矿物医学论文

提要本文从成因矿物学角度对所述岩体中主要造岩矿物橄榄石、辉石与斜长石的颜色、形态、晶胞参数、化学成分、微量元素，稀土及氧、硫、锶稳定同位素等方面进行了研究，从而揭示了岩体的成岩成矿物质来源、形成温度、压力，fo2，Eh、pH值等物理-化学条件与成岩成矿作用特征。同时，概括出岩体的成矿特点与找矿准则。关键词基性侵入体成因矿物学预测准则

1地质概况

所述岩体为阜平期侵入的橄榄苏长岩类复式杂岩体。产于华北地台北缘东段，围岩是太古宙灰色片麻岩，其Pb-Pb法等时线年龄为±百万年，岩体走向5°～10°，倾向与倾角于南、北两段不一，北段倾向南东东，倾角55°～86°;南段倾向北西西，倾角63°～85°。岩体北端翘起，以45°角向南东东侧伏。岩体长4800m，宽40～140m，面积约。由变质辉长辉绿岩、中色与暗色橄榄辉长苏长岩、细粒辉长苏长岩及辉长玢岩等侵入相构成。赋存有大型硫化铜镍矿床。矿体主要含在暗色橄榄辉长苏长岩、细粒辉长苏长岩侵入相中。岩体的铷锶法同位素年龄为～百万年，同世界上著名的萨得贝里、布什维尔德、贝辰加等含镍基性-超基性体一样，同属林波波(Limpopo)期热事件产物。

2成因矿物学研究

橄榄石

出现在中、暗色橄榄辉长苏长岩相中，是岩体中结晶最早的造岩矿物。按Каневский的橄榄石化学分类(图1)［1］属于镁橄榄石与镁铁橄榄石亚种。

计算表明，含矿岩相中橄榄石Fo=70%～85%，非含矿岩相中者，Fo=61%～73%，故橄榄石的Fo可作为成矿预测的矿物学准则之一。这一结论与苏联柯拉半岛、阿拉列琴等一些含镍基性-超基性岩体是一致的。

按夏林圻提出的公式［2］:

傅德彬地质学论文选集

算得岩体中橄榄石的结晶温度为1412℃。

图 1 赤柏松矿田侵入岩体橄榄石化学成分分类

根据橄榄石成分(Fa)、温度(℃)与lgfo2的函数关系(Никольский，1977)，把暗色橄榄辉长苏长岩中的3个结晶温度分别为1216，1227，1412℃，端元组分Fa分别为，，的橄榄石投图，得出其相应的fo2分别为10－，10－，10－×101325Pa。较辉石结晶时的氧逸度偏低(见下文)，说明含矿岩相是在相对还原条件下形成的。这一结论与此岩相的Fs，αs较高一致。

斜长石

它是岩体各岩相中普遍存在的矿物。

颜色

在含矿岩相中斜长石呈浅灰—灰色，非含矿岩相中呈白色。镜下，前者为褐色，后者无色。化学分析揭示含矿岩相中斜长石含一定数量的FeO，MgO等。

晶胞参数

见表1。值得强调的是从中色到暗色橄榄辉长苏长岩中的斜长石晶胞参数有a，b，c，α变大，β与γ变小的趋势。此变化是由于Al进入晶格，有序形式AlSi3向Al2O3变化以及Na与Ca互相代替，引起了晶格轴角的畸变之故。诚然，Or的百分比对晶胞参数也有一定影响，但主要的是由化学成分及Si/Al有序状况决定的［3］。

化学成分

斜长石的化学成分与化学式及端元组分分别列入表2，表3中。

表 1 不同侵入相中斜长石的晶胞参数

注: 1，2—辉长辉绿岩; 3，4—中色橄榄辉长苏长岩; 5，6—暗色橄榄辉长苏长岩; 7—混熔岩; 8—细粒辉长苏长岩。

表 2，表 3 主要表明: ①斜长石的 An 偏低，其中含矿岩相中者较非含矿岩相的更偏低; ②含矿岩相中斜长石含 FeO，MgO 偏高。

表 2 不同侵入相中斜长石的化学成分与化学式

注: 岩石名称同表 1，其中序号为 5，6，8 者系含矿岩相。

表 3 斜长石端元组分

2. 2. 4 微量元素

斜长石中微量元素及其含量列于表 4 中。由表 4 得知，随岩相生成由早到晚 ( 辉长辉绿岩→中色橄榄辉长苏长岩→暗色橄榄辉长苏长岩→混熔岩) ，B，V，Ag，Sr 递减，而Pb，Mn，Ni，Co 则递增。后者递增规律与岩浆演化到晚期铜镍富集成矿的规律是一致的。

表 4 不同侵入相中斜长石的微量元素含量

注: 用 ICP、AAS 等法分析，As，P，Sb，Hf，Ge，Pt，Au，Ta，U，Th，W，In，Bi，Ce，Li，La，Cd 均为零。

稀土元素

图2表明，中、暗色橄榄辉长苏长岩中的斜长石在REE分配模式、δEu与δCe异常等方面均相一致，说明它们的物质来源与成岩作用、REE分馏作用等是相同的。

氧同位素

各岩相中斜长石的δ18O含量变化在‰～‰之间，平均为‰。介于正常玄武岩的δ18O(‰～‰)之间［4］，即接近于球粒陨石的δ18O值。故成岩物质来源于上地幔，其原始熔浆属玄武岩浆体系。此外，随岩相生成由早到晚，其δ18O值具渐次增加趋势(图3)，该规律与氧同位素(δ18O)在岩浆分异过程中逐渐增加的规律相一致。

