翻硕毕业论文开题报告

硕士论文开题报告格式与开题报告写作技巧

导语：在论文的撰写过程中，书写开题报告是非常的重要的步骤。下面是我分享的硕士论文开题报告格式与开题报告写作技巧，欢迎阅读!

1、毕业论文选题的原则

毕业论文选题一般要求满足以下原则：

①开拓性:前人没有专门研究过或虽已研究但尚无理想的结果，有待进一步的探讨和研究，或是学术界有分歧，有必要深入研究探讨的问题;

②先进性:硕士毕业论文要有新的见解，博士毕业论文要做出创造性成果;

③成果的必要性:所选课题应有需要背景，针对实际的和科学发展的需要，即应有实际效益或学术价值;

④成果的可能性:课题的内容要有科学性，难易程度和工作量要适当，充分考虑到在一定时间内获得成果的可能性。

2、开题报告的内容与撰写要求

开题报告的内容一般包括：题目、立论依据(毕业论文选题的目的与意义、国内外研究现状)、研究方案(研究目标、研究内容、研究方法、研究过程、拟解决的关键问题及创新点)、条件分析(仪器设备、协作单位及分工、人员配置)等。

(1) 开题报告——毕业论文题目

题目是毕业论文中心思想的高度概括，要求:

①准确、规范。要将研究的问题准确地概括出来，反映出研究的深度和广度，反映出研究的性质，反映出实验研究的基本要求——处理因素、受试对象及实验效应等。用词造句要科学、规范。

②简洁。要用尽可能少的文字表达，一般不得超过20个汉字。

(2)开题报告——毕业设计立论依据

开题报告中要考虑：

① 毕业论文的选题目的与意义，即回答为什么要研究，交代研究的价值及需要背景。一般先谈现实需要——由存在的问题导出研究的实际意义，然后再谈理论及学术价值，要求具体、客观，且具有针对性，注重资料分析基础，注重时代、地区或单位发展的需要，切忌空洞无物的口号。

② 国内外研究现状，即文献综述，要以查阅文献为前提，所查阅的文献应与研究问题相关，但又不能过于局限。与问题无关则流散无穷;过于局限又违背了学科交叉、渗透原则，使视野狭隘，思维窒息。所谓综述的“综”即综合，综合某一学科领域在一定时期内的研究概况;“述”更多的并不是叙述，而是评述与述评，即要有作者自己的独特见解。要注重分析研究，善于发现问题，突出选题在当前研究中的位置、优势及突破点;要摒弃偏见，不引用与导师及本人观点相悖的观点是一个明显的错误。综述的对象，除观点外，还可以是材料与方法等。

此外，文献综述所引用的主要参考文献应予著录，一方面可以反映作者立论的真实依据，另一方面也是对原著者创造性劳动的尊重。

(3) 开题报告——毕业设计研究方案

开题报告中要考虑：

① 研究的目标。只有目标明确、重点突出，才能保证具体的研究方向，才能排除研究过程中各种因素的干扰。

② 研究的内容。要根据研究目标来确定具体的研究内容，要求全面、详实、周密，研究内容笼统、模糊，甚至把研究目的、意义当作内容，往往使研究进程陷于被动。

③ 研究的`方法。选题确立后，最重要的莫过于方法。假如对牛弹琴，不看对象地应用方法，错误便在所难免，相反，即便是已研究过的课题，只要采取一个新的视角，采用一种新的方法，也常能得出创新的结论。

④ 研究的过程。整个研究在时间及顺序上的安排，要分阶段进行，对每一阶段的起止时间、相应的研究内容及成果均要有明确的规定，阶段之间不能间断，以保证研究进程的连续性。

⑤ 拟解决的关键问题。对可能遇到的最主要的、最根本的关键性困难与问题要有准确、科学的估计和判断，并采取可行的解决方法和措施。

⑥ 创新点。要突出重点，突出所选课题与同类其他研究的不同之处。

(4) 开题报告——毕业设计条件分析

突出仪器设备等物质条件的优势。明确协作单位及分工，分工要合理，明确各自的工作及职责，同时又要注意全体人员的密切合作。提倡成立导师组，导师组成员的选择要充分考虑课题研究的实际需要，要以知识结构的互补为依据。

知识扩展：研究生开题报告需要扎实的“六个基础”

1、兴趣

研究生论文题目的确定，不管题目的来源如何，最关键的是要对其感兴趣，有了兴趣才会有兴奋点，才会花费大量的时间、付出艰辛的努力来达成。同时，需要注意兴趣要和自己的问题域相联系，不能泛化兴趣，增加研究成本。

2、师承

研究生的开题最好在导师及其指导的研究生已有研究基础上进行。研究生在开题前，应该对导师、导师的导师及导师的弟子所进行的研究进行针对性的梳理，了解群体研究过什么，近几年正在研究什么，所选题目最好与群体研究方向一致，并成为这一群体研究成果的重要组成部分。

3、目标

研究生论文的写作可以有三个层次的目标：(1)拿到硕士学位;(2)为考博打基础;(3)为一生的持续研究奠定基础。研究生进行开题报告时可以先自我确定一下自己的目标属于哪一个层次，根据目标进行开题报告和论文的写作。当然，对于研究生而言，最好达到第二或第三层次，进入一个学术领域去进行持续的研究。

4、文献

开题报告的写作建立在大量文献查阅的基础上。研究生在开题前，应在基本确定问题域的基础上，依据全国报刊索引、中国人民大学复印资料、知网等进行检索，了解自己想要研究的方向前人已经做过哪些相关方面的研究，在掌握详实资料的基础上进行论文开题和论文写作，提高开题报告的水平和论文的质感。

5、知识

开题报告的顺利进行，除了查阅大量的一手、二手文献外，还需要调动自己已有的知识储备，思考自己对这一问题已经形成的认识，将文献中查阅到的内容和自己已有的知识融会贯通，形成对这一问题比较清晰、连贯的理解。

6、实践

研究生开题报告的顺利进行还需要以实践为基础，也就是说，需要研究生对社会实践、教育实践等有很好的体验和体悟，在这种亲身体验的基础上，形成对该问题的直观认识，加深对该问题的直接体悟，使自己在该问题上有更多的话语权。目前看来，这种实践可以分为三种，历史的实践、亲身实践和网络实践。要在这些实践基础上，对自己所研究的问题进行更深层次的探讨。

英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文

以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文，供大家参考!

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms