足球训练本科毕业论文

速度力量是速度与力量的综合表现,它的提高受速度素质与力量素质的牵制。力量和速度是决定快速能力的发展因素。速度力量的典型表现形式是爆发力、起动力、反应力。爆发力的提高有赖于最大力量的发展,快速用力、超等长练习法是发展爆发力的有效方法。起动力的提高与最大力量密切相关,采用专门练习对发展起动力有积极作用多俱乐部的管理有了较大发展,但发展空间仍然很大.我们调查了俱乐部风险评估过程的各个方面,2003年俱乐部风险评估与管理调查结果表示进行了下列风险评估的百分率(%)英格兰英格兰上市足球俱乐部所有足球俱乐部对俱乐部风险性质和程度进行评估747对风险可能性的关注程度及具体操作864特殊风险研究与影响评估8626对财产损失与欺诈行为进行控制并采取措施0045董事会是否进行3年商业计划8648上表有两个显着特点,(一)调查中29%的英格兰上市足球俱乐部没有对俱乐部风险的性质和程度进行评估;(二)英格兰上市俱乐部与所有俱乐部的表现大相径庭.后者只有47%确定了面临的风险的性质与程度,仅有41%进行风险可能性评估,仅有26%进行特殊风险评估.英格兰上市足球俱乐部都对财产损失与欺诈行为进行调控并采取措施,但纵观英格兰所有足球俱乐部,只有45%关注该方面,进行商业计划的情况也很相似;86%的英格兰上市足球俱乐部赞同俱乐部董事会进行3年商业计划,但相比之下后者的比例则为48%.风险管理与商业计划的调查结果显示:总体上,多数英格兰足球俱乐部没有适时进行风险评估和商业计划来应对他们所面临的风险,也没有做出相应的计划.为了解决上述问题,我们提倡职业足球企业化管理模式,为足球产业量体裁衣,建立符合实际的模式,帮助俱乐部优化管理结构和管理过程,这必将提高他们的企业效益.这种管理模式应该比较容易设计,实施成本也很低,而且职业足球俱乐部企业化管理模式的主要受益者是俱乐部自身,供应商和股东也会受益.英足总目前正在设计该模式:也许不会减小风险,但它一定能提高风险管理.自足球运动员速度训练实例热身训练1筮组?将球员分成3人一组,每组分配一块1515的场地.?每组1球，球员在跑动中互相传球.?球员得球后控球一段时间,不要直接传球.练习2?训练内容与练习1类似,只是球员在每次传过球后做一次高跳和屈腿腾跃.练习3?每次传出球后跟随球传出方向奔跑片刻,然后反方向跑开.练习4?练习内容与练习3类似,只是反方向跑开后继续关注控球的同伴.箜习握示?让球动起来.?平传球.?训练之初速度较慢,然后不断提速.?左右脚都要做传球练习.?在两次练习之间安排伸展和力量练习,也可以通过在狭小的区域内直接传球进行积极的恢复.热身训练24箜组?将球员分成3人一组,每组分配一块15×15的场地.?每组球.箜过猩一'一练习1练习2一一.练习3练习4练习1?规定传球前触球的次数,两次触球和直接传球交替进行.练习2?只允许直接传球.?以最快的速度做练习两次每次练习时间超过30.练习3?一名球员跑向持球队员,要求传球.?另一名球员随后跑位.?要到球的队员让球在两脚之间移动,然后传给跑位的运动员,这名运动员延跑动方向带球前行.练习4?练习过程与练习3类似,只是第一名传出球的运动员最终又得到球.练习提示?让球动起来.?平传球.?训练之初速度较慢,然后不断提速.?左右脚都要做传球练习.?在两次练习之间安排伸展和力量练习,也可以通过在狭小的区域内直接传球进行积极的恢复.练习主体部分练习1练习的组织两个半场组织相同的练习?将罚球区的边线延长至中线,把练习场地分成3个区域,设一个球门和一名守门员.?将队员分成两组(进攻运动员和防守运动员),指派到不同的区域.?在中圈附近设置一名中场运动员.练习过程?守门员向某一区域内的进攻运动员投球.?得球的进攻选手要想办法在对对抗中带球深入,寻求射门机会.?如果防守运动员得到球,就把球传给站在中圈的球员.?新一轮练习守门员再把球传给下一名进攻选手,如此循环往复.变?在中线附近的运动员加入1对1对抗,变成2对1对抗.?外围的1对1对抗可以采取边线传中的策略,让位于中区的运动员继续带球深入禁区.?分别增加1名进攻运动员和1名防守运动员,形成2对2对抗.练习提示?将运动员安排到特定的位置.?守门员掷球时有意制造前后偏差,让运动员在接传球时做适当的调整.?在1对1对抗中,进攻运动员都要设法带球深入,突破,不要向侧面带球,回避防守运动员.?要求运动员尽可能快地寻求机会射门.?如果是外围进攻,进攻运动员在传出球前要抬起头,寻找队友,有意识地完成边线传中.练习2练习的组织?场地和人员的安排与上个练习1相似,只是位于中圈的运动员这次充当了传球手.练习的过程?练习的过程也与上个练习相似,只是进行1对1对抗的运动员从位于中圈的运动员那里接传球.?进攻运动员突然做个向球门方向前进的假动作,然后突然中断,向位于中圈的运动员索要传球.6?如果防守运动员没有反向运动,位于中圈的运动员也可以向球2/底线方向传球.可变形式?位于中圈的传球运动员也参与进来,构成2对1对抗.?其他的进攻和防守运动员也参与进来,构成3对2或4对3对抗.练习提示?将运动员安排到特定的位置.?在1对对抗中,进攻运动员都要设法带球深入,突破,不要向侧面带球,回避防守运动员.?即使当在罚球区内进攻运动员的人数多于防守运动员,进攻选手也尽量不要横传,而是要尽快设法射门.练习结束部分练习的组织?场地和人员的安排与训练主体部分练习相似,只是两人一组,每组一球.练习过程?离球门较远的球员向进攻运动员带球.?进攻运动员假意向球门方向奔跑,然后突然中断,索要传球.?进攻运动员得到传球后迅速向球门方向带球,寻求射门机会.?传出球的运动员立即紧随其后,设法阻止进攻运动员射门.?一轮练习结束后两名运动员互换角色.练握丞?防守运动员应该在进攻运动员后面紧紧追赶,对其施加压力.?要求运动员在距球门约2米处射门

