：
1.先拟标题;
2.写出总论点;
3.考虑全篇总的安排：从几个方面，以什么顺序来论述总论点，这是论文结构的骨架;
4.大的项目安排妥当之后，再逐个考虑每个项目的下位论点，直到段一级，写出段的论点句(即段旨);
5.依次考虑各个段的安排，把准备使用的材料按顺序编码，以便写作时使用;
6.全面检查，作必要的增删。
在编写毕业论文提纲时还要注意：
第一，编写毕业论文提纲有两种方法：一是标题式写法。即用简要的文字写成标题，把这部分的内容概括出来。这种写法简明扼要，一目了然，但只有作者自己明白。毕业论文提纲一般不能采用这种方法编写.二是句子式写法。即以一个能表达完整意思的句子形式把该部分内容概括出来。这种写法具体而明确，别人看了也能明了，但费时费力。毕业论文的提纲编写要交与指导教师阅读，所以，要求采用这种编写方法。
第二，提纲写好后，还有一项很重要的工作不可疏忽，这就是提纲的推敲和修改，这种推敲和修改要把握如下几点。一是推敲题目是否恰当，是否合适;二是推敲提纲的结构。先围绕所要阐述的中心论点或者说明的主要议题，检查划分的部分、层次和段落是否可以充分说明问题，是否合乎道理;各层次、段落之间的联系是否紧密，过渡是否自然。然后再进行客观总体布局的检查，再对每一层次中的论述秩序进行“微调”。
第三，毕业论文写作一般要求提纲拟到以下层次
总论点 { { { 1.(称段旨)
(一)(称下位论点) 2.
一、(称上位论点) ......
(二)
......
二、
......
(四)毕业论文的基本结构由序论、本论、结论三大部分组成。序论、结论这两部分在提纲中部应比较简略。本论则是全文的重点，是应集中笔墨写深写透的部分，因此在提纲上也要列得较为详细。本论部分至少要有两层标准，层层深入，层层推理，以便体现总论点和分论点的有机结合，把论点讲深讲透。
毕业论文提纲怎么写
毕业论文提纲是学生在正式开始写作论文之前提交给论文指导教师的一份关于论题观点的来源，论文基本观点，论文基本结构的报告。具体要求如下：
1、提纲包括这样几个部分：论题观点来源，论文基本观点，论文结构。
2、在论题观点来源这一部分，学生需要说清楚自己论文的观点是如何得到的。论题观点来源一般有以下两种：阅读某些著作（包括教科书），文章的时候有感而得；与老师讨论的时候得到的灵感。前者要写清楚著作的名称，作者，出版时间，以及著作的哪些方面给了自己什么样的感受。后者写清楚老师的指导给了自己什么样的启示。
3、在论文的基本观点部分，要求学生写清楚整个论文的基本观点都有哪些，这些观点必须逻辑清楚，合理。
4、在论文结构部分，学生结合自己的基本观点写清楚整个论文的结构。这是学生向指导教师说明自己如何论证观点的一个部分。例如学生要写清楚正篇文章包含那几个部分，第一部分写什么，其中包括几个小部分，每个小部分写什么等，以此类推。
5、提纲没有字数的要求，但是学生必须保证有2，3，4这三个部分的内容。文字方面要求语言流畅，思路清晰，说清楚自己的观点。
论文提纲是学生写作论文的开端，提纲是否成功通过指导教师的审查决定了学生能否进入论文的实际写作阶段，所以要求学生认真对待并且按时提交。
毕业设计论文范文
摘要： 经济发展是决定会计变迁的重要因素，而会计的出现与发展同样影响着经济的增长变化。经济与会计的这种相互影响的关系被称作是会计的经济效应。本文讲述经济发展对会计变迁的决定作用及会计对经济发展的多重影响，为使会计更好的发挥自身的经济效应，探究会计改革方向。
关键词： 会计变迁；经济效应；会计改革
会计为适应经济发展的需要应运而生，随着经济的不断发展，会计的作用也越来越重要。伴随生产社会化程度的不断提高，会计的地位越高。所以，会计的产生与发展对社会经济发展起到一定的积极作用。
一、经济发展直接影响会计变迁
社会经济的发展直接影响会计的变迁。经济的发展是细化分工并转化协同的过程，社会生产力在此过程中得以提高。同时随着经济的发展，经济运行模式出现不断的转型，这种转型的过程对社会分工的细化起到一定的辅助作用。将经济发展过程分为不同阶段进行详细分析，说明经济发展对会计变迁的决定作用。
1.自给自足经济阶段。自给自足的经济发展阶段，社会中不存在分工现象，生产者与消费者是一体的。没有分工就不存在交换，也就不存在市场。生产者生产的目的在于自身生活的自给自足，所以此阶段的经济处于封闭状态。在自给自足的消费情况下，生产者也是消费者，为记录生产产品的生产消费及存储情况，会计便被经济所需要。由于分工与交换尚未出现，所以会计在此经济阶段的作用并不明显，仅仅记录所生产出产品的各种变动情况。
