广告语翻译的研究论文有哪些

英语广告的语言论文参考文献 参考文献 [1] English TV Ads Collection[M].Nanchang: Hong Xing Electric Sound Press,1998. [2] Hu Zhuanglin,Linguistics. A Course Book[M].Beijing: Beijing University Press,2001. [3] Wang Shouyuan. Essentials of English Stylistics[M].Jinan: Shandong University Press,2000. [4] 杨志松.一句话打动你我[M].昆明:云南大学出版社,1993. [5] 肖颖.浅析英语广告的语言特点、修辞手法以及对广告英译的启示[J].吉林省学院学报,2010(5). [6] 卞瑞晨.广告英语中的押韵修辞及其翻译对策[J].山西财经大学学报,2006(2).请继续阅读相关推荐： 毕业论文 应届生求职 毕业论文范文查看下载 查看的论文开题报告 查阅参考论文提纲 查 阅更多的毕业论文致谢

Cultural Differences and Advertisement TranslationAbstract At present, with the rapid pace of economy’s development, advertising tends to be a main way to, so it is natural that international Ads translation becomes decisive for the products’ successful launching to the world market. Advertisements’ translation is a cross-cultural communication. Cultural differences determine that it would be far from easy for Ad to reach its function for the world market. The cultural connotation reflected in translation must win receptors’ acceptance. Just like the idiom says “when in Rome do as Romans do”. Advertising language should be kept in corresponding with cultural background of the target language, whenever this is done, it becomes possible for advertisements to exert its function to attract the receptors. Combining with translation practices this paper will analyze how the cultural differences influence Ad function in six aspects, including cultural habits, social political constitution, courteous principle, reasoning, aesthetic thought and language structure, Ad translation will not reach its function if such cultural differences are neglected, and how much importance should be attached to the cultural identity, which plays a positive role in Ad translation Key Words: Ad Translation, Cultural Differences, Cultural Connotation, Cultural Identity 摘要: 广告语言作为一种特殊的实用文体,有其独有的特点,并蕴含一定的文化内涵。广告语言的翻译,是跨文化的交流活动,它不仅仅是将一种语言文字转换成另一种语言文字,而且使读者自然而然地认同广告的深层文化内涵,通过被吸引而产生广告的效应。 广告翻译必须注重目的语的文化背景,高质量的翻译不仅可以准确传达信息,还能引发读者的文化联想和审美想象,产生良好的广告效应,同时也宣传了本民族的文化,起到了对外交流的作用。为能灵活、有效和得体地表达出原语中的文化内涵以及广告信息,这就要求译者必须了解原语言和译语言的文化,确保信息准确传递。 本文结合广告翻译成功和失败的案例,从风俗习惯、社会政治制度、礼貌原则、推理模式、审美思想、语言结构六个方面文化差异对广告翻译的影响，忽视文化的差异，必将一定程度上影响广告信息的传递，产生误解，使广告翻译难以实现信息的等效交流，而进一步探讨应如何注重文化认同,分析其对广告功能、目的产生的影响。 关键词：广告翻译、文化差异、文化内涵、文化认同Contents Introduction Chapter 1:Introduction of Cultural Differences Chapter 2: Misunderstandings Caused by Cultural Differences Different Cultural Habits Cause Misunderstanding Different Social Political Constitution May Hinder the Convey of Information Different Courteous Principle May Lead to Communication Failure Different Reasoning May Cause Misunderstanding Different Aesthetic Thought Result in Different Appreciation View Different Language Structure May Make Information Depart from the Original Meaning Chapter 3: Role of Cultural Identity Conclusion References Introduction Advertisement should express a certain expectation. It is a special pragmatic type of writing with a unique feature, and it also contains a certain cultural connotation. It should not as easy as a word-to-word exchange, but much of a flexible work. Cultural background of the target language is significant to Ad translation; much impotence should be attached. A good translated version will not only convey the information in accuracy, reaching a good advertising effect, but also stimulate receptor’s cultural and appreciating association, which will be of much help to the cultrural communication, thus it also is a impulse in cultural diffusion. Cultural differences as the main factor give much hindrance to the translation work. Misunderstandings will come about if it is ignored, the advertisement may consequently fail to meet its goal. How the cultural differences influence the advertisement’s function and target and how to make the cultural differences optimized when translating? What kind of role does culture identity play in this course? All these questions are the main discussions in this 1 Cultural Differences As the product of culture, advertisement can show the close relationship between language and culture. Advertisement is a comprehensive art with commercial identity, which persuades people for a certain publicity goal. On some extent, it is a special pragmatic type of writing with unique feature, which contains a certain cultural connotation; only when put into the same or a similar social culture can its function and efficiency be completely explored. However, Ad translation is an across-cultural communication, which determines that it is not as easy as word-to-word exchange. It must win the receptor’s acceptance on the cultural connotation reflected in the Ads, then receptors are attracted and be willing to follow the Ad’s guide. Thus only by knowing the grammar, lexical and relating capabilities of listening, writing and speaking about the two languages is far from enough to ensure cultural connotation of the source language is properly and effectively expressed. The translator is required to know both cultures of the source language and target language to guarantee the best convey of the original information. For instance, “延年益寿”, “宫廷秘方”, “百年陈酿”,etc. These advertising language always turn up in domestic Ads, which are difficult to be translated, even though translated, target receptors would not understand the original cultural connotation, and a doubt to the quality of the product may arises in their minds. Different culture leads to different cultural identity. Domestic receptors are deeply influenced by the traditional culture. They like following the public, showing great awe to the authoritative people, this psychological phenomenon results in the existence of much advertising language with Chinese specialty, like “……,用了都说好”, “我们都喝……,今天你喝了没有”, “……时尚内衣”, “部优”, “省优”, “中国消费者协会推荐产品”, etc. While in western countries, people pursue independence. Everyone tends to be independent. Everyone