原来写过一篇足球产业的

足球是体育项目中一项非常热门的运动，大部分的男孩子对足球特别热衷，我国国务院还将足球发展上升为国家战略，可见其重要性。下面学术堂整理了15个足球毕业论文题目。供大家参考。1、校园足球的推广对小学体育发展的影响研究2、高校校园足球常态化与制度化的创建策略3、2014-2015赛季欧洲足球冠军联赛进球特征研究4、浅析足球运动员运动性疲劳产生与消除5、英国女子足球运动发展史研究6、中国足球怎样才能从落后变先进7、中国足球媒介话语研究存在的若干问题8、浅谈校园足球文化的建构--以长沙德馨园小学为例9、我国贫困地区校园足球心率训练课的初步探析10、职业俱乐部对于校园足球开展的效能研究11、体育与跨文化交流研究--以英国足球教练员迁移为中心的历史考察12、探究式教学法在大学足球课中的应用研究13、从第20届世界杯足球赛看现代足球技战术最新趋势14、高校足球教学中游戏活动的实践探索与尝试15、男子少年足球运动员比赛和训练时心率特征的研究

再正确的足球理论，由中国人说出来，好像都站不住脚啊，还是换个话题吧。

有关足球训练论文题目

photoshop软件一般都用的CS3的.现在都用不了了,.我原来用的也是CS3,但是不能用了之后就用美图秀秀了.还简单些.

（足球为什么能成为赌博行业的一部分）要写就写些另类的东西

论怎么冲出亚洲

1、概率论与数理统计推算足彩胜负平概率2、利用系统工程推算联赛冠军归属3、线性代数计算下轮某球员（球队）发挥好坏、是否受伤、能否获胜4、球队管理学5、俱乐部发展规划百例分析6、从国外俱乐部的管理模式分析中国足球俱乐部管理模式的对与错7、足球俱乐部网站建设的得与失-通过分析国外俱乐部网站寻找我国俱乐部网站需要改进的地方8、成年球员科学训练方法9、对日韩青少年足球训练情况的调查分析10、对中国、亚洲、欧洲足球教练员水平的对比分析11、设计球迷互动网站（全国喜爱足球的可以在网站分城市注册后联系踢球）

