发布时间：
In this paper, ordinary differential equations courses, to explore how to realize "high-early binding", and mathematics in secondary schools in the basis of ordinary differential equations, as well as ordinary differential equations of the guiding role of mathematics in secondary schools to do some discussion, for systems of ordinary differential equations of high under the mathematical point of view to provide some secondary words, Ordinary Differential Equations; School Mathematics; combination of high early
论文摘要是对论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述，要求扼要地说明研究工作的目的、研究方法和最终结论等，重点是结论，是一篇具有独立性和完整性的短文，根据内容的不同，摘要可分为以下三大类：报道性摘要、指示性摘要和报道指示性摘要。
中文名
论文摘要
外文名
abstract
字 数
一般为正文字数10%左右
语 言
一般中文与英文并存
主要组成
目的 方法 结果 结论
写论文摘要时以一般现在时为主。
介绍背景知识时，要用一般现在时，例如：
Speech recognition is the task of converting speech into text.
叙述研究现状时，也可以用一般现在时，例如：
This essay is to analyse how the era influences corporate cultures, and to give suggestions on the building of corporate cultures.
叙述研究结果时，大多数用一般过去时，例如：
Our text achieved the possibility above.
论文用到的专业性词汇比较多，很多时候在写英文的时候可能会感到困难，我用过的是这个，你看一下吧。
第一步，在首页三大板块中点击【文档翻译】。
第二步，点击【选择文件】，从电脑中选中文件（注意这篇文档里只放论文摘要部分），点击【打开】。
第三步，文件上传之后，看到翻译语种选择，设置为【简体中文】转换【英语】，点击右下角【立即翻译】。
第四步，等到翻译完成，屏幕上会跳出温馨提示，点击【查看文件】，就能找到保存在电脑上已经翻译成英文的论文摘要了。
或者像大家说的网上免费的翻译平台，搜狗翻译、谷歌翻译这些也可以，但是免费的机器翻译的结果目前来说准确率还不是很高，你的是学术论文，建议还是找人工翻译比较好，我论文翻译找的是北京译顶科技，那边都是人工翻译
The heart cerebrovascular disease has become the high morbidity, the thrombosis passes the inoculation fluid is one of hospital clinical care heart cerebrovascular disease's main medications. The thrombosis passes the principal constituent is 37 total soap glucoside, has invigorates the blood to disperse the hobby, promotes blood circulation the detachable effect. The pharmacology research confirmed that this has the enhancement crown arteries blood stream quantity, the expansion blood vessel, to reduce the arterial blood pressure, to reduce the cardiac muscle oxygen consumption capacity, to suppress the blood platelet accumulation, to reduce the blood viscosity function. Uses in the cerebrovascular disease including the acute anemic cerebrovascular disease, the blood vessel of brain hemorrhage sequela, the paralysis and disease's and so on retina the vein blocking treatments. passes the inoculation fluid through the research thrombosis the pharmacology property, the clinical practice, aspects and so on untoward effect and prevention measure, pass the inoculation fluid for the thrombosis the reasonable medication to provide the basis, provides the guarantee safely for the clinical medication. key word: The thrombosis passes the inoculation fluid, clinical practice, untoward effect, prevention measure
The afferent disease in brain in heart has become the high outbreak, the blood fills the 通 injects the liquid is an afferent paroxysm in brain in heart in clinical treatment in hospital to use the one of the medicines blood fills main composition in通 as 3 7 total soap 苷 , have the live blood spread the 癖 , the vein of 通 limbers up the medicine reason research confirms this article has the to build up hat vein blood measureses and extend blood vessel, lower the artery blood pressure and lower the myocardial consume oxygen measure, repress blood platelets come together, lower the blood glues a for the fat ⅰ in笠 in� in鲅 in艹 in� in full circle in⒛ in ? in疾 in管 in血 in脑 in性 in血 in缺 in性 in急 in括 in包 in afferent disease in brain the ⑻ drive 炯笆 oil �ぞ猜鲎枞�燃膊〉闹瘟啤 Pass the blood that study the 通 fill the medicine injects liquid reason medicine, clinical application, bad reaction and prevention and cure measure etc. aspect, fill for the blood the reasonable that 通 inject liquid use the medicine the offering according to, for clinical use the medicine safety offering guarantee.