图 2 赤柏松 1 号岩体斜长石稀土球粒陨石标准化分配模式图

图3不同侵入岩相斜长石中δ18O图

辉石

矿物化学

把用化学、探针等不同方法分析的辉石化学成分的计算结果展示在图4上。由图4得知:①中色橄榄辉长苏长岩中的单斜辉石主要是透辉石与次透辉石，而暗色橄榄辉长苏长岩中的单斜辉石则主要是斜顽透辉石与普通辉石。②暗色橄榄辉长苏长岩中的辉石较中色中者富镁。③在同一岩相中存在两个系列的辉石，即含有CaSiO330%～40%的斜顽辉石-普通辉石系列的辉石与含有CaSiO340%～50%左右的普通辉石-次透辉石系列的辉石。二者在成分上具不连续性，各有不同的结晶温度。结合其他方面的研究得知它们分别是两次岩浆相混合的产物。④中色与暗色橄榄辉长苏长岩中的斜方辉石En值分别为65%～80%及55%～92%，且前者相对稳定，后者变化较大，这一差别也与岩体的岩浆混合作用有关。

微量元素

由表5微量元素含量可知，同一岩相中斜方辉石内Cu，Ni含量比单斜辉石中高，不同岩相中偏基性者内辉石的Cu，Ni含量较偏酸性者高，从而得出一个结论，同一个基性岩体，Cu，Ni在较基性岩相中相对富集，早结晶的富铁镁的斜方辉石较晚结晶的单斜辉石相对富含铜镍。

图4不同侵入相中辉石类在CaSiO3-FeSiO3-MgSiO3系统中的分布图

表 5 不同侵入相中辉石类微量元素含量

穆斯堡尔效应

辉石的穆斯堡尔参数表明［5］，只有CMP2－1a是由4个Fe2+双峰和一个Fe3+双峰组成，余者均系由两个Fe2+双峰与一个Fe3+双峰组成，它们的穆谱特征与斜方辉石类似。Q·S=～的内双峰是由M2晶位上的Fe2+贡献的，Q·S=～的外双峰是由M1晶位上的Fe2+贡献的。I·S=～的双峰是由M1和M2晶位上的Fe3+形成的。

此外，Fe2+M1/Fe2+M2比值在中色与暗色橄榄辉长苏长岩的辉石中分别为～与，这意味着在含矿的暗色橄榄辉长苏长岩中的辉石内有较多比例的Fe2+进入了M2晶位。

氧同位素

不同岩相中辉石的氧同位素(δ18O)均变化在‰～‰之间(表6)，说明其来自地幔。

表 6 不同侵入相中辉石氧同位素分析结果

氧逸度以文献［6］提供的方法，据fs与T(℃)测算的中色与暗色橄榄辉长苏长岩形成时fo2分别为10－～10－与10－～10－×101325Pa，表明岩浆演化到后期具氧逸度降低的趋势，因此，对增加硫容(Cs)、富集硫化物成矿有利。

3矿物的成因信息

成岩成矿物质来源

不同岩相中斜长石的δ18O=‰～‰，斜长石与辉石中的87Sr/86Sr=～，矿石中δ34S=－‰～+‰，32S/34S=～，这些数据均证明成岩成矿物质来源于上地幔。

岩体形成温度

前已述及，岩体中结晶最早的造岩矿物橄榄石是在1412℃左右结晶的;用辉石地质温度、压力计算得的不同岩相中27个辉石的结晶温度主要是在～℃之间，压力为×105～10×105kPa，用王润民［7］限定后的Kudo与Weill(1977)的实验方法计算的斜长石结晶温度为～℃，可见所述岩体的主要结晶温度区间是1412～1110℃之间。

岩体形成深度

根据岩体中有结晶温度<1000℃的辉石存在，结合岩石的共结结构推断岩石中必有形成温度<1000℃的斜长石存在。按Bowen与Yoler(1957)的斜长石相图，结晶温度在890～1110℃之间的斜长石其形成压力为5×105kPa，从而导出岩体的形成深度在14km左右。

成岩氧逸度

利用橄榄石，单斜辉石的结晶温度与端元组分(Fa，Fs)测算的岩体形成时fo2介于10－～10－×101325Pa之间。

成岩的Eh－pH条件

铁的硫化物与氧化物生成顺序的交替(即磁铁矿→磁黄铁矿→磁铁矿→黄铁矿)，表明成岩过程中Eh，pH值是交替变化的。由铁的氧化物与硫化物的Eh-pH图解［8］得知，各成岩阶段的pH=4～7，Eh=－～－，即岩体是在酸性介质、还原条件下形成的。

4成矿特点及找矿准则

(1)含矿岩相或多或少都含有斜长石，其明显特征之一首先是An偏低，与所在岩相的基性度不相协调;呈浅灰或灰色，镜下呈红褐色。再次，晶胞参数a，b，c与α相对偏大，β与γ角相对偏小。再次，是Cu，Ni，Co与δ18O在较晚形成的岩相中的斜长石内相对富集，其中δ18O变化在‰～‰之间，平均为‰。

