中西方语言差异的毕业论文

跨文化差异对国际商务谈判思维的影响资料包括: 论文( 12页8019字) 任务书 开题报告摘 要在全球经济一体化的背景下，商务交流活动日益频繁，跨文化、跨地域商务谈判已成为国际商务交流活动中的重要组成部分。因此，我们必须对各国的文化有更深入地了解，分析跨文化思维的差异及其对商务谈判思维的影响，通过对思维方式的深层研究，揭示不同文化背景谈判人员的谈判风格与谈判技巧，更为有效地掌握谈判进程，为取得“双赢”结果打下坚实基础。本文通过阐述谈判思维在商务谈判中的重要性，以及文化差异性对思维方式的影响，从正、反两方面分析在跨文化背景下文化差异对商务谈判的影响，进而提出应对跨文化谈判中思维模式差异的对策方法，如建立友谊关系，加强对决策程序的认识，关注不同国家的法律环境等，旨在为现在商务谈判活动提供一定的理论指导。【关键词】跨文化差异 谈判思维 思维方式AbstractWith the development of globalization, business activities are more and more frequently. The concept of “cross-culture” has been flexibly used by many entrepreneurs for their enterprises in the world. Cross-culture business negotiation has become an important part of international business communication activity. Therefore, in order to effect the negotiation effectively and gain the win-win situation for both party, we must have a thorough understanding of different cultures, analyze the differences among the cross-culture thinking, and its influence on negotiation thinking. Through the embedded research on thinking style, we can distinguish the negotiation styles and skills of different cultures. The thesis is to elaborate the importance of negotiation thinking in the business negotiation, and the influence of the cultural differences upon the mode of thinking. In the passage, the positive and negative influence of the cultural differences for the business negotiation under the cross-cultural background is to be discussed. It mainly focuses on the differences of negotiation thinking, the acceptance of different culture, the caution is the business communication, the complication of negotiation and so on. Furthermore, some countermeasures for the cross-cultural negotiating are to be put forwarded. Such as, the establishment of relationship in different negotiation parties, the understanding of the policy procedure, attention to the legal environment of the dissimilarity nations, etc. The intention of the thesis is to provide certain theories instruction to the business negotiation practice.【key word】 Multi-culture difference； Negotiation thinking；Thinking style

