通信工程毕业论文英文翻译

（二） 推荐方法 弦的特性在本节里，我们介绍圆心与其弦及弦上一点有关的特性。图1(a)显示一个圆圈与其弦AB。让P为圆圈内的一点，圆心为O,而AB是向θ方向经过P点的弦。以P 为中心的笛卡尔坐标系的四分之一圆周I 或II的端点定义为A，而B则定义为四分之一圆周III 或IV的端点。θ是由PX逆时针测量至AB的正角，θ ∈[0°, 180°]。同样地，φ是由PX逆时针测量至OP的正角。那么|AP|-|BP|=2|OP|cos(θ-φ). (1)下列的证明很直接。众所周知，任何圆周弦的垂直平分线都会经过圆心O(Rich, 1963)。以C作为AB的中心点，那么|AC|=|BC| and OC⊥AB.因此,|CP|=|OP|cos(θ-φ).|AP|-|BP|=(|AC|+|CP|)-(|BC|-|CP|)=2|CP|. 所以,|AP|-|BP|=2|OP|cos(θ-φ)图1(a)显示，O(xo,yo)与P(xp; yp)的坐标有下列的关系：xo=xp+acosφ,yo=yp-asinφ 而a=|OP|，yo方程里的减号反映在图像坐标系中，y值从上至下增加。如果我们有两条弦经过P点，可以从Eq. (1)直接得出两个方程，从中可解a 和 φ。 因此，可以从Eq. (2) 计算出(xo,yo)。具体细节在下一节展示。 圆心的计算考虑犹如图1(b)所示， A1B1 和A2B2两条弦是分别向θ1和θ2 方向 (θ1≠θ2)经过P (xp, yp)。以d1=|A1P|-|B1P| 及d2=|A2P|-|B2P|.那么从Eq.(1)，d1=2acos(θ1-φ) 及d2=2acos(θ2-φ)将方程d1除以d2以及扩展余弦函数可解φ，我们得到...一堆公式(略)Eq. (4) 展示如何从两相交弦计算出圆心。具体地，如果圆周内有个P点被两条弦穿过，利用两弦所提供的d1, d2, θ1 及θ2，可以用Eq. (4) 计算出圆心位置。最简单的实例是θ1 = 0° 及θ2 = 90°。如果是那样，可以极易地显示θ1=0°横弦的中点是xo，θ2=90°竖弦的中点是yo。这个实例的计算精确，但由于只是使用竖横弦，这种计算方式可能不稳健。因此，本研究将使用随意产生方向的弦来配合Eq. (4)的计算。【英语牛人团】

“通信工程”译为Communication Engineering。

如要表达“我是通信工程专业的”之类的意思，可说：I major in Communication Engineering.

拓展资料：

通信工程，也称电信工程，是电子工程的一大重要分支，电子信息类子专业。

通信工程专业主要研究信号的产生、信息的传输、交换和处理，以及在计算机通信、数字通信、卫星通信、光纤通信、蜂窝通信、个人通信、平流层通信、多媒体技术、信息高速公路、数字程控交换等方面的理论和工程应用问题。