is unique (why should I do the same as others? They always think in this way). So Advertisements there never advocate people to follow the public, rather to arise admiration to the so-called authoritative people. What reflects in the advertisement are “individuality”, “independence” and “privacy”.Different cultures determine that the product’s promotion will turn out failure if the Ad succeed inland is translated literally. Severe research must be done on the cultural differences, or a bad impression of irresponsible or muddling through might arise, a certain doubt about the quality might strike the consumer. Ad’s natural duty will end up with a failure. Thus, when conducting international propagation it is very important to study the differences between Chinese culture and western culture, and make sure not too much exaggeration is contained in the Ad. Cultural differences make their existence in many aspects, political, language, religion, custom, habits, etc. They have much importance to Ad translation. Once they were neglected, misunderstandings must turns up. Chapter 2 Misunderstandings Caused by Cultural Differences Advertising language is a special art form, which has profound cultural background and can be influenced by the tendency of the day. Ad translation is a motion of cultural communication. To avoid misunderstanding, comprehensibility of different cultural background should be strengthened in the translation. When translating, not only the exact meaning of the advertisement should be clear, but also the extended meaning namely the cultural connotation involved should be agreed on. Due to the differences in language, culture, politic, and custom, different understanding and cognition will form; the translation must go in line with the target cultural habits by which the communication shall reach an ideal effect. Mr. Wang zuoliang have said, “what translators deal with are some particular words, but what they face are two completely different cultures.” Another famous translation theorist Eugene A. Nida (1993) said, “Translating means communicating, what important is the extent to which receptors correctly understand and appreciate the translated text.” Different Cultural Habits Cause Misunderstanding Cultural differences and conflicts make their existence wherever and whenever, they influence people’s perspectives and their ways of generalization. Although people of different cultural backgrounds may have different tastes, their psychological inclination has much in common, that is to say, all human should pursue elegance and luck, but avoiding cynic and ominous, thereby translator should respect the cultural customs and be cautious in choosing words to avoid misunderstanding. For example, a pen product of Shanghai named “白翎”, the trade mark is translated as white feather. Unfortunately there is a saying in English, to show the white feather, which means escaping from the forefront. White feather is the symbol of cowardness in English. As a result, this pen got a bad selling in western countries. Another example, “金鸡鞋油，颜色有黑、棕、白、红、黄、蓝等.” It is translated into Golden Cock shoe-polish comes in black, brown, white, red, yellow and blue. In China, Golden has a meaning of valuable and of high quality, as well as “Cock” always leads to a positive association, then the translation of “金鸡” naturally comes to Golden Cock, which seriously mislead receptor’s association, because in English cock is a usual indication of male words containing good cultural connotation in Chinese would mean the opposite in western world. Take Fang Fang a lip-stick as an example , “芳芳” in Chinese is a very nice word , usually it is used to describe beautiful things with flowerlike smell. It might make people imagine a pretty girl with fragrant smell. There is no doubt it is an excellent originality for Chinese consumers, but in English Fang Fang may arise a horror feeling because fang in English means poison fang that causing danger. Another instance Bees scented soap is literal translated from “蜜蜂”, Bee in China history is a very lovely insect as a symbol of diligence, its cultural association should be a flowerlike smell that appealing to bees, certainly this soap may attract a large number of Chinese consumers. On the contrary, westerners would not follow suit, the association of bee gives them an uncomfortable feeling caused by the thinking of fuzz on bee’s body. Different Social and Political Constitution May Hinder the Convey of Information Due to the differences on social politics, words reflecting social specialties may hinder people know little about the reality from understanding. For instance, “某公司自1981年成立以来,在改革开放,加快企业转换机制方针指引下,以强烈的竞争意识,勇于开拓,积极进取,出口额逐年上升与世界80多个国家和地区的120多家厂商建立了良好的业务关系。” “ABC Corporation has built up excellent business relations with more than 120 companies and manufacturers in over 80 countries and regions since it was founded in 1981. We make progress actively with a strong sense of competition. Our exports have been increasing year after year.” Compare the two versions, “在改革开放,加快企业转换机制方针指引下”was neglected, since it will be difficult for foreigners to know about Chinese enterprise’s historical and moral background of management mechanisms shifting, it is not necessary to add some information that should not be helpful to foreigners understanding. In some circumstances, the information about political or that cause difficulty to understanding can be omitted, this omission is reasonable and it makes no influence for the company promotion. Another example, a pencil sharpener with “大鹏” as its trade mark, and it is translated as “ROC hardeners”. Hardener is the biggest bird in Han’s national myth, having a positive meaning of ambitious and prosperous. While in westerners’ minds, “ROC” stands for “Republic of China”, certainly this will lead to a misunderstanding and unnecessary association, consequently this trademark will be neither helpful to create good impression of the products nor to defend national dignity. Different Courteous Principle May Lead to Communication Failure Courtesy is the common conducting norm followed by people when they get to communicate. A mild tone is publicly welcome. Improper wording or harsh tone might result in failure for communication. Here is an example, in china, public good Ads always get “禁止……”, public take this natural, no one think it is amiss, but as you weigh about its commanding tone, a slight domineering must be felt. “禁止” in English should be “Do not”, which is not mild but a word of harsh, . “Do not pick the flower!” “Do not make noise!”