(2)含矿性佳的暗色橄榄辉长苏长岩中的橄榄石fo偏高(～)，属Каневский［1］的镁橄榄石变种。不含矿或仅具矿化的中色橄榄辉长苏长岩中的橄榄石，除个别者外均属镁铁橄榄石，fo=～。

(3)含矿暗色橄榄辉长苏长岩中的单斜辉石主要是斜顽透辉石与普通辉石，以相对富镁为特征。不含矿或仅具矿化的中色橄榄辉长苏长岩中的单斜辉石则主要是透辉石与次透辉石，以相对富钙为特征。

(4)含矿岩相的斜方辉石中En=65%～80%，单斜辉石中W0=36%～44%，En≈50%，Fs<10%;斜方辉石含，单斜辉石含，橄榄石与斜长石含Ni分别为与。

(5)在同一含矿岩相中存在着两个成分系列拥有两种生成温度的单斜辉石，与两次岩浆混合有关，有利于成矿。

(6)含矿岩相内辉石中的Ni，Cu，Co含量比非含矿岩相中者高出一倍。同一含矿岩相中的斜方辉石内Ni，Cu，S含量比单斜辉石内的高1～3倍。

(7)含矿岩相单斜辉石中的Fe2+M1/Fe2+M2=，非含矿岩相中者Fe2+M1/Fe2+M2=，是前者的3倍。

参考文献

［1］ Каневский. А. Я. Совеmская Геолощя，вып. 7，1982. стр. 82 ～ 90.

［2］ 夏林圻 . 中国地质科学院西安地质矿产研究所所刊 . 1981，2 ( 1) : 73 ～ 81

［3］ Smith，J. V. Feldspar minerals，1，Crystal structure and phsical properties，Springervarlag，New York，1974，80 ～ 88

［4］ Faure，G. Principles of isotope Geology，John wiley and sons，1977: 286 ～ 289

［5］ 傅德彬 . 地质实验室，1990，6 ( 2) : 118 ～ 124

［6］ 周珣若 . 地质与勘探，1981，11: 38 ～ 46

［7］ 王润民 . 矿物岩石，1987，1: 78 ～ 79

［8］ 武汉地质学院 . 地球化学 . 北京: 地质出版社: 173

Genesis-Mineralogical Study ofNi-Bearing Basic Intrusives in TheChibaisong Orefield

Abstract

Genesis-mineralogical study has shown that δ18O = 6. 1‰ ～ 7. 73‰ for plagioclase，87Sr/86Sr= 0. 70321 ～ 0. 70888 for plagioclase and pyroxene，and δ34S=－‰～+‰，32S/34S=22. 218‰ ～ 22. 236‰ for the ores. Evidence shows that the rock-and ore-forming materials werederived from the upper mantle. The crystallization sequece of major rock-forming minerals in therocks is OL→Py→Pl. The crystallization temperature of the former was estimated at 1412℃ andthat of the latter at 1155. 81 ～ 1206. 26℃ . The pressure and depth of formation of the intrusivebodies were estimated at 1 ～ 5 kb and 3 ～ 14 km respectively，belonging to the moderately deepfacies intrusions. fo2=10－～10－. 1atm，pH = 4 ～ 7 and Eh = － 0. 1 ～ 0. 16 at which the intru-sive bodies were formed，indicate that they were formed from acidic mediums under reducing con-ditions. In the ore-bearing intrusive Fo = 77. 38% ～ 82. 90% for olivine，En = 65% ～ 86% for or-thopyroxenes with Ni accounting for 0. 124% ; Wo = 36% ～ 44% ，En = 50% ，and Fs = 10% forclinopyroxenes with Ni coming up to 0. 53% ; olivine and plagioclase contain as much as 0. 22%and 0. 06% ，respectively. The contents of Ni，Cu and Co of the ore-bearing intrusive are twotimes those in the barren intrusive，and the contents of Cu，Ni and S of the orthopyroxene in thesame ore-bearing petrographic facies are 2 ～ 4 times those of clinopyroxenes.

