有关环保英文研究论文

Protection of the Environment Once man did not have to think about the protection of his environment. There were few people on the earth, and natural resources seemed to be unlimited. Today things are different. The world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources,and polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive. We realize that if too many fish are taken from the sea, there will soon be none left. Yet,with modern fishing methods, more and more fish are know that if too many trees are cut down, forests will disappear. Yet, we continue to use powerful machines to cut down more and more trees. We see that if rivers are polluted with waste products, we will die. Yet, waste products are still put into rivers. We know that if the population continues to rise at the present rate, in a few years, there won’t be enough can we do to solve these problems? If we eat more vegetables and less meat, there will be more food available. Land for crops feeds five times more people than land where animals are kept. Our natural resources will last longer if we learn to recycie them. The world population will not rise so quickly if people use modern methods of birth control. Finally, if we educate people to think about the problems we shall have a better and cleaner planet in the future. 保护环境 过去，人们不必担心保护环境的问题。因为那时地球上人口稀少，自然资源似乎取之不尽。 如今，一切都改变了。世界变得拥挤异常。我们正在耗尽我们的自然资源，有毒化学制品的使用也正污染着环境。如果我们继续这样下去，地球上的生命将不复存在。 我们都知道如果从海里捕捉太多的鱼，海里就不会再有鱼了。但是，现代化的捕鱼技术使得捕鱼量越来越大。我们都知道如果砍伐太多的树木，森林就会消失。但是，我 们仍旧使用强大的机械砍伐越来越多的树木。我们都知道如果河水被废弃物污染的话，我们只有死路一条。但是废弃物仍然源源不断地进入河里 我们知道，人口继续照现在这个速度增长的话，不出几年，就会发生食物短缺。我们该如何解决这些问题呢? 如果我们多吃蔬菜，少吃肉类的话，我们就会有更多的食物。因为同样大小的土地如果种庄稼的话会比养殖动物多养活五倍多的人。 如果我们学会再利用的话，自然资源就能持续更久。 如果人们使用现代化的生育控制方法，世界人口就不会增长如此迅猛。 最后，如果我们能够教育人们都意识到这些问题的话，未来我们就会有一个更好、更洁净的星球。

Environment(环境) The environment is everything around us,for example,air,water,animals,plants,buildings and so all affect us in many ways and are closely related to our can't live without the needs to breathe air,drink water and eat food every burn coal to keep warm,and we use wood to make a result,we become part of the environment.环境围绕在我们身边,例如:空气,水,动物,建筑等等.它们从各个方面影响着我们的生活,与我们的生活密切相关,人们离开环境就无法生存.每人每天都要呼吸,喝水和吃东西.我们烧煤取暖,用木材造纸.结果,我们也成为环境的一部分. The environment has been getting worse and worse for many have been upgrading our living standard,meanwhile the envirinment has been from factory chimneys pollutes the and engines make noises that annoy us are homeless because the forests are decreasing every are crowded with people and environment is the most important things,but it is becoming painful for us to live in it it's time to solve those problems.很多年以来,环境日益恶化.我们在提高生活水平的同时,也在导致环境污染.从工厂烟囱里冒出的烟污染空气;机器和引擎经常发出恼人的噪音.因为森林每分钟都在减少,使动物们无家可归.街道上挤满了人和车辆.环境在我们生活中是最重要的.但是现在它已经让人们讨厌.所以该是解决这些问题的时候了. Fortuantely,it isn't too late to correct our are coming to realize the importance of the have begun to try our best to improve are being made dealing with air,water and noise river will be bright,the sky will be clear,the flowers will be beautiful,and the sunbeam will be dazzling and believe that we will be able to save our environment and live in a better world.幸运的是现在纠正错误还不晚.人们正意识到环境的重要性.我们已经开始尽全力改善环境.法律也开始涉及到空气,水和噪音等污染问题.将来,河流会更清澈,天空会更晴朗,花朵会更鲜艳,阳光会更灿烂,更温暖.保护环境会使我们生活在一个更加美好的世界中.世界水资源的缺乏World Water Shortage A new study warns that about thirty percent of the world's people may not have enough water by the year 2025. 一项新的研究结果提出警告：到2025年，世界上将有30%的人没有足够的水饮用。 A private American organization called Population Action International did the new study. It says more than three-hundred-thirty-five-million people lack enough water now. The people live in twenty-eight countries. Most of the countries are in Africa or the Middle East. 这项研究是由美国一家名叫“人口行动”的私立机构进行的。报告说现在世界上有三亿三千五百万人没有足够的水。这些人主要分布在非洲或中东的28个国家。 P-A-I researcher Robert Engelman says by the year 2025, about three-thousand-million people may lack water. At least 18 more countries are expected to have severe water problems. The demand for water keeps increasing. Yet the amount of water on Earth stays the same. 人口行动组织的研究人罗博特.安格曼说，到2025年大约三十亿人缺水。至少还有其他18个国家将可能面临同样严重的水短缺问题。