自动减速器的设计毕业论文

A single-stage cylindrical gear reducer, mainly by the owners, driven shift gears, bearings, ring, cover, owners, vice shell, spline shaft, which sets the spline flange, gland, the bearings Block Group into. Characterized by active gear shift is a step-like, one end of the Department of shift gears and gear driven link, and the other end with bearings, ring fixed connection, the bearings and bearing the coat connection, bearing housing and sub-surface connection. Because of this reducer the main, from the use of gear shift gear and take the initiative to shift gears to increase the other side of the Department of bearings, bearing, cantilever past, and to strengthen the work of gear strength, increased the life span of reducer. The following is a design statement: Modified parameters: the work of a conveyor belt pulling force: 2300N Conveyor belt speed: / s Roller diameter: 400mm Daily working hours: 24h Transmission Work Experience: 3 years

仅供参考一、传动方案拟定第二组第三个数据：设计带式输送机传动装置中的一级圆柱齿轮减速器（1） 工作条件：使用年限10年，每年按300天计算，两班制工作，载荷平稳。（2） 原始数据：滚筒圆周力F=；带速V=；滚筒直径D=220mm。运动简图二、电动机的选择1、电动机类型和结构型式的选择：按已知的工作要求和 条件，选用 Y系列三相异步电动机。2、确定电动机的功率：（1）传动装置的总效率：η总=η带×η2轴承×η齿轮×η联轴器×η滚筒=××××(2)电机所需的工作功率：Pd=FV/1000η总=1700××、确定电动机转速：滚筒轴的工作转速：Nw=60×1000V/πD=60×1000×π×220=根据【2】表中推荐的合理传动比范围，取V带传动比Iv=2~4，单级圆柱齿轮传动比范围Ic=3~5，则合理总传动比i的范围为i=6~20，故电动机转速的可选范围为nd=i×nw=（6~20）×符合这一范围的同步转速有960 r/min和1420r/min。由【2】表查出有三种适用的电动机型号、如下表方案 电动机型号 额定功率 电动机转速（r/min） 传动装置的传动比KW 同转 满转 总传动比 带 齿轮1 Y132s-6 3 1000 960 3 Y100l2-4 3 1500 1420 3 综合考虑电动机和传动装置尺寸、重量、价格和带传动、减速器的传动比，比较两种方案可知：方案1因电动机转速低，传动装置尺寸较大，价格较高。方案2适中。故选择电动机型号Y100l2-4。4、确定电动机型号根据以上选用的电动机类型，所需的额定功率及同步转速，选定电动机型号为Y100l2-4。其主要性能：额定功率：3KW，满载转速1420r/min，额定转矩。三、计算总传动比及分配各级的传动比1、总传动比：i总=n电动/n筒=1420/、分配各级传动比（1） 取i带=3（2） ∵i总=i齿×i 带π∴i齿=i总/i带=四、运动参数及动力参数计算1、计算各轴转速（r/min）nI=nm/i带=1420/3=(r/min)nII=nI/i齿=(r/min)滚筒nw=nII=(r/min)2、 计算各轴的功率（KW）PI=Pd×η带=××η轴承×η齿轮=××、 计算各轴转矩Td=×入/n1 = =入/n2=五、传动零件的设计计算1、 皮带轮传动的设计计算（1） 选择普通V带截型由课本[1]P189表10-8得：kA= P=×据PC=和n1=由课本[1]P189图10-12得：选用A型V带（2） 确定带轮基准直径，并验算带速由[1]课本P190表10-9，取dd1=95mm>dmin=75dd2=i带dd1(1-ε)=3×95×()= mm由课本[1]P190表10-9，取dd2=280带速V：V=πdd1n1/60×1000=π×95×1420/60×1000=在5~25m/s范围内，带速合适。（3） 确定带长和中心距初定中心距a0=500mmLd=2a0+π(dd1+dd2)/2+(dd2-dd1)2/4a0=2×500+(95+280)+(280-95)2/4×450=根据课本[1]表（10-6）选取相近的Ld=1600mm确定中心距a≈a0+(Ld-Ld0)/2=500+()/2=497mm(4) 验算小带轮包角α1= ×(dd2-dd1)/a=×(280-95)/497=>1200（适用）（5） 确定带的根数单根V带传递的额定功率.