视觉提取算法研究论文

随着图像处理技术的迅速发展，图像识别技术的应用领域越来越广泛。我整理了图像识别技术论文，欢迎阅读!

图像识别技术研究综述

摘要：随着图像处理技术的迅速发展，图像识别技术的应用领域越来越广泛。图像识别是利用计算机对图像进行处理、分析和理解，由于图像在成像时受到外部环境的影响，使得图像具有特殊性，复杂性。基于图像处理技术进一步探讨图像识别技术及其应用前景。

关键词：图像处理;图像识别;成像

中图分类号：TP391 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1009-3044(2013)10-2446-02

图像是客观景物在人脑中形成的影像，是人类最重要的信息源，它是通过各种观测系统从客观世界中获得，具有直观性和易理解性。随着计算机技术、多媒体技术、人工智能技术的迅速发展，图像处理技术的应用也越来越广泛，并在科学研究、教育管理、医疗卫生、军事等领域已取得的一定的成绩。图像处理正显著地改变着人们的生活方式和生产手段，比如人们可以借助于图像处理技术欣赏月球的景色、交通管理中的车牌照识别系统、机器人领域中的计算机视觉等，在这些应用中，都离不开图像处理和识别技术。图像处理是指用计算机对图像进行处理，着重强调图像与图像之间进行的交换，主要目标是对图像进行加工以改善图像的视觉效果并为后期的图像识别大基础[1]。图像识别是利用计算机对图像进行处理、分析和理解，以识别各种不同模式的目标和对像的技术。但是由于获取的图像本事具有复杂性和特殊性，使得图像处理和识别技术成为研究热点。

1 图像处理技术

图像处理(image processing)利用计算机对图像进行分析，以达到所需的结果。图像处理可分为模拟图像处理和数字图像图像处理，而图像处理一般指数字图像处理。这种处理大多数是依赖于软件实现的。其目的是去除干扰、噪声，将原始图像编程适于计算机进行特征提取的形式，主要包括图像采样、图像增强、图像复原、图像编码与压缩和图像分割。

1)图像采集，图像采集是数字图像数据提取的主要方式。数字图像主要借助于数字摄像机、扫描仪、数码相机等设备经过采样数字化得到的图像，也包括一些动态图像，并可以将其转为数字图像，和文字、图形、声音一起存储在计算机内，显示在计算机的屏幕上。图像的提取是将一个图像变换为适合计算机处理的形式的第一步。

2)图像增强，图像在成像、采集、传输、复制等过程中图像的质量或多或少会造成一定的退化，数字化后的图像视觉效果不是十分满意。为了突出图像中感兴趣的部分，使图像的主体结构更加明确，必须对图像进行改善，即图像增强。通过图像增强，以减少图像中的图像的噪声，改变原来图像的亮度、色彩分布、对比度等参数。图像增强提高了图像的清晰度、图像的质量，使图像中的物体的轮廓更加清晰，细节更加明显。图像增强不考虑图像降质的原因，增强后的图像更加赏欣悦目，为后期的图像分析和图像理解奠定基础。

3)图像复原，图像复原也称图像恢复，由于在获取图像时环境噪声的影响、运动造成的图像模糊、光线的强弱等原因使得图像模糊，为了提取比较清晰的图像需要对图像进行恢复，图像恢复主要采用滤波方法，从降质的图像恢复原始图。图像复原的另一种特殊技术是图像重建，该技术是从物体横剖面的一组投影数据建立图像。

4)图像编码与压缩，数字图像的显著特点是数据量庞大，需要占用相当大的存储空间。但基于计算机的网络带宽和的大容量存储器无法进行数据图像的处理、存储、传输。为了能快速方便地在网络环境下传输图像或视频，那么必须对图像进行编码和压缩。目前，图像压缩编码已形成国际标准，如比较著名的静态图像压缩标准JPEG，该标准主要针对图像的分辨率、彩色图像和灰度图像，适用于网络传输的数码相片、彩色照片等方面。由于视频可以被看作是一幅幅不同的但有紧密相关的静态图像的时间序列，因此动态视频的单帧图像压缩可以应用静态图像的压缩标准。图像编码压缩技术可以减少图像的冗余数据量和存储器容量、提高图像传输速度、缩短处理时间。