人类对水的需求不断上升，但地球上水的还是保持不变。 Mr. Engelman says the population in countries that lack water is growing faster than in other parts of the world. He says population growth in these countries will continue to increase. 安格曼先生说，水短缺的国家的人口增长率要高于世界其他地区的人口增长率。他还说这些国家的人口出生率将持续增长。 The report says lack of water in the future may result in several problems. It may increase health problems. Lack of water often means drinking waters not safe. Mr. Engelman says there are problems all over the world because of diseases, such as cholera, which are carried in water. Lack of water may also result in more international conflict. Countries may have to compete for water in the future. Some countries now get sixty percent of their fresh water from other countries. This is true of Egypt, the Netherlands, Cambodia, Syria, Sudan, and Iraq. And the report says lack of water would affect the ability of developing to improve their economies. This is because new industries often need a large amount of water when they are beginning. 报告表明，在未来，水资源的缺乏可能会导致一些严重的后果。首先它可能会产生更多的健康问题。水资源的缺乏就意味着饮用水不再有保障。安格曼先生说，诸如霍乱等在水中传播的疾病会使世界出现许多问题。水缺乏也会引起更多的国际纷争。各国可能由于水而发动战争。现在有些国家，例如埃及，荷兰，柬埔寨，叙利亚，苏丹和伊拉克等，60%的纯净水是从国外进口的。报告认为水缺乏将影响发展国家发展经济的能力。这是因为新工业在开始阶段经常需要大量的水。 The Population Action International study gives several solutions to the water problem. One way, it says, is to find ways to use water for more than one purpose. Another way is to teach people to be careful not to waste water. A third way is to use less water of agriculture. 人口行动组织的研究报告为世界的水短缺问题提出了几个解决的办法。第一，找到多用途的用水方法。第二，教育人们不要浪费水资源。第三就是少用农业水。 The report also says long-term solutions to the water problem must include controls on population growth. It says countries cannot provide clean water unless they slow population growth by limiting the number of children people have. 报告同时表明，控制人口增长是长远解决水缺乏问题不可缺少的措施之一。它说除非各国能通过限制生育来降低人口的增长，否则它们不可能提供干净的水。 Global warming a bigger threat to poor全球变暖加剧贫穷 气候变化急待控制 Global warming, modelled on computer here, kills more people than terrorism Global warming threatens to reverse human progress, and make unachievable all UN targets to reduce poverty(联合国所有减少贫穷的目标), according to some of the world's leading international and development groups. In a report published today, Oxfam, Greenpeace, Christian Aid, Friends of the Earth, WWF(英国牛津救济委员会、“绿色和平”组织、基督徒互援会、“地球之友”组织、世界野生动物基金组织) and 15 other groups say rich governments must immediately address(致力于) climate change to avoid even "obscene levels(无法忍受的程度)" of worldwide poverty. "Food production, water supplies, public health and people's livelihoods are already being damaged and undermined," the report says. "There is no either/or approach possible(想找一个‘非此即彼'的办法是不可能的). The world must meet its commitments to achieve poverty reduction and also tackle climate change. The two are inextricably linked(二者的联系是难解难分的)." The report, which draws on UN predictions of the effects of climate change in poor countries over the next 50 years, says poor countries will experience more flooding, declining food production, more disease and the deterioration or extinction of entire ecosystems(整个生态系统的退化甚至消失) on which many of the world's poorest people depend. "Climate change needs to be addressed now. The poor will bear the brunt of the impacts. The frontline experience of many of us working in international development indicates that communities are having to combat more extreme weather conditions." Climate change will play havoc（大范围的破坏；浩劫） with agriculture and water supplies and will increase diseases. "By 2025 the proportion of the world's population living in countries of significant water stress will almost double, to 6 billion people. Tropical and sub-tropical areas will be hardest hit - those countries already suffering from food insecurity(食品短缺)". Poor communities mostly do not need hi-tech solutions, but would most benefit from education, research and being shown how to farm better. The report says unchecked global warming(尚未得到抑制的全球变暖), more than wars or political upheaval(政变), will displace millions of people and destabilise many countries.参考资料：[英文荟萃网]祝你新年快乐！o(∩_∩)o...