Key words basic intrusive; genetic mineralogy; predictive criteria

油菜中有丰富的维生素和铁元素。显著功效：抗高血压花菜中含有的维生素C是芹菜的15倍，西红柿的8倍，大白菜的4倍。显著功效：防癌抗癌芹菜中含有丰富的维生素C，铁以及植物纤维素。显著功效：天然降压药萝卜含有大量的维生素A,C和一种糖化酵素。显著功效：排气顺毒的良药胡萝卜含有丰富的维生素A。显著功效：保健“小人参”空心菜性微寒，味甘，对金黄色葡萄糖球菌，链球菌等有抑制作用，可清热解毒，凉血止血。主要功效：清热解毒圣手卷心菜含有丰富的钙。主要功效：壮骨的蔬菜茼蒿含有较多胡萝卜素，可以养心安神，稳定情绪，更含有丰富的维生素A。另外含有特殊香味，能消食开胃，促进食欲。主要功效：养心开胃生菜性干凉，味甘甜微苦，茎叶含有莴苣素，可镇痛止痛，清热提神。主要功效：清热提神西红柿含大量的维生素C和一定量的维生素A。主要功效：眼睛的保护神辣椒含有一种叫番辣椒素的物质，可降低胆固醇。主要功效：杀菌土豆中含有丰富的钾，在蛋白质价值和保健功能上比黄豆还高，含有人体所需碳水化合物，维生素B，维生素C，钙，镁等，主要功效：地下“苹果”芦蒿对心脏病，动脉硬化，低钾症和缺钠，镁症等有显著的理疗功效。主要功效：“高档保健蔬菜”竹笋性寒，可清热解毒，含有高纤维素，脂肪和糖的含量很低。主要功效：“素菜第一品”莴笋含有丰富的烟酸，含钾量较高，还含有大量纤维素。主要功效：糖尿病的克星冬瓜不含脂肪，碳水化物含量少，热量低，含有丙醇二酸，可防止人发胖。主要功效：最佳减肥蔬菜南瓜能防止血管动脉硬化，具有防癌功效，还可调节糖代谢，增强肌体免疫力，含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸。主要功效：最佳美容食品黄瓜很有非常娇嫩的纤维素。主要功效：厨房里的美容剂茄子含黄酮类化合物，具有抗氧化功能，还含有丰富的粗纤维，可增加胃肠蠕动。主要功效：保护血管和心脏莲藕中含有丰富的维生素K，有收缩血管和止血的功效，还含有一定量的维生素c和食物纤维和铁元素。主要功效：干爽可口的瘦身蔬菜洋葱含有一种特殊物质-烯丙基二硫化物以及少量硫氨基酸，可降脂。洋葱还含激活纤溶蛋白的活性成分，具有舒张血管功能；具有杀菌功能，帮助防治流行感冒；含有微量元素硒以及维生素C和胡萝卜素，可抗氧化;含抗衰老物质，可延缓衰老。主要功效：蔬菜皇后金针菜含有丰富的钙，磷，钾，维生素，胡萝卜素等，具有清脑健脑，抗衰老功能。主要功效：上好的“健脑菜“苦瓜是去火圣品，主要功效：去火泄热豌豆含有大量粗纤维，丰富维生素A原，且是很好的护脑食物。主要功效：脑力劳动者的理想补品豇豆含有丰富的膳食纤维，丰富的维生素C，其含有的磷脂可促进胰岛素分泌，参加糖代谢。主要功效“糖尿病人的理想食品”蚕豆含有丰富的碳水化合物，优质蛋白质，磷脂，丙胺脂和酪氨酸，性味甘平，能益气健脾。主要功效：益气健脾的好食物红薯含有大量的钙和镁，含有独特的生物类黄酮成分和膳食纤维，主要功效：可以当作主食的蔬菜平菇中的蛋白多醣体对癌细胞有很强的抑制作用。主要功效：抗癌的良药金针菇含有丰富的锌元素，促进智力发育，健脑，称“益智菇”金针菇还是高钾低钠食品，含朴菇素与糖蛋白，膳食纤维主要功效：丰富的蛋白质库香菇含有丰富的维生素D，有助与骨骼和牙齿的发育；香菇中有嘌呤，胆碱，酪氨酸，氧化酶以及某些核酸物质，可以有效预防和治疗胆固醇和高血压；香菇中的蘑菇核糖酸可以刺激人体产生干扰素，消灭人体内的病毒;香菇中还含有丰富的钙，磷，铁，钾等无机盐,有较好的保健作用；香菇中含有的微量元素及丰富的维生素B2，维生素D及维生素A原，是美容养颜护发养发的好原料。主要功效：菌类中的“灵芝草”黑木耳具有排毒解毒，凝血止血的功效。黑木耳中富含铁元素，经常使用可防缺铁性贫血，并能养血驻颜；黑木耳中的维生素K能减少血液凝结成块，预防脑血栓；其内含有胶质，有清胃肠的作用；另外黑木耳对胆结石，肾结石等内源性异物有比较显著的化解作用，还可防癌抗癌。主要功效：营养丰富的“菌中之花”海带含有大量的碘，有降血脂，降血压，降低血清胆固醇，加快胆固醇的代谢和排出，预防动脉硬化的作用，还有美容作用。主要功效：含碘之冠紫菜含较多甘露醇，具有利尿作用和消水肿的作用；富含硒元素，有利于预防大肠癌。