sci论文写作的万能句

· 作者姓名和单位(Author and department)这一项属于论文署名问题。署名一是为了表明文责自负，二是记录作用的劳动成果，三是便于读者与作者的联系及文献检索(作者索引)。大致分为二种情形，即：单个作者论文和多作者论文。后者按署名顺序列为第一作者、第二作者……。重要的是坚持实事求是的态度，对研究工作与论文撰写实际贡献最大的列为第一作者，贡献次之的，列为第二作者，余类推。注明作者所在单位同样是为了便于读者与作者的联系。(三)摘要(Abstract)论文一般应有摘要，有些为了国际交流，还有外文(多用英文)摘要。它是论文内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述。其他用是不阅读论文全文即能获得必要的信息。摘要应包含以下内容： ①从事这一研究的目的和重要性; ②研究的主要内容，指明完成了哪些工作; ③获得的基本结论和研究成果，突出论文的新见解; ④结论或结果的意义。· 关键词(Key words)关键词属于主题词中的一类。主题词除关键词外，还包含有单元词、标题词的叙词。主题词是用来描述文献资料主题和给出检索文献资料的一种新型的情报检索语言词汇，正是由于它的出现和发展，才使得情报检索计算机化(计算机检索)成为可能。 主题词是指以概念的特性关系来区分事物，用自然语言来表达，并且具有组配功能，用以准确显示词与词之间的语义概念关系的动态性的词或词组。关键词是标示文献关建主题内容，但未经规范处理的主题词。关键词是为了文献标引工作，从论文中选取出来，用以表示全文主要内容信息款目的单词或术语。一篇论文可选取3~8个词作为关键词。关键词或主题词的一般选择方法是由作者在完成论文写作后，纵观全文，先出能表示论文主要内容的信息或词汇，这些住处或词江，可以从论文标题中去找和选，也可以从论文内容中去找和选。例如上例，关键词选用了6个，其中前三个就是从论文标题中选出的，而后三个却是从论文内容中选取出来的。后三个关键词的选取，补充了论文标题所未能表示出的主要内容信息，也提高了所涉及的概念深度。需要选出，与从标题中选出的关键词一道，组成该论文的关键词组。关键词与主题词的运用，主要是为了适应计算机检索的需要，以及适应国际计算机联机检索的需要。一个刊物增加“关键词”这一项，就为该刊物提高“引用率”、增加“知名度”开辟了一个新的途径。(五)引言(Introduction)引言又称前言，属于整篇论文的引论部分。其写作内容包括：研究的理由、目的、背景、前人的工作和知识空白，理论依据和实验基础，预期的结果及其在相关领域里的地位、作用和意义。引言的文字不可冗长，内容选择不必过于分散、琐碎，措词要精炼，要吸引读者读下去。引言的篇幅大小，并无硬性的统一规定，需视整篇论文篇幅的大小及论文内容的需要来确定，长的可达700~800字或1000字左右，短的可不到100字。