Nowadays the problems about environment become more and more serious. There are so many pollutions and natural disasters in the world, and they all have the unpredictable effect. More and more factories function, follow that also have some water pollutions, air pollutions. As for the special air can make holes in the ozone layer, destroy the atmosphere as well. Flood, desert, dry, such the disasters like those probably will be happen in next time. Therefore in that time as hard as we can to save the earth is the most important thing to do

There are still many problems of environmental protection in recent years. One of the most serious problems is the serious pollution of air, water and soil. the polluted air does great harm to people’s health. The polluted water causes diseases and death. What is more, vegetation had been greatly reduced with the rapid growth of modern cities. To protect the environment, governments of many countries have done a lot. Legislative steps have been introduced to control air pollution, to protect the forest and sea resources and to stop any environmental pollution. Therefore, governments are playing the most important role in the environmental protection today. In my opinion, to protect environment, the government must take even more concrete measures. First, it should let people fully realize the importance of environmental protection through education. Second, much more efforts should be made to put the population planning policy into practice, because more people means more people means more pollution. Finally, those who destroy the environment intentionally should be severely punished. We should let them know that destroying environment means destroying mankind themselves. 保护环境 目前环保还存在着许多问题。最严重的问题就是空气、水和土壤的严重污染。污染的空气对人类的健康十分有害。污染的水引起疼病，造成死亡。更有甚者，随着现代社会的迅速扩建，植被大大的减少。 为了保护环境，各国政府做了大量的工作。采用了立法措施控制大气污染，保护森林资源和海洋资源，制止任何环境污染。因此，在当今的环保中政府起着最重要的作用。 我的看法是，为了保护环境，政府应当采取更具体的措施。首先，应当通过教育的方法使人们充分謒到环境保护的重要性。第二，应更加努力把计划生育政策付诸实施，因为人口多就意味着污染严重。最后，要严惩那些故意破坏环境者。使他们破坏环境就是毁灭人类自己。

I will be sixteen years old when 2008 Olympic being held in Beijing. I have many dreams about it, I want to be a translator to work for foreign athletes. I want to be a guider to show Beijing to foreign visitors. I also want to be a athlete to win honor for China. I want to be… But as a pupil, what can I do for it now? First, I should make Beijing’s environment to grow better, I can save water, electricity and paper, place garbage by classifying it, actively spread the knowledge of environmental protection. Second, I should enhance my ethic , safeguard the nation’s honor and take good care of public facilities. Third, I should work hard for my lessons, especially in English. Fourth, I should do exercises every day to improve my health. I am proud of a Chinese. I hope my country to be much stronger. I look forward to 2008, I will say to the world aloud: Welcome to Beijing. 我能为2008北京奥运做什么？ 等到2008北京奥运举行的时候我就16岁了。我怀着很多的梦想，我想为外国运动员做个翻译员。也想为外国游客做个导游展示北京。也想成为一个运动员为中国赢得荣获。我还想.... 但是做为一名小学生，我现在能为奥运做些什么呢？首先，我应该让我们北京的环境变得更好，我可以节约用水、电和纸，按类放置垃圾，积极传播环保知识。其次，我应提高道德修养，捍卫民族尊严，爱护公物。第三，我应努力学习，特别是英语。第四，每天坚持锤炼，使身体健康。 我为我是中国人而骄傲。我希望我们国家更加强大。我期望2008 年, 对世界大声将说: 欢迎光临北京。 