Western novels in comparison First, Western novels in the history of the development of Western novels are based on myths and legends of its origin. In ancient times, science developed, out of fear of nature, the working people out of the imagination is the key to many of the world "God", describing the personification of God is a myth; who will describe the deified, that is legend. China opened the world's Pan story, the story of San Juan Five Emperors, the West Greek mythology, Roman mythology, Norse mythology, and so on are all typical works. East and West, the original novel, is closely linked with the history, as historical records complement the event. China Pre-Qin prose in the fable, the Han dynasty in the history books, biographies, the Wei and Jin Zhi, Zhi-person novel; the West of ancient Babylon, "the United States and Ji Jia disabilities epic", in ancient Greece, "Homer's epic," "Aesop's Fables "And so on, fall into this category, fiction, novels such novels have been about the characteristics of fiction, it is still not the literary creation, directly from the private collection record, so this type of fiction plot is relatively simple, writing rough comparison. Ban Gu said, "On the Street Lane words, hearsay are made of" is a novel kind of accurate assessment of the image. China's Tang Dynasty, the novel is only from history and literature become a creativity. Tang Dynasty culture has developed, the author's ideas are more open, the legend came into being at this time, Li Zhaowei "Liu Yi Chuan", Po Chu's "Everlasting Regret," Wolf's "Everlasting Regret Chuan" And so on, are made in accordance with the creation of the legend. For the fictional story of the Tang Dynasty more emphasis on imagination and literary talent, not just the history of the nature of things, but as the history of Zhi Zhi who is also the novel did not stop. The Legend of the Song Dynasty to the novel on a gradual decline, which followed the rise of this so that after processing will become a scholar so many novel and Romance novels such as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Outlaws of the Marsh", "Journey to the West." The author of such novels is the use of private creative and re-created to describe the circumstances of the touching scenes of brilliant and vivid active in shaping the character known, there are obvious story-telling style of language. Here by the redevelopment, it will become an independent literary creation rather than things to come together with the civil process, the representative of this type is the "Golden Lotus", it was an open and ordinary life on the road, the reality is that literature has come a long way The development of the latter's "A Dream of Red Mansions" in ancient China Geng Shiba realism to the novels of the summit. "54" after the novelist began to learn from China's western fiction writing practices, and gradually out a new path. Western novels, is the "Renaissance" after the rapid development of mature. The development of the Middle Ages novel near-stagnation in the West, 14, the end of the century "Renaissance" to overthrow the literature of the Church of control, 15, appeared in the western end of the century to promote freedom of thought and the liberation of personality in order to describe the reality of life and portray characters from all walks of life for the content of the Humanist novels, is to tie in with this type of novel anti-feudal Europe at the time of arising at the same time it also set the novel in the West to human describing the tone of the main things. Jiaqiu Italy's "Decameron", Spain's Cervantes "Don Quixote" is the kind of representative works of fiction. The resulting novel is a classical, elegant favor of its national language to standardize the writing of this novel in 17th century France's most well-developed. As a note on behalf of Corneille's "Cid" neoclassical story of the rise of Western novels have been a language substantially improved. The beginning of the 18th century to promote popular science knowledge, enlightenment of the public consciousness for the purpose of the Enlightenment novels, of which there are relatively well-known German Goethe's "Faust", the United Kingdom Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" and the Swift "Gulliver's Travels" and so on, this type of novel to the emergence of the bourgeois revolution at the time to mold public opinion. In the 19th century, romantic fiction, realistic novels and critical realism novel turn to occupy the leading position in the field of fiction. Romantic novels, such as France Victor Hugo's "Notre Dame de Paris", Goethe's "juvenile Witt of trouble" and so on, imaginative, unusual ideas, language and imaginative, strong feelings. Efforts to reflect the reality of the novel is the essence of life, and depict typical life of a typical phenomenon in the United Kingdom Dickens, France and Germany are of such novels as a representative of the writer. Critical realism novels exposed the efforts of the decadent feudal system and capitalist society, the dark, in-depth criticism of the reality of evil, France Balzac and Maupassant, the United Kingdom of Charlotte, Bronte,. Russia's Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, the United States of a large number of writers such as Mark Twain's works belong to this category. Value today, the three novels in the West is still the most important of the three types of literary fiction. East-West novel on the history of the development of more or less the case. Second, the characteristics of the novel in the West In addition to the basic characteristics of the novel, the story of the West also have their own characteristics are as follows: 1, the traditional Chinese novel attention to the characters, language and the details of the description, in contradiction to the conflict to display the images, but the character of a single, small changes in the absence of the main flu. Western novels are more people pay attention to the psychological description, stressed that mining figure in the subconscious mind, good at writing full, the changes in the strong sense of the main characters. Again, "coach Lin Feng Snow Mountain Temple" in the figure is only through dialogue and action leads to contradictions and conflicts, but Anna Karenina Wogui before a series of conflicts only with his description of the psychological will be able to express their clear; for poetry in Lin In the performance of her literary talent, and Paul with his inner monologue of the ideal; Zhang Zhong-Yong has only the character, but Jane Eyre's character is the brave, strong, warm, kind-hearted, and so many of the character and rubbing and Cheng's. In short, people in the area described in the West has its own unique features. 2, China compared with Western fiction novel plot twists and turns more and more complete story. Plot twists and turns, the story is complete fiction China's unique traditional arts. The Wei and Jin Zhi Zhi people on the novel twists and turns with vivid characteristics. Tang legend in the layout of many of the famous, magnificent anomaly, rigorous and clever, dramatic plot development. The contents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties novels scattered irregular, undulating waves, Cuoluoyouzhi, careful structure, an integral whole. "A Dream of Red Mansions", everywhere She Fu, Hui turning point, the story of Jia's best writing. Western plot in respect of the outstanding works, although there are many, but it can not be compared with the Chinese novel. 3, concise and lively Chinese language novel, rich in content and rich Western novels. Chinese folk artists absorbed the novel language, at the same time inherited the fine traditions of ancient prose, often a few words will be able to outline the incident or the people. Western novels in the author includes a broad range of knowledge, involve the community in many ways, so rich in content and rich people can gain knowledge in many areas. Engels said he was in Balzac's novel about 19th century France's domestic situation than he received any reports are more. Western novels have different characteristics, and also in the West different aesthetic concepts to a certain extent related. 4, Western novels have been the rule of the feudal culture of oppression destroyed. Chinese feudal culture makes the development of the novel is extremely difficult, Ming and Qing Dynasties more people to write stories for shame, so many great writers living, creating the conditions are not covered, many of the great works of authors who do not know. Western novels in the feudal culture makes almost the whole of the Middle Ages in the development of extremely slow, and many talented writers were forced to church services, wrote some of the religious nature of the article dry hole. Third, Western novels in the future prospects for the development of End of the Qing Dynasty, China and the West have begun to understand the other side of the system, the advantages of the novel in the West have been constantly learn from each other. Of course, due to historical reasons, the Chinese side of the draw a little more. To this day, the novelist in the West efforts are still two researchers in the novel's artistic charm, although the different languages of each other's appreciation of the arts to a certain extent, but the United States are interlinked. We have every reason to believe that in the near future, the novel art in the West will ultimately learn from each other and integrate, develop and reach new artistic heights. References: "Foreign Literature" Shanghai Translation Publishing House Zhou Xu Liang "Contemporary Literature election," Zhang Zhong, such as Beijing University Publishing House "Chinese literature history of the development of" Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Liu Jie "Literary History of Europe" People's Literature Publishing House Yangzhou Han Wu Da-yuan Zhao Rui radish "Three high school language textbook used by the five dates of the" People's Education Press仅供参考，请自借鉴。希望对您有帮助。

