studies论文学术

academic：英 [ ˌækəˈdemɪk ] 美 [ ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ]adj.学院的，大学的，学会的，（学术，文艺）协会的 学究的，学理上的，空谈的，非实用的 〈美〉文科的，文学的 柏拉图学派的例句：The university is composed of five academic schools.整个大学由五个学院组成。They asked for academic freedom. 他们要求学术自由。 That is merely an academic discussion.那只是一个理论性的讨论。n.学者 大学教师，大学生，学会会员 纸上空论，空论 [A-]柏拉图哲学信奉者例句：Her husband is a famous academic.她的丈夫是一位著名的学者。复数： academics固定搭配：academic library 大学图书馆,高校图书馆,图书馆academic journal 学术期刊,学报,学术杂志academic argument 纯理论的争论academic authority 学术权威academic books 学术书籍academic circles 学术界academic costumes 校服academic degree 学位academic discussion 学术讨论academic dress 学位服academic exchanges 学术交流academic freedom 学术自由academic institution 学术机构academic life 大学生活academic painter 学院派画家academic point 纯理论的观点academic qualifications 学术资格academic question 纯理论问题academic rank 学位academic record 学历academic report 学术报告academic research 学术研究academic standards 学术水平academic studies 学术研究academic subjects 学科academic thesis 学术论文academic title 学术职称academic verse 拘泥于格律的诗歌academic year 学年the academic community 学术界the academic world 学术界

下面是关于学术论文英文摘要模板，希望对你们有帮助。

Abstract

Since Dewey developed the concept of “critical thinking”, many scholars abroadhave carried out a series of studies about improving students' critical thinking skills ineducation field. In the 1980s,critical thinking became the target of higher educationprograms in such foreign countries as the US and Canada. It has gained its widespreadattention in China only in recent years. But there are only few studies about it ineducation field. Our traditional English teaching method pays much attention to thetraining of students' linguistic knowledge and language skills but ignores thecultivation of students' critical thinking abilities. In the process of skill practice,teachers often stress the importance of memorizing vocabulary and imitating skillsrigidly,but neglect the students' abilities in analyzing problems and putting forwardinnovative solutions. Therefore, English writing teaching is affected by this andmerely attaches emphasis to train students' reading and writing skills. There are fewstudies which aim at systematically cultivating students' analysis, synthesis, summary,comparison and reasoning skills while they are writing. Therefore,this study aims atdesigning some writings tasks and teaching strategies which can be used to fostercollege students' critical thinking awareness and promote students' all-rounddevelopment.

According to six critical thinking skills,this study was carried out by requiringstudents to hand in an argumentation. All participants in this study are non-Englishmajor college freshmen from a 211 key university. The revised version of Rubric forQualitative Critical Thinking Skills Instrument was used in this study. Withquantitative and qualitative analysis,writing experiment is conducted within a wholesemester to collect data concerning students' learning behavior. Reading-to-write isused in experimental class while traditional method is adopted in control class. Thewriting scores by the experimental and control class were statistically processed bysoftware SPSS . And also the interview was launched in some of students inexperimental class to assess students' critical thinking abilities reflected in theirwritings-The final analysis indicated that EGAP writing model exerted a significantlypositive influence in improving students' critical thinking skills, especially in arousingstudents' writing enthusiasm and critical thinking awareness. Compared with controlclass, students in experimental class made big progress in writing competence. Inaddition, this study put forward some reform proposals to the teaching of Englishwriting. The study is of great value to instruct students to employ critical thinkingskills in their writing.

Abstract

A large body of research has been conducted on the effects of technology-enhancedEnglish vocabulary learning since the 1960s (Marty, 1981)。 However, no consensus hasbeen reached yet (Choo, Lin, & Pandian,2012; Mohsen & Balakumarohsen, 2011)。

Despite the fact that some narrative reviews have evaluated and explored thesecontradictory results, this study aims at quantifying the overall effectiveness oftechnology-enhanced English vocabulary learning with a different approach to review:meta-analysis and performing in-depth moderator analyses of learning method and testtype further.

Totally, twenty effect sizes from thirteen pieces of primary research are obtainedafter collecting related literature published or unpublished in recent ten years via fourchannels and selecting through three filters. Later, all the primary research is coded anddata are computed in random-effects model with software ComprehensiveMeta-Analysis.

Results show that: (1) Technology has a positively large effect on Englishvocabulary learning according to Cohen's standards as proposed in 1992 (g = 95% confidential interval of [, ])。 (2) Learning methods (intentional learning,incidental learning, and integrated learning) have impacts on the overall effectiveness.