或Abstract: cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have become a high incidence, Xuesaitong injection in a hospital clinical treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases one of the main drugs. Xuesaitong major components for the PNS, with Huoxue casual addiction, Tongmai active effectiveness. Pharmacological studies confirm that the goods have increased coronary blood flow, the expansion of blood vessels, lowering blood pressure, reducing myocardial oxygen consumption, inhibiting platelet aggregation, lower blood viscosity role. For cerebral vascular diseases, including acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease, cerebral vascular hemorrhage after-effects, paralysis and diseases such as retinal vein occlusion treatment. Through research Xuesaitong injection of pharmacological properties, clinical applications, adverse reactions and control measures, in order Xuesaitong injection provide a basis for rational drug use for clinical drug safety guarantee. Key words: Xuesaitong injection, clinical application, adverse reactions, control measures或Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have become a high incidence, Xuesaitong injection in a hospital clinical treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases one of the main drugs. Xuesaitong major components for the PNS, with Huoxue casual addiction, Tongmai active effectiveness. Pharmacological studies confirm that the goods have increased coronary blood flow, the expansion of blood vessels, lowering blood pressure, reducing myocardial oxygen consumption, inhibiting platelet aggregation, lower blood viscosity role. For cerebral vascular diseases, including acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease, cerebral vascular hemorrhage after-effects, paralysis and diseases such as retinal vein occlusion treatment. Through research Xuesaitong injection of pharmacological properties, clinical applications, adverse reactions and control measures, in order Xuesaitong injection provide a basis for rational drug use for clinical drug safety guarantee.
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have become a high incidence, Xuesaitong injection in a hospital clinical treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases one of the main drug. Xuesaitong major components for the March 7 total saponin, a Huoxue casual addicts, Tongmai active effectiveness. Pharmacological studies confirmed that the materials have increased coronary blood flow, the expansion of blood vessels and reduce arterial blood pressure, reducing myocardial oxygen consumption, inhibit platelet aggregation, reduce blood viscosity role. For cerebral vascular diseases, including acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease, sequelae of cerebral vascular hemorrhage, paralysis and diseases such as retinal vein occlusion treatment. By studying Xuesaitong injection pharmacological properties and clinical applications, adverse reactions and control measures, in order Xuesaitong injection provide a basis for rational drug use for clinical drug safety guarantee. Key words: Xuesaitong injection, clinical applications, adverse reactions, prevention measures
Purpose: to laevigata for root and stem the anti-inflammatory effects of comparative study, to study the root and stem rose laevigata the pharmacological effects of contrast, ensure the safe and effective medication and laevigata scientific research work, as its quality standards, regulating market. Method: acute and chronic inflammatory experiment inflamed by the : Gold cherry stem in mice have acute and chronic Pro-and anti-inflammatory effect, and there is no laevigata; anti-inflammatory effect stems from rose laevigata ethanol extract of the anti-inflammatory effect than water extracts strong anti-inflammatory : this product stem of different solvent extracts in acute inflammatory experiments on mice have toes swelling obvious inhibitory effect, swelling volume and blank-control group has significance; in chronic inflammatory experiments stem of different solvent extracts on Granuloma growth inhibitory effect, there is an obvious Granuloma weight compared with a control group and obvious ease; different solvents of the root extracts of acute inflammation experiments on mice toes without obvious inhibitory effect, and the control group, no significance; in chronic inflammatory experiment with different solvents of the root extract on agar-induced Granuloma no clear inhibitory effect, and the control group, no significance.