据dd1和n1，查课本图10-9得 P1=≠1时单根V带的额定功率增量.据带型及i查[1]表10-2得 △P1=查[1]表10-3，得Kα=；查[1]表10-4得 KL= PC/[(P1+△P1)KαKL]=[() ××]= (取3根)(6) 计算轴上压力由课本[1]表10-5查得q=，由课本式（10-20）单根V带的初拉力：F0=500PC/ZV[（α）-1]+qV2=[()]+ =则作用在轴承的压力FQFQ=2ZF0sin(α1/2)=2×3×()=、齿轮传动的设计计算（1）选择齿轮材料与热处理：所设计齿轮传动属于闭式传动，通常齿轮采用软齿面。查阅表[1] 表6-8，选用价格便宜便于制造的材料，小齿轮材料为45钢，调质，齿面硬度260HBS；大齿轮材料也为45钢，正火处理，硬度为215HBS；精度等级：运输机是一般机器，速度不高，故选8级精度。(2)按齿面接触疲劳强度设计由d1≥ (6712×kT1(u+1)/φdu[σH]2)1/3确定有关参数如下：传动比i齿=取小齿轮齿数Z1=20。则大齿轮齿数：Z2=iZ1= ×20=取z2=78由课本表6-12取φd=(3)转矩T1T1=×106×P1/n1=×106×(4)载荷系数k : 取k=(5)许用接触应力[σH][σH]= σHlim ZN/SHmin 由课本[1]图6-37查得：σHlim1=610Mpa σHlim2=500Mpa接触疲劳寿命系数Zn：按一年300个工作日，每天16h计算，由公式N=60njtn 计算N1=60××10×300×18= /×108查[1]课本图6-38中曲线1，得 ZN1=1 ZN2=按一般可靠度要求选取安全系数SHmin=[σH]1=σHlim1ZN1/SHmin=610x1/1=610 Mpa[σH]2=σHlim2ZN2/SHmin=故得：d1≥ (6712×kT1(u+1)/φdu[σH]2)1/3=模数：m=d1/Z1=取课本[1]P79标准模数第一数列上的值，m=(6)校核齿根弯曲疲劳强度σ bb=2KT1YFS/bmd1确定有关参数和系数分度圆直径：d1=mZ1=×20mm=50mmd2=mZ2=×78mm=195mm齿宽：b=φdd1=×50mm=55mm取b2=55mm b1=60mm(7)复合齿形因数YFs 由课本[1]图6-40得：YFS1=(8)许用弯曲应力[σbb]根据课本[1]P116：[σbb]= σbblim YN/SFmin由课本[1]图6-41得弯曲疲劳极限σbblim应为： σbblim1=490Mpa σbblim2 =410Mpa由课本[1]图6-42得弯曲疲劳寿命系数YN：YN1=1 YN2=1弯曲疲劳的最小安全系数SFmin ：按一般可靠性要求，取SFmin =1计算得弯曲疲劳许用应力为[σbb1]=σbblim1 YN1/SFmin=490×1/1=490Mpa[σbb2]= σbblim2 YN2/SFmin =410×1/1=410Mpa校核计算σbb1=2kT1YFS1/ b1md1=< [σbb1]σbb2=2kT1YFS2/ b2md1=< [σbb2]故轮齿齿根弯曲疲劳强度足够(9)计算齿轮传动的中心矩aa=(d1+d2)/2= (50+195)/2=(10)计算齿轮的圆周速度V计算圆周速度V=πn1d1/60×1000=××50/60×1000=因为V＜6m/s，故取8级精度合适．六、轴的设计计算从动轴设计1、选择轴的材料 确定许用应力选轴的材料为45号钢，调质处理。查[2]表13-1可知：σb=650Mpa,σs=360Mpa,查[2]表13-6可知：[σb+1]bb=215Mpa[σ0]bb=102Mpa,[σ-1]bb=60Mpa2、按扭转强度估算轴的最小直径单级齿轮减速器的低速轴为转轴，输出端与联轴器相接，从结构要求考虑，输出端轴径应最小，最小直径为：d≥C查[2]表13-5可得，45钢取C=118则d≥118×()1/3mm=考虑键槽的影响以及联轴器孔径系列标准，取d=35mm3、齿轮上作用力的计算齿轮所受的转矩：T=×106P/n=×106× N齿轮作用力：圆周力：Ft=2T/d=2×198582/195N=2036N径向力：Fr=Fttan200=2036×tan200=741N4、轴的结构设计轴结构设计时，需要考虑轴系中相配零件的尺寸以及轴上零件的固定方式，按比例绘制轴系结构草图。（1）、联轴器的选择可采用弹性柱销联轴器，查[2]表可得联轴器的型号为HL3联轴器：35×82 GB5014-85（2）、确定轴上零件的位置与固定方式单级减速器中，可以将齿轮安排在箱体中央，轴承对称布置在齿轮两边。轴外伸端安装联轴器，齿轮靠油环和套筒实现轴向定位和固定，靠平键和过盈配合实现周向固定，两端轴承靠套筒实现轴向定位，靠过盈配合实现周向固定 ，轴通过两端轴承盖实现轴向定位，联轴器靠轴肩平键和过盈配合分别实现轴向定位和周向定位（3）、确定各段轴的直径将估算轴d=35mm作为外伸端直径d1与联轴器相配（如图），考虑联轴器用轴肩实现轴向定位，取第二段直径为d2=40mm齿轮和左端轴承从左侧装入，考虑装拆方便以及零件固定的要求，装轴处d3应大于d2，取d3=4 5mm，为便于齿轮装拆与齿轮配合处轴径d4应大于d3，取d4=50mm。齿轮左端用用套筒固定,右端用轴环定位,轴环直径d5满足齿轮定位的同时,还应满足右侧轴承的安装要求,根据选定轴承型号确定.