关于固定资产论文文献英语

这是我找到的一篇中文文章，再用翻译软件翻译的，请自己检查错误。谢谢在多种因素共同作用下，2005年固定资产投资继续高位运行，并呈现出增速平稳、结构改善、约束减缓和投资消费比例失调减缓良好态势；At variety factor common under the function, 2005 fixed assets investment continue Gao Wei4 circulate, and present to increase soon steady, structure improvement, control deceleration and investment consume comparison out of tune deceleration good situation;但同时存在粗放型特征突出、政府及政府主导的经济增进型投资过大、政府宏观调控主体和投资者主体界定不清等亟待解决的问题。But the existence be thick to put a characteristic in the meantime outstanding, government and government predominance of economy promote a type investment to lead big, government macro view adjust to control corpus and investor corpus define not pure etc. Ji to need the problem for solve.展望2006年，机遇和挑战并存，总体上是机遇大于挑战，全社会固定资产投资继续保持增长，预计增长20%左右，比2005年回落个百分点。The outlook 2006, opportunity and challenge keep both, total top is an opportunity big in challenge, whole society fixed assets investment continue to keep growth, anticipate growth 20% or so, drop percentage point than 2005.为保持投资经济平稳、健康增长，改善投资运行环境，促进社会福利总水平的提高，建议下一步投资政策主要着力在提高投资质量和效益、界定和健全政府投资与宏观调控职能、促进社会发展、规范房地产市场等方面。For keep investment economy steady, health growth, improvement investment circulate environment, promote social welfare total level of exaltation, suggestion next move investment policy main put forth effort at exaltation investment quality and performance, define and sound government investment and macro view adjust to control a working talent and promote society development, norm real estate market etc..一、投资经济运行在高增长中突现四大改善 A, investment economy circulate in the high growth Tu now four big improvement1、增速平稳 1, increase soon steady2005年投资增长延续了上年快速增长的势头，前三季度全社会固定资产投资57061亿元，同比增长，比上年同期仅低个百分点。 2005 investment growth continue last year fast growth of power head, the first 3 quarter all of degree society fixed assets investment 5,706,100,000,000 dollars, together ratio growth , ratio last year same period only low percentage point.但与上年“前高后低”不同是，2005年投资增长比较平稳，并未出现有人预计的“硬着陆”，9月比增长最慢的2月份仅高出个百分点，增速较快而且平稳对促进国民经济平稳运行发挥了重要作用，表明国家“有保有压，区别对待”的政策效应正在显现。But with last year"front Gao Hou4 Di" dissimilarity BE, 2005 investment growth more steady, do not appear "crustily six" that someone anticipate, September ratio growth most slow of February only percentage point in Gao Chu, increase soon and more quick and steady present towards promote national economy steadily circulate develop importance function, express nation the policy effect of"have retention to press, differentiation treat" just 、结构改善 2, structure improvement2005年投资在保持较快增长速度的同时，投资结构也在不断改善。 2005 investment at the time of keeping more quick growth speed, investment structure also at continuously improvement.从产业结构看，农业投资得到加强，工业投资增速放缓，第三产业投资增速基本保持稳定：See from the industrial structure, agriculture the investment be strengthen, industry investment increase to soon put slow, three industry investment increase soon basic keep stability:前三季度，第一产业在上年高增长的基础上又增长；The first 3 quarter degree, one industry at last year high growth of foundation top again growth ;第二产业投资增长比去年同期下降个百分点。Two industry investment growth ratio last year the same period descend percentage point.从行业结构看，煤、电、油、运等国民经济薄弱环节投资增速加快，大部分高耗能、高污染行业投资增速明显回落：See from the profession structure, coal, electricity, oil, luck etc. national economy weak link investment increase soon speed, big part hing energy-consuming and high pollution profession investment increase soon obvious drop:1-9月份煤炭开采及洗选业在去年同期增长的基础上同比又增长，增速提高个百分点；1-9 months coal mine and wash to choose an industry at last year same period growth foundation top together ratio again growth , increase soon exaltation percentage point;铁路运输业投资629亿元，增长，增速提高39个百分点。The railroad forward agent investment is 62,900,000,000 dollars, the growth be and increase soon exaltation 39 percentage point.黑色金属采选和冶炼及压延加工业投资1733亿元，增长，增幅比上年同期回落个百分点。The black metals adopt to choose with Ye Lian and press to postpone to process an industry investment 173,300,000,000 dollars, growth , increase ratio last year the same period drop percentage 、能源约束减缓 3, the energy control a deceleration从供需两方面来看，能源约束矛盾趋于缓解。 See from supply and demand both side, the energy control an antinomy to tend in alleviate.受经济高位调整，工业尤其是重工业生产增速回落，对能源的需求增速也开始回落；Be subjected to economy Gao Wei4 to adjust, industry particularly is a heavy industry produce to increase to soon drop, increase to soon also start drop to the need of energy;与此同时，投资增加和价格上涨，刺激了能源行业供给的增长。