低应变法检测桩身完整性论文

低应变反射波法Low Strain Reflection Wave Method桩身完整性检测Inspection of pile integrity桩基础|pile foundation高层建筑 High-rise buildings(分类词汇：环境资源相关 )大型桥梁super-large bridges 深水码头Deep Water Wharf海上石油平台Offshore oil platform建筑结构building structure施工construction非线性弹性材料nonlinear elastic materials桩基工程质量问题这篇虽然是科技论文，但是我觉得他翻译成“pile foundation quality question”很不妥当，我将他修改成problems of pile foundation quality,，从汉语语法之角度考虑，这里的问题两个字是多余的，去掉更好，你自己看看吧！不确定性因素Incertitude Factors基桩Foundation Pile隐蔽性(Impercephbility)axial strain轴向应变研究热点research hotspot(也有用point的)桩身缺陷位置 positions of pile defects定性估计 qualitative estimation混凝土强度等级concrete strength gradethe signal of reflected_wave curve反射波曲线信号工程隐患Project Concealed Harzard一维波动模型one-way fluctuant model控制体(control volume),本构关系 constitutive relationFORTRAN语言编制程序program written in FORTRAN language响应时程曲线波形时程曲线response time history curvePile foundation is widely used as the main basic structure of high-rise buildings，super-large bridges，deep water wharf and Offshore oil platform. During recent years，there are many bases of pile foundation quality affecting the normal working and safety of the building structures. Pile construction has high impercephbility and whose quality presents many incertitude factors，from an angel of qualitative inspection of the foundation piles, it has important significance for ensuring the quality and safety of foundation pile projects to modify the inspection methods and improving the inspection quality and the reliability of inspection & assessment results，it is also one of the research hotspots in foundation pile field. The main functions of low strain reflection wave method is to inspect the pile integrity, such as the judgment of pile defects positions, the checkout of pile lengths, and the qualitative estimation of the concrete strength grade，the judgment of the pile quality using the signal of reflected_wave curve accurately, the elimination of the project concealed harzard，and the estimation of foundation pile quality. This paper studied on the low strain reflection wave method for measuring of pile integrity made of Kelvin nonlinear elastic materials, set up a new one-way fluctuant model to treat the problems of piles made of Kelvin nonlinear elastic materials, gave out a dynamics equation of control volume，and induced the relation between pile axial forces and axial strain using the constitutive relation of one-way nonlinear elastic materials, put forward a new calculation method for the fluctuation of one-way nonlinear elastic materials, simulated the pile-top speed response time history curve (or displacement, acceleration) numerically using program written in FORTRAN language, finally the author set up a curve database of the foundation piles existing integrity problem for the integrity inspection of foundation piles in the future.