右端轴承型号与左端轴承相同,取d6=45mm.(4)选择轴承型号.由[1]P270初选深沟球轴承,代号为6209,查手册可得:轴承宽度B=19,安装尺寸D=52,故轴环直径d5=52mm.(5）确定轴各段直径和长度Ⅰ段：d1=35mm 长度取L1=50mmII段:d2=40mm初选用6209深沟球轴承，其内径为45mm,宽度为19mm.考虑齿轮端面和箱体内壁，轴承端面和箱体内壁应有一定距离。取套筒长为20mm，通过密封盖轴段长应根据密封盖的宽度，并考虑联轴器和箱体外壁应有一定矩离而定，为此，取该段长为55mm，安装齿轮段长度应比轮毂宽度小2mm,故II段长：L2=（2+20+19+55）=96mmIII段直径d3=45mmL3=L1-L=50-2=48mmⅣ段直径d4=50mm长度与右面的套筒相同，即L4=20mmⅤ段直径d5=52mm. 长度L5=19mm由上述轴各段长度可算得轴支承跨距L=96mm(6)按弯矩复合强度计算①求分度圆直径：已知d1=195mm②求转矩：已知T2=③求圆周力：Ft根据课本P127（6-34）式得Ft=2T2/d2=2×④求径向力Fr根据课本P127（6-35）式得Fr=Ft?tanα=×tan200=⑤因为该轴两轴承对称，所以：LA=LB=48mm(1)绘制轴受力简图（如图a）（2）绘制垂直面弯矩图（如图b）轴承支反力：FAY=FBY=Fr/2=由两边对称，知截面C的弯矩也对称。截面C在垂直面弯矩为MC1=FAyL/2=×96÷2=截面C在水平面上弯矩为：MC2=FAZL/2=×96÷2=(4)绘制合弯矩图（如图d）MC=(MC12+MC22)1/2=（)1/2=(5)绘制扭矩图（如图e）转矩：T=×（P2/n2）×106=(6)绘制当量弯矩图（如图f）转矩产生的扭剪文治武功力按脉动循环变化，取α=，截面C处的当量弯矩：Mec=[MC2+(αT)2]1/2=[(×)2]1/2=(7)校核危险截面C的强度由式（6-3）σe=×453=< [σ-1]b=60MPa∴该轴强度足够。主动轴的设计1、选择轴的材料 确定许用应力选轴的材料为45号钢，调质处理。查[2]表13-1可知：σb=650Mpa,σs=360Mpa,查[2]表13-6可知：[σb+1]bb=215Mpa[σ0]bb=102Mpa,[σ-1]bb=60Mpa2、按扭转强度估算轴的最小直径单级齿轮减速器的低速轴为转轴，输出端与联轴器相接，从结构要求考虑，输出端轴径应最小，最小直径为：d≥C查[2]表13-5可得，45钢取C=118则d≥118×()1/3mm=考虑键槽的影响以系列标准，取d=22mm3、齿轮上作用力的计算齿轮所受的转矩：T=×106P/n=×106× N齿轮作用力：圆周力：Ft=2T/d=2×53265/50N=2130N径向力：Fr=Fttan200=2130×tan200=775N确定轴上零件的位置与固定方式单级减速器中，可以将齿轮安排在箱体中央，轴承对称布置在齿轮两边。齿轮靠油环和套筒实现 轴向定位和固定，靠平键和过盈配合实现周向固定，两端轴承靠套筒实现轴向定位，靠过盈配合实现周向固定 ，轴通过两端轴承盖实现轴向定位，4 确定轴的各段直径和长度初选用6206深沟球轴承，其内径为30mm,宽度为16mm.。考虑齿轮端面和箱体内壁，轴承端面与箱体内壁应有一定矩离，则取套筒长为20mm，则该段长36mm，安装齿轮段长度为轮毂宽度为2mm。(2)按弯扭复合强度计算①求分度圆直径：已知d2=50mm②求转矩：已知T=③求圆周力Ft：根据课本P127（6-34）式得Ft=2T3/d2=2×④求径向力Fr根据课本P127（6-35）式得Fr=Ft?tanα=×⑤∵两轴承对称∴LA=LB=50mm(1)求支反力FAX、FBY、FAZ、FBZFAX=FBY=Fr/2=(2) 截面C在垂直面弯矩为MC1=FAxL/2=×100/2=19N?m(3)截面C在水平面弯矩为MC2=FAZL/2=×100/2=(4)计算合成弯矩MC=（MC12+MC22）1/2=（192+）1/2=(5)计算当量弯矩：根据课本P235得α=[MC2+(αT)2]1/2=[(×)2]1/2=(6)校核危险截面C的强度由式（10-3）σe=Mec/（）=(×303)=<[σ-1]b=60Mpa∴此轴强度足够（7） 滚动轴承的选择及校核计算一从动轴上的轴承根据根据条件，轴承预计寿命L'h=10×300×16=48000h(1)由初选的轴承的型号为: 6209,查[1]表14-19可知:d=55mm,外径D=85mm,宽度B=19mm,基本额定动载荷C=, 基本静载荷CO=,查[2]表可知极限转速9000r/min（1）已知nII=(r/min)两轴承径向反力：FR1=FR2=1083N根据课本P265（11-12）得轴承内部轴向力FS= 则FS1=FS2=(2) ∵FS1+Fa=FS2 Fa=0故任意取一端为压紧端，现取1端为压紧端FA1=FS1=682N FA2=FS2=682N(3)求系数x、yFA1/FR1=682N/1038N = =根据课本P265表（14-14）得e=48000h∴预期寿命足够二.主动轴上的轴承:(1)由初选的轴承的型号为:6206查[1]表14-19可知:d=30mm,外径D=62mm,宽度B=16mm,基本额定动载荷C=,基本静载荷CO=,查[2]表可知极限转速13000r/min根据根据条件，轴承预计寿命L'h=10×300×16=48000h（1）已知nI=(r/min)两轴承径向反力：FR1=FR2=1129N根据课本P265（11-12）得轴承内部轴向力FS= 则FS1=FS2=(2) ∵FS1+Fa=FS2 Fa=0故任意取一端为压紧端，现取1端为压紧端FA1=FS1= FA2=FS2=(3)求系数x、yFA1/FR1= = =根据课本P265表（14-14）得e=48000h∴预期寿命足够七、键联接的选择及校核计算1．