浅析跨文化交际中的中西方非语言差异论文

在平时的学习、工作中，大家都写过论文，肯定对各类论文都很熟悉吧，论文是我们对某个问题进行深入研究的文章。你知道论文怎样才能写的好吗？下面是我为大家整理的浅析跨文化交际中的中西方非语言差异论文，欢迎大家分享。

跨文化交际指本族语者与非本族语者之间的交际，也指任何在语言和文化背景方面有差异的人们之间的交际。通俗来说就是如果你和外国人打交道。

摘要：

跨文化交际研究的基本理念认为，不同文化背景的人们相互交往是一个非常复杂的过程，人与人之间的交流主要是通过语言行为和非语言行为进行传情达意，然而人们在交流的过程中，首先想到的往往是语言交际，殊不知语言交际只是人们交际的手段之一，而忽视了用非语言交际来进行表达。一切不是用语言进行的交际行为统称为非语言交际，包括眼神、手势、微笑、面部表情、服装打扮、身体接触等等。

关键词：

跨文化 语言交际 符号

非语言交际和语言交际有很大的不同，它没有固定的规则来约束，也没有一套确定的符号系统，它可以连续不断地使用，也可以配合语言行为进行更完整的交流会话。在非语言交际领域和语言交际领域中，文化因素都起着重要的主导作用。非语言交际中，同一个体态在不同的文化环境中表达的意思会有着完全不同的含义。非语言交际手段十分丰富，但是，在多数情况下都是与语言交际结合使用的，起着重复、加强、补充的作用，在我们走进一个饭店的时候，就会看到服务员一边说：欢迎光临，一边对我们微笑鞠躬这其中的动作都是对所说的话的一种补充，从而更生动形象地辅助语言交际顺利的进行，使语言双方在交际过程中更直观具体。

一、非语言交际的特点与作用

大量研究表明在实际交际过程中，非语言交际的可信度较大，很多非语言交际完全处于无意识支配之下，比语言行为更具有真实性。

首先，非语言交际没有正式的规则和模式，因此要准确无误地理解和表达非语言交际行为则需要综合把握周围的情况才可确定。例如，一个人用拳头打另一个人，既可以表示愤怒，也可以表示亲昵的关系，那么究竟是想表达什么意思就要在根据特定的语言环境来确定。

第二，非语言交际没有一套具有明确意义的符号系统，并且每个动作所表达的意义也不是固定的。例如，拇指与食指弯曲做“0”状，其余三根伸直，这个动作在英美文化圈内是“很好”、“没问题”的意思，而在我国却是数字“三”的意思。

