国外谚语研究现状综述论文

对谚语的看法议论文：

谚语是一种流传至今的民间智慧，它们概括了人们在生活、工作中所遇到的问题和经验，并通过简洁有力的句子表达出来。谚语既可以作为个人的处世原则，也可以成为社会共识的基础。因此，我们应该正确认识和利用谚语，以更好地推进自身的发展和社会进步。

谚语是一种宝贵的人类智慧，它们包含着生活的真理和哲理，能够启迪人们的思想、指导人们的行为，同时也促进了文化的传承和交流。我们应该正确看待和利用谚语，把它们运用到实际生活中，成为我们生活、工作中的良师益友。

谚语的历史意义：

首先，谚语具有深刻的启示作用。传统谚语多数来源于历史长河，蕴含了几千年时间里智者的思考和总结。这些谚语常常道出现实生活中的重要问题，如“时间就是金钱”、“不经一事，不长一智”等等，能够帮助人们从这些简短明了的话语中汲取真知灼见。同时，谚语的内容通常经过长期实践检验，是被证明行之有效的人生经验总结，对于我们日常生活的指导和启迪都有着积极的意义。

其次，谚语能够促进文化传承和交流。谚语是中国文化的一个重要组成部分，它们是祖先的精华和文化遗产。通过学习和运用谚语，我们可以更好地了解传统文化，加强文化自信，并且在国际间进行文化交流时，谚语也可以成为我们与其他文化沟通的桥梁。

然而，也应该认识到谚语的局限性。虽然大多数谚语都是经过反复验证的，但是在特定情况下使用谚语可能并不适当。比如，“君子之交淡如水”，虽然可以表达人际关系淡泊的观点，但如果把它奉为圭臬，就可能忽视了友情的真正价值，失去了朋友间相互关心和支持的重要性。因此，使用谚语时需要根据具体情况进行审慎选择。

在前面的帖子中，我提到一句中国谚语“三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮”。这个帖子发表后，网友vmax给我留言，问我这个谚语是否可以翻译成下面的句子。我回答他说，当然可以，但我不鼓励您这样做，主要原因是：您的译文，我们中国人看得懂，但外国人看不懂，他们根本不知道诸葛亮是什么人，如果您想让外国人也能看得懂，您就必须在译文的后面，额外增加一段注释，介绍一下《三国演义》，再介绍一下诸葛亮，只有这样，外国人才能真正理解这个谚语，您说麻烦不麻烦？！ Three cobblers are more clever than Mr. Zhuge Liang.(三个皮匠会比诸葛亮先生更聪明。) 其实，我们中国的许多谚语，都有对应的英语谚语，两者意思相同或者相似，完全可以互相代替，一般情况下，不需要我们自己翻译。比如“三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮”这个谚语，就有一个对应的英语谚语，请看下面第一行。另外一个与《三国演义》人物有关的谚语“说曹操，曹操到”，也有对应的英语谚语，请看下面第二行。 ①Two heads are better than one.(两个脑袋比一个脑袋更好。) ②When we talk about the devil, he will appear.(当我们谈论魔鬼的时候，他将会出现。) 看到这里，有些朋友可能会问：在哪里可以找到这些对应的英语谚语呢？我曾在北京王府井的外文书店中，看到过这方面的书，书名好象叫做《汉英谚语词典》(时间长了，记不清楚了)，我们可以从这种词典中，查出大多数中国谚语的对应英语谚语。现在国内是“英语热”，英语图书(包括英语词典)多如牛毛，我想这种词典应当不难找到。 一个中国谚语，只有在词典中找不到对应的英语谚语时，我们才考虑自己翻译，不过这种情况好象并不多见。比如“周瑜打黄盖，一个愿打，一个愿挨”这个谚语，我就一直没有找到对应的英语谚语，因此我把它翻译为： One is willing to sell, and the other is willing to buy.(一个人愿意卖，另外一个人愿意买。)