足球训练队论文英文文献

足球运动是一项古老的体育活动，源远流长。据说，希腊人和罗马人在中世纪以前就已经从事一种足球游戏了。他们在一个长方形场地上，将球放在中间的白线上，用脚把球踢滚到对方场地上，当时称这种游戏为“哈巴斯托姆”。到19世纪初叶，足球运动在当时欧洲及拉美一些国家特别是在资本主义的英国已经相当盛行。直到1848年，足球运动的第一个文字形式的规则《剑桥规则》诞生了。然而众多的资料表明，中国古代足球的出现比欧洲更早，历史更为悠久。我国古代足球称为“蹴鞠”或“蹋鞠”，“蹴”和“蹋”都是踢的意思,“鞠”是球名。“蹴鞠”一词最早记载在《史记·苏秦列传》里，汉代刘向《别录》和唐人颜师曾为《汉书.枚乘传》均有记载。到了唐宋时期，“蹴鞠”活动已十分盛行，成为宫廷之中的高雅活动。 1958年7月，国际足联现任主席阿维兰热博士来中国时曾表示：足球起源于中国。当然，由于封建社会的局限，中国古代的蹴鞠活动最终没有发展成为以“公平竞争”为原则的现代足球运动。这个质的飞跃是在资本主义的英国完成的。现代足球运动的诞生从17世纪中后期开始，足球运动逐步从欧美传入世界各国，尤其是在一些文化发达的国家更为盛行。越来越多的人走向球场，投身到这一富有刺激性和畅快感的运动中去，以至于一度将足球运动开展得好坏作为衡量一个国家文化发达与否的标志。在这种情况下，英国人率先为足球运动的发展作出了重要贡献。 1863年10月26日，英国人在伦敦皇后大街弗里马森旅馆成立了世界第一个足球协会——英格兰足球协会。会上除了宣布英格兰足协正式成立之外，制定和通过了世界第一部较为统一的足球竞赛规则，并以文字形式记载下来。英格兰足球协会的诞生，标志着足球运动的发展进入了一个崭新的阶段因而,人们公认1863 年10月26日，即英格兰足球协会成立之日为现代足球的诞生日。第一届FIFA世界杯，足球传奇的开始尽管国际足联在1904年便宣告正式成立，但在此后的20年间还没有进行过任何一项国际性的足球比赛。 1924年在巴黎举行的奥林匹克运动会上，足球终于成为正式比赛项目。这是一次空前的足球盛会，来自各大洲的球队齐聚巴黎，争夺代表最高荣誉的金牌。比赛无疑是成功的，超过50,000名热情的观众观看了最后的决赛，乌拉圭击败瑞士队获得了冠军。但是到了1928年，许多国家都拒绝参加在阿姆斯特丹举行的奥运会。很显然，随着职业足球的不断发展，现在是时候成立一项独立的国际足球赛事了。 1928年5月26日，国际足联代表大会在阿姆斯特丹召开。会上经过投票通过了于1930年举办一项新赛事的决议，该赛事将对国际足联下属的所有成员国开放。1929年5月18日，在巴塞罗那召开的会议上，乌拉圭被投票选举为首届FIFA世界杯赛的主办国。

The Sport I like Best Of all the sports, I like table-tennis best. I think it is not only a sport but also an art, because it is a game that needs strength and skill. Some people think that playing table-tennis needs little strength, but I don’t think so. In playing table-tennis, we should judge the direction of the ball, and hit it back with great strength so that we can win the game. At the same time we need to pick up the ball which falls to the ground. So after one game you will be very tired if you have tried your best. But, as a sport, I think it more like an art. In the game, you can often find the ball moving quickly, and each of the players’movements is very beautiful. So I like the sport very much. Though I can’t play it very well, I still show great interest in it. I think playing table-tennis can build our bodies,keep us healthy and train our brains. So I like it very much. History of Football 足球运动的历史 Football is the universal language of scores of millions of people around the world, including countless children and teenagers. Young people play in narrow, urban alleyways. They play in refugee camps. They play in abandoned swimming pools. In car parks, war zones, on street corners--wherever there are young people, it seems there is football. Children play football at the launch of the FIFA-UNICEF alliance at United Nations Headquarters in New York. But the sport is more than just a game. It's a positive lifestyle. It's a way to promote a peaceful approach to conflict resolution. It's a tool for wooing a young body away from the lures of drugs, unsafe sex, or violence. It's a way to help ensure that young people grow up healthy, fit and full of self-esteem. And, what's more, it's a manifestation of the right to play that the Convention on the Rights of the Child includes as one of the fundamental rights of all children. Hi, my name is (名字) and I’ve loved basketball ever since I was...well, I’ve liked it pretty much all my life. If it weren’t for my dad and his love for the sport, I probably never would’ve gotten into basketball, but maybe I would’ve, it's in my blood. My grandmas on both sides of the family played basketball, and my mom and dad played! So, ya, it's definitely in my blood! I started playing rep basketball when I was eleven years old, on a boys team. I know this might sound crazy, but I actually had a lot of fun on that team. The guys were great. When I think back to playing with them, I always get a huge grin across my face, because it reminds me of all the fun I had with them. Unfortunately, since the guys moved up to major bantam this year, I wasn’t allowed to play with them anymore (they were getting too big). So, this year I'm playing on a girls rep team. It’s not that bad, but nothing can compare to the times I had on the boys team. Even though basketball isn't the most popular sport, I couldn’t care less, and for all those basketball players out there, I love you guys! I hope people will go out and try playing some basketball, maybe you’re not too good at it right now, but it took me a long, long time for me to get some skill into me. So, get out there and shoot some hoops! (二) During my secondary school years I often liked to go to the recreation room to play table tennis. Some of my classmates were very good at this game and I often tried to compete with them to improve my skill. In high school I spent many hours playing outdoor sports. I enjoyed team sports like basketball and volleyball. In my senior year I started to practice tennis. Sometimes I would find a partner to play tennis with me, but as yet I am not very good at this sport. Tennis requires great strength in the arms and legs as well as strong concentration on the game. (三)The Sport I like Best Of all the sports, I like table-tennis best. I think it is not only a sport but also an art, because it is a game that needs strength and skill. Some people think that playing table-tennis needs little strength, but I don’t think so. In playing table-tennis, we should judge the direction of the ball, and hit it back with great strength so that we can win the game. At the same time we need to pick up the ball which falls to the ground. So after one game you will be very tired if you have tried your best. But, as a sport, I think it more like an art. In the game, you can often find the ball moving quickly, and each of the players’movements is very beautiful. So I like the sport very much. Though I can’t play it very well, I still show great interest in it. I think playing table-tennis can build our bodies,keep us healthy and train our brains. So I like it very much.