主要功效：微量元素的宝库豆腐含有白酶抑制素，及春六磷酸酶，植物固醇，皂苷以及异黄酮，这些物质都是抗癌尖兵，所以豆腐有显著的预防癌症作用;豆腐中含特殊物质抑制黑色素的合成。主要功效：肌肤美白的好食物苹果中含有维生素C，可保护血管，预防心脏病。苹果中含铁丰富，有益补血；含有丰富的糖类，维生素，和影响记忆的元素锌。主要功效:记忆之果梨属寒性水果，味甘中稍带酸，能清内热，清除上火，具有清心润肺的作用；梨中含有大量的水分和均衡的电解质，发烧病人和脱水患者服用梨汁，可以快速平衡电解质。主要功效:天然矿泉水香蕉含有泛酸等成分，可以有效减轻心理压力，解除忧郁，令人快乐开心。香蕉中含有5-羟色胺，可以保护胃粘膜；富含维生素A，有效维护皮肤毛发；富含钾元素，有明显降血压的功效；富含膳食纤维，可预防便秘葡萄含有丰富的铁质，有补血作用；葡萄中的果糖和葡萄糖含量丰富，可补充热量；葡萄中含的类黄酮可抵抗衰老；另外，葡萄中含有番茄红素，多吃可增加男性精子数量，对原因不明的不育症有较好的效果。主要功效：补血良果桃中含铁丰富，在水果中居首位，含果胶可预防便秘，含钠少，含钾多，多治疗肺病有非常好的效果。主要效果：天下第一果苦杏仁能止咳平喘，润肺通便可治疗肺病，咳嗽等疾病。而甜杏仁和干果杏仁偏于滋润，有一定的补肺作用。杏中含黄酮类物质较多，可预防心脏病。杏有很强的抗癌作用，因为它富有维生素B17，而维生素B17又是极有效的抗癌物质。杏中还富含维生素C和多酚类成分。主要功效：不含脂肪的低热量水果荔枝性温和甘酸，有补脑健身，开胃理气，益血生津，促进食欲等功效。主要功效：健美养颜西瓜富含维生素C有助于保护肝脏；富含丰富的糖和盐，有助于利尿；有明显的解酒解毒作用。主要功效：消夏解渴草莓中有一种胺类物质，可预防白血病；含鞣酸，可防癌；含有果胶和丰富的膳食纤维；还含有较丰富的胡萝卜素。主要功效：果中皇后樱桃含铁特别高，位居各水果之首；富含果胶，可降低血糖；除含丰富的维生素，还含有花色素，花青素，红色素等多种生物素，有止痛消炎的效果。主要功效：含铁之冠猕猴桃含的粗纤维和膳食纤维是生食水果中最高的，对高血压，高血脂及冠心病均有防治效果；富含大量的维生素C和蛋白酶；其中的血清具有稳定情绪，镇静心情的作用。主要功效：维C之王山楂的含钙量食各种水果中最高的，不仅可以增强食欲，改善睡眠，保持骨和血中钙的稳定，还能预防动脉粥样硬化。山楂中含有三萜类和黄酮类成分，能加强和调节心率;山楂中含有不饱和酸，能起到软化血管，降血脂，降血压，降胆固醇的作用；山楂含有可溶性纤维，有利于保持餐后血糖的平衡。主要功效：含钙量高的长寿水果石榴含有多种生物碱，具有光谱抗菌作用；含有熊果酸，具有明显的收敛作用，能够涩肠止血；石榴汁是有效的抗氧化果汁，能抵抗心血管疾病；石榴汁的多酚含量比绿茶高的多，是抗衰老和防治癌症的上好水果。主要功效：九州奇果菠萝性味甘平，具有健胃消食，解热，利尿，解酒，消暑，降血压，抗癌，补脾止泻，清胃解渴等功效。主要功效：清香四溢的热带水果哈密瓜性质偏寒，有清凉消暑，生津止渴的作用，是夏季解暑除烦热的佳品；哈有疗饥，利便，益气，清肺热止咳的功效；食用哈密瓜对人体造血机能有显著的促进作用。主要功效：瓜中之王木瓜富含17种以上的氨基酸及多种营养元素，能抗菌消炎，舒筋活络，祛风止痛消肿；所含的齐墩果成分，有护肝降酶，抗菌消炎，降低血脂等功效；独有的番木瓜碱具有抗肿瘤功效；其中的维生素C含量非常高，是苹果的48倍，具有平肝和胃，舒筋活络，抗衰养颜，增强体质的功效；所含的木瓜酶对乳腺发育很有助益，有催奶效果。主要功效：万寿瓜大枣中含有一种叫芦丁的物质，可以软化血管，防治高血压；含有的抗过敏物质-环磷酸腺苷，能阻止过敏症状的发生；富含维生素C，是柑橘的20倍，是苹果，犁的100倍左右，大枣中所含的维生素P，维生素E等也居百果之冠。主要功效：天然维生素丸柑橘所含营养成分以维生素C和维生素P为主，可有效预防高血压和防治脑溢血；纤维含量高，可润肠通便；鲜橘汁能够有效抑制和阻断癌细胞的生长。主要功效；高纤维含量的水果核桃中含有丰富的亚油酸和不饱和脂肪酸，能防止胆结石的形成；核桃仁有顺气补血，止咳化痰，润肺补肾等功能；其中丰富的蛋白质，维生素和矿物质，对人体有较高的保健作用；核桃富含不饱和脂肪酸，磷脂，蛋白质等多种营养元素，对胚儿胚胎的脑发育非常有利。主要功效：营养丰富的益智果。 这样回答希望你能满意