At the same time, investment the increment and price soar, stimulate the energy profession supply of growth.以煤炭需求为例，上半年除钢铁行业保持较快增长外，火电、化工、建材等主要耗煤行业增速均有所回落，受此影响，煤炭需求也在回落；Take coal need as an example, first half year the steel profession keep quicker growth, besides which, fire electricity, chemical engineering, building materials...etc. main consume coal profession to increase to soon and all have to drop, be subjected to this influence, the coal need be also drop;受煤炭出口退税政策的影响，煤炭出口也在减少，进口在增加。BE export by coal to tax refund a policy of influence, coal export also at decrease, import at increment.由于需求回落和净出口减少，煤炭紧张状况总体呈缓解态势，库存水平明显上升，从3月份开始回升，8月末达到亿吨，比年初增长。Because the need drop with clean export decrease, coal strain the condition be total to present to alleviate a situation, the stock level be obvious ascension, from March beginning rally, August the end attain 133,000,000 tons, ratio beginning of year growth .同样，由于价格上涨和电力供应增加等原因，石油产品需求也出现明显回落。Same, soar because of the price with electricity supply increment etc. reason, the petroleum product need also appear obvious 、投资消费比例从失调趋向均衡 4, the investment consume a comparison from out of tune incline to balanced由于近年投资增长高于消费增长，导致投资率逐年攀升。 Because recent years investment growth Gao in consume growth, cause investment rate to year by year increase.截止2004年我国投资率已经达到，比改革开放以来经济最高年份1993年还要高个百分点，而消费率仅为53%，低于最高的1981年()近15个百分点，远低于发达国家和发展中国家的平均水平(在70-80%)。Close 2004 our country investment the rate have already attained , than reform open economy the tallest age 1993 still want Gao percentage point, but consume the rate be only for 53%, low in tallest of 1981() about 15 percentage point, away below and flourishing nation and developing country of average level.(in 70-80%)投资消费严重失衡成为影响国民经济稳定增长最大的不稳定因素。Investment consume severity the disequalibrium become influence national economy stability growth the biggest unsteady factor.但由于城乡居民收入增幅提高等原因，今年消费需求也出现了强烈反弹。But because of the city country residents' income increase exaltation etc. reason, this year consume the need also appeared mightiness 月份，实现社会消费品零售总额比去年同期增长13%，实际增幅同比提高个百分点。1-9 month, realization society consumer goods retail total amount ratio last year same period growth 13%, actual increase together ratio exaltation percentage point.尽管目前不能准确测算消费率的最终变化，但通过分析，我们预计今年消费率和投资率之差会有所缩小，二者之间的非均衡会得到一定程度的矫正。Though can't be accurate to measure to calculate consumption rate currently of end variety, pass analysis, we anticipate this year consumption rate and investment rate of bad will have to contract, two it of not balanced will get certain correct of degree.二、当前投资领域存在的主要问题 Two, current investment realm existence of key problem尽管今年投资从总体上运行状况良好，但也存在一些亟待关注和解决的问题。 Though this year investment from total top circulate condition good, also existence some Ji treat concern to reach agreement definitely of 、粗放型特征进一步强化 1, thick put a characteristic further enhance近年来GDP高增长并没有改善粗放型增长格局，甚至还有所恶化： The GDP was high growth and improve in recent years thick put a type growth structure and form, even still have depravation:一是经济增长对能源的依赖程度不断提高。One is an economy the growth depend on energy degree continuously exaltation.据测算，2001年我国能源消耗强度为万吨(按2000年每亿元GDP不变价计算)，为改革开放以来的最低点，但从2002年开始，单位GDP能耗持续上升，2003年创造每亿元GDP需要消耗万吨标准煤，2004年为万吨标准煤；According to measure calculate, 2001 our country energy consume strength is 14,000 ton(by 2000 each 100000000 dollars GDP constant price calculation), for reform open of a little bit lowest, but from 2002 beginning, unit GDP ability consume keep on rise, 2003 creation each the 100000000 dollars GDP need to be consume 15,000 ton standard coal, 2004 is 16,000 ton standard coal;二是投资效果系数下降。Two is an investment effect the coefficient descend.据测算， 2005年我国1元投资仅能导致国内生产总值增加元，比2003年下降了个百分点，比1981年更是下降近元，远低于同期世界平均水平和发展中国家平均水平。According to measure calculate, 2005 our country a dollar investment only ability cause GDP increment dollars, ratio 2003 descended percentage point, than 1981 descend more to be close to dollars, away below same period world average level and developing country average 、经济增进型项目比重过大，社会发展型项目不足 2, economy promote an item specific weight to lead big, society development type item shortage在财政投入一定的条件下，在经济增进型项目上的投入增加，必然会减少在社会发展型项目上的投入。 Under the condition that public finance devotion certain, at economy promote an item of devotion increment, inevitable meeting decrease at society development type item up of devotion.