根据轴径的尺寸，由[1]中表12-6高速轴(主动轴)与V带轮联接的键为：键8×36 GB1096-79大齿轮与轴连接的键为：键 14×45 GB1096-79轴与联轴器的键为：键10×40 GB1096-792．键的强度校核大齿轮与轴上的键 ：键14×45 GB1096-79b×h=14×9,L=45,则Ls=L-b=31mm圆周力：Fr=2TII/d=2×198580/50=挤压强度： =<125~150MPa=[σp]因此挤压强度足够剪切强度： =<120MPa=[ ]因此剪切强度足够键8×36 GB1096-79和键10×40 GB1096-79根据上面的步骤校核，并且符合要求。八、减速器箱体、箱盖及附件的设计计算~1、减速器附件的选择通气器由于在室内使用，选通气器（一次过滤），采用M18×油面指示器选用游标尺M12起吊装置采用箱盖吊耳、箱座吊耳.放油螺塞选用外六角油塞及垫片M18×根据《机械设计基础课程设计》表选择适当型号：起盖螺钉型号：GB/T5780 M18×30,材料Q235高速轴轴承盖上的螺钉：GB5783～86 M8X12,材料Q235低速轴轴承盖上的螺钉：GB5783～86 M8×20,材料Q235螺栓：GB5782～86 M14×100，材料Q235箱体的主要尺寸：：(1)箱座壁厚z=× 取z=8(2)箱盖壁厚z1=× 取z1=8(3)箱盖凸缘厚度b1=×8=12(4)箱座凸缘厚度b=×8=12(5)箱座底凸缘厚度b2=×8=20(6)地脚螺钉直径df =×(取18)(7)地脚螺钉数目n=4 (因为a<250)(8)轴承旁连接螺栓直径d1= =×18= (取14)(9)盖与座连接螺栓直径 d2=()df =× 18= (取10)(10)连接螺栓d2的间距L=150-200(11)轴承端盖螺钉直d3=()df=×18=(取8)(12)检查孔盖螺钉d4=()df=×18= (取6)(13)定位销直径d=()d2=×10=8(14)至外箱壁距离C1(15) (16)凸台高度：根据低速级轴承座外径确定，以便于扳手操作为准。(17)外箱壁至轴承座端面的距离C1＋C2＋（5～10）(18)齿轮顶圆与内箱壁间的距离：＞ mm(19)齿轮端面与内箱壁间的距离：=12 mm(20)箱盖，箱座肋厚：m1=8 mm,m2=8 mm(21)轴承端盖外径∶D＋（5～5．5）d3D～轴承外径(22)轴承旁连接螺栓距离：尽可能靠近，以Md1和Md3 互不干涉为准，一般取S＝D2.九、润滑与密封1.齿轮的润滑采用浸油润滑，由于为单级圆柱齿轮减速器，速度ν<12m/s，当m<20 时，浸油深度h约为1个齿高，但不小于10mm，所以浸油高度约为36mm。2.滚动轴承的润滑由于轴承周向速度为，所以宜开设油沟、飞溅润滑。3.润滑油的选择齿轮与轴承用同种润滑油较为便利，考虑到该装置用于小型设备，选用GB443-89全损耗系统用油L-AN15润滑油。4.密封方法的选取选用凸缘式端盖易于调整，采用闷盖安装骨架式旋转轴唇型密封圈实现密封。密封圈型号按所装配轴的直径确定为轴承盖结构尺寸按用其定位的轴承的外径决定。十、设计小结课程设计体会课程设计都需要刻苦耐劳，努力钻研的精神。对于每一个事物都会有第一次的吧，而没一个第一次似乎都必须经历由感觉困难重重，挫折不断到一步一步克服，可能需要连续几个小时、十几个小时不停的工作进行攻关；最后出成果的瞬间是喜悦、是轻松、是舒了口气！课程设计过程中出现的问题几乎都是过去所学的知识不牢固，许多计算方法、公式都忘光了，要不断的翻资料、看书，和同学们相互探讨。虽然过程很辛苦，有时还会有放弃的念头，但始终坚持下来，完成了设计，而且学到了，应该是补回了许多以前没学好的知识，同时巩固了这些知识，提高了运用所学知识的能力。十一、参考资料目录[1]《机械设计基础课程设计》，高等教育出版社，陈立德主编，2004年7月第2版；[2] 《机械设计基础》，机械工业出版社 胡家秀主编 2007年7月第1版

Wheel gears spreading to move is a the most wide kind of the application spreads to move a form in the modern main advantage BE:The① spreads to move to settle, work than in a moment steady, spread to move accurate credibility, can deliver space arbitrarily sport and the motive of the of two stalks；Power and speed scope② applies are wide；③ spreads to move an efficiency high, =；④ work is dependable, service life long；⑤ Outline size outside the is small, structure tightly wheel gear constituted to；；；from wheel gear, stalk, bearings and box body decelerates a machine, useding for prime mover and work machine or performance organization of, have already matched to turn soon and deliver a function of turning , the application is extremely extensive in the modern machine.