随着我国国民经济与工程建设的快速发展，基桩检测作为隐蔽工程验收的重要环节，对保证整个工程建设的安全稳定起着十分重要的作用。在各种检测方法中，反射波法目前应用最广泛、使用最便捷，理论与实践发展也比较成熟，有比较先进的仪器设备及应用分析软件。但是总体而言，基桩检测技术在我国的应用发展时间不长，许多测试方法不仅理论上不够完善，实际应用中也存在一些问题。反射波法虽然发展较快，应用广泛，但同样存在问题和缺点（局限性），同时因其简便快捷、成本低廉，目前有忽视其缺点和适用范围而走向泛滥的趋势。反射波法是低应变测定混凝土桩桩身完整性的一种检测方法，其经过多年的研究、应用及发展，该项技术已经逐渐走向成熟，事实证明它是一种准确可靠、经济快捷的检测手段。近年来，随着深层搅拌桩在软土地区的广泛应用，工程上迫切需要一种能够对此搅拌桩桩身质量进行快速有效地分析与评估的检测手段。但是长期以来，对搅拌桩桩身质量的检测往往只能依赖于钻孔取芯或开挖取样等方法，这些方法尽管直接可靠，但由于其时间长、成本高，所以很难对大批量的搅拌桩进行综合质量评估，其结果也就难免以偏概全。因此，能否将应用于混凝土桩身质量评价的反射波法成功地应用于搅拌桩，已经成为桩基动测界中一个迫切需要研究及解决的课题。在国内，到目前为止，反射波法搅拌桩桩身质量还处于探索阶段，尽管有许多学者与同行进行过相关的研究，但是由于所检测的对象具有相当的复杂性（地质环境差异、桩身材料的非严格均匀性、桩周介质阻抗与桩身介质阻抗差异小、施工工艺的差异、测试现场条件的差异），其准确性与可靠性还有待进一步提高与完善。1 反射波法的理论基础与可行性分析基本原理基桩低应变动力检测反射波法的基本原理是在桩身顶部进行竖向激振，弹性波沿着桩身向下传播，当桩身存在明显波阻抗差异的界面（如桩底、断桩和严重离析等部位）或桩身截面面积变化（如缩径或扩径）部位，将产生反射波。经接受放大、滤波和数据处理，可识别来自桩身不同部位的反射信息，据此计算桩身波速，以判断桩身完整性及估计混凝土强度等级。还可根据视波速和桩底反射波到达时间对桩的实际长度加以核对。低应变反射波法检测桩体完整性的可行性分析反射波法是建立在一维波动理论的基础上的。假设桩为质地均匀、各向同性的一维线弹性体（桩的长度远大于直径，且入射波波长λ大于桩的直径），当用手锤在桩顶敲击时，产生的应力波在桩身传播满足一维波动方程，对于水泥搅拌桩的假设设定如下：（1）水泥搅拌桩是否可视为一维杆件。（2）水泥搅拌桩桩身材料是否可视为弹性材料。（3）水泥搅拌桩桩身波阻抗是否可以被识别。从目前工程上的应用来看，水泥搅拌桩桩径多为50cm，桩长多为8m以上，长径比一般在16以上，符合桩长远大于桩径的理论条件，桩体可视为一维杆件。水泥搅拌桩是由水泥就地与地基土充分搅拌硬化而成，水泥土在受力初期，应力与应变关系基本上符合虎克定律。可视为弹性材料。与混凝土灌注桩相比，尽管水泥搅拌桩桩身波阻抗明显要小，但目前大量的工程试验资料证明，水泥搅拌桩桩身抗压强度可达以上（425＃水泥，喷灰量50kg/m，龄期90d），其抗压强度远大于桩周土强度，基本符合-维波动方程的理论假设。对实际工程桩的检测也表明，一维压缩波在水泥搅拌桩桩身以内的入射、透射、反射特征清晰。基于以上分析，反射波法检测水泥搅拌桩的桩身质量是可行的。从该种方法的实际应用与可靠性分析来看：与检测混凝土灌注桩相比，反射波法检测水泥搅拌桩有着其自身的特殊性。首先是检测时确定检测龄期的问题。统计资料表明，到28d龄期时，水泥土的强度为设计强度的60%左右，到90d龄期时才能达到设计要求。从检测效果的角度出发，龄期越长，强度越高，检测效果越好。如果过早地进行检测，水泥土尚未完全硬化，水泥土的波阻抗与桩周土的波阻抗较为接近，则不满足一维波动方程的理论假设。或由于锺击时，因为桩身整体强度不高，形成波形的低频震荡，导致无法进行有效的分析与判断。因此建议水泥搅拌桩最佳的检测龄期为28d以后。其次由于水泥土无粗骨料，弹性波在水泥土内部传递时，介质散射引起的衰减较小，而介质吸收产生的衰减较大。为了取得良好的检测效果，应尽可能破除桩顶松散层，打磨各测点，并选择合适的振源，一般尼龙锤具有较好的指向性和穿透力。为减少弹性波的损失，应采用如黄油、凡士林一类的胶状或浆状物质作耦合剂。最后，选择合理的波速成为一次成功检测的关键，反射波测出的实际有效桩长：L=tc/2式中：t-弹性波由桩顶传至桩底、经反射后传至桩顶的时间（由仪器测定）；c-弹性波在桩身内传播的波速，m/s。因此，波速的选择直接影响到实测桩长与缺陷位置判断的准确性。波速选择的越合理，越具代表性，实测桩长的误差就越小，反射波法检测的可靠性就越高。经过大量的实践证明，只要选择合理，处理得当，在满足一定的条件下，完全可以利用反射波法检测水泥搅拌桩的桩身完整性。2 反射波法检测水泥搅拌不确定因素与局限性尽管反射波法检测水泥搅拌性有着快速、可靠等诸多优点，但仍有其一定的局限性。首先，经验波速随着龄期、强度、水泥含量、土样含水量变化存在着明显的不确定性，造成经验波速范围波动过大，直接造成检测结果误差增大。而为取得有代表性的经验波速，在工程桩同期打试桩，既不太可能也不太实际。所以这还得通过今后不断的积累和完善，建立起一套完整的经验波速与各影响因素的相关数据库，才能真正使反射波法检测水泥搅拌桩走向应用。其次，反射波法应用的对象应是一弹性的均匀体，而目前落后的施工工艺造成的桩身不均匀性，也制约着反射波法检测水泥搅拌桩的应用。有时因搅拌不充分造成的水泥层状、片状分布将会令反射波法很难甚至无法分析。3 反射波法检测水泥搅拌的检测步骤在检测中使用PIT-V型基桩动测仪，该仪器采用的加速度型传感器，横向灵敏度低，只有锤击到一个有效脉冲时，传感器才会记录一个信号，数据传输到现场接收计算机进行储存。锤击力量太大或太小都不产生能被记录的脉冲。激振产生的波动模式单一，只含纵波，可以得到清晰的底部反射。具体的检测步骤如下：（1）清理整平桩头；（2）调试仪器，选择适当参数；（3）将加速度传感器垂直安放在桩头的平整部位；（4）用小棰在桩头选择适当的能量激振；（5）选取较为理想的波形曲线并存储；（6）将数据传输至计算机，对记录曲线进行分析、计算，并评价桩身质量。结束语总之，应用基桩低应变动力检测法检测桩基础的成桩质量简变、快捷可以在较短的时间内完成大量而且复杂的的工作，是微波电子检测技术与电子计算机技术在土建工程实际应用取得良好效果的又一典范。值得在日后工程大力推广应用。同时，反射波法检测水泥搅拌桩的桩身质量目前还处于探索、发展阶段。反射波法在一定条件下可以对水泥搅拌桩的质量进行检测，但还需综合采用其它一些方法如取芯、载荷试验等对桩身进行综合评价。更多关于工程/服务/采购类的标书代写制作，提升中标率，您可以点击底部官网客服免费咨询：