5)图像分割技术，图像分割是把图像分成一些互不重叠而又具有各自特征的子区域，每一区域是像素的一个连续集，这里的特性可以是图像的颜色、形状、灰度和纹理等。图像分割根据目标与背景的先验知识将图像表示为物理上有意义的连通区域的集合。即对图像中的目标、背景进行标记、定位，然后把目标从背景中分离出来。目前，图像分割的方法主要有基于区域特征的分割方法、基于相关匹配的分割方法和基于边界特征的分割方法[2]。由于采集图像时会受到各种条件的影响会是图像变的模糊、噪声干扰，使得图像分割是会遇到困难。在实际的图像中需根据景物条件的不同选择适合的图像分割方法。图像分割为进一步的图像识别、分析和理解奠定了基础。

2 图像识别技术

图像识别是通过存储的信息(记忆中存储的信息)与当前的信息(当时进入感官的信息)进行比较实现对图像的识别[3]。前提是图像描述，描述是用数字或者符号表示图像或景物中各个目标的相关特征，甚至目标之间的关系，最终得到的是目标特征以及它们之间的关系的抽象表达。图像识别技术对图像中个性特征进行提取时，可以采用模板匹配模型。在某些具体的应用中，图像识别除了要给出被识别对象是什么物体外，还需要给出物体所处的位置和姿态以引导计算初工作。目前，图像识别技术已广泛应用于多个领域，如生物医学、卫星遥感、机器人视觉、货物检测、目标跟踪、自主车导航、公安、银行、交通、军事、电子商务和多媒体网络通信等。主要识别技术有：

指纹识别

指纹识别是生物识别技术中一种最实用、最可靠和价格便宜的识别手段，主要应用于身份验证。指纹识别是生物特征的一个部分，它具有不变性：一个人的指纹是终身不变的;唯一性：几乎没有两个完全相同的指纹[3]。一个指纹识别系统主要由指纹取像、预处理与特征提取、比对、数据库管理组成。目前，指纹识别技术与我们的现实生活紧密相关，如信用卡、医疗卡、考勤卡、储蓄卡、驾驶证、准考证等。

人脸识别 目前大多数人脸识别系统使用可见光或红外图像进行人脸识别，可见光图像识别性能很容易受到光照变化的影响。在户外光照条件不均匀的情况下，其正确识别率会大大降低。而红外图像进行人脸识别时可以克服昏暗光照条件变化影响，但由于红外线不能穿透玻璃，如果待识别的对象戴有眼镜，那么在图像识别时，眼部信息全部丢失，将严重影响人脸识别的性能[4]。

文字识别

文字识别是将模式识别、文字处理、人工智能集与一体的新技术，可以自动地把文字和其他信息分离出来，通过智能识别后输入计算机，用于代替人工的输入。文字识别技术可以将纸质的文档转换为电子文档，如银行票据、文稿、各类公式和符号等自动录入，可以提供文字的处理效率，有助于查询、修改、保存和传播。文字识别方法主要有结构统计模式识别、结构模式识别和人工神经网络[5]。由于文字的数量庞大、结构复杂、字体字形变化多样，使得文字识别技术的研究遇到一定的阻碍。

3 结束语

人类在识别现实世界中的各种事物或复杂的环境是一件轻而易举的事，但对于计算机来讲进行复杂的图像识别是非常困难的[6]。在环境较为简单的情况下，图像识别技术取得了一定的成功，但在复杂的环境下，仍面临着许多问题：如在图像识别过程中的图像分割算法之间的性能优越性比较没有特定的标准，以及算法本身存在一定的局限性，这使得图像识别的最终结果不十分精确等。

参考文献：

[1] 胡爱明，周孝宽.车牌图像的快速匹配识别方法[J].计算机工程与应用，2003，39(7)：90—91.

[2] 胡学龙.数字图像处理[M].北京：电子工业出版社，2011.

[3] 范立南，韩晓微，张广渊.图像处理与模式识别[M].北京：科学出版社，2007.

[4] 晓慧，刘志镜.基于脸部和步态特征融合的身份识别[J].计算机应用，2009，1(29)：8.

[5] 陈良育，曾振柄，张问银.基于图形理解的汉子构型自动分析系统[J].计算机应用，2005，25(7)：1629-1631.

[6] Sanderson C，Paliwal K Fusion and Person Verification Using Speech & Face Information[C].IDIAP-RR 02-33，Martigny，Swizerland，2002.