⑥ Local deceleration machine much with the wheel gear spread to move, the pole spread to move for lord, but widespread exist power and weight ratio small, or spread to move ratio big but the machine efficiency lead a low are also many weaknesses on material quality and craft level moreover, the especially large deceleration machines problem is more outstanding, the service life isnt deceleration machine of abroad, with Germany, Denmark and Japan be placed in to lead a position, occupying advantage in the material and the manufacturing craft specially, decelerating the machine work credibility like, service life it spreads to move a form to still take settling stalk wheel gear to spread to move as lord, physical volume and weight problem, dont also resolve likeThe direction which decelerates a machine to is the facing big power and spread to move ratio, small physical volume, high machine efficiency and service life to grow greatly nowadays the connecting of machine and electric motor body structure is also the form which expands strongly, and have already produced various structure forms and various products of power model close to ten several in the last yearses, control a technical development because of the modern calculator technique and the number, make the machine process accuracy, process an efficiency to raise consumedly, pushed a machine to spread the diversification of movable property article thus, the mold piece of the whole machine kit turns, standardizing, and shape design the art turn, making product more fine, the beauty a set a machine material in 21 centuries medium, the wheel gear is still a machine to spread a dynamic basic tool machine and the craft technical development, pushed a machine to spread to move structure to fly to develop spreading to move the electronics control, liquid in the system design to press to spread to move, wheel gear, take the mixture of chain to spread to move, will become become soon a box to design in excellent turn to spread to move a combination of academics that is in spread move the design crosses, will become new spread a movable property article the important trend of the character：Reduction gear、 Bearing 、gear 、mechanical drive摘要齿轮传动是现代机械中应用最广的一种传动形式.