A foundation has the extensively applied realm, is key figures building, large bridge, deep wharf of water and sea the petroleum terrace main foundation form that etc. recent years, a 基 engineering quantity problem influence building structure of the case of the normal usage and safety is a lot construction of the stake have the concealment of the height and the construction quantity of the stakes contain a lot of indeterminations factor, seeing from the angle of a quantity of 基 examination, the method and meanses of the improvement examination, the credibility that the exaltation examination work quantity and examinations assess the result, have the important meaning towards the quantity and safeties that insure an engineering of 基s, is also a research heat of 基 realm to order it a. The low contingency reflect a function with main method is to examine a body structure integrity, if a body blemish position judgment, construction the stake grows to check to settle sex to estimate the etc. with the concrete strength grade, making use of to measure glint a curve signal rows to break a body quantity accurately, expeling the engineering 隐 to suffer from, carrying on the evaluation to the quantity of the stake of 基 . This text to the Kelvin not the glint a new method of low contingency of the flexible material a body of line complete sex examination carried on the research. Build up the new model of the Kelvin non- line flexible material an a 维 of the problem motion;Give square distance of the control dynamics of the body, make use of a 维 not the line flexibility originally 构 the relation deduce a stalk toward dint and stalks toward emergency relation, putting forward a 维 not the line flexibility undulates new calculate way of problem;Adopt the FORTRAN language establishment procedure, the number imitates a speed( or move, acceleration) to respond to a form of the timing curve;Exist an establishment of 基 of problem to rise various form database to the integrity finally, is hereafter used for a complete sex examination service. And low contingency glint a method;A body integrity examines 2 phrases

桩基础 has the widespread application domain, is the high-rise construction, the large-scale bridge, the deep water wharf as well as the marine petroleum platform and so on use main foundation form. In recent years, 桩基 the project quality question influence construction structure normal use and the safe instance were very many. The pile construction has the high hiding as well as the pile construction quality has very many not definite factor, looked from 基桩 the quality examination angle, the improvement examination method and the method, improve the examination work quality and the examination evaluates the result the reliability, to guarantees 基桩 the project quality and safely has the vital significance, also is 桩基 one of domain research hot low strain reflection method main function examines the pile body structure integrity, like the pile body flaw position judgement, 施工桩 long proofreading and the concrete intensity rank qualitative estimate and so on, the use obtains the reflected wave curve signal accurately to delimit breaks the pile body quality, removes the project hidden danger, to 基桩 the quality carries on the appraisal. This article has conducted the research to the Kelvin non-linearity elastic material 料桩 body integrity examination low strain reflected wave new method. Establishes the Kelvin non- line elastic material 料桩 question the unidimensional undulation new model; Produced has controlled the body the dynamic equation, the use unidimensional non-linear elasticity this construction relations infers the pile axial force and the axial strain relations, proposed the unidimensional non-linear elastic undulation question new algorithm; Uses the FORTRAN language coding, the value simulation 基桩 桩顶 speed (or displacement, acceleration) responds the time interval curve profile; Finally 基桩 builds each kind of profile storehouse to the complete existence question, will use in 基桩 the complete examination service for later. As well as low strain reflection method; The pile body integrity examines 2 words

A foundation has the extensively applied realm, is key figures building, large bridge, deep wharf of water and sea the petroleum terrace main foundation form that etc. recent years, a engineering quantity problem influence building structure of the case of the normal usage and safety is a lot construction of the stake have the concealment of the height and the construction quantity of the stakes contain a lot of indeterminations factor, seeing from the angle of a quantity of examination, the method and meanses of the improvement examination, the credibility that the exaltation examination work quantity and examinations assess the result, have the important meaning towards the quantity and safeties that insure an engineering of , is also a research heat of realm to order it a. The low contingency reflect a function with main method is to examine a body structure integrity, if a body blemish position judgment, construction the stake grows to check to settle sex to estimate the etc. with the concrete strength grade, making use of to measure glint a curve signal rows to break a body quantity accurately, expeling the engineering to suffer from, carrying on the evaluation to the quantity of the stake of . This text to the Kelvin not the glint a new method of low contingency of the flexible material a body of line complete sex examination carried on the research. Build up the new model of the Kelvin non- line flexible material an a of the problem motion;Give square distance of the control dynamics of the body, make use of a 维 not the line flexibility originally 构 the relation deduce a stalk toward dint and stalks toward emergency relation, putting forward a not the line flexibility undulates new calculate way of problem;Adopt the FORTRAN language establishment procedure, the number imitates a speed( or move, acceleration) to respond to a form of the timing curve;Exist an establishment of of problem to rise various form database to the integrity finally, is hereafter used for a complete sex examination service. And low contingency glint a method;A body integrity examines 2 phrases