参考资料：百度百科-通信工程

基于WIN CE的ADSL线路参数研究ADSL line parameters research based on WIN CE CE (also known officially as Windows Embedded CE since version [2][3], and sometimes abbreviated WinCE) is a variation of Microsoft's Windows operating system for minimalistic computers and embedded systems. Windows CE is a distinctly different kernel, rather than a trimmed-down version of desktop Windows. It is not to be confused with Windows XP Embedded which is NT-based. It is supported on Intel x86 and compatibles, MIPS, ARM, and Hitachi SuperH CE is optimized for devices that have minimal storage—a Windows CE kernel may run in under a megabyte of memory. Devices are often configured without disk storage, and may be configured as a “closed” system that does not allow for end-user extension (for instance, it can be burned into ROM). Windows CE conforms to the definition of a real-time operating system, with a deterministic interrupt latency. It supports 256 priority levels and uses priority inheritance for dealing with priority inversion. The fundamental unit of execution is the thread. This helps to simplify the interface and improve execution has stated that the ‘CE’ is not an intentional initialism, but many people believe CE stands for ‘Consumer Electronics’ or ‘Compact Edition’; users often disparagingly called it “Wince”.[4] Microsoft says it implies a number of Windows CE design precepts, including “Compact, Connectable, Compatible, Companion, and Efficient.”[5] The first version, known during development under the codename “Pegasus”, featured a Windows-like GUI and a number of Microsoft's popular applications, all trimmed down for smaller storage, memory, and speed of the palmtops of the then, Windows CE has evolved into a component-based, embedded, real-time operating system. It is no longer targeted solely at hand-held computers. Many platforms have been based on the core Windows CE operating system, including Microsoft's AutoPC, Pocket PC 2000, Pocket PC 2002, Windows Mobile 2003, Windows Mobile 2003 SE, Windows Mobile , Windows Mobile 6, Smartphone 2002, Smartphone 2003 and many industrial devices and embedded systems. Windows CE even powered select games for the Sega Dreamcast, was the operating system of the controversial Gizmondo handheld, and can partially run on modified Microsoft Xbox game distinctive feature of Windows CE compared to other Microsoft operating systems is that large parts of it are offered in source code form. First, source code was offered to several vendors, so they could adjust it to their hardware. Then products like Platform Builder (an integrated environment for Windows CE OS image creation and integration, or customized operating system designs based on CE) offered several components in source code form to the general public. However, a number of core components that do not need adaptation to specific hardware environments (other than the CPU family) are still distributed in binary form toolsVisual StudioLate versions of Microsoft Visual Studio support projects for Windows CE / Windows Mobile, producing executable programs and platform images either as an emulator or attached by cable to an actual mobile device. A mobile device is not necessary to develop a CE program. The .NET Compact Framework supports a subset of the .NET Framework with projects in C# and , but not Managed C++.Platform BuilderThis programming tool is used for building the platform (BSP + Kernel), device drivers (shared source or custom made) and also the application. This is a one step environment to get the system up and running. One can also use Platform Builder to export an SDK (standard development kit) for the target microprocessor (SuperH, x86, MIPS, ARM etc.) to be used with another associated tool set named Visual C++ (eVC)The Embedded Visual C++ tool is for development of embedded application for Windows CE based devices. This tool can be used standalone using the SDK exported from Platform Builder or using the Platform Builder using the Platform Manager connectivity to Windows Mobile, Pocket PC, and SmartPhoneOften Windows CE, Windows Mobile, and Pocket PC are used interchangeably. This practice is not entirely accurate. Windows CE is a modular/componentized operating system that serves as the foundation of several classes of devices. Some of these modules provide subsets of other components' features (. varying levels of windowing support; DCOM vs COM), others which are mutually exclusive (Bitmap or TrueType font support), and others which add additional features to another component. One can buy a kit (the Platform Builder) which contains all these components and the tools with which to develop a custom platform. Applications such as Excel Mobile/Pocket Excel are not part of this kit. The older Handheld PC version of Pocket Word and several other older applications are included as samples, Mobile is best described as a subset of platforms based on a Windows CE underpinning. Currently, Pocket PC (now called Windows Mobile Classic), SmartPhone (Windows Mobile Standard), and PocketPC Phone Edition (Windows Mobile Professional) are the three main platforms under the Windows Mobile umbrella. Each platform utilizes different components of Windows CE, as well as supplemental features and applications suited for their respective PC and Windows Mobile is a Microsoft-defined custom platform for general PDA use, and consists of a Microsoft-defined set of minimum profiles (Professional Edition, Premium Edition) of software and hardware that is supported. The rules for manufacturing a Pocket PC device are stricter than those for producing a custom Windows CE-based platform. The defining characteristics of the Pocket PC are the digitizer as the primary Human Interface Device and its extremely portable SmartPhone platform is a feature rich OS and interface for cellular phone handsets. SmartPhone offers productivity features to business users, such as email, as well as multimedia capabilities for consumers. The SmartPhone interface relies heavily on joystick navigation and PhonePad input. Devices running SmartPhone do not include a touchscreen interface. SmartPhone devices generally resemble other cellular handset form factors, whereas most Phone Edition devices use a PDA form factor with a larger Mobile 5 supports USB and new devices running this OS will also conform to the USB Mass Storage Class, meaning the storage on PPC can be accessed from any USB-equipped PC, without requiring any extra software, except requiring a compliant host. In other words, you can use it as a flash productsCompetitors to consumer CE based PDA platforms like Pocket PC – the main application of Windows CE – are Java, Symbian OS, Palm OS, iPhone OS and Linux based packages like Qtopia Embedded Linux environment from Trolltech, Convergent Linux Platform from a La Mobile, and Access Linux Platform from Orange and secondary usage of CE is in devices in need of graphical user interfaces, (point of sale terminals, media centers, web tablets, thin clients) as the main selling point CE is the look and feel being similar to desktop Windows. The competition is Windows XP, Linux and graphical packages for simpler embedded operating an RTOS, Windows CE is also theoretically a competitor to any realtime operating system in the embedded space, like VxWorks, ITRON or eCos. The dominating method, however, of mixing Windows look and feel with realtime on the same hardware, is to run double operating systems