它的主要优点是：① 瞬时传动比恒定、工作平稳、传动准确可靠，可传递空间任意两轴之间的运动和动力；② 适用的功率和速度范围广；③ 传动效率高，=；④ 工作可靠、使用寿命长；⑤ 外轮廓尺寸小、结构紧凑.由齿轮、轴、轴承及箱体组成的齿轮减速器,用于原动机和工作机或执行机构之间,起匹配转速和传递转矩的作用,在现代机械中应用极为广泛.国内的减速器多以齿轮传动、蜗杆传动为主，但普遍存在着功率与重量比小，或者传动比大而机械效率过低的问题.另外，材料品质和工艺水平上还有许多弱点，特别是大型的减速器问题更突出，使用寿命不长.国外的减速器，以德国、丹麦和日本处于领先地位，特别在材料和制造工艺方面占据优势，减速器工作可靠性好，使用寿命长.但其传动形式仍以定轴齿轮传动为主，体积和重量问题，也未解决好.当今的减速器是向着大功率、大传动比、小体积、高机械效率以及使用寿命长的方向发展.减速器与电动机的连体结构，也是大力开拓的形式，并已生产多种结构形式和多种功率型号的产品.近十几年来,由于近代计算机技术与数控技术的发展，使得机械加工精度，加工效率大大提高，从而推动了机械传动产品的多样化，整机配套的模块化，标准化，以及造型设计艺术化，使产品更加精致，美观化.在21世纪成套机械装备中,齿轮仍然是机械传动的基本部件.CNC机床和工艺技术的发展,推动了机械传动结构的飞速发展.在传动系统设计中的电子控制、液压传动、齿轮、带链的混合传动,将成为变速箱设计中优化传动组合的方向.在传动设计中的学科交叉,将成为新型传动产品发展的重要趋势.关键字：减速器 轴承 齿轮 机械传动SummaryThis time graduate the design to have the contents a to design concerning the machine that decelerate the complets the machine is a kind of from close to move in the rigid wheel gear in the hull is an independent complete organization .Pass thisa design can then the first step controls general simple a set of complete designs step and methods of the time graduate the design to introduce the type function of the deceleration machine and constitute the etc. primarily , made use of learned the knowledge .Such as:Machine graphics ,the metals material craft learns the theories knowledge that business trip learn. In actual production can analysis definitely reach agreement .The general type that decelerate the machine has:The cylinder wheel gear decelerates the machine ,cone wheel gear decelerates the machine ,wheel pole decelerates the machine ,stalk park type decelerates machine ,assembles type decelerate machine ,couplet type decelerate machine ,couplet type decelerate machine .Further educated in this time design independent ability that engineering design, set up the right design thought controls the in common use machine spare parts ,the machine spread to move the device with the simple machine design of method with step ,the consideration that request synthesize usage the request of economic craft etc . make sure the reasonable design project .Key phrase: reducer rigidity technolic components/zeroporatPrecent/project摘要这次毕业设计是由封闭在刚性壳内所有内容的齿轮传动是一独立完整的机构.