因为字数超过一万字了 所以中文里稍微删减了一点 反正你是写英文的对吧 只看下面英文就行了关于磁电选矿相关应用的论文根据矿石中不同矿物的物理、化学性质，把矿石破碎磨细以后，采用重选法、浮选法、磁选法、电选法等，将有用矿物与脉石矿物分开，并使各种共生的有用矿物尽可能相互分离，除去或降低有害杂质，以获得冶炼或其他工业所需原料的过程。关于磁选设备的进展，已有若别，在物料中加选矿使有用组分富集，减少冶炼或其他加工过程中的燃料、运输等的消耗，使低品位的贫矿石能得到经济利用。选矿试验所得数据，是矿床评价及建厂设计的主要依据。从脉石中有时从其他矿物中分选出金属矿物或有价值的别种矿物的机械加工方法.With regard to the application of magnetic beneficiation related papersAccording to the different mineral ores physical, chemical nature of the ore broken ground, the use of re-election law, flotation, magnetic separation method, electricity election law, will be useful minerals and gangue mineral separately, and a variety of symbiotic useful minerals as far as possible, separate, remove or reduce harmful impurities in order to obtain smelting or other industrial raw materials needed to process. With regard to the progress of magnetic separation equipment, are already a number of specialized assessmentReference 〔 'a 41, here only collected on a magnetic separation and informationComprehensive weak magnetic characteristics of the progress of low intensity magnetic separation is to useHigh-performance chin iron boron magnets to create a higher field-strength magnetic drumElection machine, drum magnetic separator and pre-selection of large chunk magnetiteStone, the development is conducive to improve the concentrate grade of weak magnetic iron boron magnets (Nd: Fel knife) is the largest energy product can beTatsu "(T A / m), about drilling alloy shirt(SmCo.) Maximum energy product ( "T A / m) ofz-fold [51, silver ferrite (,) the largest energy product( A / m) 10 times. Therefore, the use ofChin-Fe-B Magnetic Separator line easy to raise the field strength and , for example, with hinge rod iron boron permanent magnet developed 'Permos'Drum magnetic separator magnetic induction of up to ~ can be used wet-dry election or an election can also be more idealStrong magnetic separator used to remove material to a strong magnetic materialQuality 〔6 '. British Boxmag - Rapid Rail Limited with hingeBoron magnets developed 'Magnadrum' Drum SeparatorMagnetic field up to ~ , for sorting industrial mineralsAnd abrasive powder 〔 'J. As equipment such as large-scale examples, IState Institute of Ma On Shan mine CTDG1210 following the development of largeDiameter magnetic separator, he developed a greater CTDGIS16 typeDiameter of the magnetic separator [3], the use of money-Fe-B magnetic system, cylinder surface-pingBoth the magnetic field up to , for sorting large magnetiteShek. Anshan Black Design and Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Shandong Zhang家洼cooperation in the development of iron ore a price 1400mmx1600mm electromagnetic water-cooled magnetic pulley 【.〕, the average magnetic field for the cylinder , handling capacity up to 200t / h, used for pre-selectionOne of the magnetite 350mm stone, eight months from the original 667,000 tExcluding iron ore of the 75,000 t tailings, a total increaseEconomic benefits of 534,200 yuan. In order to improve the sorting equipmentThe effect of the comprehensive utilization of mineral emei Institute conventional magnetic separationTrough improve magnetic 〔a re-election machine,〕 its groove from the upper body coneCylindrical-shaped change, permanent magnetic ferrite by the lower part of Round TowerShape changed to the upper part of the overall magnetic lines scattered formation of multi-storey circular magnetic system,Field strength distribution of 12 ~ 0kA / m, and equipped with the concentration of self -Control system can be sub-constituency pulp concentration of control in 30% ~Between 35 percent, the device in the application of Shougang Qian'an Iron effectFruit is: with the improvement of processes, improved sorting tabletsDegrees, with the previous fine sieve fine grinding process compared to that in millCapacity, concentrate grade and iron recovery under the same conditions,Increased the production capacity of . This equipment has been developedFor the price 300,600,1500,1800,2500 mm SeriesProducts. In order to improve the concentrate grade, Beijing Mining and Metallurgical Research totalHospital developed a Bk a drum magnetic field more than 1021〔Kawasaki machine. It adopted a very open 7 magnetic lines and downstream type electionBox, fill in the election together with me in Central and exclusive premium coarse tailings,Feeder terminal located in the overflow weir and exclusive fine-grained tailings, so that shipped with the tubeLine of magnetic material has always been the reverse flow of cleanAchieve the purpose of concentrate grade. The aircraft in Nanfen Iron MineConcentrator industrial test results show that with the price 105Ommx21OOmm half compared to current-type magnetic separator, a high concentrate percent, sorting efficiency , while the magnetic iron backLow yield of only is worth noting that the former Soviet Union to study electrochemicalLaw regulating the process of strengthening the magnetic 'Kawasaki. Research in the laboratory doSet of refractory ores and oxide ores, the first paragraph of the low intensity magnetic separationBefore using the electrode of the role of the most promising, concentrate grade will be provided ~ 1,4%, iron recovery rate of percent raise, , Weak magnetic separation tailings in strong magnetic regulated before, ironAnd improve the recovery rate of l%, . Easy selection of ore,Polarization effect, the first and the second paragraph of the magnetic iron recoveryRates were increased by only , and ~ 2Called. It is believed that the effect is due to the different nature of the ore, magneticOf different intensity and mineral composition. Also as a result of ore oxygenSubstances fixed potential value and exchange current value and restore the cathodeResponse to the current limit of different Strong magnetic strong magnetic equipment were limited mainly toPermanent magnet and electromagnetic roller or belt strong magnetic separator. BritainRapid Ltd. BOxmag with a hinge iron boron permanent magnet systemCreating a 'Magnaroll' Roll Magnetic Separator [ '〕, including the roll diameterGong Gong 75mm and 100mm in two specifications, respectively, for the OfficeThe rationale