……, since such a stiff tone will unavoidably raise a sense of distance, it won’t help to create a happy and sweet public atmosphere, foreign friends might feel uncomfortable; they think their personalities are not fully respected. Changing into a much milder tone the translation should be “keep away from the flower!” “Take care of the flower, please!” which will certainly inspire people love flowers and take care of Different Reasoning May Cause Misunderstanding People speaking different languages may have different ways of thinking or reasoning. The way of using language must be restricted by people’s different cultural backgrounds. In the aspect of Ad’s translation, it may turn out difficult for people to gain the original meaning of the information, or even misunderstandings come up. There is an advertisement for cereal crust, “本品可即购即食，食用方便” describing the convenience of the food, the translation is opening and eating immediately, to westerners, immediately may lead to a negative association food will go bad if not be eaten immediately, this may surely damage product’s image. To keep accordance with English speaking habits, translation should be Always ready to serve, which manages to convey the original meaning. So Ad translation should not only keep literal coincidence with the original, but also reach the accurate closeness with the connotation of information and language. Only when the actual connotation received by the receptors can this translation be called a equivalent one. Different Aesthetic Thought Result in Different Appreciation View To reach elegance in sound, appearance and meaning, Chinese Ad language tends to use lots of couplet, parallel structure or four-character structure. This has much to do with Chinese special aesthetic thought. Look at the following advertisement. A marriage broker advertises like this “寻寻觅觅，韶华转眼飞逝；犹犹豫豫，知音再度难逢。” “寻寻” and “觅觅”, “犹犹” and “豫豫” although these words get the same meaning, they sound good in rhyme. Instead of redundant, it sounds so natural and harmonious. While In English, “synonyms repetition” is always avoided, thus considering their appreciating view, the translation should erase the unnecessary words. Next a successful translation practice will take you to the further notice about the different aesthetic thought. I came back I came back to softness and comfort I came back to Dr. White’s And I wonder why I ever went away. Because only Dr. White’s gives me two kinds of comfort The super comfort of their cotton-wool content have makes them so much softer. And the comfort of a safer, more absorbent towel, with a flush-away design, too, for even more convenience. I tried the rest, but I came back. Isn’t it time you came back to Dr. White’s? Dr. White’s two kinds of -(Woman, April 1997) Following is the Chinese version , “我归来了，那绵绵的柔情，那缕缕的温馨，唤我归。我归来了，白仕！我不解，那时为何离去？唯有那白仕，让我拥有双重舒适。那松软洁白的棉衬，使我倍感柔软适意，那良好的渗透性能 ，使我倍觉舒爽称意，还有那易冲易消融的特点，让我使用更加方便随意。我曾徘徊踌躇，情有他钟，可我还是归来了。难道您——不想也拥有白仕的那份柔情，那份温馨？” Above is the Ad for “Dr. White” feminine napkin, in which the metaphor rhetoric transfers the affection for home onto the product to make it impressive and stimulate consumers purchasing desire. From the view of cultural connotation, the association for home is the same, whether English speaking country or Chinese has the same affection for home. Where the difference lies is on the taste for language using. The first paragraph of the English version ,which is a English verse with simple words, expresses a nice image, however, Chinese verse always take efforts to make a fine figure to concretize the image. So if translated directly, it cannot keep in line with Chinese aesthetic habit, damage must arise to the text’s infection. To take closer to Chinese taste, this translated version put the image externalized and turn the simple style to luxury, whereby this Ad makes a good performence。 Different Language Structure May Depart the Information from the Original Meaning Ad is to convey information. When Ad receptors from different cultures encounter the same Ad, what do they read from the same content about the product, the Chinese-English translation shall be easy to understand for Chinese consumers, but it cannot raise the same idea to western receptors what so ever. For instance, in an airline waiting room there is a public Ad as follows, “为了您和大家的健康，吸烟请到吸烟区。” For your and others health, the passengers who smoke, please go to the smoking area. What the Ad wants to indicate is that the waiting room is not allowed to smoke, if someone needs smoking he has to go to the smoking area. Chinese-English translation’s meaning is very clear to Chinese readers, but westerners understanding to it tends to be odd, To consider your health you are welcomed to smoke in the smoking area. Another one, on many main roads, there are Ad slogan propagating safe communication, reading like this, “高高兴兴上班去，平平安安回家来” which means to the driver to remind them driving carefully and back home safely. The translation follow Chinese language structure, that is, Go to work happily and come back safely, which is definitely out of line with English expressing way. It fails to convey the ideal information. Westerners may certainly feel puzzled. 未完~~~~~~~