Heterogeneity exists in the three learning methods (g = = 0,01 < )，Effectiveness of intentional learning, incidental learning and integrated learning is ^ =, g 二 , g = respectively. Incidental learning under technology-enhancedenvironment yields the largest effectiveness on English vocabulary learning. (3) Testtypes (recognition tests, recall tests,recognition + recall tests) also have impacts on theoverall effectiveness. The three test types are heterogeneous as well {Q = , p = < )。 Recognition tests, recall tests, and recognition + recall tests have effectsizes of and respectively. Technology-enhanced English vocabularylearning achieves the largest effectiveness in recognition tests.

Abstract

The present study, which is based on the Competing Values Framework (. CVF:a framework to identify the organizational effectiveness and to define organizationalculture)， aims to investigate English teachers, teaching motivation at universities, theirperception of the organizational culture in the target university,their professionalaspiration and how they affect each other. The research questions to be addressed are asfollows: (1) How do the English teachers perceive the organizational culture at theirworkplace? (2) How much effort will the teachers pay for their professionalengagement and aspiration? (3) What kinds of motivation do the English teachers in thetarget university appear to have? (4) How will the organizational culture and theprevious experience affect teachers' motivation?

This study employed four different questionnaires as the research instruments,including one demographic questionnaire and three research questionnaires, . thedemographic questionnaire, the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (. theOCAI) (Cameron & Quinn, 1999)，the Professional Engagement and CareerDevelopment Aspiration-scale (. the PECDA-scale) (Watt & Richardson, 2008b)，andthe Work Tasks Motivation Scale for Teachers Teaching (. the WTMST) (Fernet et al.,2008)，to investigate the above mentioned research questions. The whole investigationtook roughly 12 weeks and involved three stages: the preparation stage,the pilot study,and the main study.

The findings of the present study show that most of the teachers are intrinsicallymotivated and with identified regulation influenced by the performance culture and theclan culture which are the dominant culture types of the target research site. Results alsoindicate that the overseas experience and length of teaching experience affect teachers'perception of tixe organizational culture and motivation. The participants who haveoverseas experience tend to be more with the sense of professionalism, moreintrinsically motivated and be more confident with their competence in the academicarea; and the ones who have longer years of teaching experience are with moreidentified regulation and introjected motivation and are more committed and moreassured of staying in the education field. The participants in the target universitybasically belong to the highly engaged persisters,and the male teachers expect to be theleadership.

Abstract

Owing to the economic, social and academic needs as well as the advantages of EGAP(General Academic Purpose in Chinese College English) itself, there exist 这 great deal ofnecessity and feasibility for applying English for EGAP class. It is our understanding thatwriting plays an extremely important role in the course of EGAP and genre is a quiteinfluential factor in improving students5 writing competency. However,the investigation ofstudents' current writing situation shows that being deeply influenced by traditional writingteaching methods which emphasize grammar and vocabulary; the students have littleknowledge about genre approach theoretically or systematically and lack the awareness ofgenre. Because of this,it becomes necessary to put forward an English writing teachingapproach which is effective as well as applicable to the situation in China so as to enhancetheir writing competence.

This paper firstly gives a brief introduction to the developing trend of EGAP bydiscussing its necessity and applicability in China and the main views of two schools of genretheory, the tiieoretical foundation and genre-based approaches of three main schools of genrestudy and practice. And also,their characteristics are compared and the adaptability inChinese College EGAP class is analyzed, based on which it puts forward a modifiedGenre-based approach in EGAP writing class in order to enhance students' genre awarenessand improve their writing skills.

To achieve this, two non-English major classes of freshmen in East China University ofScience and Technology (ECUST) have been selected as the experimental class andcontrolled class, and the research lasts one semester. The Genre-based approach is applied inthe experimental class following a modified Genre-based approach. And a comparison hasbeen made on the same subject at the beginning and the end of the semester and thecomparison and contrast between the experimental class and controlled class have also beenmade. Owing to various factors,such as learning motivation, different students show variedextent of acceptance to certain teaching approaches. Therefore, emphasis has not only beenput on the overall changes,but also on the individual differences.

There are three hypotheses:

1. Can Genre-based approach enhance students' genre awareness? 2. Can “genreawareness” really improve students' writing ability in EGAP? If the students can get overallimprovement, is there any difference in gender and the students with diverse learningaptitudes because of the individual difference? If some students fail to improve, what's thepossible reason behind it? 3. Will Chinese students accept and adapt to Genre-basedApproach?