通过这一次设计可以初步掌握一般简单机械的一套完整的设计及方法，构成减速器的通用零部件.这次毕业设计主要介绍了减速器的类型作用及构成等，全方位的运用所学过知识.如：机械制图，金属材料工艺学公差等以学过的理论知识.在实际生产中得以分析和解决.减速器的一般类型有：圆柱齿轮减速器、圆锥齿轮减速器、齿轮.蜗杆减速器、轴装式减速器、组装式减速器、轴装式减速器、联体式减速器.在这次设计中进一步培养了工程设计的独立能力，树立正确的设计思想掌握常用的机械零件，机械传动装置和简单机械设计的方法和步骤，要求综合的考虑使用经济工艺等方面的要求.确定合理的设计方案.关键词：减速器 刚性 工艺学 零部件 方案Planetary gear reducer gear reducer than the normal small size, light weight, high efficiency and transmission power range, etc, widely applied gradually. At the same time its drawbacks are: material quality, complex, high precision manufacturing, more difficult to install, design complex calculations than the average speed reducer. but on the planet as people drive technology further in-depth understanding and knowledge as well as the introduction of foreign planetary transmission and absorption of technology to drive the structure and contain its way are constantly improving, and continuously improve the level of production technology, can produce a better planetary gear to a general load of gear strength, geometric dimensions of the design calculation, and then to carry out transmission ratio conditions, concentric condition, the assembly conditions, design and calculation of the adjacent conditions, thanks to the number of planetary gear transmission, also must be contained institutions and the design of floating volume gear drive according to the composition of basic enough pieces can be divided into: 2KH, 3K, and KHV are three. If the meshing of gears by the way, can be divided into: NGW-type, NN-based, WW-type, WGW type, NGWN type and N-type and so on. I designed planetary gear is 2KH NGW planetary transmission type.行星轮系减速器较普通齿轮减速器具有体积小、重量轻、效率高及传递功率范围大等优点，逐渐获得广泛应用.同时它的缺点是：材料优质、结构复杂、制造精度要求较高、安装较困难些、设计计算也较一般减速器复杂.但随着人们对行星传动技术进一步的深入地了解和掌握以及对国外行星传动技术的引进和消化吸收，从而使其传动结构和均载方式都不断完善，同时生产工艺水平也不断提高，完全可以制造出较好的行星齿轮传动减速器.根据负载情况进行一般的齿轮强度、几何尺寸的设计计算，然后要进行传动比条件、同心条件、装配条件、相邻条件的设计计算，由于采用的是多个行星轮传动，还必须进行均载机构及浮动量的设计计算.行星齿轮传动根据基本够件的组成情况可分为：2KH、3K、及KHV三种.若按各对齿轮的啮合方式，又可分为：NGW型、NN型、WW型、WGW型、NGWN型和N型等.我所设计的行星齿轮是2KH行星传动NGW型.