using some virtualization technology, like TRANGO Hypervisor from TRANGO Virtual Processors or Intime from TenAsys in the case of Windows, and OS Ware from VirtualLogix, Padded Cell from Green Hills Software, OKL4 from Open Kernel Labs, TRANGO Hypervisor from TRANGO Virtual Processors, RTS Hypervisor from Real-Time Systems or PikeOS from Sysgo, in case of the Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is a form of DSL, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional voiceband modem can provide. It does this by utilizing frequencies that are not used by a voice telephone call. A splitter - or microfilter - allows a single telephone connection to be used for both ADSL service and voice calls at the same time. Because phone lines vary in quality and were not originally engineered with DSL in mind, it can generally only be used over short distances, typically less than 3mi ( km) [William Stallings' book].At the telephone exchange the line generally terminates at a DSLAM where another frequency splitter separates the voice band signal for the conventional phone network. Data carried by the ADSL is typically routed over the telephone company's data network and eventually reaches a conventional internet network. In the UK under British Telecom the data network in question is its ATM network which in turn sends it to its IP network IP distinguishing characteristic of ADSL over other forms of DSL is that the volume of data flow is greater in one direction than the other, . it is asymmetric. Providers usually market ADSL as a service for consumers to connect to the Internet in a relatively passive mode: able to use the higher speed direction for the "download" from the Internet but not needing to run servers that would require high speed in the other are both technical and marketing reasons why ADSL is in many places the most common type offered to home users. On the technical side, there is likely to be more crosstalk from other circuits at the DSLAM end (where the wires from many local loops are close to each other) than at the customer premises. Thus the upload signal is weakest at the noisiest part of the local loop, while the download signal is strongest at the noisiest part of the local loop. It therefore makes technical sense to have the DSLAM transmit at a higher bit rate than does the modem on the customer end. Since the typical home user in fact does prefer a higher download speed, the telephone companies chose to make a virtue out of necessity, hence ADSL. On the marketing side, limiting upload speeds limits the attractiveness of this service to business customers, often causing them to purchase higher cost Digital Signal 1 services instead. In this fashion, it segments the digital communications market between business and home usersHow ADSL worksOn the wireCurrently, most ADSL communication is full duplex. Full duplex ADSL communication is usually achieved on a wire pair by either frequency division duplex (FDD), echo canceling duplex (ECD), or time division duplexing (TDD). FDM uses two separate frequency bands, referred to as the upstream and downstream bands. The upstream band is used for communication from the end user to the telephone central office. The downstream band is used for communicating from the central office to the end user. With standard ADSL (annex A), the band from kHz to 138 kHz is used for upstream communication, while 138 kHz – 1104 kHz is used for downstream communication. Each of these is further divided into smaller frequency channels of kHz. During initial training, the ADSL modem tests which of the available channels have an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio. The distance from the telephone exchange, noise on the copper wire, or interference from AM radio stations may introduce errors on some frequencies. By keeping the channels small, a high error rate on one frequency thus need not render the line unusable: the channel will not be used, merely resulting in reduced throughput on an otherwise functional ADSL may support usage of higher frequencies as a proprietary extension to the standard. However, this requires matching vendor-supplied equipment on both ends of the line, and will likely result in crosstalk issues that affect other lines in the same is a direct relationship between the number of channels available and the throughput capacity of the ADSL connection. The exact data capacity per channel depends on the modulation method used.[edit] ModulationADSL initially existed in two flavours (similar to VDSL), namely CAP and DMT. CAP was the de facto standard for ADSL deployments up until 1996, deployed in 90 percent of ADSL installs at the time. However, DMT was chosen for the first ITU-T ADSL standards, and (also called and respectively). Therefore all modern installations of ADSL are based on the DMT modulation J and M shift the upstream/downstream frequency split up to 276 kHz (from 138 kHz used in the commonly deployed annex A) in order to boost upstream rates. Additionally, the "all-digital-loop" variants of ADSL2 and ADSL2+ (annexes I and J) support an extra 256 kbit/s of upstream if the bandwidth normally used for POTS voice calls is allocated for ADSL the ADSL access utilizes the MHz band, ADSL2+ utilizes the MHz downstream and upstream rates displayed are theoretical maxima. Note also that because Digital subscriber line access multiplexers and ADSL modems may have been implemented based on differing or incomplete standards some manufacturers may advertise different speeds. For example, Ericsson has several devices that support non-standard upstream speeds of up to 2 Mbit/s in ADSL2 and ADSL2+.[edit] Installation issuesDue to the way it uses the frequency spectrum, ADSL deployment presents some issues. It is necessary to install appropriate frequency filters at the customer's premises, to avoid interferences with the voice service, while at the same time taking care to keep a clean signal level for the ADSL the early days of DSL, installation required a technician to visit the premises. A splitter was installed near the demarcation point, from which a dedicated data line was installed. This way, the DSL signal is separated earlier and is not attenuated inside the customer premises. However, this procedure is costly, and also caused problems with customers complaining about having to wait for the technician to perform the installation. As a result, many DSL vendors started offering a self-install option, in which they ship equipment and instructions to the customer. Instead of separating the DSL signal at the demarcation point, the opposite is done: the DSL signal is "filtered off" at each phone outlet by use of a low pass filter, also known as microfilter. This method does not require any rewiring inside the customer side effect of the move to the self-install model is that the DSL signal can be degraded, especially if more than 5 voiceband devices are connected to the line. The DSL signal is now present on all telephone wiring in the building, causing attenuation and echo. A way to circumvent this is to go back to the original model, and install one filter upstream from all telephone jacks in the building, except for the jack to which the DSL modem will be connected. Since this requires wiring changes by the customer and may not work on some household telephone wiring, it is rarely done. It is usually much easier to install filters at each telephone jack that is in use.