Objective To evaluate the extraoral bow headgear traction on the correction of moderate to high degree of crowding associated with the clinical efficacy of high angle cases. Methods 18 cases of severe crowding dentition in patients with high-angle, high application of headgear traction strengthen teeth extraoral arch anchorage, and a high degree of control teeth, the tooth extraction with fixed appliance treatment. Results 18 patients were aligned dentition, face has been maintained or have a good improvement in molar and canine relations have reached a neutral, maintain or reduce the mandibular plane angle. Conclusion headgear extraoral bow of moderate to severe crowding in high angle cases with the treatment of teeth can play a high degree of control and strengthen the role of molar anchorage.(maybe)
[ Abstract ] Objective To evaluate the head cap extraoral arch high traction in the treatment of severe dentition crowding with high angle cases clinical curative effect. Methods 18 cases of severe dentition crowding with high angle patients, application of headgear traction enhancing extraoral arch high molar anchorage molar height, and control, combined with fixed appliance for orthodontic extraction. Results 18 cases of patients with aligning, face get to keep or improve, molar and canine relationship reached the neutral, maintained or reduced mandibular plane angle. Conclusion head cap extraoral arch in moderate to severe congestion with high angle cases treatment can rise to control molar height and strengthen the role of molar anchorage.[ Key words ] head cap extraoral arch crowding high angle
【Abstract】Objectives: To evaluate clinical effect of dental orthodontic as of headgear facebow higher traction on middle to severe crowded dentition with high-angle cases. Methods: 18 patients with middle to severe crowded dentition besides high-angle were applied with headgear facebow higher traction and reinforcement on molar anchorage, while height of molar teeth should be managed and corrective treatment as exodontia combining with fixed appliance. Results: 18 cases got appropriate arrangement, facial forms of such cases remained the same or got well beautified, relation between molar and canine teeth reached middle level and, mandibular plane angle (MPA) kept unchanged or decreased. Conclusions: Treatment with headgear facebow for middle to severe crowded dentition with high-angle cases could manage height of molar teeth and reinforce molar anchorage.【Keywords】headgear facebow, crowded dentition, high-angle供参
医学论文翻译一般较多的是医学论文的摘要翻译，即把医学论文的摘要翻译成英文，在国外期刊上发表都会要求整篇论文翻译成英文。
一、在相关专业医学论文翻译中，要达到表意准确，必须了解相关领域的知识，熟练掌握同一概念的中英文表达法。
单纯靠对语言的把握也能传达双方的语言信息，但在运用语言的灵活性和准确性两方而部会受到很大限制。要解决这个问题，译者就要努力熟悉这个领域的相关知识，比如，因此了解相关领域知识，在翻译过程中对翻译人员的语言理解力和医学论文翻译质量都有很大帮助。
二、医学论文翻译的翻译标准。
医学论文翻译标准是翻译实践的准绳和衡量译文好坏的尺度。关于翻译的标准，历来提法很多。有的主张“信、达、雅”，有的主张“信、顺”等等。但有一点是共同的，即一切译文都应包括原文思想内容和译文语言形式这两方面。
>为此，在进行医学论文翻译时应坚持两条标准：
>（一）忠实。应忠实于原内容，准确地、完整地、科学地表达原文的内容不得有任何篡改、歪曲、遗漏或任意增删的现象。内容通常指文中所叙述的事实，说明的事理，作者在叙述、说明和描写过程中所反映的思想、观点、立场和所流露的感情等。
>（二）通顺。医学论文翻译语言必须通顺易懂，符合规范，用词造句应符合本族语的习惯，要用民族的、科学的、大众的语言，以求通顺易懂。不应有文理不通、结构混乱、逐词死译和生硬晦涩等现象。
三、过程中要体现语言结构特色
（一）词汇上的特点
1. 词义演变。医学论文翻译的专业词汇通常都出现在特定领域，它一般分为两类：一类是某一专业特有的词汇，这类词汇一般具有一词对应一义的特点；还有一类由普通词汇演变而来的专业词汇，这类词汇一词多义，必须应用语言学知识和专业知识综合分析，在翻译实践中不断丰富扩大。
2. 词缀。比如：从词源学的角度来看，在医学英语词汇中，希腊语、拉丁语的词素占有极高比率。据Oscar 的统计，一万个医学词汇约有46%来自拉丁语；来自希腊语，希腊、拉丁词素是医学英语词汇的重要基础。希腊语、拉丁语拥有极丰富的词缀，且每个词缀都有其固定意义，可与不同的词干组成无数新词。
3. 动词多使用规范的书面语。英语词汇从语体的特点来分，可分为普通词汇和正式词汇。普通词汇大部分是英语本族语，常用于英语口语和文学作品中，正式词汇大部分是外来词，常用于科技、经济、政治等较正式的文章中。
（二）大量使用名词化结构
1. 医学论文中大量使用名词化结构 (Nominalization)是医学论文翻译的特点之一，因为文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实，而非某一行为。
