毕业论文谈俗语的翻译

Abstract: Li Qingzhao and Zhu Shu Zhen are a Song pronoun two exotic flowers on the altar. Mild woman in boudoir is very fond of but drinking on two , they drink wine admiring the beauty of flowers , recite poems doing tax, can be termed like this , "the woman does not give way to a man ". The article is complied with mainly drinking word this one angle develops comparison , show their true emotion world and unique life go through , announce to two people then on the word creation to contribution made by Chinese literature.仔细看下吧。希望帮到你了。

[摘要]汉语歇后语是中华语言的奇葩，反映了汉族独特的民族文化。文章探讨了歇后语的英译名，从修辞方面对歇后语进行了分型，分两部分探讨了歇后语的翻译方法。

[关键词]歇后语 类型 翻译

一、歇后语的英译名

汉语中的歇后语是人民群众在生活实践中创造的一种特殊语言形式，生动形象、诙谐幽默，为广大群众所喜闻乐见。其结构形式为汉语所独有，其内容反映了汉族丰富独特的民族文化，具有极强的民族性。

对“歇后语”一词的翻译，有几种观点。罗胜豪教授翻译为“Chineseenigmatic folk similes”[1]，这一译法的缺点是歇后语中不全是比喻，也有谐音或双关式歇后语。有人翻译为“quiz-cracks”(隐语或谜语)，同样也不全面。于是有人提议直接翻译为“xiehouyu in Chinese”，这倒是有一定的可借鉴性。但是，追根溯源，歇后语最早是文人之间的一种文字游戏，最早叫做“俏皮话”，因此，有人据此大胆翻译为Chinese folk wisecracks[2]。

二、歇后语的类型

汉语歇后语一般由前后两部分构成，前半部分是形象的比喻，像谜面，后半部分是注解说明，像谜底，十分自然贴切。玄妙的是，我们在这个比喻里面通常只能找到喻体(前半句)，本体并不出现，其前后两部分属于“引子”和“注释”的关系，简称为“引注关系”，这是歇后语的典型特征[3]。

从修辞的角度，歇后语分为两大类，即：纯比喻式歇后语和比喻双关式歇后语。

纯比喻式歇后语的上下文所描写的事物有相通之处，前面是一个比喻，后面则是喻意。比如：狗咬吕洞宾———不识好人心，黄鼠狼给鸡拜年———不怀好意，天上的云———无拘无束，八仙过海———各显神通等等。其所包含的喻体常涉及到一些脍炙人口的典故。

比喻双关式歇后语也包含比喻，同时包含双关。它运用谐音或词语语义上的双关，通过联想来表达意义，其语言效果要通过联想来实现。

此类歇后语的数量较少，比如，孔夫子搬家———净是输(书)(谐音双关)，章鱼的肚子———有墨水(语意相关)等等。和纯比喻式歇后语相比，这类歇后语较为曲折，常能使人恍然大悟，谐趣顿生。

需要指出的是，一些常见的歇后语因为人们大多知道其后半部分的词句，也可以仅用前半部分，而第二部分不出现。如：这事八字还没有一撇呢等等。

三、纯比喻性歇后语的翻译方法

(一)直译法

对大多数喻义歇后语，由于比喻部分生动形象，喻意部分逻辑推理合乎情理，且不包含一词两义的双关或谐音，通常采用直译法，既传达源语的内容，又维持源语的形象，便于读者阅读和欣赏。例如：瞎子点灯———白费蜡。It is as useless as a blind man lighting a can-dle.

黄鼠狼给鸡拜年———不怀好意。A weasel wishing Happy NewYearto a chicken harbors no good intention.

肉包子打狗———有去无回。To chase a dog by throwing meatdumplings at it———you never expect it to return.

竹篮打水———一场空。Like ladling water with a wicker basket-all isempty.