点击下页还有更多>>>图像识别技术论文

推荐下计算机视觉这个领域，依据学术范标准评价体系得出的近年来最重要的9篇论文吧： （对于英语阅读有困难的同学，访问后可以使用翻译功能） 一、Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition  摘要：Deeper neural networks are more difficult to train. We present a residual learning framework to ease the training of networks that are substantially deeper than those used previously. We explicitly reformulate the layers as learning residual functions with reference to the layer inputs, instead of learning unreferenced functions. We provide comprehensive empirical evidence showing that these residual networks are easier to optimize, and can gain accuracy from considerably increased depth. On the ImageNet dataset we evaluate residual nets with a depth of up to 152 layers—8× deeper than VGG nets [40] but still having lower complexity. An ensemble of these residual nets achieves error on the ImageNet test set. This result won the 1st place on the ILSVRC 2015 classification task. We also present analysis on CIFAR-10 with 100 and 1000 layers. The depth of representations is of central importance for many visual recognition tasks. Solely due to our extremely deep representations, we obtain a 28% relative improvement on the COCO object detection dataset. Deep residual nets are foundations of our submissions to ILSVRC & COCO 2015 competitions1, where we also won the 1st places on the tasks of ImageNet detection, ImageNet localization, COCO detection, and COCO segmentation. 全文链接： 文献全文 - 学术范 () 二、Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition 摘要：In this work we investigate the effect of the convolutional network depth on its accuracy in the large-scale image recognition setting. Our main contribution is a thorough evaluation of networks of increasing depth using an architecture with very small (3x3) convolution filters, which shows that a significant improvement on the prior-art configurations can be achieved by pushing the depth to 16-19 weight layers. These findings were the basis of our ImageNet Challenge 2014 submission, where our team secured the first and the second places in the localisation and classification tracks respectively. We also show that our representations generalise well to other datasets, where they achieve state-of-the-art results. We have made our two best-performing ConvNet models publicly available to facilitate further research on the use of deep visual representations in computer vision. 全文链接： 文献全文 - 学术范 () 三、U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation 摘要：There is large consent that successful training of deep networks requires many thousand annotated training samples. In this paper, we present a network and training strategy that relies on the strong use of data augmentation to use the available annotated samples more efficiently. The architecture consists of a contracting path to capture context and a symmetric expanding path that enables precise localization. We show that such a network can be trained end-to-end from very few images and outperforms the prior best method (a sliding-window convolutional network) on the ISBI challenge for segmentation of neuronal structures in electron microscopic stacks. Using the same network trained on transmitted light microscopy images (phase contrast and DIC) we won the ISBI cell tracking challenge 2015 in these categories by a large margin. Moreover, the network is fast. Segmentation of a 512x512 image takes less than a second on a recent GPU. The full implementation (based on Caffe) and the trained networks are available at . 全文链接： 文献全文 - 学术范 () 四、Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Context 摘要：We present a new dataset with the goal of advancing the state-of-the-art in object recognition by placing the question of object recognition in the context of the broader question of scene understanding. This is achieved by gathering images of complex everyday scenes containing common objects in their natural context. Objects are labeled using per-instance segmentations to aid in precise object localization. Our dataset contains photos of 91 objects types that would be easily recognizable by a 4 year old. With a total of million labeled instances in 328k images, the creation of our dataset drew upon extensive crowd worker involvement via novel user interfaces for category detection, instance spotting and instance segmentation. We present a detailed statistical analysis of the dataset in comparison to PASCAL, ImageNet, and SUN. Finally, we provide baseline performance analysis for bounding box and segmentation detection results using a Deformable Parts Model. 全文链接： 文献全文 - 学术范 () 五、Rethinking the Inception Architecture for Computer Vision 摘要：Convolutional networks are at the core of most state of-the-art computer vision solutions for a wide variety of tasks. Since 2014 very deep convolutional networks started to become mainstream, yielding substantial gains in various benchmarks. Although increased model size and computational cost tend to translate to immediate quality gains for most tasks (as long as enough labeled data is provided for training), computational efficiency and low parameter count are still enabling factors for various use cases such as mobile vision and big-data scenarios. Here we are exploring ways to scale up networks in ways that aim at utilizing the added computation as efficiently as possible by suitably factorized convolutions and aggressive regularization. We benchmark our methods on the ILSVRC 2012 classification challenge validation set demonstrate substantial gains over the state of the art: 21:2% top-1 and 5:6% top-5 error for single frame evaluation using a network with a computational cost of 5 billion multiply-adds per inference and with using less than 25 million parameters. With an ensemble of 4 models and multi-crop evaluation, we report 3:5% top-5 error and 17:3% top-1 error on the validation set and 3:6% top-5 error on the official test set. 