2.物物交换经济阶段。由于生产者所生产的产品并不能全部为自身所用，也不能满足自身的所有需求。所以，生产者以自身生产的产品作为媒介与其他生产者进行交换，从而满足自身的需求，这就是传统的物物交换。物物交换的经济阶段出现了简单的社会分工并产生了小型的市场经济。在相对较小的市场中进行物物交换，在这种经济阶段，会计不仅要记录生产者生产产品的变动情况，同时也应记录被交换产品的变动情况。物物交换是市场产生的标志，也是会计变迁的重要特征。
3.简单商品交换。简单商品交换阶段的经济发展时期出现了货币，生产者可以通过货币进行自己所需产品的交换。在这种社会经济阶段出现了简单的社会分工，交换的出现使市场规模扩大，货币的交换出现了等价的价格交换，这对于会计的要求也逐渐提高。
4.发达商品交换。发达的商品交换时代生产者生产的目的已不仅仅是为满足自身的需求，而是为了获取一定的经济利益。所以，商品交换的深度不断拓展，分工不断细化，伴随市场规模的扩大，市场协同难度加大，此时会计的作用逐渐展现出来。
社会历史的变迁与发展决定会计的不断变迁。而随着社会经济模式的不断转型及社会分工的不断细化，会计理论、目标及内容信息等形式也做出了相应的转变。所以，社会经济的发展必然影响会计的变迁。
二、会计的经济效应
1.会计的政策工具效应。会计的政策工具效应对于经济活动的调节具有一定的作用。国家对社会经济的宏观影响主要表现在财政政策和货币政策两方面，而会计政策是财政政策中的重要组成部分。会计的政策工具效应主要是通过会计确认与计量调整成本与收入。为适应经济周期，会计政策工具可以进行适当的调整，但企业应进行详细的说明。
2.会计的资源配置效应。市场经济中，资源的配置主要通过市场进行。资本市场的资本在不同企业间流动，实现资源配置。资本的流动是资源有效配置的过程，会计信息是企业财务状况及经营成果的.反映，所以会计信息可以影响企业的资本流向，也就是说会计本身存在资源配置的功能。
3.会计的交易费用效应。在经济社会的交易过程中包括商品市场交易和金融市场交易及其他要素的市场交易，其中所有的交易信息是由会计信息所提供，而所提供的信息占据重要地位。
4.会计的分工效应。社会分工存在于生产领域，同时存在于不同的生产主体之间。不同生产主体的分工提高了其专业的技能及专业的管理效率。企业的所有者与经营者分离，实现了专业化与专家化。这种两权分离现象的产生促进了社会生产力的进步，但企业的经营情况仍以会计信息所提供的报表为依据。
三、完善会计体系，提升经济效应
1.强化会计语言通用性。会计语言属于通用的商业语言，所以应确保会计语言在国内的统一性，也要保证国际会计语言的趋同性。会计语言通用性的实现，对于不同国家、不同地区间的企业财务状况及经营成果的比较具有一定的积极作用。通过多次的比较与对比才能发现企业间的差异，以保证决策者的正确决策。
2.保证会计信息真实性。企业的会计信息反映的是企业客观的经济事项，所以会计信息的真实性是确保会计确认和计量的重要条件。为保证会计信息的真实性，各国采取将企业会计信息公开的方式，对于虚假信息进行严厉处罚。
3.提高会计信息可理解性。会计信息作为一种商业语言，应被所使用者充分理解。只有充分的理解会计信息才能发挥会计的经济效应，可以通过促进会计语言的通用性及加强会计教育两种途径进行。
4.加强会计信息的公开程度。会计信息公开程度越高，会计的资源配置效应就越大；使用的主体越多，会计的交易费用就越低。所以，实际情况表明，加强会计信息的公开程度对社会经济的发展及会计的经济效应具有一定的促进作用。近年来，上市公司数量不断增加，所以会计信息的公开是一种必然趋势。
5.根据用途的不同制定会计制度。会计信息对于不同用户有不同的需求，所以会计信息具有一定的差异性。相应的会计制度对于企业来说能够实现企业的合理资源配置，有利于企业规避经济风险，并且能够帮助企业决策者做出正确的决策。所以，针对不同的企业应制定符合企业经济发展模式的会计制度，从而推动企业经营的健康发展。
四、结束语
会计的变迁由社会经济发展所决定，会计的经济效应对经济的发展也具有一定的反作用。本文通过对会计变迁及其对社会经济发展的影响进行了详细的分析，并通过具体的措施有效的完善了会计的经济效应。通过对会计经济效应的全面分析与了解，为企业进一步的经营方向提供了有效的信息。
参考文献：
[1]谢志华.论会计的经济效应[J].会计研究,2014(6).