广告语言是广告的核心内容。社会文化影响并制约广告语言及其表达，广告语言则蕴含或反映社会文化。语言是民族的语言，广告存在于一定的社会之中。一个民族的哲学观念、思维模式、文化心理、道德观念、生活方式、风俗习惯、社会制度、宗教信仰等等都必然会对广告语言产生作用。所以，任何一个社会的广告语言不可避免地反映社会文化的各个方面。事实上，反映社会文化的广告语言易为人们所理解和接受，可大大促进广告的功能。认识到这一点，并努力探讨出社会文化与广告语言之间的内在关系，对于理解和赏析广告语言，对于指导创作、设计既符合广告表达基本原则，又适合特定民族文化特征的广告语言具有十分重要的作用。据笔者所知，我国学者对中西文化与广告语言的研究甚少，尤其缺乏比较研究。本文是这方面研究的一个尝试。一、哲学观念与广告语言曹志耘(1992：130)认为，各个民族都有其独特的对世界的认识和表达，有自己的哲学观念。哲学观念深刻地影响着有关语言的结构和运用，当然也影响着广告语言的应用。例如，天人合一是我国传统文化中一个最基本的哲学观念。在我国的一些广告中，天人合一观念对语言表达和接受的影响显而易见。如长虹牌电视机广告词“天上彩虹，人间长虹”，通过天上彩虹对人间“长虹”的映衬、比喻，给人一种天上人间一体，彩虹“长虹”一物的感受。通过这样的广告宣传，“长虹”彩电的美好形象栩栩如生地长驻于人们的脑际。“长虹”彩电驰名全国，颇受青睐，销售量跃居国产彩电之首，这固然与其质量息息相关，但无疑也与其广告词所创造的美好形象不无联系。扬子电气的电视广告则由人群在大地上组合成多姿多彩的扬子电气商标图案和“扬子电气”四个大字，在此场景里，人和文字融为一体。同时，该广告仅有的两句话“扬子天地，扬子电气”将商品与天地相提并论。这样，整个广告形成了一种十分强烈的天人合一的和谐气氛，非常引人入胜。再举数例：

