抗心律不齐药物研究论文

市场价格每20克，60元，雪莲花含有可抑制心房纤维性颤动的天然成分——金合欢素，并成功实现了对金合欢素的人工合成。这项创新成果的学术论文日前发表在国际着名心血管学科刊物《循环》杂志上，并被《自然》杂志中文网页列为“研究亮点”。目前临床使用的抗心律不齐药物对房颤有一定疗效，但对心房选择性不高，并可引起致命性心室纤颤。因此，开发选择性抗房颤药物是国际医药界重大课题之一。近年来，研究发现一种心肌复激化电流IKur，只存在于人心房肌，而不存在于人心室肌，因此IKur被认为是发展选择性抗房颤药物的靶点。香港大学医学院李贵荣博士分离出单个心房肌细胞，制成了具有生物电流IKur的细胞模型。中科院上海药物研究所秦国伟研究员制备了几十个中草药提取物样品，经香港大学实验室进行模型筛选，发现只有藏药雪莲花提取物具有抑制IKur的作用。据此，秦国伟课题组经科学实验，证实雪莲花中的有效单分子金合欢素对心房肌的电活动有选择性抑制作用。研究人员还将金合欢素与抗心律不齐临床药物“索他洛尔”进行了对比，发现前者可显着防止心房纤颤，而不引发致命性心室纤颤。小鼠毒性实验也表明，这是一个无毒或毒性极低的天然化合物。鉴于雪莲花资源稀缺，秦国伟等人摸索出一套低成本合成法，仅用两步化学反应便生成大量金合欢素。专家认为，在中国药用植物中发现并合成这类有效成分属国内外首次，有利于开发出具有自主知识产权的治疗心血管疾病的新药。

1、巧克力

巧克力口感细腻、甜美，其浓郁的香气具有镇静作用，味道和口感能刺激大脑中的“快乐中枢”，使人变得开心。美国哈佛大学最新研究表明，吃点巧克力还可防止心律不齐。

研究人员对万名丹麦人进行了长达13年的追踪调查。调查期间，约有3300人得了房颤（一种常见的心律失常）。

分析结果发现，那些喜欢吃巧克力的人更不容易发生房颤。相比每个月吃巧克力不足28克的，每个月吃28~84克巧克力的人，发生房颤的几率下降10%；每周吃28克巧克力的，房颤发生率下降17%，每周吃56~168克的，房颤发生率下降20%。

巧克力含有高水平的黄酮类化合物，可以改善血管功能。有研究发现，有规律地食用巧克力的人，患糖尿病和高血压的风险也低。但巧克力热量高，吃多了会引起肥胖和代谢方面的问题。要尽量选择黑巧克力（可可脂含量高），适量食用。

2、坚果

瑞典卡罗琳医学院的一项研究显示，经常食用适量坚果关联心律不齐和心脏衰竭风险较低。研究人员分析超过万名45岁及以上瑞典人的健康数据，随访17年。

计入研究对象年龄、性别、生活方式、饮食、糖尿病和心脏病家族史等心脏病风险相关因素后，研究人员发现坚果食用量多关联房颤和心衰风险较低。

房颤是最常见的心律不齐，关联中风风险。研究人员在由《心脏》期刊刊载的论文中写道，越是经常食用坚果的研究对象，罹患房颤的风险越低。一个月食用一次至三次的研究对象，房颤风险降低3%；一周食用一两次，房颤风险低12%。

一周食用不少于三次的研究对象，房颤风险降低18%。此外，每周适量食用坚果还关联心衰风险降低20%。研究人员认为，这可能是因为坚果富含健康脂肪、矿物质和抗氧化成分，这些都有益心脏健康。

扩展资料：

心率不齐日常防护

1、定期检查身体

定期复查心电图，电解质、肝功、甲功等，因为抗心律失常药可影响电解质及脏器功能。用药后应定期复诊，观察用药效果和调整剂量。

2、自我监测

在心律失常不易被抓到时，病人自己最能发现问题。有些心律失常常有先兆症状，若能及时发现、及时采取措施，可减少甚至避免再发。心房纤颤的病人往往有先兆征象或称前驱症状，如心悸感，摸脉有“缺脉”增多，此时及早休息并口服安定片，可防患于未然。

3、找出病因

吸烟、酗酒、过劳、紧张、激动、暴饮暴食，消化不良，感冒发烧，摄入盐过多，血钾、血镁低等。病人可结合以往发病的实际情况，总结经验，避免可能的诱因，比单纯用药更简便、安全、有效。

4、生活规律

养成按时作息的习惯，保证睡眠。因为失眠可诱发心律失常。运动要适量，量力而行，不勉强运动或过量运动，不做剧烈及竞赛性活动，可做气功、打太极拳。洗澡水不要太热，洗澡时间不宜过长。养成按时排便习惯，保持大便通畅。饮食要定时定量。

节制性生活，不饮浓茶不吸烟。避免着凉，预防感冒。因为体温每升高1摄氏度，心率每分钟会增加8-10次，很可能诱发心律失常，因此要预防感冒、发烧。

参考资料来源：人民网-吃巧克力可防心律不齐

参考资料来源：人民网-常吃坚果或降低心律不齐风险

参考资料来源：人民网-心律失常要限制饮食吗？心律失常患者注意什么

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