[2]曾富全.中国会计准则变迁与会计理念变化[J].会计之友,2013(24).
[3]张丽达,赵益闽.供应链金融的业务模式整合研究――基于会计处理及经济效应的相关分析[J].生产力研究,2013(3).
[4]李英.国家治理现代化与会计变革[J].会计研究,2014(6).
[5]周守华,刘国强.会计越发展,社会越进步――充分发挥会计在经济社会发展中的作用[J].会计研究,2014(1).
毕业论文的格式与写法技巧
一、标题和正文格式
一般论文是分一级标题、二级标题、三级标题的。一级标题也是章名称，比如说“第一章绪论”，一级标题用三号黑体加粗并居中，上下各空一行。二级标题比如说“课题研究背景及意义”，二级标题用小三黑体靠左(不加粗)，上下各空一行。三级标题比如说“课题研究背景”，三级标题用四号黑体靠左(不加粗并且上下不空行)。另外换章时必须换页，正文为小四宋体，行距为固定值20磅。参考文献内容为五号宋体。图和表标题和内容用五号宋体，并且表格要用三线表，下面会介绍到怎么制作三线表。
二、页眉
这个本科生和研究生就有点区别。研究生的话页眉分奇偶页。比如说在“第一章绪论”中，奇数页就写“第一章绪论”，偶数页就写“某某大学硕士学位论文”。本科生的话不分奇偶页，一律在正文部分写上“某某大学学士学位论文”。页眉用的字体是五号宋体并居中。
下页我详细讲一下研究生论文怎么在奇偶页写上不同内容。比如说在“第一章绪论”中，首先在“第一章绪论”所在的前一页的最后一行，点击“插入”——“分隔符”，在“分节符类型”这一项中选择“下一页”。然后点击“视图”——“页眉和页脚”，在弹出的那个工具条中找到“页面设置”这一标记，在“版式”选项卡上把“奇偶页不同”这一项勾选上，然后就可以分别在奇数页和偶数页输入不同的文字了。本科生的更简单，本科生的话就不用把“奇偶页不同”这一项勾选上。
研究生论文的话要记得在第一章都要设定分隔符，还要特别注意的是一定要让“链接到前一节”这一标记处于非选中状态，否则的话无法实现不同的章中写上不同的内容，因为“链接到前一节”处于选中状态的话，就代表着你输入新的页眉，前面的页眉也会跟着变成一样的页眉。
三、页码
这个要分摘要和目录和正文部分。摘要和目录用的是i、ii等，而正文部分用的是1、2等。设置好页眉后，比如说“第一章绪论”已经设置好页眉了，在“第一章绪论”所在的第一页点击“插入”——“页码”，在对齐方式中，选择“居中”，把“首页显示页码”勾选上，点击“格式”，在“数字格式”中选择“1，2，3……”，在“页码编排”选项中选中“起始页码”单选框，并输入页码为1。而在第二章、第三章等章节中就在“页码编排”选项中选中“续前节”单选框就可以了。页码的字号的话使用word默认的就可以了。
在论文封面、任务书和毕业论文评语中无须设定页码。
四、目录的制作
目录的制作很简单的，首先单击“工具”——“自定义”，在“工具栏”选项卡中，把“大纲”选中，点击“关闭”。然后在弹出的那行“工具栏”中，把一级标题设定为“1级”，把“二级标题”设定为“2级”，把“三级标题”设定为“3级”。把非标题设定为“正文文本”(这是默认的，基本上不用设定，除非你在写论文的过程中不小心把某些正文文本设定为“n级”了。把标题都设定好后，就可以单击“插入”——“引用”——“索引与目录”，点击“目录”选项卡，再点击“确定”。之后把弹出来的目录内容选中(不要把“目录”两字选中，因为“目录”两字是设定为三号粗黑体居中并且上下各空一行的)，首先设定为“宋体”，再设定为“times new roman”，把字号设定为“小四” 。 再把“目录”这两个字和目录内容选中，右键单击“段落”，在“行距”中把行距设定为固定值20磅。