第三，非语言交际在表达时可以是连续不断的。一个人来到任何一个地方，无论他是否有意识或者无意识，都在不断地进行着非语言交际。他的衣着、行为举止等都在不断地传达某种信息。

第四，非语言交际的手段有一部分是人类的本能的表达，例如，哭、笑、生气等一部分表情。而有些则是后天习得的，如一些手势、姿势和服饰等等。

二、中西方非语言交际中眼神、手势、身势、面部表情及服饰的差异

1.眼神表达的差异

眼神的传情达意的功能是我们在交际时运用的最为普遍的一个内容。西方国家的父母从小就会告诉他们的孩子，听别人讲话的时候一定要看着对方的眼睛，一是表示在聚精会神地听，二是表示一种诚意、一种尊重。而眼睛如果转移或者是看其他的地方就表示对讲话人的`不尊重，是一种不礼貌的行为。而在亚洲的许多国家人们则认为讲话时眼睛直视对方是不礼貌的。尤其是下级在听领导讲话时，下级的眼睛要向下看才是表示对领导的尊重。

眼神还对话轮转换起调节作用。听讲话的人逐渐加强对讲话人的注视，点头的次数增多，这说明话轮即将转换，听的人可能要接着讲话。“接替的暗示要想成功，对话的双方必须在交换角色的哪一点活力哪一点不远时目光接触。这些的暗示有助于我们了解何时放弃谈话，何时得到反馈并核实反馈何时继续相互作用。”[1]165

当我们看到陌生人时通常都是目光触即移开。如果与陌生人的目光触碰后迟迟不肯移开接触的视线，则往往包含着好奇、喜爱、产生兴趣等含义，尤其是一个男孩盯着一个女孩看了很长时间，则代表他对这个女孩子有好感。但是我们的文化背景中盯住陌生人看是不礼貌的，而白种人则不忌讳这些。

2.手势表达的差异

每个民族都会运用手势表达一定的含义，但同一手势在不同的文化中却可以表达出不同的意义。例如，将手掌平放在脖子下面，在我们中国是表示杀头的意思，而在英语国家里却表示吃饱了的意思。即使是同一民族，同一手势也具有不同意义。

每个民族又有他特有的手势，我们在跨文化交际中必须知道和了解其中的意思，比如：英美人把中指放在食指的上面是表示希望事情能够顺利的进行;美国人站在公路旁边向路旁的司机向上伸出大拇指，是表达他想打车，还有一些手势语也越来越国际化了，像：食指和中指做出“V”型就是表示胜利的意思，还有把两只手摊开，耸耸肩膀，表示“我不知道”或者“没有办法”的意思。

3.身势表达的差异

总的来说，南欧、中东、拉丁美洲地区的人们交流时动作较多，并且动作幅度也较大;而北欧、英美人，东亚地区的人的动作却较少、幅度也较小。

美国教师和学生在教室里站立和坐着的姿势与我国的师生是截然不同的。我们觉得美国学生在课堂上太随便，教师管理的不严格，而英美人则认为我们的教师管理的太死板，束缚了学生的自由。这就是因为教育思想和文化背景的不同所造成的差异。

在我国表示同意的时候可以用点头来表示，“而斯里兰卡人却习惯用微微摇头来表示肯定和同意，表达否定答复或不同意时则使劲的摇头，但在表示非常赞同、十分明白时则还是要点头。”[2]12可见不同的身势语，在不同的国家里有他独特的意义。

4.面部表情表达的差异

面部表情确实存在着民族种族的区别，不同民族表达情感的方式和程度存在着差异。我们通常认为西方人面部表情多，东方人喜怒不形于色，难以捉摸。而研究又表明男人更倾向于隐藏自己的感情，而女人则相对容易外露一些。

微笑方面也同样存在着差异，虽然微笑一般都是表达愉快心情或者是友好，但美国人认为笑是表示高兴或者认为某件事很有意思。日本妇女因为慌乱或者遇到尴尬的事情而微笑。

5.服饰穿着的差异

现代社会中，服饰作为文化标志的作用也越来越大。衣着象征着身份和职业，某些大型的公司都有自己公司特制的正式服装，公司的职员工作的时候必须穿上制服，在西方国家尤为重要。什么样子的场合搭配什么样式的衣服，在当今社会中是很有讲究的，正式的场合，如参加宴会、重要的会议要着正式的服装，在参加西方国家的社交活动中，请柬上往往都会注明着装的要求，印在请柬的右下角处，而像一些随意性的聚会则没有要求，穿些随意休闲的就好。