● What is the ball screw?So that the movement of objects, generally speaking, the movement will need to generate power, directly or indirectly through other organizations to convey to the Department of the final movement. Case of the automobile, gasoline engine, due to the combustion piston to move up and down, and through intermediaries ultimately delivered to the wheels to make it happen rotary 's world, able to represent the mechanical and plant a variety of sports organizations, we can say without exception, have some form of motor conduction institutions. Ball screw is rotary motion into linear motion, or linear motion into rotary motion of the most reasonable product.● ball screw specialties1, compared with the sliding torque of ball screw 1 / 3As the ball screw of the screw shaft and the wire between the mother doing a lot of ball rolling motion, so the movement can get higher efficiency. And compared to the last slide ball screw drive torque to 1 / 3 of the following, that is required to achieve the same results of dynamic movement to use the scroll ball screw 1 / 3. Was helpful in , high precision to ensureBall screw is made in Japan De mechanical device world's highest level of coherence produced, especially in research and cutting, assembly, Jian Chage processes of the factory environment, the temperature • humidity 进行 a strictly controlled quality management Youyuwanshan system so that accuracy can be fully , micro-feed mayAs the ball screw is the use of ball movement, so a very small starting torque, does not appear as a creeping phenomenon of sliding movement can ensure accurate , no backlash, high rigidityBall screw can be added to the pressure, the pressure due to the axial clearance can reach negative values, and then get a higher rigidity (within the ball screw ball through to add to the pressure in actual use mechanical devices, because of ball The repulsion can increase the rigidity of the Department of silk mother).5, high-speed feed mayBall screw, sport, high efficiency, small heat, so can achieve high-speed feed (Sports).●滚珠丝杠副是什么?使物体运动时，一般来讲需要将动力产生的运动直接或通过其他机构间接地传达到最终运动部。以汽车为例，在发动机内由于汽油的燃烧使活塞上下移动，再通过中间机构最终传递到车轮使之发生回转运动。当今世界中，能代表机械的、有各种运动机构的装置，可以说无一不是具有某种形式的运动传导机构。滚珠丝杠副是将回转运动转化为直线运动，或将直线运动转化为回转运动的最合理的产品。●滚珠丝杠副的特长1、与滑动丝杠副相比驱动力矩为1/3由于滚珠丝杠副的丝杠轴与丝母之间有很多滚珠在做滚动运动，所以能得到较高的运动效率。与过去的滑动丝杠副相比驱动力矩达到1/3以下，即达到同样运动结果所需的动力为使用滚动丝杠副的1/3。在省电方面很有帮助。2、高精度的保证滚珠丝杠副是用日本制造的世界最高水平的机械设备连贯生产出来的，特别是在研削、组装、检查各工序的工厂环境方面，对温度•湿度进行了严格的控制，由于完善的品质管理体制使精度得以充分保证。3、微进给可能滚珠丝杠副由于是利用滚珠运动，所以启动力矩极小，不会出现滑动运动那样的爬行现象，能保证实现精确的微进给。4、无侧隙、刚性高滚珠丝杠副可以加予压，由于予压力可使轴向间隙达到负值，进而得到较高的刚性（滚珠丝杠内通过给滚珠加予压力，在实际用于机械装置等时，由于滚珠的斥力可使丝母部的刚性增强）。5、高速进给可能滚珠丝杠副由于运动效率高、发热小、所以可实现高速进给（运动）。