英文应该是Communication engineering。

通信工程专业主要做：研究信号的产生、信息的传输、交换和处理，以及在计算机通信、光纤通信、无线通信、交换与通信网等方面的理论和工程应用问题。就业方向有通信技术研发人员，通信产品销售人员，电信运营商工作人员等。

扩展资料

通信工程（也作电信工程，旧称远距离通信工程、弱电工程）是电子工程的一个重要分支，电子信息类子专业，同时也是其中一个基础学科。该学科关注的是通信过程中的信息传输和信号处理的原理和应用。本专业学习通信技术、通信系统和通信网等方面的知识，能在通信领域中从事研究、设计、制造、运营及在国民经济各部门和国防工业中从事开发、应用通信技术与设备。

参考资料通信工程_百度百科

通信工程专业的英文翻译是Communication Engineering Specialty。

重点词汇

specialty

英 [ˈspeʃəlti]   美 [ˈspɛʃəlti]

n.专业，专长;特点，特别事项;

adj.特色的;专门的;独立的

1、It's the specialty of our restaurant.

这是我们餐厅的特色菜。

2、In this paper, how to construct the microelectronics specialty laboratory in non-key colleges or universities is discussed.

对非重点高校微电子学专业实验室建设进行了讨论。

3、Curriculum construction sets the level and feature of a specialty.

专业的水平和特色，取决于它的课程建设。

4、Is this a specialty of this district?

这是这个地方的特产吗？

5、The experimental teaching reforms are discussed in detail for microbiological  experimental courses of the food quality and safety specialty.

文章对食品质量与安全专业的微生物类课程实验教学的改革进行了深入探讨。

通信工程专业培养具备通信技术、通信系统和通信网等方面的知识，能在通信领域中从事研究、设计、制造、运营及在国民经济各部门和国防工业中从事开发、应用通信技术与设备的高级工程技术人才。

通信工程（也作电信工程，旧称远距离通信工程、弱电工程）是电子工程的一个重要分支，电子信息类子专业，同时也是其中一个基础学科。

该学科关注的是通信过程中的信息传输和信号处理的原理和应用。

本专业学习通信技术、通信系统和通信网等方面的知识，能在通信领域中从事研究、设计、制造、运营及在国民经济各部门和国防工业中从事开发、应用通信技术与设备。

扩展资料：

①This course is central to most studies in  Engineering or communication Engineering.

本课程是一门专业基础课，也是通信工程专业方向的主干课程之一.

②College above. Electronics or  communication engineering.

大专以上学历，电子或通信工程专业。

③Majoring in Electronics Engineering,Communication Engineering, ComputerScience, Mechanical Engineering orModuling.

电子工程、通信工程、计算机科学、  机械工程、模具专业为佳.

④Bachelor degree or above , major in  Communication Engineering Microwave。

本科毕业,通信工程微电子等相关专业.

⑤Electronic and Information Engineering,  小Telecommunications Engineering, and 2Post Doctoral mobile stations.

现设有电子信息工程和通信工程2个本科专业.

⑥Communication Engineering is my brand of  professional schools , last year's admissionline is 612 hours.

通信工程是我校的品牌专业，去年的录取线是612分.

参考资料：通信工程专业-百度百科

蓝牙技术允许信息存储在手机上可以显示在电视上，也可以变换分析的信息，以便在电脑上听声。 蓝牙技术的传输速率设计到1MHz。实现全双工通信的时间的协议是区为基础的电路交换和分组交换的组合。 通过无线芯片接收器与蓝牙技术的电子产品能够在十公尺，可连接传输速度可以达到每秒1万亿字节。 蓝牙技术是一种新的无线传输，在1998年推出。它实际上取代数据电缆的短距离无线通信技术，通过实现低带宽的点至点广播，或点对多点链路之间的信息交流。 点，以点传输，无线红外传输是一种，它是必要的，在准确的方向，而不是很远的地方。如果在中间有障碍物时，它不能穿过墙壁，且无法控制信息传输的速度。