for fine-grained and coarse-grained materials. It is expected to pass an area of the magnetic fieldOften for the ~ , and loop generated by the high gradient,Sorting performance roller magnetic induction machine is superior, the typical applicationIncluding the purification of silica sand and feldspar, improve the quality and Tao AndalusiteFine porcelain material dry iron. The former Soviet Union developed a rotating magneticField Separator roller 〔 ',,, also known as electric sorting device. TheMain loser is expected by the belt and with the following configuration and with parallelConstitute a permanent magnet roll. Magnetic roller by the permanent magnet composed of three parts, inPermanent magnet poles of the Ministry of Law and roll to the vertical axis, before and after the permanent magnetBody of law to the magnetic axis and roll into a 45 "angle, forming the same levelFace in three directions of the magnetic field, magnetic field for the roll surface . PointsElectoral principle is the use of non-magnetic conductive particles in rotating magnetic rollerRotating magnetic field generated by the driving force for transforming the role of pay and non-derivativeXinhua particle separation of aircraft being used for non-ferrous metal processing residue fromRecovery of scrap and waste aluminum, copper and other metal particles, conductor productionPurity and recovery of goods are up more than 94 percent. China's MaHill Mining Research Institute, following the development of Cs-1-type roller magnetic separatorAfter the development of a Cs-2 electromagnetic induction strong magnetic rollerMachine 〔''], the roll diameter and effective length of 380mm were smartAnd 1468mm, parallel twin-roll configuration, with a total of four sub-election,Magnetic field can be between ~ regulation, excitation, ChuanActin and were air-cooled power , 13xZkw justice Zkw. The aircraft used in Meishan Iron sorting 12 ~Chek Ling ZMM one of the indicators of iron ore is iron , the concentrate grade and recoveries and , a single-year cost-effective equipmentFor 630,000 yuan. With different roller magnetic separator. Ferromagnetism with teethBoard or the ball wet media as a result of strong magnetic separator structure is complicated,High cost, coupled with the type of large development remains is to promoteApplications and improve and perfect. SHP a strong magnetic separator 2000In Qidashan Iron Ore has been applied 〔'' ', SQC-6 -2770-type strong magnetic separator in Masteel satisfied people Gushan Iron Mine production flowCheng, Gong-1500 Shuangli Central strong magnetic separator further in Kunming SteelBy the popularization and application of 〔'5] SHP-keung, a 3200-type magnetic separatorThe improvements include 〔'']: magnetic angle from 83 "to 70., MagnetizingCoil replaced by the air-cooled, such as oil-cooling. Rather meaningful is that QueenslandSteel plate medium level of tooth ring magnetic separator and the ball vertical ring magnetic mediaMachine with the same test sample were compared [1 '〕, the results of tableThat the tooth plate flat ring of iron concentrate grade and recoveries wereAbout 4% and 8%, but the vertical ring-type magnetic properties as a result of the reverse flushingMaterial, which is not easy to plug for the screening, the following rough, rinse waterPressure and lack of strict water quality requirements, more reliable HGMS in the magnetic field of high gradient magneticStudy of the election is still occupies an important position, and made significant JinExhibition. Svoboda described a new type of high gradient magnetic separatorI''〕 plane, the aircraft using short-term water-cooled magnetic coil system, the magnetic field , input power 110kw, from South Africa University of theWitwatersrand gold and uranium tailings recovery, capacity 30t / h. FormerThe Soviet Union the new joint company克里沃罗格selection and black metalBeneficiation Research Institute developed a 600-type 3KM small magneticSorting machine 〔 'Lu'. Kai loaded aircraft using electromagnetic magnetic lines and mesh135 ~ x51 ~ punching screen for sorting media magnetic induction for the , processing capacity of up to 30Ot / h, forEnterovirus 95 to deal with a fineness of magic. N edge of the iron oxide stoneRock. Copper-rich Zambia's high gradient magnetic separator toTo the attention recently with the background magnetic field , sorting cans footInch 23mmx32mmx104mm (effective volume 42ml,Filling 5% 50 ~ 10, that is, steel wool m high horizontal magnetic field gradientMagnetic devices, to 5 ~ 38 al m ore of copper concentrate and madeExperimental research on t ',', in the feed flow rate of 7cm / s and cleaning velocity14cm / s under the conditions of separation twice before a magnetic productsChalcopyrite and bornite content from 72 to 86 percent called backThe yield was 82%; after a magnetic products, copper contentFrom 16%.Increased to 44 percent, and the recovery was 72 enterovirus. In China,HGMS who has been cross-industrial applications period, workers from China and South AfricaIndustry, universities and Ganzhou, Jiangxi Institute of cooperation in the development of nonferrous metallurgyThe SLON a 1000 vertical ring pulsating high gradient magnetic separator has beenThe development of a r500 type SLON 〔 '. ', Its diameter by sorting1ooomm to 150omm, mail handling capacity t / h to30t / h, and structural improvements, performance has increased, the firstTaiwan SLON a 1500-type magnetic separator installed in 1989 regardlessMountain iron ore, to deal with slime and strong magnetic separation tailings, such as fine-grained RefractoryMixed materials, the original estimated annual economic benefit is million yuan'''',Inter reached million yuan. Passed technical appraisal in 1990 afterThe mine has ordered a 1500-type SLON a pulsating high ladderSeparator degrees. The past two years, also iron ore and copper GongchanglingCopper applications were recorded in the five and a one SLON1500 vertical ring pulsating high gradient magnetic separator. On the pulse of high-OssetiaMagnetic principle degrees were also made to further explore 〔 "]. Zhongnan EngineeringIndustry University of Pangushan Tungsten fine mud of pulsating high gradient magnetic separator testA post-mortem studies also received a good indicator of 'Chuan: containing the fine mud at the right time under the conditions of separation, to be with WO3Volume of percent and percent recovery rate of Scheelite; and non -Pulsating high gradient magnetic separator compared to the high concentrate grade recovery rate was only percent lower. By the Central South University and aldehyde hillsMunicipal Science and Technology Development Center, developed in cooperation CL Kazunori 500mmVibration cycle high gradient magnetic separator''〔 "to fill China's highRidge soil HGMS blank. It's tank tracks and well-differentiatedDo not for 500mm and 300mm, the magnetic field up to ZT, power consumptionAbout 220kw, handling about Zt / h. Industrial tests showed thatIt's exciting and good cooling performance, can effectively remove highRidge soil micro-paramagnetic iron particles, a significant increase in high -Ridge soil and into a white porcelain, can produce better economic and the high gradient magnetic separation theory, since 1973Watson made a number of magnetic particle collector concept 〔25 'have beenEstablished a fairly complete theory of magnetic collector. Recently,Svoboda, who according to the energy point of view to explore the high gradientNew theory of magnetic collector 〔26]. In his view, the paramagnetic particles inHigh gradient magnetic field and magnetic wire trap with a collision withSome of the overall role in a London for the role of van der Waals energy, double -Layer energy, with an average energy and shear stress on the particles ZuogongAnd of and derived by medium particle collector wire radius(Limited to particle size) and particle magnetization coefficient, strong magnetic fieldDegrees, medium wire magnetization and radius, fluid velocity and densityDegrees and the viscous coefficient of the superconducting magnetic superconducting magnetic separation has been into the large-scale chemicalIndustry application period. Eriez Magnetic company, following the United States in 1986Will be re-25 leaves, a diameter of 2134mm Tank superconducting magnetic separatorJ. M. Huber Corporation for kaolin processing plant purification of high -Ling soil after less than a year, the same company also ordered aRe-250t, the diameter of 3048 blade n Magic a similar superconducting high gradientSeparator 〔Sichuan, when the aircraft is being created, he orderedThird such equipment, according to plan was the first quarter of 1990Degrees installation operation. This is the world's largest superconducting magnetic separationMachines, superconducting magnet with a Nb叭Wirewound system, liquid helium coolingTo a 269 ℃, only the beginning of each cycle supply excitationCurrent, in 60 seconds, zero magnetic field can be increased to ZT, RanAfter having been able to maintain foreign to ZT magnetic field, weeks at the end of clearanceClosed, the magnets' return 'of power is about to start when the' through to 'Half power. The cost of superconducting magnetic than ordinary high gradient magneticSlightly more elections, the second piece of equipment production costs than the firstTaiwan slightly more. Germany KHD Humboldt has韦达格Will be a superconducting Descos sold Drum Separator TurkeyIts 〔:'3, used to a weak magnetic serpentine gangue and magnesiumMineral separation, ore particle size of 100 ~ 4 magic n magic. , Containing about 510220%, FeZ034 intestines, including stem-election once was 510: And Fe: O, of magnesite concentrate rough. AircraftSpecifications for the price 120OmmxI500mm, the magnetic field up to , the handling capacity of 10 belly / h, power consumption is about h / t,Is one of the world's first for the coarse-grained superconducting magnetic separationMachine. Now expect the 'high temperature' superconductors to develop third-generation super -Magnetic sorting machine "' electric electionKelly and Spottiswood three papers with a comprehensiveReview of the theory of separation. The first review of the basis of principle,Including electrostatics; particle characteristics, namely, particle conductivity(Band theory, electron capture and other forms of electrical conductivity),The surface of semiconductor electronics in nature: particles or metal contactsThe equivalent circuit, fluid particle motion. The second assessmentDescribes the measurement of electrical particles and particle charge mechanism. XinhuaElectric field measurement, including measurement, Dutch power measurement, contact chargeCumulative volume measurement and conductivity measurement. Dutch electrical particles rationale packageIncluding corona charging, induction charging, friction charge, charge rate,Coehn law. The third review of the practice of electrostatic beneficiation,Including electrostatic concentrator theoretical analysis (stress analysis), StaticXinhua concentrator analysis of the experience, equipment parameters, sorting circuit,Three papers related to the literature 95. Xinhua election on I:. Arts andThere are some theoretical research reports. Additives have been used abroadA large amount of friction method charge at KCI and NaCIFrom. The Act the use of KCI and NaCI friction charged the differenceDo not, in the amount of materials in adding additives. So that the mobileLayer belt during transport friction charged, and then sorting machineKCI in a concentrate, KCI up to 92% concentrate grade, recoveryRate of 50%. . Shalom and others discussed the non-allUniform electric field separation of the exchange of technology for liquid and gas media articlePieces under the sorting mechanism "in Sichuan, the establishment of electric field strength, the NetherlandsElectricity and Coulomb force and the ratio of inertial force of to make a useful component enrichment, reducing smelting or other processing of fuel, transport and so on consumption, so that the poor low-grade ore will be economic use. Beneficiation test of the data is the deposit rating and the main basis for plant the gangue minerals are sometimes separated from other selected metal minerals or other valuable minerals machining methods.