ABSTRACT The development of people's ability totranslate figurative speech was studied, using sentences con­taining metaphors, dual function words, and proverbs, aspresented in classroom workbooks. One hundred twentychildren from first, third, fifth, and seventh grades wereasked to describe the meaning of each figurative word orphrase placed in context. Responses were scored on a four­point scale indicating the extent to which the child used aliteral or figurative translation. Significant effects betweengrade levels and figurative conditions were found, indicatingthat the ability to translate figurative speech proceeds alonga developmental hierarchy of language comprehension. Themajority of third grade children were able to translate meta­phors and dual function words into figurative language suc­cessfully. The ability to translate proverbs required a levelof comprehension that does not appear in most childrenuntil seventh grade, as suggested by recent review of the psychological literature onmetaphor suggests a strong relationship betweenmetaphor comprehension and Piaget's cognitive stagesof thought development (3). Piagetian theory suggeststhat children from seven to twelve years of age developa broad range of transformational skills that allows themto operate on reality, building a repertoire of symbolsand signs (8). This display of cognitive growth representsan enormous expansion of power and abstraction in thatit frees children from the literal aspects of their percep­ and Piaget suggest that the capacity for poeticusage and the ability to operate on linguistic elementsmay be the last facet of language to develop (3). Theauthors' experiences in third grade classrooms, whileobserving children's understanding of figurative speechas presented in reading workbooks, revealed a wide rangeof abilities in the children's interpretation of metaphorsand proverbs at the concrete operations period of develop­ment. Some children had an immediate grasp of the mul­tiple meanings of terms, while others, regardless of theamount of explanation given, could not override theircognitive ties to the literal suggests that the capacity to understandmetaphoric speech occurs at an age beyond the preschoollevel (5). An early study investigated the development ofchildren's ability to understand dual function words,terms that have a joint reference in language to bothphysical and psychological data (1). For example, suchwords as "cold" and "warm" denote thermal propertiesand can serve a dual function in describing psychologicalaspects of people. The authors suggested that these termsare an elementary instance of metaphorical thinking andinvestigated the order in which children's understandingof dual terms emerged. Results indicated that childrenfrom three to seven are sensitive only to the literal trans­lation, while seven- to eight-year olds demonstrate thebeginning of the ability to use the psychological sense ofthe terms. The ability to state the dual function of theterms was clearly developed in the twelve-year-old group(for example, "hard things and hard people are bothunmanageable").Further work examined the ability of preschool child­ren to make metaphoric links, to perceive relationshipsamong disparate phenomena (6). Children, ages three tonineteen, were asked to indicate their knowledge ofliteral meanings of word pairs and then project them ontosensory domains using metaphoric skills. In contrast toearlier findings, these results indicated that the capacityfor metaphoric association between sensory modalitiesand adjectives was evident in young recent investigation found a developmental trendtoward the comprehension of metaphors, though it con­cluded that not until the age of ten were children ableto demonstrate metaphoric understanding of dual func­tion words (12).The ability to understand proverbs has been explainedby Piaget as part of the development of cognitive think­ing (10). He proposed that children from nine to elevenyears of age use a simple projection of the proverb intosentences by process of immediate fusion. At this level,there is no analysis of detail in comprehending proverbs,but a general fusion of two propositions without analysisof their meanings. Piaget believed that this phenomenonprecedes the development of logical thinking, that theability to translate proverbs does not occur until theformal operations present study examined the relationship amongmetaphors, dual function words, and proverbs, specificallylooking at children's ability to translate classroom materialpresented in context. Context has been cited as an impor­