How Much Nature Is Enough? By Andrew Even some ardent conservationists acknowledge that the diversity of life on Earth cannot be fully sustained as human populations expand� use more resources� nudge the climate and move weedlike pests and predators from place to place. Given that some losses are inevitable� the debate among many experts has shifted to an uncomfortable subject� what level of loss is acceptable. The discussion is taking place at both the local and global levels� How small can a fragment of an ecosystem be and still function in all its richness� and thus be considered preserved？ And as global biodiversity diminishes� is it a valid fallback strategy to bank organisms and genes in zoos� DNA banks or the like� or does this simply justify more habitat destruction？ Is nature on ice a sufficient substitute for the real thing？ Some conservation groups have strenuously avoided or even attacked such calculations and strategies. They say there is no safe diminution of habitat as long as human understanding of ecology is as sketchy as it is� a fallback strategy is unthinkable. Furthermore� banking nature in a deep freeze or database of gene sequences cannot capture context. For instance� even if a vanished bird was someday reconstituted from its genes� would it warble with the same fluency as its ancestors？ On the other side of the debate� those considering what the smallest viable habitats are or how to expand archives as an insurance policy say that recent trends have proved that old conservation strategies are no longer sufficient. A few decades ago� the issue seemed fairly uncomplicated� identify biological “hot spots” or species of concern and establish as many reserves as possible. But the picture has grown murky. Twenty�four years ago� Dr. Thomas E. Lovejoy and other biologists began a remarkable experiment on the fast�eroding fringe of rain forest near the Brazilian city of Manaus. They established 11 forest tracts� ranging from to 250 acres� each surrounded by an isolating sea of pasture similar to what is advancing around most other tropical forests. Among the many findings� an analysis published last week on birds in the lower layers of greenery found that it would take a fragment measuring at least 2�500 acres—10 times as large as the biggest one in the experiment—to prevent a decline of 50 percent in those bird varieties in just 15 years or so. In the understated language of science� the new study� in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences� concludes� “This is unfortunate when one considers that for some species�rich areas of the planet� a large proportion of remaining forest is in fragments smaller than 2�500 acres.” In the face of this and other evidence� a growing group of conservation biologists say� try everything� at the same time. “Clearly� the most effective way to protect biodiversity is to protect natural areas�” said Dr. Peter H. Raven� the director of the Missouri Botanical Garden� “and to find those organisms most endangered in nature and somehow protect them in type�culture collections� botanical gardens� zoos� seed banks or whatever.” But most important� he said� is to find ways to limit human pressures on the world’s last wild places by slowing population growth and using resources more efficiently. One pioneer of genetic deconstruction� Dr. J. Craig Venter� agrees with Dr. Raven. Dr. Venter has moved from sequencing the DNA of humans and other species to assaying genes in entire ecosystems� most recently the waters of the �Sargasso Sea. In five 50�gallon samples gathered in February� he said� his team had found 1 million distinct genes� quite a haul compared with the 26�000 or so of a human being. And that is the tiniest scratch in the surface� he added. His is one effort among many. Britain has a Millennium Seed Bank� a growing archive of all the country’s plants. The San Diego Zoo has its parallel Frozen Zoo� an archive of thousands of DNA samples and cell lines from a host of species. Nonetheless� given the overwhelming complexity of nature� Dr. Venter added� “we’re better off trying to preserve the diversity of what we have rather than trying to regenerate it in the future.” 