有关英国文化The culture of the United Kingdom is rich and varied, and has been influential on culture on a worldwide scale. It is a European state, and has many cultural links with its former colonies, particularly those that use the English language (the Anglosphere). Considerable contributions to British culture have been made over the last half-century by immigrants from the Indian Subcontinent and the West Indies. The origins of the UK as a political union of formerly independent states has resulted in the preservation of distinctive cultures in each of the home nations. Language Main article: Languages in the United Kingdom The United Kingdom has no official language. English is the main language and the de facto official language, spoken monolingually by an estimated 95% of the UK population. However, some nations and regions of the UK have frameworks for the promotion of their autochthonous languages. In Wales, English and Welsh are both widely used by officialdom, and Irish and Ulster Scots enjoy limited use alongside English in Northern Ireland, mainly in publicly commissioned translations. Additionally, the Western Isles council area of Scotland has a policy to promote Scottish Gaelic. Under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, which is not legally enforceable, the UK Government has committed itself to the promotion of certain linguistic traditions. Welsh, Scottish Gaelic and Cornish are to be developed in Wales, Scotland and Cornwall respectively. Other native languages afforded such protection include Irish in Northern Ireland, Scots in Scotland and Northern Ireland, where it is known in official parlance as "Ulster Scots" or "Ullans" but in the speech of users simply as "Scotch", and British Sign Language. The Arts Literature Sherlock Holmes, played here by Jeremy Brett, was created by British author Arthur Conan article: British literature The earliest native literature of the territory of the modern United Kingdom was written in the Celtic languages of the isles. The Welsh literary tradition stretches from the 6th century. Irish poetry also represents a more or less unbroken tradition from the 6th century to the present day, with the Ulster Cycle being of particular relevance to Northern Ireland. Anglo-Saxon literature includes Beowulf, a national epic, but literature in Latin predominated among educated elites. After the Norman Conquest Anglo-Norman literature brought continental influences to the isles. English literature emerged as a recognisable entity in the late 14th century, with the rise and spread of the London dialect of Middle English. Geoffrey Chaucer is the first great identifiable individual in English literature: his Canterbury Tales remains a popular 14th-century work which readers still enjoy today. Following the introduction of the printing press into England by William Caxton in 1476, the Elizabethan era saw a great flourishing of literature, especially in the fields of poetry and drama. From this period, poet and playwright William Shakespeare stands out as arguably the most famous writer in the world. The English novel became a popular form in the 18th century, with Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719), Samuel Richardson's Pamela (1740) and Henry Fielding's Tom Jones (1745). After a period of decline, the poetry of Robert Burns revived interest in vernacular literature, the rhyming weavers of Ulster being especially influenced by literature in Scots from Scotland. The following two centuries continued a huge outpouring of literary production. In the early 19th century, the Romantic period showed a flowering of poetry comparable with the Renaissance two hundred years earlier, with such poets as William Blake, William Wordsworth, John Keats, and Lord Byron. The Victorian period was the golden age of the realistic English novel, represented by Jane Austen, the Brontë sisters (Charlotte, Emily and Anne), Charles Dickens, William Thackeray, George Eliot, and Thomas Hardy. World War One gave rise to British war poets and writers such as Wilfred Owen, Siegfried Sassoon, Robert Graves and Rupert Brooke who wrote (often paradoxically), of their expectations of war, and/or their experiences in the trench. The Celtic Revival stimulated new appreciation of traditional Irish literature, however, with the independence of the Irish Free State, Irish literature came to be seen as more clearly separate from the strains of British literature. The Scottish Renaissance of the early 20th century brought modernism to Scottish literature as well as an interest in new forms in the literatures of Scottish Gaelic and Scots. The English novel developed in the 20th century into much greater variety and was greatly enriched by immigrant writers. It remains today the dominant English literary form. Other well-known novelists include Arthur Conan Doyle, D. H. Lawrence, George Orwell, Salman Rushdie, Mary Shelley, Zadie Smith, J. R. R. Tolkien, Virginia Woolf and . Rowling. Important poets include Elizabeth Barrett Browning, T. S. Eliot, Ted Hughes, John Milton, Alfred Tennyson, Rudyard Kipling, Alexander Pope, and Dylan Thomas. Religion Main article: Religion in the United Kingdom Although today one of the most 'secularised' states in the world, the United Kingdom is traditionally a Christian country, with two of the Home nations having official faiths: Anglicanism, in the form of the Church of England, is the Established Church in England. The Queen is Supreme Governor of the Church of England. Presbyterianism (Church of Scotland) is the official faith in Scotland. The Anglican Church in Wales was disestablished in 1920. The Anglican Church of Ireland was disestablished in 1871. Other religions followed in the UK include Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism, Judaism, and Buddhism. While 2001 census information [2] suggests that over 75 percent of UK citizens consider themselves to belong to a religion, Gallup International reports that only 10 percent of UK citizens