与注重同义词运用的汉语谚语相比，英语谚语更注重的是词的重复。如： Let bygones be bygones．过去的就让它过去吧。 Everybody’s business is nobody’s business．三个和尚没水吃。 Such carpenters，such chips．什么木匠出什么活。 Grasp all，lose all．样样都要，全部失掉。 随着实践活动的增加和生活经验的积累，人们越来越多地认识到客观世界中存在着矛盾、对立的事物和 现象，如真与假、美与丑、善与恶等。这些相对的事物和现象在英语谚语中也得以体现，那就是大量使 用数词、反义词等，形成鲜明的对比。如： It takes two to make aquarrel．一个巴掌拍不响。 A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush．一鸟在手胜于二鸟在林。 Great talkers are little doers．多言者必少行。 What soberness conceals，drunkenness reveals．酒后吐真言。 5个滑稽的英语谚语！ 学习英语语法及词汇已经不容易，要试着理解英语俚语更有点不可思议。一些俚语很难理解，一些更似乎不知所云。以下就有五条有趣的英语俚语你可以在日常生活中使用。只要小心正确使用就行！ “I’m happy as a clam.”想一想蛤蛎。这和其他事物没任何关系啊。它们只是躺在沙滩或在海滩无所事事。它们可不需要工作。当然听起来很高兴，不是吗？如果有人问，“你今天怎么样？”你就可以这么回答他们，告诉他们你的心情有多舒畅。 “I wouldn’t touch that (or him/her) with a ten-foot pole.”不喜欢某物吗？可能是垃圾或是发臭的食物那样恶心的东西。又或是你不想交朋友甚至不想多聊的某个人呢？呣，你非常的不喜欢某事物或某人，不想接触甚至不想*近他们－就算是十英尺以外也不行！ “I think I went overboard.”如果你做事做过火了或是不够负责任的话，你就可以这么说。“Going overboard”字面上的意思从船上掉下来，但是，作为俚语的话，这是一种承认自己做了不该做的事的表达方式。除此之外，类似的还有，“I’ve stepped over a line” 和“I’ve gone too far.”你还可以使用它来表示某人犯了个错误。 “You don’t have a leg to stand on.”不不，这可不是告诉你某人没有腿。意思是他们争论的意见不对。他们没有站立的腿是因为他们没有支持他们论点的事实。这个俚语是告诉某人他们不对的好方法。 “Break a leg!”真正的意思正好和字面上的相反。如果你对某人说此话时，意思是在祝福他们好运！这个俚语来自于一个迷信之说，无论你大声说出什么，真实的结果都会和说的相反。因为出处于剧院，这一说法通常用来祝福某些表现出色。因此如果有人要作商务演示或是面试的话，你这么说别人听了就一定很开心。回答者：公主熙儿 - 大魔法师 八级 2-4 13:13英文谚语大全 Each bird loves to hear himself sing. 鸟儿都爱听自己唱歌。 Each day brings its own bread. 天无绝人之路。 Each man is the architect of his own fate. 命运掌握在自己手中。 Eagles catch no flies. 大人物不计较小事情。 Eagles fly alone, but sheep flock together. 鹰单飞，羊群集。 Early mistakes are the seeds of future trouble. 早期的错误可以酿成日后的麻烦。 Early sow, early mow. 播种早的收获早。 Early start makes easy stages. 早开始是成功的保证。 Early to bed and early to rise make a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起，令人健康、富有而且聪明。 Early wed, early dead. 早婚早夭。 Easier said than done. 说话容易做事难。 East or west, home is best. 在家千日好，出门时时难。 Easy come, easy go. 易得易失。 Eat at pleasure, drink with measure. 随意吃饭，适度饮酒。 Eat one's cake and have it. 又要马儿好，又要马儿不吃草。 Eat to live, but not live to eat. 吃饭是为了生存，但生存不是为了吃饭。 Eat to please thyself, but dress to please others. 吃是使自己受用，穿是使别人受用。 Education begins a gentleman, conversation completes him. 人的教养始于教育，成于社交。 Education has for its object the formation of character. 教育的目的在于培养品德。 Elbow grease gives the best polish. 只要功夫深，铁杵磨成针。 Empty vessels make the greatest sound. 空桶响声大。 Enough is as good as a feast. 知足常乐。 Envy assails the noblest, the winds howl around the highest peak. 高位遭人妒，高峰招风吹。 Equivocation is first cousin to a lie. 支支吾吾，其言必诈。 Errors, like straws, upon the surface flow; he who would search for pearls must dive below. 错误像稻草，漂浮在水面。欲觅珍珠者，须往水下潜。 Even Homer sometimes nods. 人非圣贤，孰能无过。 Even the walls have ears. 隔墙有耳。 Every advantage has its disadvantage. 有利必有弊。 Every bean has its black. 人人有其缺点。 Every bird likes its own nest. 人爱其家。 Everybody's business is nobody's business. 人人都管，大家不管。 Every brave man is a man of his word. 勇敢的人都是信守诺言的人。 Every bullet has its billet. 无风不起浪。 Every cloud has a silver lining. 山穷水尽疑无路，柳暗花明又一村。 Every cock crows on its own dunghill. 夜郎自大。 Every cook praises his own broth. 自吹自擂。 Every country has its customs. 