2. 大量使用长句和定语从句
医学论文翻译中大量使用长句和定语从句，在论证上起到连接信息和强调信息的作用。
3. 名词作定语和缩写词使用频繁。医学论文翻译中要求行文简炼、结构紧凑，名词作定语和缩写词的频繁使用，简化了句型，增大了信息密度。
4. 广泛使用被动语态。医学论文中侧重叙事推理，强调客观准确，第一、二人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述，采用被动语态。
四、医学论义翻译的翻译方法。
医学论义翻译要提高翻译量，使译文达到准确、通顺这两个标准，就必须运用医学论文翻译技巧。医学论文翻译技巧指翻译过程中用词造句的处理方法，如词义的引申、增减、词类转换和领域术语的翻译方法等。
（一）引申法。医学论文翻译时，有时会遇到某些词在英语词典上找不到适当的词义，如果任意硬套或逐词死译，会使医学论文翻译生硬晦涩，不能确切表达原意，甚至造成误解。这时则可以在不脱离该英语词义的前提下，灵活选择怡当的汉语词语或词组译出。
（二）增词译。由于英汉两种语言在词语用法、句子结构和表达方式上有许多差异，医学论文翻译时往往需要增加一些原文中没有的词，使译文通顺而且更加忠实地表达原文的意思。增词译的情况有两种。一种是根据意义或修辞的需要，如增加表示时态意义的词，增加英语不及物动词隐含的宾语意义的词。另一种是根据句法上的需要，增加原文句子中所省略的词。
（三）省略译。省略译是将原文中的宥些词省略不译，以使译文符合语言习惯。
（四）词类转换英译汉时，常常需要将英语句子中属于某种词类的词，译成另一种词类的汉语词，以使译文通顺自然，符合汉语的表达习惯。这种翻译处理方法就是转换词性法，简称词类转换。
（五）领域专业术语的译法。医学论文翻译中有大量的术语，而且科学性、专业性很强。领域专业术语的译法有意译、音译、象形译和原形译四种。
总之，医学论文的翻译需要专业的医学学科知识和大量对学术名词的积累。
Objective To evaluate the extraoral bow headgear traction on the correction of moderate to high degree of crowding associated with the clinical efficacy of high angle cases. Methods 18 cases of severe crowding dentition in patients with high-angle, high application of headgear traction strengthen teeth extraoral arch anchorage, and a high degree of control teeth, the tooth extraction with fixed appliance treatment. Results 18 patients were aligned dentition, face has been maintained or have a good improvement in molar and canine relations have reached a neutral, maintain or reduce the mandibular plane angle. Conclusion headgear extraoral bow of moderate to severe crowding in high angle cases with the treatment of teeth can play a high degree of control and strengthen the role of molar anchorage.(maybe)
【Abstract】Objectives: To evaluate clinical effect of dental orthodontic as of headgear facebow higher traction on middle to severe crowded dentition with high-angle cases. Methods: 18 patients with middle to severe crowded dentition besides high-angle were applied with headgear facebow higher traction and reinforcement on molar anchorage, while height of molar teeth should be managed and corrective treatment as exodontia combining with fixed appliance. Results: 18 cases got appropriate arrangement, facial forms of such cases remained the same or got well beautified, relation between molar and canine teeth reached middle level and, mandibular plane angle (MPA) kept unchanged or decreased. Conclusions: Treatment with headgear facebow for middle to severe crowded dentition with high-angle cases could manage height of molar teeth and reinforce molar anchorage.【Keywords】headgear facebow, crowded dentition, high-angle供参
The purpose is to understand that how the indoor air pollution impact on people's health. Methodology: The investigation was conducted between October and December 2007 in certain community at Wancheng District in Dongwan City. 50 apartments of different decorating conditions, which were not resided more than one half year, were monitored for multiple air pollution index. 120 residents living in the 50 apartments were interviewed face-to-face. At the end of the investigation, averagely, Carbon Oxide level exceeded the provided standard over 100%, Carbon Dioxide level exceeded the provided standard 1200%, Formaldehyde level exceeded the provided standard over 4000%, the level of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Dimethylbenzene exceeded provided standards 800-1300%, and bacterium level exceeded provided standards 290%. 80 from 120 interviewed residents reported somatic symptoms. Hereby we draw the conclusion that Formaldehyde is the most serious pollutant of indoor air pollutants, and indoor air pollution directly harm the residents' health.