regularly attend religious services, compared to 15 percent of French citizens and 57 percent of American citizens. A 2004 YouGov poll found that 44 percent of UK citizens believe in God, while 35 percent do not [3]. The disparity between the census data and the YouGov data has been put down to a phenomenon described as "cultural Christianity", whereby many who do not believe in God still identify with the religion they were bought up as, or the religion of their parents. [edit] Food Main article: British cuisine Although there is ample evidence of a rich and varied approach to cuisine during earlier historical periods (particularly so amongst wealthy citizens), during much of the 19th and 20th century Britain had a reputation for somewhat conservative cuisine. The stereotype of the native cuisine was of a diet progressing little beyond stodgy meals consisting of "meat and two veg". Even today, in more conservative areas of the country, "meat and two veg" cuisine is still the favoured choice at the dinner table. Traditional British fare usually includes dishes such as fish and chips, roast dishes of beef, lamb, chicken and pork, as well as regional dishes such as the Cornish pasty and Lancashire Hotpot. On 8 January 1940, four months after the outbreak of World War II, a system of food Rationing was introduced to conserve stocks and feed the nation during the critical war years. Rationing persisted until July 4, 1954 [4] when a fourteen year period of relative privation (which profoundly affected a generation of people attitude to 'a culture of food') finally came to an end. With the end of rationing, Britain's diet began to change, slowly at first during the 1950s and 1960s, but immeasurably by the closing decades of the 20th century. During the transitional period of the 1970s, a number of influential figures such as Delia Smith (perhaps Britain's most famous homegrown exponent of good food), began the drive to encourage greater experimentation with the new ingredients (. pasta) increasingly being offered by the supermarkets. The evolution of the British diet was further accelerated with the increasing tendency of the British to travel to continental Europe (and sometimes beyond) for their annual holidays, experiencing new and unfamiliar dishes as they travelled to countries such as France, Italy, and Spain. Towards the mid to late 1990s and onwards an explosion of talented new 'TV chefs' began to come to prominence, (with figures as diverse as Jamie Oliver, Ainsley Harriott, Ken Hom, Nigella Lawson, Madhur Jaffrey, Nigel Slater, and Keith Floyd) this brought about a noticeable acceleration in the diversity of cuisine the general public were prepared to try and their general confidence in preparing food that had would once have been considered pure staples of foreign cultures, particularly the Mediterranean European, South and East Asian diets. As a result, a new style of cooking called Modern British emerged. This process of increased variety and experimentation in food inevitably dovetailed with the very profound impact that the post-war influx of immigrants to the UK (many from Britain's former colonies in the Caribbean and Indian sub-continent) had on the national cuisine. The new communities propelled new and exciting dishes and ingredients onto restaurant tables and into the national consciousness. In many instances, British tastes fused with the new dishes to produce entirely new dishes such as the Balti, an English invention based on Indian cuisine that has since gained popularity across the world. Many of these new dishes have since become deeply embedded in the native culture, culminating in a speech in 2001 by Foreign Secretary, Robin Cook, in which he described Chicken Tikka Masala as 'a true British national dish' [5]. With the rich diversity of its peoples and its (arguably) relatively successful attempts at creating a true multicultural society, married to a reputation as an experimental and forward thinking nation, the future of British cuisine looks positive. [edit] Education University College, Oxford was founded in the 13th centuryMain article: Education in the United Kingdom The education system in the United Kingdom varies in important respects between England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Education is devolved to the Scottish Parliament and the assemblies in Wales and Northern Ireland. Education is compulsory for all children between the ages of five and sixteen. Most children in the UK are educated in state funded schools financed through the tax system and so parents do not pay directly for the cost of education. Less than ten percent of the UK school age population attend independent fee-paying schools. Many prominent independent schools, often founded hundreds of years ago, are known as public schools of which Eton, Harrow and Rugby are three of the better known. Most primary and secondary schools in both the private and state sectors have compulsory school uniforms. This is a contentious point with generations of school children who would like to see them abolished, only to support their retention once they become parents, this is due to people wanting to have a 'uniform' appearance in schools and it reduces the brand logo culture from coming out in educational establishments. Due to the multicultural nature of England, some allowances have had to be made in the uniform regulations to accommodate the needs of some children's religious beliefs. [edit] England Main article Education in England Most schools came under state control in the Victorian era, a formal state school system was instituted after the Second World War. Initially schools were separated into infant schools (normally up to age 4 or 5), primary schools and secondary schools (split into more academic grammar schools and more vocational secondary modern schools). Under the Labour governments of the 1960s and 1970s most secondary modern and grammar schools were combined to become comprehensive schools. Although