Hippocrates 希波克拉底(希腊的名医)Hippocrates (460?-377?bc), greatest physician of antiquity, regarded as the father of medicine. Born probably on the island of Kos, Greece, Hippocrates traveled widely before settling on Kos to practice and teach medicine. He died in Larissa, Greece; little else is known about him. His name is associated with the Hippocratic Oath, though he probably is not the author of the document. In fact, of the approximately 70 works ascribed to him in the Hippocratic Collection, Hippocrates may actually have written about six of them. The Hippocratic Collection probably is the remnant of the medical library of the famous Kos school of medicine. His teachings, sense of detachment, and ability to make direct, clinical observations probably influenced the other authors of these works and had much to do with freeing ancient medicine from superstition. 希波克拉底(约公元前460-约公元前377),伟大的古代医师,被誉为医药之父)。他的出生地很可能是希腊科斯岛,在科斯岛定居之前游历四方实践和传授医药学。再除了死亡于希腊拉瑞萨,他的其他方面少为人知。尽管他的名字和希波克拉底宣言相关联,他本人极不可能是该文作者。实际上,在希波克拉底选集内归到他名下的约70篇文献中,希波克拉底本人可能只写了六篇左右。希波克拉底选集很可能是著名的科斯医药大学图书馆。他的教学,客观的判断力,作出指导的能力以及临床观察,很可能都对这些著作的作者产生影响,对使古代医药学远离迷信至关重要。Among the more significant works of the Hippocratic Collection is Airs, Waters, and Places (5th century bc), which, instead of ascribing diseases to divine origin, discusses their environmental causes. It proposes that considerations such as a town's weather, drinking water, and site along the paths of favorable winds can help a physician ascertain the general health of citizens. Three other works—Prognostic, Coan Prognosis, and Aphorisms—advanced the then-revolutionary idea that, by observing enough cases, a physician can predict the course of a disease. 在希波克拉底选集更具深远意义的著作中,有关于大气、水和居住环境的论述(在公元前5世纪),这些论述不再把疾病归因于神学上的原因,而是讨论环境上面的诱因。著作里阐述了,对诸如城镇气候、饮用水以及顺风方向沿途地点的考虑,有利于医生大概的探知市民的健康状况。另外三篇著作--先兆、预后、谚言--相比后来提出的通过充分的病情观察,医生能预知疾病发展过程的观点,提出的还要早。The idea of preventive medicine, first conceived in Regimen and Regimen in Acute Diseases, stresses not only diet but also the patient's general way of living and how it influences his or her health and convalescence. Sacred Disease, a treatise on epilepsy, reveals the rudimentary knowledge of anatomy in ancient Greece. Epilepsy was believed to be caused by insufficient air, which was thought to be carried by the veins to the brain and limbs. In Joints, the use of the so-called Hippocratic bench is described for treating dislocations. Also of interest are Wounds in the Head, Women's Diseases, and Dismembering of the Feotus in the Womb预防性医药学的观点,最早在养生发和针对急性疾病的养生法中提出,强调不仅仅是饮食而且包括病人的日常生活方式,以及它们是如何影响病人的健康以及康复状况的。与宗教相关的疾病,是一篇关于癫痫病的论述,揭示了古希腊的初期解剖学知识。著作里认为癫痫病是因为供气不足,而气体被认为是通过一些纹理带到大脑和四肢。在关节一文中说到,使用所谓的希波克拉底治疗椅可以治疗脱臼。选集中同时也有关注到的是,头部受伤,妇女疾病,胎儿从子宫的分离。