八仙过海———各显其能。The Eight Immortals crossing the sea-eachshowing his or her special prowess.(Each of them shows their true worth.)(二)套译法也叫套用法或借用法，是歇后语翻译中常见的方法。当在英汉翻译中无法保留原语中的形象时，可以套用译语读者所熟悉的形象，使译文更容易为译语读者所接受，也能达到语义对等的效果。例如：梅香拜把子———都是奴才。We’re all birds of a feather–all slaveshere.

(Note:“梅香”refers to any maid servants in the old society;and“拜把子”refers to a Chinese traditional etiquette,which means the persons are nowbrothers or sister in low)

四、谐音谐意双关式歇后语的翻译方法

对于谐音或双关式歇后语，正如前面所言，是翻译中的难点。笔者认为，歇后语尽管是汉语中独特的语言现象，有着丰富的文化意蕴，尤其是谐音及双关式歇后语涉及多种修辞，可以成为翻译的障碍;但是，人类思维的共性使得操不同语言的民族间可以对话，只要交际成为可能，翻译就能够实现。这是翻译———包括笔头的和口头的翻译实现的理论基础。

著名翻译理论家尤金·奈达认为，翻译即是在译入语中用最贴切和最自然的语言再现原文的信息，实现翻译的功能对等。语言是文化的载体，在异域语言的传译中不可避免会有文化的偏离乃至缺失，如要做到功能的对等，最大限度地减少信息的损耗，就需要对所缺失的部分进行补偿。所谓补偿，就是以目的语手段为主，辅之以符合目的语规约和规范的其他手段，根据文本类型和翻译目的对翻译过程中潜在的或发生的损失进行修复和弥补。作为俗语的一种，歇后语中的大量文化信息更容易流失，所以需要译者综观权衡的前提进行补偿，才能够让读者更加容易地理解和接受。笔者分析了数百条双关式歇后语及其英译后，总结了以下方法：

(一)直译加注法

歇后语的`前半部分是一个容易让译语读者理解的比喻，采用直译;半部分包含了谐音或是语义双关，采用加注的方法译之。例如：咸菜烧豆腐———有盐在先(有言在先)。

Salted vegetables with bean curd—there is salt at the beginning,(pun)there are words beforehand.(Note:In this expression,“言”(words)and“盐”(salt)are homophones in Chinese.)三十晚上贴“福”字———倒着贴Putting up the character”fu”on the New Year’s Eve———putted upsidedown.(Note:This refers to the traditional Chinese custom of putting up thecharacter“福”upside down to impl“y福到了”,which means your good luckhas arrived.)

(二)意译法

对于某些采用双关手法的歇后语，不论是谐音还是谐意，都可采用解释性意译的翻译方法。保留原来的文化色彩，并加上简要的解释说明以突出其形象性。例如：牛角抹油———又尖(奸)又滑(猾)Spreading oil on an ox horn———to make it sharper and more slippery orcunning and treacherous.

原歇后语涉及到两组谐音词，该句的翻译只是在句子中略作解释，加上了cunning和treacherous两个单词，就形象的说明了某人的性格。

擀面杖吹火———一窍不通Arollingpin used as a bellows—nogood atall.

擀面杖是中国传统炊具，因由实木做成所以不可能有窍，该句用于比喻某人对事物一无所知。该歇后语涉及到语义的双关，“一窍不通”既是对擀面杖的描摹，又是对人的一种比喻，翻译的处理“nogood at all”，可以说把握住了这个比喻的精神内核，言简意赅，是非常成功的译例。

参考文献

[1]郭建中.汉语歇后语翻译的理论与实践———兼谈《汉英歇后语词典》[J].中国翻译,1996,(2).

[2]韩庆果“.歇后语”一词的英译名及歇后语翻译初探[J].外语与外语教学,2002,(2).

[3]夏雪峰.歇后语的风格色彩[J].龙岩师专学报,2004,(2).