Clinical Experience in the Non-extraction Correction of Lingual Tripping Deep Bite of the Front : Objective: To explore the factors, methods and matters of caution regarding the non-extraction correction of lingual tripping deep bite of the front : To select 18 cases of lingual tripping deep bite of the front teeth and conduct relevant non-extraction corrections. Result: The correction work was completed in 15-21 months, the average of each correction was months. The overbite and overjet of the front teeth of patients have become normal and the facial profiles harmonized after the : Non-extraction correction of lingual tripping deep bite of the front teeth should be conducted only on well selected indications. 【英语牛人团】
Objective To evaluate the extraoral bow headgear traction on the correction of moderate to high degree of crowding associated with the clinical efficacy of high angle cases. Methods 18 cases of severe crowding dentition in patients with high-angle, high application of headgear traction strengthen teeth extraoral arch anchorage, and a high degree of control teeth, the tooth extraction with fixed appliance treatment. Results 18 patients were aligned dentition, face has been maintained or have a good improvement in molar and canine relations have reached a neutral, maintain or reduce the mandibular plane angle. Conclusion headgear extraoral bow of moderate to severe crowding in high angle cases with the treatment of teeth can play a high degree of control and strengthen the role of molar anchorage.(maybe)
【Abstract】Objectives: To evaluate clinical effect of dental orthodontic as of headgear facebow higher traction on middle to severe crowded dentition with high-angle cases. Methods: 18 patients with middle to severe crowded dentition besides high-angle were applied with headgear facebow higher traction and reinforcement on molar anchorage, while height of molar teeth should be managed and corrective treatment as exodontia combining with fixed appliance. Results: 18 cases got appropriate arrangement, facial forms of such cases remained the same or got well beautified, relation between molar and canine teeth reached middle level and, mandibular plane angle (MPA) kept unchanged or decreased. Conclusions: Treatment with headgear facebow for middle to severe crowded dentition with high-angle cases could manage height of molar teeth and reinforce molar anchorage.【Keywords】headgear facebow, crowded dentition, high-angle供参
你好，翻译为：“[Abstract] Objective: To compare ziprasidone and haloperidol in the treatment of schizophrenia in acute phase of the efficacy and side effects. Methods: Injection ziprasidone and haloperidol injection, the patients were randomly divided into 75 cases of ziprasidone group (n = 38) and with the haloperidol group (n = 37), for a period of five days of treatment . Respectively before and after treatment using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Clinical overall scale of India (CGI) and adverse reactions Scale (TESS) assessed the efficacy and adverse drug reactions. Pre-treatment determination of baseline ECG with QTc interval after treatment compared to baseline for more than 60ms for QTc interval prolongation ①, the treatment of cardiac rhythm during the medical examination found abnormal electrocardiogram monitoring in time. Results: Ziprasidone and haloperidol groups before and after treatment the total score and PANSS positive symptoms scale factor at a considerable reduction rate; CGI score to achieve a turn for the better and were more than 25 cases (), 26 cases of (); TESS evaluation of side effects occurred in 10 cases () 12 cases (). By T test no significant difference (P> ). Major group of ziprasidone alcohol side effects of insomnia, the main side effects of haloperidol group extrapyramidal reaction, but the ziprasidone group, 3 cases () of QTc interval prolongation, 2 cases () of cardiac rhythm disorders; haloperidol impact on the ECG for ventricular arrhythmia, was found significantly prolonged QTc interval. Conclusion: Ziprasidone injection with injection of haloperidol treatment of schizophrenia in acute phase of the effect of a considerable, but the group ziprasidone QTc interval on the heart and whether the impact of abnormal heart rate caused by a high degree of attention required.[Key words] haloperidol Ziprasidone in acute phase of schizophrenia”。
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the "teacher-student role reversal Law" teaching method in clinical medicine professional "rehabilitation medicine," teaching effectiveness. Methods of clinical medicine at school 96 students in group teaching, in which 48 students in the experimental group a "teacher-student role reversal Law" teaching methods in the control group 48 students using traditional teaching methods. Two groups of students after school at the same time a theoretical examination and questionnaire. Results In the experimental group of students the theory of test scores than the control group (p <), and the two groups of students the theory of the good test scores difference was statistically significant (p <); experimental group of students interest and motivation in learning, knowledge, memory and understanding, self-learning ability and problem-solving ability better than the control group (p <). Conclusion "teacher-student role reversal Law" teaching methods in the "rehabilitation medicine," an effective method in teaching.[Key words] the roles were reversed; teaching methods; Rehabilitation Medicine; AnalysisAbstract spastic cerebral palsy is the most common form of cerebral palsy, their motor dysfunction is manifested mainly delayed motor development, abnormal posture, tendon hyperreflexia, increased muscle tone and so on. Based on principles of Bobath therapy, Bobath ball in the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy children in motor dysfunction could play a very good words spastic cerebral palsy; motor function; Bobath Ball1，“师生角色互换法”教学法在《康复医学》教学中的应用探析 2，Bobath球在改善痉挛型脑瘫运动功能障碍中的应用"Teacher-student role reversal Law" Approach in the "rehabilitation medicine," Teaching of Analysis, Bobath ball with spastic cerebral palsy in improving motor dysfunction of