近年来，财政对基础设施、环境保护、垄断性行业(如电力、石油、运输)等经济增进型项目的投资大幅增加，而对与社会发展紧密相关的如教育、公共卫生等投资增加却明显不足。In recent years, the public finance break sex profession(like electric power, petroleum, conveyance) to the infrastructure, environmental protection, Long etc. economy promote an item of investment significant increment, but rightness and society development close and related of such as education, public hygiene etc. investment increment but obvious shortage.长时间重经济轻社会的投资模式造成经济发展与社会进步相脱节、收入增加与福利水平相脱节、物质丰富与满足感下降相脱节的局面。Long time heavy economy light society of investment the mode result in economy development and society progress mutually become disjointed, income increment and welfare level mutually become disjointed, material abundant and satisfy the feeling descend mutually become disjointed of 、政府投资调控者与投资者主体双重角色的错位突出 3, government the investment adjust to control an and the dual role of the investor corpus of the wrong be outstanding从宏观调控角度看，中央政府主要制定投资宏观调控的政策，由地方政府具体执行； From macro view adjust to control angle to see, the central government is main establishment investment macro view adjust to control of policy, from local government concrete performance;从投资主体的角度看，中央政府和地方政府又都是重要的市场投资主体。See from the angle of investment corpus, central government and local government again all is importance of market investment corpus.从逻辑上，监管者和被监管者集于一身就存在悖论：From logical, take charge of and is taken charge of to gather at the whole body existence contrary theory:一方面，作为监管者的政府要适时出台政策调控投资活动，以促进国民经济平稳运行，另一方面，作为投资者的政府(尤其是地方政府)又要直接或间接参与到具体投资活动中来，其行为目标又是GDP(或财政收入)的最大化。On the other hand, conduct and actions take charge of of the government want well timed pedestal the policy adjust to control investment activity to promote national economy steady circulate, Be the government(particularly is a local government) of investor and want on the other hand direct or indirect participate concrete investment activity in, its behavior target again is a maximize of GDP(or public finance income).可以说，这两年投资“压”不“下”的重要根源在于这种双重角色关系模糊和定位不清，从而使得相当政策执行效果大打折扣。Can say, this two years investment"press" not"bottom" of importance the source lie in this kind of a dual role a relation misty and fixed position not pure, make thus equal policy performance effect big give discount.三、2006年投资增长的环境分析与趋势预测 3 and 2006 year investment the environment of the growth analysis and trend estimate1、有利因素 1, beneficial factor一是科学发展观统领经济工作大局，为投资保持一定的增长打下了良好基础。 While being science development view all get economy work general situation, for investment keep certain of growth the dozen descended good foundation.刚刚结束的十六届五中全会通过了《关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划的建议》强调，要坚定不移地以科学发展观统领经济社会发展工作全局，制定“十一五”规划的第一个原则是“必须保持经济平稳较快发展”。Just be over of 16 five medium whole will pass 《concerning establishment national economy and society development 11 five years programming of suggestion 》emphasize, constabcy with science development view all get economy society development work overall situation, establishment"15" programming of a principle be "have to keep economy steady more quick development".可以预见，明年国家将继续实行“有保有压、区别对待”的政策，既加强对环境污染大、技术水平低、市场供过于求产业的调控，又要保护地方和行业在政策范围内发展的积极性，避免大起大落。Can foresee, the next year nation will continue execution"have retention to press, differentiation treat" of policy, since strengthen to the pollution of the environment big, the technique level be low, the market supply exceeds demand adjust of industry to control, again want protection place and profession within the scope of policy development of aggressive, avoid fluctuate.

1.直线法:1 line method:年折旧额=(原值-净残值)/使用年限Annual depreciation = ( value - net salvage value ) / life2.年数总和法:2 years of summation method:年折旧额=(原值-净残值)*每一年的折旧率Annual depreciation = ( value - net salvage value ) * every year depreciation rate每年的折旧率=尚可使用年限/预计使用寿命的年数总和.The annual depreciation rate = remaining useful life / expected service life of .双倍余额递减法:3 double declining balance method:年折旧率=2/预计使用年限Annual depreciation rate = 2 / expected useful life也可理解为:Can also be understood as:直线法下年折旧率的2倍.The straight-line method of depreciation rate of 2 times.解析:直线法下年折旧率=1/5Analytic: straight line method of depreciation rate = 1 / 54.年数总和法4 years of summation method5.固定资产折旧5 depreciation of fixed assets6.节税效果6 tax saving effect当今世界In today's world、、

你google网上找一篇英文的，google翻译翻成中文不就行了百度的英文文献不多