每一篇实验研究性文章的结果部分，都会有不同的Results，也会有不同的Figures，每一个figure里面又会有不同的picture。本文就将对Result的常用句式进行总结。 首先是英文时态： 结果部分的写作是 SCI论文写作的第一步，单从英文写作的角度讲这部分很容易写，我们要做的只是要去 描述实验结果 ，这一部分只需要一种时态—— 过去时 。 在结果描述的过程中，我们还需要 分段总结 实验结果，使每段内容的含义更好的被理解，这些总结的语句一般用 一般现在时 。 结果部分还需要一些 承上启下的连接语句 ，或者补充 introduction中没讲完全的内容时，其时态需要 单独分析 。 此外，将常用句式主要分为9个部分： 一.做这个result的最初目的，为什么要做这个实验？二.对result中的图表进行描述和解释三.强调某一结果的重要性四.开始讨论一个阳性的结果五.开始讨论一个阴性的结果六.报告阳性or阴性的相互作用七.强调这个发现是一个有趣的、令人惊讶的结果八.过渡语句九.对Result进行分段总结The standard approach to this section of a research article or dissertation is to present and describe the results in a systematic and detailed way.  When reporting qualitative results , the researcher will highlight and comment on the themes that emerge from the analysis. These comments will often be illustrated with excerpts from the raw data. In text based studies, this may comprise quotations from primary sources. 即首先要点明这个这一部分的Result的主题，得到了一个什么样的结论，再用一些原始数据或者引用参考的数据来支持这一结果。 In quantitative studies, the results section is likely to consist of tables and figures , and writers comment on the significant data shown in these . This often takes the form of the location or summary statement, which identifies the table or figure and indicates its content, and a highlighting statement or statements, which point out and describe the relevant or significant data. Result部分里面应该包含图片和表格，文中应该对这一部分的数据进行解释。对每一个图表都应该有其对应的称述或解释，并且文字要有指向性，指向某一个具体的小picture。 All figures and tables should be numbered and given a title . 每个图表都需要编号，并且有一个title。 More elaborate commentary on the results is normally restricted to the Discussion section. In research articles, however, authors may comment extensively on their results as they are presented, and it is not uncommon for the Results section to be combined with the Discussion section under the heading: Results and Discussion.有些文章的result里只是对结果进行描述，但是具体的讨论会放到一个专门的Discussion部分；而有些文章会将Result和Discussion放在一起。这个要具体对待。 接下来是一些常用句式： The first set of questions aimed to … xxx experiment  was performed to identify/demonstrate xxx. To explore the function of xxx, we did compare the difference between … The purpose of Experiment 3 was to … Simple statistical analysis was used to … The next question asked the informants … To assess X, the Y questionnaire was used. Changes in X and Y were compared using … Regression analysis was used to predict the … To distinguish between these two possibilities, … The first set of analyses examined the impact of … The correlation between X and Y was tested using … T-tests were used to analyse the relationship between … The average scores of X and Y were compared in order to … In order to assess Z, repeated-measures ANOVAs were used... Nine items on the questionnaire measured the extent to which … 下面给了一些万能句式：涵盖了不同的主谓宾形式，可根据句子的长短以及具体的内容进行选择。 Decreased mRNA/protein levels  of xxx were observed in xxx mRNA analysis of xxx, showed significant increases of  xxx. RT-PCR analysis showed a higher expression level of xxx mRNA in xxx than in xxx. xxx treatment affected something, indicating the role for xxx. Drug A application increased xxx We purified total RNA from U2OS cells and added increasing concentrations of this RNA to G3BP1 protein in vitro in the absence of Ficoll and found that this RNA strongly promoted LLPS of G3BP1 This finding was consistent with the previous finding that xxx. Our data demonstrated that xxx plays a role in xxx Ligation and puncture in mice resulted in xxx. The number of cells surrounding the xxx was increased. The increase in the expression of xxx was abrogated upon xxx treatment. The elevation in the expression of xxx was decreased upon xxx treatment. What stands out in the table is … Closer inspection of the table shows … It is apparent from this table that very few … The most interesting aspect of this graph is … In there is a clear trend of decreasing … What is striking about the figures in this table is … What is interesting about the data in this table is that … The differences between X and Y are highlighted in Table 4. From the chart, it can be seen that by far the greatest demand is for … From this data, we can see that Study 2 resulted in the lowest value of … This table is quite revealing in several ways. First, unlike the other tables … From the data in Figure 9, it is apparent that the length of time left between … Data from this table can be compared with the data in Table which shows … As Table III shows, there is a significant difference (t = , p = ) between the two groups. The mean score for X was … Further analysis showed that … Further statistical tests revealed … A two-way ANOVA revealed that … On average, Xs were shown to have … Strong evidence of X was found when … This result is significant at the p = level. The results, as shown in Table 1, indicate that … A positive correlation was found between X and Y. There was a significant positive correlation between … The difference between the X and Y groups was significant. There was a significant difference in X, t(11) = , p< There was a significant difference between the two conditions … Respondents who reported low levels of X also reported significantly lower levels of Y. No increase in X was detected. No difference greater than X was observed. No significant differences were found between … None of these differences were statistically significant. No significant difference between the two groups was evident. No significant reduction in X was found compared with placebo. No evidence was found for non-linear associations between X and Y. No significant correlation was found between X scores and the Y scores (p = .274) X appeared to be unaffected by Y. Only trace amounts of X were detected in … There was no evidence that X has an influence on … The Chi-square test did not show any significant differences between … Overall, X did not affect males and females differently in these measures. A clear benefit of X in the prevention of Y could not be identified in this analysis. T-tests found no significant differences in mean scores on the X and Y subscales. Stimulation of X cells with Y did not increase the … With successive increases in intensity of the X, the Y moved further to … Following the addition of X, a significant increase ( P <) in the Y was recorded. When X cells were stimulated with Y, no significant difference in the number of Z was detected. Interestingly, the X was observed to … This result is somewhat counterintuitive . Interestingly, this correlation is related to … The more surprising correlation is with the … Surprisingly, only a minority of respondent s … The most surprising aspect of the data is in the … The correlation between X and Y is interesting because … The most striking result to emerge from the data is that … Interestingly, there were also differences in the ratios of … The single most striking observation to emerge from the data comparison was …除了描述结果和总结结果，在结果部分还需要用一些承上启下的语句，其目的就是把各个 部分的结果连接起来，让整个结果部分变成一个连贯的整体，就好像在讲一个完整的故事 一样，这样才方便读者阅读理解。常用的句式和段落承接方法有： If we now turn to … A comparison of the two results reveals … Turning now to the experimental evidence on … Comparing the two results, it can be seen that … The next section of the survey was concerned with … In the final part of the survey, respondents were asked … Previous report that xxx, led us to assess the effect of xxx on xxx. We next asked whether xxx was required for xxx process. Having shown that xxx, we thus speculate that xxx. According to the finding that xxx, one may note that xxx, so we performed xxx experiment. Having demonstrated that, we investigated that xxx. To discover additional xxx, we conducted xxx experiment. 为了让我们的结果更容易被理解，最好每一小段文字的结尾都有一句总结的文字，顺便还 可以解释一下实验结果说明了什么 对一小段文字进行总结： Therefore, the goal of this study is to demonstrate xxx. Thus, xxx signaling pathway could be a novel target for the treatment of xxx These results suggest that xxx mediates xxx and the subsequent downstream signaling events. Taken together, our data indicate that xxx. These results suggest that … Overall, these results indicate that … In summary, these results show that … In summary, for the informants in this study, … Together these results provide important insights into … Taken together, these results suggest that there is an association between … The results in this chapter indicate that … The next chapter, therefore, moves on to discuss the …

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