全文链接： 文献全文 - 学术范 () 六、Mask R-CNN 摘要：We present a conceptually simple, flexible, and general framework for object instance segmentation. Our approach efficiently detects objects in an image while simultaneously generating a high-quality segmentation mask for each instance. The method, called Mask R-CNN, extends Faster R-CNN by adding a branch for predicting an object mask in parallel with the existing branch for bounding box recognition. Mask R-CNN is simple to train and adds only a small overhead to Faster R-CNN, running at 5 fps. Moreover, Mask R-CNN is easy to generalize to other tasks, ., allowing us to estimate human poses in the same framework. We show top results in all three tracks of the COCO suite of challenges, including instance segmentation, bounding-box object detection, and person keypoint detection. Without tricks, Mask R-CNN outperforms all existing, single-model entries on every task, including the COCO 2016 challenge winners. We hope our simple and effective approach will serve as a solid baseline and help ease future research in instance-level recognition. Code will be made available. 全文链接： 文献全文 - 学术范 () 七、Feature Pyramid Networks for Object Detection 摘要：Feature pyramids are a basic component in recognition systems for detecting objects at different scales. But pyramid representations have been avoided in recent object detectors that are based on deep convolutional networks, partially because they are slow to compute and memory intensive. In this paper, we exploit the inherent multi-scale, pyramidal hierarchy of deep convolutional networks to construct feature pyramids with marginal extra cost. A top-down architecture with lateral connections is developed for building high-level semantic feature maps at all scales. This architecture, called a Feature Pyramid Network (FPN), shows significant improvement as a generic feature extractor in several applications. Using a basic Faster R-CNN system, our method achieves state-of-the-art single-model results on the COCO detection benchmark without bells and whistles, surpassing all existing single-model entries including those from the COCO 2016 challenge winners. In addition, our method can run at 5 FPS on a GPU and thus is a practical and accurate solution to multi-scale object detection. Code will be made publicly available. 全文链接： 文献全文 - 学术范 () 八、ORB: An efficient alternative to SIFT or SURF 摘要：Feature matching is at the base of many computer vision problems, such as object recognition or structure from motion. Current methods rely on costly descriptors for detection and matching. In this paper, we propose a very fast binary descriptor based on BRIEF, called ORB, which is rotation invariant and resistant to noise. We demonstrate through experiments how ORB is at two orders of magnitude faster than SIFT, while performing as well in many situations. The efficiency is tested on several real-world applications, including object detection and patch-tracking on a smart phone. 全文链接： 文献全文 - 学术范 () 九、DeepLab: Semantic Image Segmentation with Deep Convolutional Nets, Atrous Convolution, and Fully Connected CRFs 摘要：In this work we address the task of semantic image segmentation with Deep Learning and make three main contributions that are experimentally shown to have substantial practical merit. First , we highlight convolution with upsampled filters, or ‘atrous convolution’, as a powerful tool in dense prediction tasks. Atrous convolution allows us to explicitly control the resolution at which feature responses are computed within Deep Convolutional Neural Networks. It also allows us to effectively enlarge the field of view of filters to incorporate larger context without increasing the number of parameters or the amount of computation. Second , we propose atrous spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP) to robustly segment objects at multiple scales. ASPP probes an incoming convolutional feature layer with filters at multiple sampling rates and effective fields-of-views, thus capturing objects as well as image context at multiple scales. Third , we improve the localization of object boundaries by combining methods from DCNNs and probabilistic graphical models. The commonly deployed combination of max-pooling and downsampling in DCNNs achieves invariance but has a toll on localization accuracy. We overcome this by combining the responses at the final DCNN layer with a fully connected Conditional Random Field (CRF), which is shown both qualitatively and quantitatively to improve localization performance. Our proposed “DeepLab” system sets the new state-of-art at the PASCAL VOC-2012 semantic image segmentation task, reaching percent mIOU in the test set, and advances the results on three other datasets: PASCAL-Context, PASCAL-Person-Part, and Cityscapes. All of our code is made publicly available online. 全文链接： 文献全文 - 学术范 () 希望对你有帮助！