Three sets of data from six writing assignments, writing in final-term examination andquestionnaires are collected and analyzed with the help of the software SPSS . And thestudy indicates that: (1) Genre-based approach has a significant effect in sensitizing students'genre awareness, improving holistic writing competence; (2) during the whole experimentalprocess, girls have a stable superiority over boys, however, boys' improvement fluctuation iscomparatively obvious; (3) students of medium efficiency have the greatest potential to makebig improvement; (4) Unavoidably, in this research there are some students who fail to gainimprovement in terms of writing ability or get changed in terms of writing notions, andthrough analysis it has been found that the main objective reasons are: the difficulty ofwriting itself,the differences of culture and ways of thinking between east and west,thelimited teaching period, etc.; and subjective reasons mainly come from: the limitedcompetence of students themselves, the lack of interest in English writing, etc(5) aoverwhelming majority of students are liable to accept this approach and able to adapt to itpretty well, yet acceptation is not absolutely accompanied by adaptation; (6) feedback is adispensable part in English writing teaching, and more specific feedback will bring strongermotivation in students' self-correcting and developing;In the end,the author presents some limitations in her research and hopes that this cangive some hints and tips to further research in EFL writing classes.

Abstract

In college English listening & speaking classrooms, language and other semioticsystems cooperate together to help students construct meaning. It can be reflected inthe design of textbooks and the use of audios, videos and images, etc. Thus, in thisthesis, the theoretical foundation is the theory of multimodal discourse analysis (MDA)derived from Systemic Functional Linguistics and Social Semiotics. The essence ofMDA is that other semiotic resources such as: images, audios, etc. are as important aslanguage in the meaning-making system. Visual Grammar, Acoustical Grammar andthe integrated frameworks of MDA are the main analysis approaches in this thesis.

Meanwhile, the results of the teaching investigation and the MDA for textbooksare the practical foundation for the multimodal teaching design, providing feasibleand effective suggestions in this thesis. According to the results, it can be concludedthat students have more or less realized multimodality in this course and argue thatmultimodality should be used in moderation; multimodal classroom activities, socialcontent, etc. should be brought into the class; teachers should remind students to payattention to images, fonts change and other multimodal factors in textbooks.

Therefore, when conducting the multimodal teaching design, attention should bepaid to: (1) Modalities influence each other with clear priorities in this course. (2)Words modality and acoustical modality are the primary modalities, while othermodalities are just used as tools to provide supplementary information and to improveteaching efficiency. (3) The chosen modalities should provide supplementaryinformation to make the learning material more easily understood and help studentsconcentrate. Then, on the basis of the above principles and the writer's teachingexperience, a sample teaching design has been worked out, then its' feasibility andeffectiveness have been verified by an empirical study with the method of interview.

Abstract

Degree adverbs play a crucial role in daily language communication. However,owing to their wide varieties and similar meanings, it is hard for language learners toreally master their meanings and usages.

With the aid of AntConc and based on the corpora of FROWN (TheFreiburg-Brown Corpus of American English)，FLOB (The Freiburg-LOB Corpus ofBritish English) and CLEC (Chinese Learner English Corpus)， the study aims tocompare the actual use of common English degree adverbs in terms of semanticprosody between Chinese EFL learners and native English speakers. The researchprocedures consist of two steps. First, AntConc is launched to extractconcordance lines of the target node words in each corpus and the semantic featuresof the node words' collocates are analyzed; then, the semantic prosodies of these nodewords are summarized and comparisons are made between the two corpora.

The results indicate that there are differences as well as similarities betweennative English speakers and Chinese learners in their use of semantic prosody.

Chinese EFL learners tend to underuse the negative semantic prosodies of fairly,highly, and totally?,overuse the negative semantic prosodies of extremely; and misusethe semantic prosody of terribly. The results also show that some problems exist inChinese learners' use of semantic prosodies of degree adverbs, and the reasons mayinclude their first language transfer, intralingual transfer, and the lack of informationabout the semantic prosody in dictionaries and textbooks.

studies 没有有研究人员的意思。音标：英 [ˈstʌdiz] 美 [ˈstʌdiz] n.学习;研究;功课;课业;学业;用于某些学科名称v.学习;攻读;审视;端详;细看;研究;调查study的第三人称单数和复数

学术论文 [词典] a thesis; a dissertation; a research paper; a scientific paper; [例句]她写了几篇关于木星和土星的重要学术论文。She wrote important studies of the planets Jupiter and saturn.