the Minister of Education is responsible to Parliament for education, the day to day administration and funding of state schools is the responsibility of Local Education Authorities. Northern Ireland Main article Education in Northern Ireland Scotland Main article Education in Scotland Wales Main article Education in Wales Higher education The United Kingdom includes many historic universities. These include the so-called Oxbridge universities (Oxford University and Cambridge University) which are amongst the world's oldest universities and are generally ranked at or near the top of all British universities. Other universities include the University of St Andrews, the oldest university in Scotland. Academic degrees are usually split into classes: first class (I), upper second class (II:1), lower second class (II:2) and third (III), and unclassified (below third class). [Sport Main article: Sport in the United Kingdom The national sport of the UK is football, and the UK has the oldest football clubs in the world. The home nations all have separate national teams and domestic competitions, most notably the Scottish Premier League, the FA Cup and the FA Premier League. The first ever international football match was between Scotland and England in 1872. The match ended goalless. Other famous British sporting events include the Wimbledon tennis championships, the Grand National, the London Marathon, the ashes series of cricket matches and the boat race between Oxford and Cambridge universities. A great number of major sports originated in the United Kingdom, including: Football (soccer), squash, golf, boxing, rugby (rugby union and rugby league), cricket, snooker, billiards, badminton and curling. National costume The kilt is a traditional Scottish garmentThere is no specifically British national costume. Even individually, England, Wales and Northern Ireland have only vestiges of a national costume; Scotland has the kilt and Tam o'shanter. In England certain military uniforms such as the Beefeater or the Queen's Guard are considered by tourists to be symbolic of Englishness, however they are not official national costumes. Morris dancers or the costumes for the traditional English may dance are cited by some as examples of traditional English costume. Naming convention The naming convention in most of the United Kingdom is for everyone to have a given name, usually (but not always) indicating the child's sex, followed by a parent's family name. This naming convention has remained much the same since the 15th century in England although patronymic naming remained in some of the further reaches of the other home nations until much later. Since the 19th century middle names have become very common and are often taken from the family name of an ancestor. Traditionally given names were largely taken from the Bible however in the Gothic Revival of the Victorian era Anglo Saxon and mythical names became commonplace. Since the middle of the 20th century however given names have been influenced by a much wider cultural base. 英国式足球（Wall game）的英文介绍Wall gameWally (pronounced Wall - ey ) is a groupe of games played predominantly in secondary schools in England. The games are generally played during breaks and require a wall and tennis ball or football. Numbers involved in games range from four to 30-ish; however, numbers become unmanageable beyond to playUsing a tennis ball The game is played against a stretch of wall with a smooth flat surface underneath. The wall should preferably be above two meters (although skilled players never use more than meter). The ball is 'served' by throwing the ball hard at the ground and making it bounce on to the wall; this is normally done from two to three meters away from the wall. Players then have to hit the ball in the cupped palm of their hand towards the wall ensuring that it bounces on the ground before it hits the wall. A player is out if they fail to hit the ball, fail to make the ball bounce before hitting the wall, or miss the wall. The winner is the last person left tennis raquet can be used instead of handsUsing a football The rules are the same although the ball is kicked rather than hit with the handDetailed RulesThe length of wall is changeable depending on the number of players but generally stays under eight meters. Players can call for a re-serve if they feel there was a bad serve; this can only be done before the ball is hit. The person who is nearest to the ball is the one that has to hit it. Failure to do so results in them being out. Players can step out of the way of the ball if there is someone behind them, thus making the person behind them responsible for hitting the ball. If two players begin to claim the other person was nearer to the ball then both players are out. The ball is sometimes aimed at other players because they are out if the ball hits them. If the ball hits the joining of the wall and floor (a '50/50') players can call for the round to start again. Playing StyleThe game is played differently to the way the rules would suggest. The playing style is fast and furious and when well-played the ball is hit very hard and low to the ground three or four meters away from the wall. Playing occasionally changes to the ball being hit very softy close to the wall requiring players to be very close to the wall; this is generally used tactically as players can then hit the ball hard so that it shoots off almost parallel to the wall catching out people who had not been playing close to the wall. This tactic generally only last a round or part of one as it is considered are a few variations of the game although they are played with less frequency than the main game. 'Stings' is played exactly the same as the normal game except at the end of a game the first person has to stand against the wall while the winner gets one shoot against them with the ball. '3D' wally is generally played in corridors or classrooms, in this variant of the game 2 or 3 walls are used as well as the roof.