隐喻的中西方文化差异Abstract: Metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon but also a way of thinking, which is one of the basic methods for human survival and cognition. It is rooted in language, thought and culture. Through the analysis and comparison of the use and concept of metaphor in different countries, we find that its universality and commonality of the metaphor as a basic human cognitive activities. However, metaphor in different languages reflects a different way of thinking and behavior and different cultural patterns. Owing to the different two modes of thinking and culture, there are some differences in understanding and formation that can not be ignored. Therefore, this paper will discuss the questions : metaphor, cross-cultural differences, translation. 1. Preamble Metaphor is a common phenomenon, a large number of people use metaphor to express his feelings and ideas. British scientists rhetoric Richards (IARichards) once said, "We have day-to-day in almost every conversation in three sentences may be a metaphor." According to statistics, life around the use of 4,700,000 new metaphor, 2,140,000 stereotypes of metaphor. Research in recent years, there is a great metaphor. This article introduced in the definition of metaphor on the basis of summing up the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western metaphor, and that its culture, precisely because of the prevalence of metaphor, how to translate metaphor has become a very important issue in the latter part of the article is aimed at The translation of metaphor put forward a translation of the three strategies. This paper studies aimed at trying to comparative analysis of English and Chinese in a large number of day-to-day language of metaphor to express, find out the differences and similarities, in order to be able to accurately translate the article in good metaphor to explore a little. This article is about the metaphor from the point of view to explore the differences in the way Thinking allows us to a deeper understanding of language, culture, the relationship between thinking and can more clearly understand the different ethnic language, culture, way of thinking, and so on On the nature of translation. 2. Metaphors in Chinese and Western studies In 1980, Lakoff & Johnson (George Lakoff & Mark Johnson) made a "living metaphor" (Metaphors We Live By) of the book, a modern metaphor to open a new chapter in the school. Domestic academia on the "metaphor" This is also a review of the system, such as Lin Wu's book "Study abroad metaphor Looking at the" beam-setting "metaphor research," Li of China and India "The main subjects Metaphor" and so on. However, the Chinese metaphor for the academic study of rare. "Chinese scholars on the study of metaphor, I am afraid the real contribution should be through the metaphor of the Chinese characteristics of research and study, through the metaphor of the Chinese and other languages in the comparative study of metaphor, metaphor for the establishment of a more general theory of the strong, and even unique The basis. "Lin Wu in the book" metaphor of the basic research the status quo, and the focus of the trend "in the main text, put forward a model of cultural metaphors with the relationship:" The language of metaphor is the emergence of expression into the system, which not only reflects the psychological Structure, but also reflect the different cultural models also play a role. " metaphor in the relationship between Chinese and Western cultures relationship Correspond to (corresponding) refers to the relationship between the two languages, English and Chinese in the meaning and metaphor in the use of the same meaning in the culture and image, and so on and-one mapping. This is because the survival of mankind itself, as well as all the external conditions, including the geographical environment, climate change, and the whole of human society and cultural background are certain there is a common, which formed a common humanity of their own and the outside world on many issues. In the "angry" mood, the English are angry that physiological responses, such as: grind one's teeth. (Teeth), bare one's teeth. (Ziyaliezui) an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. (an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth), reflecting the Chinese culture on the basis of common experience. non-correspondence English-Chinese metaphor, after all, rooted in two different languages on the soil, resulting in very different cultural backgrounds, fully corresponds to the few metaphors, the vast majority do not have common cultural identity in order to form the corresponding non-(non-corresponding ) Relations. Non-relationship metaphor can be roughly divided into three categories: Vehicle counterpart, Yu Yi does not correspond to English and Chinese in some cases there is the same as a metaphor, but in their own language and culture in the meaning of the metaphor means is different, even different. Peacock in the Chinese culture is auspicious, a symbol of beauty, especially the Dai people to express jumped Pavaner desire to better their own. If the Chinese people will be likened to a peacock, it means that beautiful light. However, in English, peacock (Peacock) is a symbol of pride, often interpreted as