学术论文英文的参考文献标注格式

根据《中国学术期刊(光盘版)检索与评价数据规范(试行)》和《中国高等学校社会科学学报编排规范(修订版)》的要求，很多刊物对参考文献和注释作出区分，将注释规定为“对正文中某一内容作进一步解释或补充说明的文字”，列于文末并与参考文献分列或置于当页脚地。下面，我为大家分享学术论文英文的参考文献标注格式，希望对大家有所帮助!

一、学术论文英文参考文献标注格式。

按照现行规定，学术期刊中论文参考文献的标注采用顺序编码制，即在文内的引文处按引用文献在论文中出现的先后顺序以阿拉伯数字连续编码，序号置于方括号内。同一文献在一文中被反复引用者，用同一序号标示。这一规定使得所列文献简洁明了，应该引起论文作者注意。英文参考文献和中文参考文献一样，按在文中出现的先后顺序与中文文献混合连续编码着录;英文文献用印刷体;英文书名、期刊名和报纸名等用斜体;所列项目及次序与中文文献相同，但文献类型可不标出;忌用中文叙述英文。其格式为：

专着、论文集、学位论文、报告-[序号]主要责任者。文献题名。出版地：出版者，出版年。起止页码(任选)。

示例：[1]Day,C.,Veen, Walraven,G. Children and youth at risk and urban education. Research,policy and prac-tice. Leuven/Apeldoorn:Garant. 1997.

期刊文章-[序号]主要责任者。文献题名。刊名，年，卷(期)：起止页码。

示例：[2] Driessen,G.,& Van der Grinten,M. Home language proficiency in the Netherland:The evaluation of Turkish andMoroccan bilingual programmes- A critical review,Studies in Educational Evaluation,1994,20(3)：365- 386.

论文集中的析出文献-[序号]析出文献主要责任者。析出文献题名。原文献主要责任者(任选)。原文献题名。出版地：出版者，出版年。析出文献起止页码。

示例：[3] Driessen,G.,Mulder,L.,& Jungbluth,P. Structural and cultural determinants of educational opportunities in theNetherlands. In (Ed.)，Root and migration in global perspective. Jerusalem:Magnes . 104.[5]

报纸文章-[序号]主要责任者。文献题名。报纸名，出版日期(版次)。

示例：[4] Lgnatieff,M. Keeping an old flame burning brightly. The Guardian,1998- 12- 20(12)。

电子文献-[序号]主要责任者。电子文献题名。电子文献的出处或可获得的地址，发表或更新日期。

示例：[5] Baboescu,F. Algorithms for fast packet classification. .

二、关于英文人名的标注。

现行编排规范对英文人名如何标注未作明确要求，英文人名的标注较为混乱，有标注全名的，有标注时将名缩写、姓不缩写、保持原来顺序的，还有在姓、名之间加圆点的，后者是我国翻译作品中，中文书写外国人名经常采用的一种方式。其实，标注英文人名是有章可循的，在国外学术着作的参考文献中，关于人名的标注已约定俗成为一种统一的格式，即英文参考文献标注作者姓名时，要求姓在前、名在后，姓与名之间用逗号隔开，姓的词首字母大写，其余字母不大写;名用词首大写字母表示，后加缩写符号圆点，缩写符号不可省略。由于欧美国家人的姓名排列一般是名在前、姓在后，在标注时必须加以调整。如Georg Paghet Thomson,前面两个词是名，最后一个词是姓，应标注为Thomson,G. P为什么要如此标注呢?笔者认为有以下原因。

1.在应用计算机等信息工具进行英文文献检索时，以英文作者姓名中的姓作为依据之一，即以姓作为检索目标之一。

2.在欧美人姓名表达含义里，姓比名的重要性更强、更正式。用姓而不是名来代表作者，还有尊重、礼貌的意味。名缩写后加缩写符号圆点，也含有正式、尊重和礼貌的意味，缩写符号不可省略。

3.表示与平常书写姓名的不同，体现学术论文重要性、简约性和准确性的要求，符合科研论文文体风格。这种标注在英文学术着作、科技文献中已广泛采用，也容易被广大读者、作者理解、接受。

对于复姓情况，如Jory Albores-Saavedra等，在引用标注时，应将复姓全部写出，即Albores-Saavedra, J对于姓前带有冠词或介词的情况，如带有Mac,Le,Von,Van den等，标注时不能省略，应同姓一起提到前面标注，如Mac Donald,La Fontaina,Von Eschenbach,Van den Bery等。这里有个有趣的现象，对于北欧人常见的姓Van den Bery,如Van的.词首字母大写，表示它是姓的一部分，标注时应与姓一起前置;如果作者姓名书写为Graham van den Bery,其中van的词首字母v没有大写，则表示它不是姓的一部分，姓Bery前置时，van den仍留在原来的位置，并且不可缩写或省略，标注为Bery,G. van den.另外，对于“姓名+学位”的情况，标注时一般把“学位”删去，不要将其误认为姓或姓的一部分.