心理训练研究现状足球论文

足球教学提升学生心理素质的途径论文

摘要：现代教学理论认为，学生的德、智、体、美和个性生动活泼的发展，要以良好的心理素质作为突破口。现今，教育工作者正努力探索各种各样培养学生健康心理的途径。体育教学主要是要达到“健康体育”的目的，不断提升学生心理素质也包含其中。那么在足球体育教学中如何来加强学生心理素质的培养呢?长期通过对学生非智力的研究，在这方面进行了探索。

关键词：足球教学学生心理素质

1 足球教学提升学生心理素质的研究目的心理素质是指一定的心理结构对外界信息的加工、处理、综合所表现出来的心理特征。

它是由许多因素构成的复合体，是学生发展的一个综合能力指标。实践证明它是导致学生健康成长的关键。足球教学作为体育教学中重要的一个部分，在培养学生良好心理素质方面将有义不容辞的责任，探索足球教学提升学生心理素质培养的途径，将是体育教育工作者探讨的课题之一。

2 足球教学提升学生心理素质的途径与方法在足球教学中，培养学生心理素质的措施是多种多样的。

在这次试验研究中，我主要从动机、兴趣、情感、性格等非智力因素方面进行了探索。

2．1 根据学生的心理特点，有针对性的合理安排足球课教学内容在足球教学中有针对性地进行安排合理的学习内容，能有效地调动和纠正个性的心理、情感缺陷。如有的学生胆l去、怕羞，可安排并鼓励他们多抓人、射门比赛等活动项目的锻炼，并由易到难、由浅入深逐步提高，使他们不断地克服胆、害怕心理，以勇敢的精神跨越心理障碍。还有的学生性格内向、孤僻不合群，则组织足球教学比赛活动，动员他们主动参加，使他们融合在集体之中，用团体精神帮助他们克服孤僻、不合群的个性，使他们体会到自己是集体的一分子。由此，逐步树立良好的人际关系。针对急躁、易怒、遇事容易冲动、自控能力差的学生，则让他们多做球感练习以及颠球、过杆等一些缓慢、持久的运动项目，以培养其自我控制能力，稳定被动情绪，使容易急躁冲动的弱点得到一定的改善。面对那些在日常生活中一些遇到重要事情极易出现紧张、心理承受能力差的学生，平时多组织他们参加公开的激烈的足球比赛，如分组对抗足球赛等，使他们在失败与胜利之间，得到锻炼，慢慢的克服自身心理障碍。

2．2 根据学生各自的体能特征，选择合适的方式进行教学教师应结合学生技能、体能、兴趣组织教学形式，可以进行循环练习、不等时轮换和交叉练习。例如：将学生分组进行学习脚背内侧传球、过杆射门、脚背内侧传球技术，学生可根据自己实际情况选择内容，在规定的时间内进行换组等，这样从学生的实际出发达到了锻炼的目的。有的学生传接球技术突出，并在教学中领悟快、技能好的同学，教师可以适当地让他们多做示范，使他们有自我表现和发展特长的机会。而面对少数技能训练不达到要求的学生，则进行个别辅导，反复练习，帮助他们领悟动作要领，树立信心，这样就能充分提高体育课的教学密度和广度。