arrogance, love to show off. For example, They were eager to take the young peacock down a peg. (They want to pressure a pressure that the arrogant young guy's momentum). counterpart Yu Yi, the vehicle does not correspond to English-Chinese two nations due to their differences, from different angles to look at things the same, it will be a different analogy. As a result both English and Chinese language there is a different vehicle, but Yu was referring to was basically the same as the meaning of the case, that is the same kind of non-correspondence. Such as: a person described as the hearts of anxious, restless, Chinese is "ants on the hot pan" and English is "a cat on the bricks". There are similar: To kick down the ladder. Guohechaiqiao. Yu Yu Yi and do not correspond to Some of the metaphors Yu-Yu has a meaning and it refers to the language and culture are closely related, in another culture often can not find corresponding Yu and Yu Yi, which resulted in a culture known as the default Phenomenon. For example: in English "my rib" I am referring to Yu's wife, it comes from the "Bible" story, that is, Adam (Adam)'s wife Eve (Eve) God is with a piece of Adam's rib made. The Chinese did not, "the Bible" cultural background, and there was no analogy with rib habit, so the formation of a corresponding gap. Similarly, "ugly duckling" (Ugly Duckling) refers to the metaphor will get ahead of Little, "early bird" refers to the diligent Yu, in the words into Chinese language, culture, as a result of the default, can not find a corresponding relationship between metaphor . Chinese and Western cultures in the common metaphor Metaphor and culture to a large extent, human beings have a common understanding, rooted in the people's own day-to-day experience. In this connection, often between different ethnic groups are the same. Both English and Chinese language in a lot of abstract thinking that the metaphorical expression is the same. For example: the human child in the period to form a position on the concept of input in that direction in the form of many of them easily understood, including the position expressed by metaphor, which has become a fixed pattern of thinking. For example: The term direction (up, down) to describe people's social status, physical, emotional, and other abstract concepts to the case when the good is up; Sad is down. We Chinese are also not difficult to find a similar sentence: "Gas Prices "," enhance the social status "and" vision "and" depressed. " Since the objective laws of nature with the relative unity of different cultures to understand the nature of the course is similar to the cognitive experience. in the metaphor of the difference between Chinese and Western cultures As the English-Chinese geographical and cultural differences, living in two different cultures in practice there are a lot of differences, and different life experiences and let people understand the objective world, a different language carries different nationalities Cultural characteristics and cultural information. Understanding of metaphor is not out of socio-cultural backgrounds. For example, social and cultural impact of the color words is deep-rooted, some color words in different cultures in an entirely different meaning, has a distinctive feature of our national culture. Such as: English, said in green "inexperienced" and "shallow knowledge", such as: "a green hand", "I was very green when I started working there." The Chinese like to express the meaning of the word is "yellow" Such as: "Huangmaoyatou" and "flower girl". Cultural background knowledge is the metaphor to create a rich source of thinking, as the Eastern and Western cultures are different, metaphors in English and Chinese applications there are also significant differences. The metaphor of the cross-cultural differences between Chinese and Western influence Language is a cultural change in the development of the complex, subject to political, economic, historical, environmental and other factors. Chinese and Western styles are different, but in many ways to infiltrate interaction and integration, language differences and cultural metaphor for the inevitable impact is complex and diverse. metaphorical expression of cultural conflict Different nationalities in the world to observe a different perspective and ideas, different cultures there are a lot of conflict or inconsistency metaphor. If the animal metaphors, in English Long (dragon) is a kind of evil, will belch out smoke monster. "Bible", the dragon is the devil, is a symbol of evil and terror, there is a terrible vicious meaning. The Chinese dragon is in power, the auspicious symbol of Chinese traditional culture, the Chinese have "Wangzichenglong", "descendants of the Dragon." The same analogy in different cultures, different meaning, of two cultures "Dragon" to give a different connotation. differences in living conditions caused by differences in metaphor In English is a lot of metaphor and marine-related, such as: all at sea (at a loss what to do); drink like a fish (drinking cow); fish in the air (Shuizhonglaoyue); give up the ship (give up). In Chinese, there are a lot of the horse or cattle pose a metaphor, such as: "a willing ox" (a willing horse) Gan means to serve the community; "old ox" (a working