环保的困境：自然要多大才足够？ 连一些积极的自然资源保护论者都承认，随着人口的膨胀、消耗更多的自然资源、引起气候的变化，以及造成大量害虫和捕食动物的迁移等，地球上的生物多样性肯定不会完全地持续下去。 许多专家的争论焦点已经转到了一个令人不安的话题，假使一些损失是不可避免的，多大程度的损失是可以容忍的呢？关于这个问题的辩论在局部和全球范围两个层面上同时展开：生态系统的一小部分可以小到何种程度仍能维持其完整、丰富的功能，从而可以认为是受到了保护呢？在全球生物多样性减少的过程中，把生物有机体和基因保存在诸如动物园、基因库之类的地方是一种有效的保全策略吗？或者这样做仅仅为更多的(动、植物)栖息地的破坏提供了借口？冷藏的自然能够充分地代替真正的自然吗？一些自然资源保护组织一直极力避开甚至反对这样的推论和策略。他们说，只要人类对生态系统的认识还是一知半解的，那就不存在对栖息地的安全缩小；因此也就谈不上什么保险策略了。更何况，把自然生态深冻起来或者将其存入基因序列数据库并不能保存与其相关的背景。比如，就算一只灭绝的鸟儿某一天被人们从它的基因中重新组合出来，它的啁啾声能像其先辈们一样婉转动听吗？另一方面，寻求最小可行栖地的人们或试图扩大现有档案库作为一种保全策略的人们则说，最近的趋势已经表明，旧的保护策略不再够用了。几十年之前，问题似乎还不是那么复杂：只要确认出那些受到威胁的生态地区或者令人担忧的物种，然后建立尽可能多的保护区就是了。然而，目前这个状况已经变得模糊起来。 24年以前，托马斯•E•洛夫乔伊博士和其他一些生物学家在巴西马瑙斯市附近遭受快速侵蚀的热带雨林地区边缘开始了一项备受瞩目的实验。他们建立了11块森林试验区，面积大小从英亩到250英亩不等，每一块都被一片分割开来的广袤草场包围起来，这些草场与正在向大多数其他热带雨林周边推进的草场相类似。在大量的调查结果中，上周出版的一篇关于生活在绿地较低层的鸟类的分析报告发现，至少需要一块2500英亩的森林区域——相当于实验中划出来的最大的一块试验区的10倍——才能防止那些鸟类的品种在仅仅15年左右的时间里减少50%。 《美国国家科学院学报》上新刊登的一篇专题研究论文用毫不夸张的科学语言总结道：“当你考虑到在地球上一些物种资源丰富的地区，留存下来的森林中一大部分是小于2500英亩的分散小块时，这是多么不幸。” 面对这些情况和其他证据，愈来愈多的自然资源保护生物学家说：应该同时尝试所有可行的办法。�美国 密苏里州植物园园长彼得•H•雷文博士说：“显然，最有效的保护生物多样性的方法是保护自然栖息地，同时，还要找出那些自然界中最为濒危的物种，用某种方法把它们保护起来，比如，把它们放入物种培育采集库、植物园、动物园、种子银行等诸如此类的地方。”他说，但最为重要的是通过减缓人口增长和更有效地利用资源找到减少人类对世界最后原始生态地区的压力的方法。遗传解构学的先驱之一，J•克雷格•文特尔博士同意这一看法。文特尔博士从对人类和其他物种的DNA基因排序的研究转到了对整个生态系统的基因分析，最近开始了对马尾藻海海水的研究。他说，他的小组在2月份(指2003年2月份——译者)收集的5份50加仑的样本中发现了上百万种不同的基因类型，这与人类个体具有的约26000种基因相比实在是太多了。他补充说，这不过才触及到皮毛而已。他所做的只是许多努力中的一部分。英国有一个“千禧年种子银行”。它不断扩大，收藏了该国所有植物。(美国)圣地亚哥动物园有一座与其相应的“冷藏动物园”，其中保存了许多物种的数千个DNA样本和细胞株的资料。即使如此，考虑到自然界极为复杂，文特尔博士补充说：“如果我们尽力保护好现存生物的多样性，而不是试图在将来去重新创造它，我们才更明智。”

.Harmony with the environment is that we live in on Earth, who is a natural son, and not only to natural persons as the conqueror, as we all know, there is only one earth and the mountains on Earth, the animals. Plant human cells, if it damaged, destroyed nature organizations, to the eradication of mankind. Therefore, the environment must be linked with social ethics, character education and practice acts as an important element of it. Everyone must fulfil its responsibilities and obligations to protect the environment 人与环境是和谐相处的，我们生存在地球上，人是自然之子，而不能仅把人看作自然的征服者，大家都知道，人类只有一个地球，地球上的山山水水、动物。植物是人类的细胞，如果我们把它损坏了，破坏了大自然的组织，等于消灭人类。因此，环境要与社会公德联系起来，与实践行为作为人格教育的一项重要内容来抓。每个人都要履行保护环境的责任和义务。

The earth scale change of climate has brought a new kind of natural disaster and the developed and complicated city system is holding a latent risk of expanding the damage artificially. Also people has been spoiling the health since the immense quantity of chemicals have been produced and already used in pursuit of convenience and various toxic substances have been produced unintentionally and accumulated in environment. Therefore, We need some countermeasures from the viewpoint to prevent the city environment form disaster and to manage environmental risks. So we will develop and improve a new risk management system and a disaster prevention system to preserve and create the city environment where people feel easy and sound in their life.