①与书为友，天地长久。(某丛书广告)②皮革天地，迷人世界。(皮货商场)③得之于莺飞草长的天时，得之于土厚天高的地利!(房地产)以上广告词都含有天地一体的哲学思想，是天人合一的哲学观念深植于中华民族文化之中的自然流露，都能引起我国受众特有的感受和共鸣，容易激发人们的消费欲。强调群体、贬抑个体是中国哲学观念的另一重要特征。如汉语包括广告语言从大到小的表达顺序正是这一哲学观念的体现。又如我国的大多广告词十分精辟，往往以寥寥数语勾画商品或服务的特征、特点和优势，注重创造其总体形象，一般不很注重产品或服务的特点、优点的重墨细腻的描述。我国广告存在不突出个性的现象，这似乎也与中华文化中追求群体一致性，反对个体特殊性的传统思想有所联系。与此相反，突出个体和个性是西方哲学观念的一个重要方面。英语包括广告英语从小到大的表达顺序则是这一哲学观念的具体反映。如，英语广告特别注重对产品或服务的特性、特征进行缜密入微的重墨描述，特别突出其个性与众的不同之处。广告语篇，与形象优美的插图相互映衬相得益彰，把商品的个性和特征表现得淋漓尽致，巧妙而自然地将商品的价值转移到商品购买者身上，着力创造美满理想的生活氛围，把受众诱入引人入胜的境界，让消费的念头油然而生。这样的广告在西方处处可见，在我国则较为罕见。这种差异同中西各自的哲学观念和物质文明程度紧密相联。整齐、对称是人们对客观事物正确认识形成的一个哲学观念。我们知道，许多客观事物都具有整齐对称特征。人类各门学科包括建筑、美术都反映出这一特征。语言，包括广告语言，作为文化的载体，当然也表现出这个特征。中文广告中应用频繁的对偶式四字句就是整齐、对称的范例。如“质量第一，信誉至上”这样的四字句构成的对偶句非常整齐对称，符合中国人的表达和欣赏习惯。此外，中文广告中的许多广告词都是文字工整、结构匀称、琅琅上口的广告金句。如：④甜甜大白兔，宝宝心爱物!(白兔糖)；⑤追逐美丽画面，留下永恒回忆!(照像机)英语广告篇章也讲究整齐、对称。为数不少的广告标题和广告口号都是整齐、对称的句子。试看一例：⑥A business in millons,a profit in pennies.众所周知，英语广告篇章中的排比句俯拾即是，其中有些音节大约相等、结构颇为工整。如：⑦Earth is a person to be cared for Earth is a home to be managed…另外，英语各类广告中时尔可见短语排列式语篇。英国语言学家(1966：95)称之为block language(块式语言)。短语排列式广告篇章文字整齐，结构匀称，意思清楚，一目了然，给人印象深刻，过目难忘。短语排列式语篇在中文广告中也屡见不鲜，可能是受西方广告的影响吧。整齐、对称是人类对客观事物的一种正确认识，它反映在人类文明的各个方面。整齐、对称也是广告修辞特点之一。中文广告最讲究整齐对称，很少运用参差、错落、残缺等艺术手法，这大概是因为我国人民对整齐、对称的偏爱吧。西方广告既采用整齐对称的结构，又好用参差、错落、残缺等艺术手法，具有多姿多彩、含蓄隽永的效果。显然，中西广告的艺术手法与各自的文化传统包括哲学观念息息相关。二、思维模式与广告语言思维模式与语言之间存在互相制约、互相影响的关系。思维模式自然而然对广告语言的运用和接受产生影响。广告语言必然反映和影响思维模式。具象性是世界各民族的思维特点。人们习惯于形象思维，喜欢具体、形象、直观的语言。广告语言充满修辞格，通常非常生动形象。如：⑧停电24小时!依旧冷若冰霜。(上海航天电冰箱广告)⑨书为山谷，笔为径。(某彩色笔广告)⑩把柔媚浇在身上。(香浴乳广告)以上第⑧例含有明喻辞格，产品的特性和功能生动形象地表达出来了。第⑨句包含两个暗喻，书比作山谷，笔被喻为山径，清楚易懂。从暗喻可知，笔是通向知识殿堂的小路，是摘取知识之果的必备工具。第⑩例巧妙地将产品形象化为“柔媚”，制造了极柔极媚的体验，浪漫娇妩，极富诱惑力。英语广告措词也讲究生动形象。例如：(11)Breakfast without orange juice is like a day without sunshine.(12)Goldstar is the brightest star in electronics.上面第(11)句是个典型的明喻句式，第(12)句是个典型的暗喻句式。语言生动，意境鲜明，产品功能、公司形象具体生动地呈现于读者眼前，令人怦然心动。形象思维是人类思维特点之一。英汉广告大量使用比喻比拟等辞格来创造鲜明的意境和生动的形象，以便富有感染力地宣传商品或服务的特性，从而大大增强英汉广告功能。人类思维模式的另一特点是模糊性。所谓“弦外之音”、“言外之意”、“只可意会、不可言传”等等正是中国人对语言文字的特殊体验。尽管广告语言首先要求简明易懂，但恰到好处的模糊性、意会性，可使广告语言富于联想，回味无穷，大大增加广告的艺术感染力。汉语广告的模糊性常常在于运用精辟的言词巧妙的表达法或恰当的修辞，意味深长耐人寻味地创造商品或服务的整体形象。例如在杉杉牌西服的电视广告里，一位男士身上所穿的漂亮潇洒、楚楚动人的西服引起了众人的羡慕。一对情侣在喝饮料，小伙子羡慕地盯着这身西服，惊异地说：“杉杉牌西服!”他的女友立即半开玩笑地对他说：“不要太潇洒!”言外之意丰富而生动，十分耐人寻味。西方民族的思维模糊性在英语中也得到了充分体现。这种模糊性似乎跟汉语广告一样常见。英语广告的模糊性表现在好些方面，但主要在于利用双关(pun)、含蓄比较(implied comparison)等修辞手段或使用别出心裁的表达法来描述商品或服务的具体特性、特征和优点。如：(13)You'll go nuts for the nuts you get in fills you up and givesyou lots of go.(Leech,1966：185)该广告词包含双关语：go nuts( = become crazy)中的nuts与其前面的the nuts(坚果)均构成语义双关。显然，双关语表里双涉，一举两得，富于联想，灵活机动，深刻而生动地揭示广告产品的特性与功能。可见，广告语言的模糊性是作者匠心独运的生花妙笔。语言的模糊性存在于语音、词汇、语法修辞系统之中。广告的模糊性不但存在于广告文字中，而且存在于广告图像中。模糊的广告语言和插图给受众提供广阔的想像余地，诱发人们的想像思维，激发消费者对产品的联想，激起他们的购买欲望。