乡有乡俗。 Every couple is not a pair. 同床异梦，貌合神离。 Every day is not Sunday. 好景不常在，好花不常开。 Every day of thy life is a leaf in thy history. 生命中的一天就是你历史上的一页。 Every dog has his day. 凡人都有得意之日。 Every dog has his day, and every man his hour. 人人都有得意的日子。 Every dog is a lion at home. 夜郎自大。 Every dog is valiant at his won door. 狗在家门前条条都凶悍。 Every door may be shut but death's door. 除了死门外，每门都可关。 Every extremity is a fault. 万事过分都差误。 Every fool can find faults that wise man cannot remedy. 蠢人也能找出聪明人无法弥补的岔子来的。 Every heart has its own sorrow. 人人都有伤心处。 Every horse thinks his sack heaviest. 每疋马认为自己驮的袋子重。 Every Jack has his Jill. 有情人终成眷属。 Every little makes a mickle. 积少成多。 Every lover sees a thousand graces in the beloved object. 情人眼里出西施。 Every man has a fool in his sleeve. 聪明一世，糊涂一时。 Every man has his faults. 人孰无过。 Every man has his hobby-horse. 人各有所好。 Every man has his liking. 人各有所好。 Every man has his weak side. 人人都有自己的弱点。 Every man is best know to himself. 自己最了解自己。 Every man has the defects of his qualities. 一个人的好品质上也有不足之处。 Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 每个人都是他自己命运的建诛师。 Every man is the master of his own fortune. 每个人都是他自己的命运的主宰。 Every man is the son of his own works. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。 Every man thinks his own geese swans. 每个人都以为自己的东西了不起。 Every medal has its reverse. 事物都有它的反面。 Every mother's child is handsome. 老王卖瓜，自卖自夸。 Everyone is dissatisfied with his own fortune. 人对自己的命运总不感满足。 Every one's faults are not written in their foreheads. 知人知面不知心。 Every pleasure has a pain. 乐中必有苦。 Every potter praises his own pot. 老王卖瓜，自卖自夸。 Every salesman boasts of his own wares. 老王卖瓜，自卖自夸。 Every shoe fits not every foot. 不能以己度人。 Everything comes to him who waits. 安心等待必有好处。 Everything has its seed. 无风不起浪。 Everything has its time and that time must be watched. 任何事情都有好的时机，不要随意放过。 Everything hath an end. 任何事物都有它的结果。 Everything is good in its season. 万物逢时皆美好。 Everything is good when new, but friend when old. 东西新的好，朋友老的好。 Everything is nice in your garden. 老王卖瓜，自卖自夸。 Everything must have a beginning. 凡是都有起源。 Everything new is fine. 新事物总是美好的。 Every tide hath its ebb. 兴盛之日必有衰退之时。 Every tree is known by its own fruit. 观其言行，知其为人。 Every why has a wherefore. 事出有因。 Evil comes to us by ells and goes away by inches. 罪恶来时，尺进寸退。 Evil communications corrupt good manners. 交往恶劣，有损风度。 Evil gotten, evil spent. 悖入悖出。 Example is better than precept. 言教不如身教。 Exchange is no robbery. 公平交易并非强行夺取。 Exercise, temperance, fresh air, and needful rest are the best of all physicians. 锻链、节制、新鲜空气和必要的休息是最好的医生。 Experience is a school from which one can never graduate. 经验无止境。 Experience is the best teacher. 经验是良师。 Experience is the father of wisdom and memory the mother. 经验是知识之父，记忆是知识之母。 Experience is the mother of wisdom. 智慧来自经验。 Experience keeps a dear school, but fools learn in no other. 吃亏学乖代价高，笨汉非此学不好。 Experience keeps no school, she teaches her pupils singly. 亲身经验，才是经验。 Experience must be bought. 若要得经验，必须化代价。 Experience teaches. 经验给人教训。 Experience without learning is better than learning without experience. 有经验而无学问，胜于有学问而无经验。 Extremes are dangerous. 物极必反。 Extremes meet. 否极泰来。 Eye for eye and tooth for tooth. 以牙还牙，以眼还眼。