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I'll be yours through all the years, till the end of time. 请告诉我你是我的。岁岁年年，我都属于你，永远永远。 Love is a fire which burns unseen. 爱情是无形燃烧的火焰。 I feel happy at times we have had angry words but these have been kissed away. 我们生气争执时，爱的双唇把它们吻得无影无踪，我的心也顿觉甜蜜。 You cannot appreciate happiness unless you have known sadness too. 不知道什么是忧伤，就不会真正感激幸福。 But if the while I think on thee, dear friend, all losses are restored, and sorrows end. 只要我一想起你，亲爱的人，所有的失落和遗憾烟消云散. A light heart lives long .( William Shakespeare , British dramatist ) 豁达者长寿。 (英国剧作家 莎士比亚. W.) Early to bed and early to rise , makes a man healthy , wealthy and wise .(Benjamin Franklin , American president ) 早睡早起会使人健康、富有和聪明。 (美国总统 富兰克林. B.) Sloth , like rust , consumes faster than labor wears .(Benjamin Franklin , American president) 懒惰像生锈一样，比操劳更能消耗身体。 (美国总统 富兰克林. B.) The first wealth is health .( Ralph Waldo Emerson , American thinker ) 健康是人生第一财富。 (美国思想家 爱默生. R. W.) All is but lip-wisdom that wants experience. (Philip Sideney, British satesman) 凡是没有实际经验的，都只是口头智慧。(英国政治家 锡得尼 D .) Expericence is a hard teacher because she gives the test first, the lesson afterwards. (Law Vernon, British writer) 经验是一位先行测试然后才授课严厉的教师。(英国作家 弗农. L.) Experience is not interesting till it begins to repeat itself, in fact, till it does that ,it hardly is experience. (Elizabeth Bowen, British novelist) 经验直到自我重复时才变得有意义，事实上，直到那时才算得上经验。(英国小说家 鲍恩 E.) Expericence is not what happens to a man; it is what a man does with what happens to him. (Aldous Leonard Huxley, American writer) 经验不会从天而降；经验只有通过实践才能获得。(美国作家 郝胥黎..) Experience is the child of thought , and thought is the child of action. We cannot learn men from books. (Benjamin Disraeli, British statesman) 经验是思想之子，思想是行动之子，了解他人不可以书本为据。(英国政治家 迪斯雷利 B .) Experience is the na me give their mistakes. (Oscar Wilde, British playwriter and poet) 经验是每个人为其错误寻找的代名词。(英国剧作家、诗人 王尔德 O.) Experience is what you get when you don’t get what you want. (Dan Stanfort, American brsinessman) 经验是当你没得到想得到之物时所得到的东西。(美国实业家 斯坦福。D.) Expreience keeps a dear school, yet fools will learn in no other. (Benjamin Franklin, Americna president) 经验始终是收费高的学校，然而，笨汉非进此学校不可。(美国总统 富兰克林 B ) Experience more than sufficiently teaches that men govern nothing with more difficulty than their tongues. (Bendict de spinoza, Dutch philosopher) 经验给我们太多的教训，告诉我们人类最难管制 的东西，莫过于自己的舌头。(荷兰哲学家 斯宾诺沙 B) Experience never misleads; what you are missed by is only your judgement, and this misleads you by anticipating results from experience of a kind that is not produced by your experements. (Leonardo Da Vinci, Italian painter) 经验永远不会对你做错误的引导；把你引导错的只是你自己的判断，而你的判断之所以对你发生误导的作用，乃是由于它根据那种并非借着实验而产生的经验来预料的结果。(意大利画家 达芬奇) Experience without learning is better than learning without excperi-ence. (Bertuand Russell, British philosopher and mathematician) 有经验而无学问胜于有学问而无经验。(英国哲学家、数学家 罗素.B.) I have but one lamp wait which my feet are guided; and that is the lamp of experience. I know of no way of judging of the future but by the past. (Patrick Henry, Americna statesman) 我只拿一盏灯来指引我的脚步，而那盏灯就是经验，对于未来，我只是能以过去来判断。