2．3 根据学生爪．陛差异，要因材施教的进行教学学生的爪．陛差异在休育课中的表现也不一样。如在耐久跑的教学中，有的学生较胖，不愿动；有的学生体能差，不想动；有的学生懒，怕运动，特别是当教师站旁边看着他们训练时，显得更加紧张。根据这些心理因素，教师应有意识地培养学生，给他们以示范和展示的机会，采用肯定、表扬、鼓励的方法，增强他们的自信心。有组织地把他们同体能好的同学安排在一起，使他们多看、多思考，并在教学方法、手段上尽可能地满足他们的需求，可以采用转移注意力的方法，如盘带球接力、五对五擂台赛等提高他们的兴趣．激发他们积极主动的情绪，并在活动中及时对他们的进步进行肯定，提高他们练习的热情，从而激发他们练习的能动性。在教学中根据学生的学习情况，再给学生一定的自动选择训练项目的时间，让他们调整学习心态，确定自己的训练目标，内容上做到一主多副，让他们更多的'选择以增强他们学习的自主性。

2．4 根据学生足球活动的需要，要灵活地创设教学氖围经常参加足球体育活动的学生比～般学生更有社会活动能力和社会适应能力。创设和谐足球的课堂氛围对学生今后在社会生活、家庭生活、职业生活、业余生活中都会产生重要影响，是学生终生受益。为此教师要创设一种让学生表观的环境和氛围，使足球课成为一个小社会。如在足球教学中多增加一些自我创造的练习，使学生在足球课堂里生动活泼的学习知识、掌握技能。在这过程中，学生所产生和表现出来的情感、兴趣、特长等可以进行交流，碰撞，从而培养他们学会各种人际关系和处事能力，使课堂成为学生互相学习、互相尊重、互相理解和竞争自强的活动场所。

在体育教学中，足球教学是以集体形式出现．人和人之间发生着频繁的横向联系，这是培养身心健康，适应社会发展需求的一代新人的重要途径。这也就对我们体育教师提出了更高的要求。教师必须寻找好的教学方法和途径，特别是根据学生的心理特点，因材施教，促进学生全面发展，提高教学质量。在足球教学的课堂上，促进学生心理健康，还与体育教师自身良好的品德、敬业精神、教育教学能力以及调动学生对学习的积极性和兴趣、创设和谐的教学环境氛围等因素密切相关。教师的感情、知识、才能和品格方面的内在涵养也是促进学生良好心理素质形成的主要因素。在教学中教师心胸坦荡、富有朝气、充满活力，优美的教态以及动作的熟练性和准确性，能让学生产生敬佩和积极的学习态度。良好的心理素质的培养，虽然很复杂，但只要我们持之以恒去努力，就一定会成功的。

自己感受哦……

足球论文参考文献范例

在各领域中，大家最不陌生的就是论文了吧，论文是学术界进行成果交流的工具。写论文的注意事项有许多，你确定会写吗？以下是我为大家整理的足球论文参考文献范例，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。

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[15]孙晓娟，吴澳.校园足球对青少年身心健康的影响[J].西部素质教育，2018，4(15):62-63.

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[17]黄文洁.学科核心素养下高中体育教师专业素养构建研究[D].江西师范大学，2018.

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[19]孙宇.新形势下我国校园足球运动的运思与发展[J].电大理工，2017，(01):81-82.

[20]姚杰.足球进课堂背景下中小学足球教学的阶段性地位研究[J].青少年体育，2017，(03):36-37.

[21]周东升.浅析校园足球文化对校园文化的作用[J].青少年体育，2017，(03):32-33.

[22]宋辉.我国足球产业发展现状及前景分析[J].经济研究导刊，2017，(09):20-21.

[23]刘陵，张伟.青少年趣味足球的内涵解读及推进策略[J].当代体育科技，2017，(09):155-156+159.

[24]陈斌.开展校园足球活动的目标思考[J].当代体育科技，2017，(09):209-210.

[25]吴剑，桂蓉，曹电康.校园足球健康发展的路径选择[J].体育文化导刊，2017，(03):138-142+160.

[26]刘志敏.新疆少数民族青少年足球运动参与行为影响因素分析[J].体育文化导刊，2017，(03):156-160.

[27]张应龙.文化认同视域下欧洲职业足球文化特征及其启示研究[J].延安大学学报(自然科学版)，2017，(01):117-120.

[28]程万军.浅谈青少年足球运动员训练的'方法[J].民营科技，2017，(03):227.

[29]吴楠.足球运动员体能训练策略研究[J].运动，2017，(06):18+5.

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足球队员体能训练研究论文

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