广告语篇研究述评论文

【摘 要】 语篇分析研究始自20世纪二三十年代，至60年代开始蓬勃发展起来。语篇分析理论因为有很强的概括力和解释力，已经被用于解释多种语篇类型。本文主要综述了语篇分析理论在广告英语领域的研究状况，分析了该项研究的范围、相关课题、存在的问题及其发展前景。

【关键词】 广告语篇 语篇分析 研究

一、引言

语篇分析是还是一门正在兴起的学科。早在20世纪二三十年代，就有语言学家将目光牵引到对使用中的语言的研究。布拉格学派和伦敦学派就是较早接触这一领域的理论学派。到了60年代，这个学科逐渐发展起来。语篇分析在结合了“语言学、符号学、心理学、人类学、社会学、文学”（黄国文）等学科的理论之后，已成为一门专门研究交际中的语言的学科。

语篇分析这门学科在近年来虽然有了长足的发展，但还远未成熟，理论学家们正在这一领域积极地探索。就语篇这个概念而言，不同的语言学家就有着不同的观点。有些语言学家既指书面语言，又指口头语言。有些语言学家则认为语篇只能指书面语言，不包括口头语言。综合看来，语言学家们都认为：语篇是使用中的，在一定语境下的自然语言。而语篇分析研究的就是交际中的语言，“它涉及的是语言与它的使用情景（即语境）之间的关系”（黄国文）。