五、参考文献的写法
参考文献的话，就是首先写上[*]，*号代表的是数字序号，比如说[1]、[2]。因为在我的论文只用到三种：期刊、学位论文、书籍。所以我下面所说的也是这三种。
比如：
[1]冷雪峰.用authorware和flash制作多媒体课件[j].中国现代教育装备,XX,(9):27-44
[2]佟施,乐文行.多媒体技术[m].北京:人民交通出版社,XX:3-6
[3]倪英.数字电子技术基础多媒体cai课件设计及制作[d].燕山大学硕士学位论文.XX:3
[j]是代表期刊，[m]是代表书籍，[d]是代表学位论文。需要注意的是，中文文献用的标点符号是宋体全角，句号的话就要改成圆点。而英文的话，就换成timesnewroman字体下的半角标点符号。
六、标点符号
中文标点符号用宋体全角，英文和数字用times new roman并且用半角。还是解释一下全角和半角怎么区分好啦，半角是一个“月亮”，全角是一个“太阳”，在字体工具条中可以看到的。
无论是中文摘要还是英文摘要，它们的关键词都是用“;”号分开。
七、页面设置
左右，上下。装订线在左边。
八、三线表的制作
毕业论文的表格都是用三线表，设置也很简单。选中整个表格，点击鼠标右键，弹出右键菜单，选择“表格自动套用格式”，点击“新建”，在名称处输入“三线表”，在“样式基于”选择“普通表格”，在“格式应用于”选择“整个表格”，选择“一又二分之一磅”，在田字框点击其右边的下拉箭头，选择“上框线”、“下框线”，点击“确定”，再点击“应用”。然后再选中表格，点击鼠标右键，选择“表格自动套用格式”，在表格样式中选择“三线表”，点击“修改”，在“格式应用于”选择“标题行”，再选择“二分之一磅”，在田字框点击其右边的下拉箭头，选择“下框线”，点击“确定”，再点击“应用”。
表格的表头如表1-1一定要放在表格的上方，并居中。这与图片是不一样的，图片是把图片名称比如说图1-1放在图片的下面。
九、论文写作顺序
依次是封面、任务书、毕业论文评语、摘要、abstract、目录、第一章、第二章……第n章、参考文献、致谢。
十、打印
本科生打印的封面用橙色封面，单面打印。研究生用蓝色封面，双面打印。
这些格式是根据本人的经验写的，可能有些学校的要求不同，如果自己学校的要求不同的话，尽量按自己学校的要求来设定毕业论文格式。
本科毕业论文提纲包括（按顺序）：封面、内容摘要及关键词、提纲内容等三部分。
毕业论文提纲结构说明：论文提纲要求至少列出论文的章、节、目三级标题，用以反映论文的.结构框架和逻辑层次；此外，论文提纲的各级标题后都应有简洁的文字陈述观点，必须准确、清楚、合理地表达其涵盖的内容。
毕业论文提纲格式要求，毕业论文提纲提纲内容文字，毕业论文提纲内容标题：提纲一级、二级、三级及以下标题格式要求。
选题方法：
选题是论文写作关键的第一步，直接关系论文的质量。常言说：“题好文一半”。比如，对于临床护理专业，选择论文题目要注意：
要结合学习、工作实际，根据自己所熟悉的专业和研究兴趣，适当选择有理论和实践意义的课题；论文写作选题宜小不宜大，只要在学术的某一领域或某一点上，有自己的一得之见，或成功的经验、或失败的教训、或新的观点和认识，言之有物、读之有益，就可作为选题；
论文写作选题要查看文献资料，既可了解别人对这个问题的研究达到什么程度，也可借鉴他人对这个问题的研究成果。