(美国政治家 享利.P.) Mistakes are an essential part of education. (Bertrand Russell, Bdritish philosopher) 从错误中吸取教训是教育极为重要的一部分。(英国哲学家 罗素 . B .) Neither beliver nor reject anything, because any other person has rejected of believed it. Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error, Use it. (Thomas Jefferson, American president) 不要因为别的人相信或否定了什么东西，你也就去相信它或否定它。上帝赠予你一个用来判断真理和谬误的头脑。那你就去运用它吧/ (美国总统 杰斐逊 .T.) One thorn of experience is worth a whole wilderness of warning. (James Russell Lowell, British Poet and critic) 一次痛苦的经验抵得上千百次的告诫。(英国诗人、批评家 洛威尔 .J. R .) Practical wisdom is only to be learned in the school of experience. (Samuel Smiles, British writer) 实用的知识只有通过亲身体验才能学到。(英国作家 斯迈尔斯 . S .) Proverbs are short sentences drawn from long experience. (Miguel de Cervantes, Spanish writer) 谚语是从长期经验中获得的短句。(班牙作家 塞万提斯.M.) The tragedy of the world is that those who are imaginative have but slight experience, and those who are experienced have feeble imaginations. (Alfred North Whitehead, British philosopher and nathematician) 世界的悲剧就在于有想象力又缺乏经验，而有经验的人又缺乏想象力。(英国哲学家、数学家 怀特海 .A . N.) The great difficulty in education is to get experience out of ideas. (Grorge Santayana, Spain-born American philosopher and poet) 教育之艰苦在于从意念中获得经验。(西班牙裔美国哲学家、诗人 桑塔亚那.G.) The greatest lesson in life is to know that even fools are right sometimes. (Winston Churchill. British statesman) 傻瓜有时候也是对的。(英国政治家 丘吉尔 .W.) To make good use of life one should have in youth the experience of advanced years, and in old age the vigor of youth. (Stanislars I, Polish king) 青年而有老年之经验，老年而有青年之朝气，就能使人生发挥更大的作用。(波兰国王 斯坦尼劳斯一世) To most men , experience is like the stern light of a ship which il-luminates only the track it has passed. (Samuel Tylor Coleridge, British poet) 对于大多数人，经验像是一艘船上的尾灯，只照亮船驶过的航道。(英国诗人 柯勒津治. S .T .) Too much experience is a dangerous thing. (Oscar Wilde, British dramatist) 经验过多反而危险。(英国剧作家 王尔德 . O.) We know nothing of what will happen in future , but by the analogy of past experience. (Abraham Lincoln , American president) 除了凭着对过去的经验加以类推之外，我们对今后的事一无所知。(美国总统 林肯 . A .) Absence to love is what wind is to fire. It extinguishes the small; it inflames the great. (Roger de Bussy-Rabutin, French writer) 离别之于爱情好比风之于火，它能将小火熄灭，使大火熊熊燃烧。(法国作家 比西-拉比旦.R.) Every man is a poet when he is in love. (Plato ancient Creek philosopher) 每个恋爱中的人都是诗人。(古希腊哲学家 柏拉图) First love is only a little foolishness and a lot of curiosity. (George Bernard Shaw) 初恋就是一点点笨拙外加许许多多好奇。(英国剧作家 肖伯纳.G) Friendship is like earthenware: once broken, it can be mended; love is like a mirror: once broken, that ends it. (Josh Billings. American humorist) 友谊就像陶器，破了可以修补；爱情好比镜子，一旦打破就难重圆。(美国幽默作家 比林斯 .J.) Friendship is love without his wings. (George Gordon Byron, Bdritish poet) 友谊是没有羽翼的爱。(英国诗人 拜伦.G,G) Gravitation is not responsible for people falling in love. (Albert Einstein, American scientist) 并非地球引力使人坠入爱河。(美国科学家) The greater the power, the more dangerous the abuse. (Burke Edmund, British statesman) 权力越大，滥用职权的危险就越大。(英国政治家 埃德蒙.B.) The greatest of evils and the worst of crims is poverty. (George Bernard Shaw, British dramatist) 最大的恶和最凶的罪是贫穷。(英国剧作家 肖伯纳.G.)