horse) refers to the hard work; "bragging "(Talk horse), and so on. This is due to different geographical location and natural environment caused by different cultural metaphor. Britain is an island, ultimately, dependent on the sea, and China is a large agricultural country, farming culture deeply feudal society. different religious and cultural differences arising from the metaphor Religious culture of human culture is an important part of it by referring to the nation's religious beliefs, such as the formation of the sense of culture, "the Bible" in the story, with its language and meaning has become a feature of daily life in the West in terms of . For example, power of the keys (the keys to the kingdom of heaven; the rights of the Pope), in the right church, but in the wrong pew (in general is right, but not the details), and so on. Chinese culture and Buddhism, Taoism and more affected by the impact of Confucianism, the Chinese, there are a lot of related argot. "Jiehuaxianfo"; "临时抱佛脚"; "做一天和尚撞一天钟" and so on. It is due to the diversity of culture, resulting in the differences between English and Chinese metaphor. This difference to the cross-cultural communication has brought the impact. As a foreign language students, do not understand the difference between metaphor and language will make mistakes, sometimes mistakenly made good as pleasant, caused by either one or both of the conversation unpleasant; also sometimes mocked as a praise. When a native language other operators do not understand the language contained in the cultural differences, it is often difficult for such language to accurately convey the meaning of the understanding, difficulty to the cross-cultural exchange. 3. Metaphor of the three methods of translation The translation of metaphor not only accurately and effectively convey the original language, but also loyal, accessible, complete reproduction of the original language and cultural connotation and significance. But in the West because of cultural differences and different, so the translation of metaphor in English on the need to consider not only its literal sense, and so on, but also in the West should pay attention to their cultural differences. American Eugene Nida said: "Translation is the exchange between the two cultures. The real success of the translation, even more familiar with the two cultures is more important to master two languages. Because only in terms of its role in the culture In the background will only be meaningful. "Therefore, the translation of metaphor to combining Chinese and Western cultures, and cultural backgrounds to leave the translation, can not be achieved between the two languages of the real exchange. Literal Translation The so-called "literal" is asked in the language when conditions permit, in the translation to maintain the original content, but also to maintain the original form, in particular, to maintain the original metaphor, the image of the nation, and other local color. In the literal translation method to maintain the original expression of the culture and at the same time, target enriched the vocabulary and expression, such as: "a Pandora's box" (Pandora's Box); "chain reaction" (chain reaction). In the original text and asked the information contained in the same culture, we should adopt the literal translation method. (1) You are my sunshine, my only sunshine. : You are my sun, my only sunshine. In Chinese and English, the sun is warm, beautiful, in both languages, they disseminate information on culture are the same. As a rule, and asked in the original text in the form of grammatical structure, similar to the style or color on basically the same, the law should adopt the literal translation. (1) He is another Shylock. : He is also a Shylock. (Note: Shakespeare's Shylock is "The Merchant of Venice" in a very harsh mean business People. ) (2) To carry coals to Newcastle. : Coal to Newcastle. (Note: "Newcastle" is a British coal, coal is superfluous here.) 4. Conclusion Metaphor as a way to figures of speech or skills, a unique feature of grammar, which features make the sentence more flexible and constructive, but the United States. Is a metaphor to express more complex ideas and things, a powerful tool. Wherever and whenever people in their daily lives are often used metaphor. As Mr. Lin Zhuang said: "The metaphor is no longer expanding his knowledge and understanding of a passive process. To help us in the form of new knowledge, the metaphor has played an active role so that we can better a better understanding of the objective world." In English and Chinese Metaphorical significance of the difference is due to cultural differences between East and West, that mode of thinking, moral values and sense of difference. However, different cultural impact of what is the concept of metaphor, it is still a need to examine and address the problem. At the same time, in the metaphor of the process of translation must pay special attention to cultural differences. The best translation is to be able to accurately reflect the true meaning of the author, as well as its cultural and stylistic characteristics of the translation, that is, the translation of metaphor to make as much as possible the original language and to achieve the target language culture, and so on.