语篇分析的内容多种多样，可以研究语篇的衔接、连贯、句际关系、语篇的结构；也可以从语音、词汇、句法、语篇、指向平面加以研究。

二、语篇与广告语篇

虽然不同学者对于语篇各有其不同的定义，但综合来看，学者们在某些领域达成共识。他们认为语篇是在一定语境下，用自然语言表达语义的语言使用单位。而广告，无论是口头的，还是书面的，均符合这一定义，因此可以广告语篇为单位进行研究。尽管现阶段的广告凭借图像等众多方式吸引受众，但究其本质而言，广告仍是一种将自然语言应用在具体环境中的活动。以广告语篇作为研究单位，是可行的也是有理有据的。

众多语言学家在这一领域积极探索。诸如会话原则、系统功能语法理论被广泛地运用到分析中。有的学者从文体学角度，对广告的修辞、词汇特征、句法特征、文体功能进行归纳总结。还有的学者从文化角度研究广告中的女性形象、中西方文化差异在广告中的体现。另外，还有的学者结合美学、心理学总结英语广告中的诸多特征，成果蜚然。

三、广告语篇研究概况

1.总体研究情况

依据中国学术期刊网全文数据库（1994-2004）统计，已发表对广告语篇进行语篇分析的文章约为40篇，数量及年份分布情况如下表：

从上表我们可以看出，关于广告语篇的研究直到最近才有了充份的发展，引起语言学们足够的重视。 2.广告语篇的研究可归结为以下几大课题

（1）广告语篇和语用学理论相结合。随着语用学的发展，这种研究逐渐增多。广告语篇和文体学相结合。广告语篇和认知心理的结合。这个课题的研究成果相对较少。广告语篇和文化语境研究的`结合。

（2）从二十世纪90年代至今，我国专家学者围绕以上四个课题展开了系统而深入地讨论，其内容涵盖了以下具体问题：会话原则广告语篇中的应用，广告语篇中的证言式话语，广告语篇的叙事结构，语域理论在广告语篇中的应用，三大无功能理论在广告语篇中的应用，语类理论在广告语篇中的应用，广告语篇中的词汇句法特点，广告语篇中的修辞特点，认知心理理论在广告语篇中的应用，广告语篇中的文化诉求及其分析。

3.通过对以上四个课题十几个具体题目的研究，学者们在以下几个问题是达成了一致

（1）广告是自然语言在一定语境下的使用，可以用语篇分析的我种理论来分析其语篇特征。会话理论、语旨、语域理论都可用来分析广告语篇特征。另外，系统功能理论有着很大的理论张力可以用来解释、分析语篇中的种种特色。

（2）从词汇、句法方面来看，学者们同意广告文体比较口语化，句子简单。句子结构比较简单。一般都没有从句，还有的句子没有动词。从词汇角度来看，复合词较多；词的内部结构都比较简单。所用的词大多都是积极肯定、褒义词。专有名词出现机率较高。

（3）在修辞手段方面，语言学家们都同意制作人会采用大量的修辞手段，诸如头韵、排比、夸张等。

四、目前研究存在的主要问题

就目前的研究状况而言，课题分布是不平衡的。例如文体学就得了大量的关注。文体学的各个领域都得了学者们的关注，得到了充分的研究。许多语言学家专注于词汇、句法、修辞特点的分析。

除了文体学，对广告语篇进行语用分析也是研究重点之一。其中的系统功能语法的有关理论被广泛地应用到对广告语篇的分析中。诸如语旨、语域理论等。

但主要成就仅限于此，我们在其余课题上的收获甚少。从认知理论和文化角度来分析广告语篇尚鲜有人问津。

五、广告语篇研究前瞻

随着人类对计算机、人工智能、认知科学、认知心理学等学科研究的深入，认知模式和认知过程也日益受到我国外语界的关注。在未来的几年内，广告语篇和认知理论结合会有更大的生命力。另外，随着国际交往的日益密切，文化语境和广告语篇的结合也会有很大的理论空间。语用学和广告语篇的结合也会有很大的发展余地。其中系统功能理论就有着强大的理论张力，可以更多地和广告语篇结合。虽然广告语篇的文体特点已有了较完备的分析，但这并不意味着文体特点已没有了分析的余地。对于广告语篇中的文体特点变异的分析还有很大的发展空间。

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