一个参考文献有两位或两位以上作者时，标注时除按上述要求将每位作者的姓提前书写外，作者与作者之间用逗号分开，最后一位作者前加&符号，如示例[1],也可仅保留前三位作者，之后加etc.表示。

三、关于英文参考文献发表(出版)时间标注到年的问题。

发表(出版)时间是参考文献的一项重要内容，标示引用文献发表的历史时间位置，是判断引用文献新旧的一个根据，不可遗漏。国外学术论着中参考文献的发表(出版)时间标注到年，这与我国学术论着中参考文献的标注规定相同。国外学术论着中参考文献的发表(出版)时间的标注位置有标注在作者后的情况，并加圆括号，这是因为采用了“着者-出版年”制。我国学术期刊编排规范参考文献的标注采用“顺序编码”制,发表(出版)时间标注靠后，如示例[1]、[3],应按此要求标注为是。

四、英文析出文献名和原文献名的标注。

由于现行编排规范对英文析出文献和原文献的标注书写要求不够明确，目前有把析出文献名排成斜体，而把原文献名(论文集名或期刊名等)排成正体的情况。这种标注方式是不对的，混淆了析出文献名和原文献名的效力，正确的编排要求与此相反，国外的普遍作法与我国学者的论述[4]要求一致，因此这一现象值得编辑同行注意。

英文书名在英文文章中出现有排成斜体的习惯，论文集名、期刊名或报纸名与书名效力相同，故排成斜体，析出文献名相当于书中的章节标题，不具有书名的分量，故不可排成斜体。

在标注原文献名及作者时，原文献多指论文集或与之类似的着作，英文标注习惯上在编着者名前加词首字母大写的介词In,作者姓名前后次序不作调整，名缩写为词首大写字母，后加缩写符号圆点，姓完整标出，不缩写。作者后加编者一词的缩写形式及缩写符号圆点，词首字母大写，外加圆括号，如标注为In S. Weil(Ed.)，如示例[3].然后斜体标注原文献题名，后加注出版年，起至页码的缩写形式pp.和析出文献的起至页码。当原文献有两位或两位以上作者时，作者姓名同上述情况一样，前后次序不作调整，分别标出，编者一词缩写用复数形式Eds.,如In L. Eedering,& P. Leseman(Eds.)。

文献类型不宜标出。文献类型是我国编排规范制定的标注要求，国外并未采用。在中文中标注醒目、自然，在英文中此一项目的标注容易产生误解和干扰。如果是为方便计算机在检索或统计时辨识，是技术上的要求，那么就应当统一要求标注，从“可不标出”来看，尚未有技术上的要求。因而，文献类型在英文参考文献中不作标注为妥。

五、出版地和出版社(商)的标注。

出版地和出版社(商)是参考文献的重要内容，标示版权信息，不可遗漏或省略。我国一部着作一般由一家出版社负责出版发行，出版地一般也就比较明确为出版社所在的城市。国外情况就比较复杂了，由于市场经济高度成熟，语言通用程度高，着作权被普遍保护等原因，一部着作可能由不止一家出版社(商)合作出版发行，出版地也可能在不同国家的不同城市。当出版地有两处或两处以上、出版社(商)有两个或两个以上时，应当一一标出，中间用斜杠分开。如Amsterdam/Philadephia:Ben-jamins,又如Den Haag:Sdu/DOP出版地一般是出版社(商)所在的城市，标注城市名，不可标注为国家名。

参考文献补充了文章的重要信息，涉及范围十分广泛，编辑部资料有限，在大多数情况下，编辑不可能一一增补遗漏的参考文献要素，因而，希望在修订现行编排规范时，对英文参考文献的标注作明确规定，以便作者写作和编者编辑时皆有章可循，亦使这项工作更加规范。笔者不揣浅陋，依据工作实践提出以上意见。不妥之处，还望大家指正。